{ "contentStorage": "postgres", "title": "汉文帝", "description": "汉文帝（公元前202年—公元前156年），西汉皇帝。", "url": "/de/people/emperor-wen-han.html", "entity": { "id": "person_cn_q7221", "type": "person", "title": "汉文帝", "slug": "emperor-wen-han", "aliases": [ "Emperor Wen of Han" ], "previousSlugs": [ "emperor-wen-han-q7221" ], "summary": "汉文帝（公元前202年—公元前156年），西汉皇帝。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q7221", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7221" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "汉文帝（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E6%96%87%E5%B8%9D" }, { "id": "zhengshi", "title": "汉文帝本纪（维基文库）", "url": "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E5%8F%B2%E8%A8%98/%E5%8D%B7010" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:10:27+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 6, "body": "## 生平\n\n汉文帝刘恒（前203年—前157年），汉高祖刘邦第四子，母为薄姬。前196年，刘恒受封为代王，在代国十五年，素以宽仁谦抑著称。前180年吕后去世，太尉周勃、丞相陈平等诛灭诸吕，又以少帝及诸王皆非惠帝亲生子为由将其废黜，迎立刘恒入京为帝；刘恒经反复权衡、遣舅父薄昭入京探询虚实之后，方才入主未央宫。在位期间，济北王刘兴居曾乘文帝亲征匈奴之机起兵，很快被平定；淮南王刘长谋反事发，文帝废其王爵、徙往蜀郡，刘长途中绝食而死，此事的处置在当时与后世颇受议论。[^zhengshi][^zhwiki]前157年，文帝崩于未央宫，在位二十三年，葬霸陵，庙号太宗，谥曰孝文皇帝。[^zhengshi]\n\n## 历史成就\n\n文帝延续并深化了汉初与民休息的方针。在赋役方面，他将田租由十五税一减为三十税一，前167年起更下诏全免田租，此后十余年间全国不征田租，直至景帝时才恢复三十税一之制；算赋由每人一百二十钱减为四十钱；成年男子的徭役由每年一服改为三年一服。[^zhwiki]在刑罚方面，前179年他废除收孥相坐之律与诽谤妖言之罪；前167年，齐太仓令淳于意之女缇萦上书请代父受刑，文帝为之感动，下诏废除黥、劓、刖等肉刑，改以笞杖等刑替代，这是中国古代刑罚制度由残酷趋向宽缓的重要转折。[^zhengshi][^zhwiki]文帝本人以节俭著称，在位二十三年，宫室、苑囿、车骑、服御无所增益，预修霸陵时要求因山为陵、皆用瓦器，遗诏又命丧葬从简，不得因帝丧久禁婚嫁饮酒食肉。[^zhengshi]对外方面，他遣陆贾再使南越，以德怀柔，使南越王赵佗去帝号、复为汉之藩臣；对匈奴则续行和亲、守边备塞而不轻启战端。[^zhwiki]据后世研究估计，文帝在位期间全国户口由汉初的约一千四百万回升至约三千一百万。文帝与其子景帝前后续治的时期史称“文景之治”，使西汉国力在秦末战乱后得到恢复，为汉武帝时期的开拓奠定了基础。[^zhwiki]《史记》《汉书》皆称许其仁厚，班固在《汉书》中赞之曰“呜呼，仁哉”。[^zhengshi]\n\n## 正史记载\n\n正史传记见《汉文帝本纪》[^zhengshi]。\n\n## 基本信息\n\n- 简介：西汉皇帝[^wikidata]\n- 所属朝代或国家：西汉[^wikidata]\n- 出生地：长安[^wikidata]", "url": "/people/emperor-wen-han.html", "lang": "de", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "birth": { "year": -202, "display": "公元前202年" }, "death": { "year": -156, "display": "公元前156年" }, "occupations": [ "儒学学者" ], "nativePlace": "长安", "personCategory": "历史人物" }, "entities": null, "tags": [ { "id": "tag-ancient-china", "slug": "ancient-china", "name": "Das alte China", "description": "Geschichte, Personen und Verwaltungsgliederung von der Zeit vor Qin bis zur Qing-Dynastie.", "names": { "ar": "الصين القديمة", "de": "Das alte China", "en": "Ancient China", "es": "China antigua", "fr": "Chine ancienne", "hi": "प्राचीन चीन", "id": "Tiongkok kuno", "it": "Cina antica", "ja": "中国古代", "ko": "중국 고대", "ms": "China purba", "nl": "Het oude China", "pt": "China antiga", "ru": "Древний Китай", "th": "จีนโบราณ", "tr": "Antik