{
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  "title": "霍华德·弗洛里",
  "description": "霍华德·弗洛里，弗洛里男爵（Sir Howard Florey，1898年9月24日—1968年2月21日）是澳大利亚病理学家，1945 年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖得主之一。",
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    "title": "霍华德·弗洛里",
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      "Sir Howard Florey",
      "Sir Howard Walter Florey",
      "霍华德·弗洛里，弗洛里男爵"
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    "summary": "霍华德·弗洛里，弗洛里男爵（Sir Howard Florey，1898年9月24日—1968年2月21日）是澳大利亚病理学家，1945 年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖得主之一。",
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        "title": "Sir Howard Florey – Facts",
        "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
        "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1945/florey/facts/"
      },
      {
        "id": "s2",
        "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1945",
        "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
        "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1945/summary/"
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    "createdAt": "2026-11-01T03:38:01+08:00",
    "updatedAt": "2026-11-02T11:29:29+08:00",
    "updatedBy": "user:admin",
    "revision": 6,
    "body": "**霍华德·弗洛里**（Sir Howard Walter Florey，1898年9月24日—1968年2月21日）出生于阿德莱德（澳大利亚），1968年2月21日在牛津（英国）去世。\n\n## 获奖\n\n1945 年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖由 3 位得主共享，霍华德·弗洛里占其中 1/3 份，官方获奖理由（官方原文）：“for the discovery of penicillin and its curative effect in various infectious diseases”[^s1]。获奖时所属机构为 University of Oxford，所在地为牛津（英国）[^s1]。\n\n## 生平与贡献\n\n霍华德·弗洛里是澳大利亚病理学家、药理学家。他与恩斯特·钱恩合作，把弗莱明 1928 年发现的青霉素从实验室现象变为可以临床使用的药物：他们分离、纯化青霉素并在 1941 年首次用于治疗细菌感染患者，挽救了无数生命；他与钱恩、弗莱明因“发现青霉素及其对多种传染病的治疗作用”共享 1945 年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖[^s1][^s2]。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[work_nobel_prize_1945|1945 年诺贝尔奖]]、[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]",
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      "description": "Nobel prizes, their laureates, awarding bodies and yearly lists.",
      "names": {
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        "en": "Nobel Prize",
        "es": "Premio Nobel",
        "fr": "Prix Nobel",
        "ja": "ノーベル賞",
        "ko": "노벨상",
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      "descriptions": {
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      "listTitle": "1945 年诺贝尔奖",
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      "edition": "1945",
      "name": "霍华德·弗洛里，弗洛里男爵",
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