{
  "contentStorage": "postgres",
  "title": "努尔哈赤",
  "description": "努尔哈赤（1559年—1626年9月30日），清朝政权奠基人、后金国首位汗。",
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  "entity": {
    "id": "person_cn_q311189",
    "type": "person",
    "title": "努尔哈赤",
    "slug": "nurhaci",
    "aliases": [
      "Nurhaci"
    ],
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    "summary": "努尔哈赤（1559年—1626年9月30日），清朝政权奠基人、后金国首位汗。",
    "status": "published",
    "categories": [
      "category-history",
      "category-people",
      "category-historical-figures"
    ],
    "tags": [
      "tag-ancient-china"
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "id": "wikidata",
        "title": "Wikidata Q311189",
        "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q311189"
      },
      {
        "id": "zhwiki",
        "title": "努尔哈赤（维基百科）",
        "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8A%AA%E5%B0%94%E5%93%88%E8%B5%A4"
      },
      {
        "id": "zhengshi",
        "title": "清史稿/卷1（维基文库）",
        "url": "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B71"
      }
    ],
    "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00",
    "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:11:44+08:00",
    "updatedBy": "user:admin",
    "revision": 6,
    "body": "## 生平\n\n努尔哈赤（1559年5月14日—1626年9月30日），爱新觉罗氏，出身建州左卫都指挥使世家，是觉昌安之孙、塔克世之子，生于赫图阿拉。少年时家道中落，曾以采参、贸易为生。[^zhwiki]1583年，其祖父觉昌安、父亲塔克世在明军攻打古勒城时被杀，努尔哈赤以先人遗下的十三副甲胄起兵，先攻给明军作向导的尼堪外兰，再经二十余年征战，先后统一建州女真、海西女真诸部及部分野人女真。1616年，他在赫图阿拉称汗，建立后金。1618年以“七大恨”誓师伐明，连下抚顺、清河；1619年在萨尔浒之战中击溃明军四路进攻，其后相继攻取开原、铁岭、沈阳、辽阳、广宁，1625年迁都沈阳。[^zhengshi]1626年攻宁远不克，同年去世。1636年皇太极称帝建清，追尊他为太祖。[^zhwiki]\n\n## 历史成就\n\n努尔哈赤是后金政权与清朝的奠基人。他创立八旗制度，将女真部众按旗编组，平时为民、战时为兵，兼具行政、军事与生产职能，成为后金与清朝的基本社会组织。他又命人创制满文，使女真有了自己的文字。[^zhwiki]他统一女真诸部、建立后金的事业，结束了明末东北的分散局面，为后来清军入关、统一全国奠定了基础。[^zhengshi]\n\n## 正史记载\n\n正史传记见《清史稿/卷1》[^zhengshi]。\n\n## 基本信息\n\n- 简介：清朝政权奠基人、后金国首位汗[^wikidata]\n- 所属朝代或国家：明朝、后金[^wikidata]\n- 出生地：兴京[^wikidata]",
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    "lang": "de",
    "fallback": true,
    "availableLangs": [
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    "birth": {
      "year": 1559,
      "display": "1559年"
    },
    "death": {
      "year": 1626,
      "month": 9,
      "day": 30,
      "display": "1626年9月30日"
    },
    "occupations": [
      "君主"
    ],
    "nativePlace": "兴京",
    "personCategory": "历史人物"
  },
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  "tags": [
    {
      "id": "tag-ancient-china",
      "slug": "ancient-china",
      "name": "Das alte China",
      "description": "Geschichte, Personen und Verwaltungsgliederung von der Zeit vor Qin bis zur Qing-Dynastie.",
      "names": {
        "ar": "الصين القديمة",
        "de": "Das alte China",
        "en": "Ancient China",
        "es": "China antigua",
        "fr": "Chine ancienne",
        "hi": "प्राचीन चीन",
        "id": "Tiongkok kuno",
        "it": "Cina antica",
        "ja": "中国古代",
        "ko": "중국 고대",
        "ms": "China purba",
        "nl": "Het oude China",
        "pt": "China antiga",
        "ru": "Древний Китай",
        "th": "จีนโบราณ",
        "tr": "Antik Çin",
        "vi": "Trung Quốc cổ đại",
        "zh": "中国古代",
        "zh-hant": "中國古代"
      },
      "descriptions": {
        "ar": "التاريخ والشخصيات والتقسيمات الإدارية من عصر ما قبل تشين إلى أسرة تشينغ.",
        "de": "Geschichte, Personen und Verwaltungsgliederung von der Zeit vor Qin bis zur Qing-Dynastie.",
        "en": "History, people and administrative divisions from the pre-Qin era to the Qing dynasty.",
        "es": "Historia, personajes y divisiones administrativas desde la era pre-Qin hasta la dinastía Qing.",
        "fr": "Histoire, personnages et divisions administratives de l'époque pré-Qin à la dynastie Qing.",
        "hi": "चिन-पूर्व काल से चिंग राजवंश तक का इतिहास, व्यक्ति और प्रशासनिक विभाजन।",
        "id": "Sejarah, tokoh, dan pembagian administratif dari era pra-Qin hingga Dinasti Qing.",
        "it": "Storia, personaggi e divisioni amministrative dall'epoca pre-Qin alla dinastia Qing.",
        "ja": "先秦から清代までの歴史・人物・行政区画。",
        "ko": "先秦부터 청대까지의 역사·인물·행정 구역.",
        "ms": "Sejarah, tokoh dan bahagian pentadbiran dari zaman pra-Qin hingga Dinasti Qing.",
        "nl": "Geschiedenis, personen en bestuurlijke indeling van de pre-Qin-periode tot de Qing-dynastie.",
        "pt": "História, personagens e divisões administrativas da era pré-Qin até à dinastia Qing.",
        "ru": "История, персоналии и административное деление от доциньской эпохи до династии Цин.",
        "th": "ประวัติศาสตร์ บุคคล และเขตการปกครองตั้งแต่ยุคก่อนฉินจนถึงราชวงศ์ชิง",
        "tr": "Qin öncesi dönemden Qing hanedanına kadar tarih, kişiler ve idari bölümler.",
        "vi": "Lịch sử, nhân vật và đơn vị hành chính từ thời Tiền Tần đến nhà Thanh.",
        "zh": "先秦至清代的历史、人物与政区。",
        "zh-hant": "先秦至清代的歷史、人物與政區。"
      },
      "count": 1095
    }
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      "label": "Born in",
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      "targetUrl": "/de/places/xingjing.html",
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    {
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      "message": "当前版本",
      "hasSnapshot": true,
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  "lang": "de",
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  "fallback": true,
  "infoFields": [
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      "key": "birth_date",
      "label": "Birth",
      "value": "1559年"
    },
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      "label": "Death",
      "value": "1626年9月30日"
    },
    {
      "key": "native_place",
      "label": "Native place",
      "value": "兴京"
    },
    {
      "key": "person_category",
      "label": "Person category",
      "value": "历史人物"
    },
    {
      "key": "occupations",
      "label": "Occupations",
      "value": "君主"
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