Çin", "vi": "Trung Quốc cổ đại", "zh": "中国古代", "zh-hant": "中國古代" }, "descriptions": { "ar": "التاريخ والشخصيات والتقسيمات الإدارية من عصر ما قبل تشين إلى أسرة تشينغ.", "de": "Geschichte, Personen und Verwaltungsgliederung von der Zeit vor Qin bis zur Qing-Dynastie.", "en": "History, people and administrative divisions from the pre-Qin era to the Qing dynasty.", "es": "Historia, personajes y divisiones administrativas desde la era pre-Qin hasta la dinastía Qing.", "fr": "Histoire, personnages et divisions administratives de l'époque pré-Qin à la dynastie Qing.", "hi": "चिन-पूर्व काल से चिंग राजवंश तक का इतिहास, व्यक्ति और प्रशासनिक विभाजन।", "id": "Sejarah, tokoh, dan pembagian administratif dari era pra-Qin hingga Dinasti Qing.", "it": "Storia, personaggi e divisioni amministrative dall'epoca pre-Qin alla dinastia Qing.", "ja": "先秦から清代までの歴史・人物・行政区画。", "ko": "先秦부터 청대까지의 역사·인물·행정 구역.", "ms": "Sejarah, tokoh dan bahagian pentadbiran dari zaman pra-Qin hingga Dinasti Qing.", "nl": "Geschiedenis, personen en bestuurlijke indeling van de pre-Qin-periode tot de Qing-dynastie.", "pt": "História, personagens e divisões administrativas da era pré-Qin até à dinastia Qing.", "ru": "История, персоналии и административное деление от доциньской эпохи до династии Цин.", "th": "ประวัติศาสตร์ บุคคล และเขตการปกครองตั้งแต่ยุคก่อนฉินจนถึงราชวงศ์ชิง", "tr": "Qin öncesi dönemden Qing hanedanına kadar tarih, kişiler ve idari bölümler.", "vi": "Lịch sử, nhân vật và đơn vị hành chính từ thời Tiền Tần đến nhà Thanh.", "zh": "先秦至清代的历史、人物与政区。", "zh-hant": "先秦至清代的歷史、人物與政區。" }, "count": 1097 } ], "relations": [ { "id": "rel_7221_born_in_6501000", "fromId": "person_cn_q7221", "relationType": "born_in", "toId": "place_hist_q6501000", "sourceRefs": [ { "entityId": "person_cn_q7221", "sourceId": "wikidata" } ], "label": "Born in", "targetId": "place_hist_q6501000", "targetTitle": "长安", "targetUrl": "/de/places/changan.html", "incoming": false } ], "versions": [ { "revision": 6, "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:10:27+08:00", "message": "当前版本", "hasSnapshot": true, "url": "/de/people/emperor-wen-han/at/6.html" } ], "lang": "de", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "fallback": true, "infoFields": [ { "key": "birth_date", "label": "Birth", "value": "公元前202年" }, { "key": "death_date", "label": "Death", "value": "公元前156年" }, { "key": "native_place", "label": "Native place", "value": "长安" }, { "key": "person_category", "label": "Person category", "value": "历史人物" }, { "key": "occupations", "label": "Occupations", "value": "儒学学者" } ], "relationsTotal": 1, "relationCounts": [ { "relationType": "born_in", "incoming": false, "label": "Born in", "total": 1 } ] }