{ "contentStorage": "postgres", "title": "北京市 · Beziehungen", "description": "北京市是中华人民共和国首都、直辖市，行政区划代码为110000；也是五四运动发生及近现代学术发展的重要地点。", "url": "/de/places/beijing/relation-8.html", "entity": { "id": "place_beijing", "type": "place", "title": "北京市", "slug": "beijing", "aliases": [ "北京", "Beijing", "Peking", "北平" ], "summary": "北京市是中华人民共和国首都、直辖市，行政区划代码为110000；也是五四运动发生及近现代学术发展的重要地点。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-geography", "category-china-admin-divisions" ], "tags": [ "tag-modern-china", "tag-education", "tag-admin-division" ], "sources": [ { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "北京市（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/北京市", "locator": "信息框" }, { "id": "mca2023", "title": "2023年中华人民共和国县以上行政区划代码（民政部）", "url": "https://www.mca.gov.cn/mzsj/xzqh/2023/202301xzqh.html", "locator": "代码 110000 北京市" }, { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q956", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q956" }, { "id": "baidu", "title": "北京市（百度百科）", "url": "https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC%E5%B8%82/126069", "locator": "基本信息" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-24T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-30T00:51:39+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 13, "body": "## 行政区划\n\n北京市是中华人民共和国的省级行政区（直辖市）[^mca2023]。下辖16个市辖区[^mca2023]：[[place_cn_110101|东城区]]、[[place_cn_110102|西城区]]、[[place_cn_110105|朝阳区]]、[[place_cn_110106|丰台区]]、[[place_cn_110107|石景山区]]、[[place_cn_110108|海淀区]]、[[place_cn_110109|门头沟区]]、[[place_cn_110111|房山区]]、[[place_cn_110112|通州区]]、[[place_cn_110113|顺义区]]、[[place_cn_110114|昌平区]]、[[place_cn_110115|大兴区]]、[[place_cn_110116|怀柔区]]、[[place_cn_110117|平谷区]]、[[place_cn_110118|密云区]]、[[place_cn_110119|延庆区]]。\n\n## 基本信息\n\n- 行政区划代码：110000[^mca2023]\n- 面积：16,410.54平方公里[^zhwiki]\n- 常住人口：2,180.0万（2025年末）[^baidu]\n- 地区生产总值：52,073.4亿元（2025年）[^baidu]；人均约23.9万元（2025年）[^zhwiki]\n- 政府驻地：通州区运河东大街57号[^baidu]\n- 电话区号：010；邮政编码：100000[^baidu]\n- ISO 3166-2：CN-BJ[^zhwiki]\n- 车牌代码：京A—京Q、京Y[^baidu]\n- 气候：暖温带半湿润半干旱季风气候[^baidu]\n- 时区：北京时间（UTC+8）[^zhwiki]\n- 市花：月季、菊花；市树：侧柏、国槐[^zhwiki]\n\n## 历史沿革\n\n- 1368年：取代元大都[^wikidata]。\n- 1421年起称“北京”，至1928年6月7日[^wikidata]。\n- 1928年6月8日至1937年7月28日：称“北平市”[^wikidata]。\n- 1937年7月29日至1945年9月2日：称“北京市”[^wikidata]。\n- 1945年9月3日至1949年9月30日：称“北平市”[^wikidata]。\n- 1949年10月1日起：称“北京市”[^wikidata]。\n\n## 学术与公共生活\n\n[[organization_pku|北京大学]]位于北京。1919年的[[event_mayfourth|五四运动]]从北京学生的示威活动开始。\n\n## 阅读路径\n\n可从大学、事件与相关人物三个方向浏览本示例库。", "url": "/places/beijing.html", "lang": "de", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en", "id", "ru" ], "placeKind": "直辖市", "coordinates": { "latitude": 39.9042, "longitude": 116.4074 }, "locationNote": "中国北部；现代市域与历史都城范围并不完全重合。", "adminArea": "中华人民共和国·北京市", "established": { "year": 1421, "qualifier": "约", "display": "约1421年（明成祖迁都）" } }, "entities": null, "relations": [ { "id": "relation_cnpeople_born_q1191225", "fromId": "person_cn_q1191225", "relationType": "born_in", "toId": "place_beijing", "sourceRefs": [ { "entityId": "person_cn_q1191225", "sourceId": "wikidata" } ], "label": "Born here", "targetId": "person_cn_q1191225", "targetTitle": "谭嗣同", "targetUrl": "/de/people/tan-sitong.html", "incoming": true }, { "id": "relation_cnpeople_born_q17790", "fromId": "person_cn_q17790", "relationType": "born_in", "toId": "place_beijing", "sourceRefs": [ { "entityId": "person_cn_q17790", "sourceId": "wikidata" } ], "label": "Born here", "targetId": "person_cn_q17790", "targetTitle": "康熙帝", "targetUrl": "/de/people/kangxi-emperor.html", "incoming": true }, { "id": "relation_cnpeople_born_q19133", "fromId": "person_cn_q19133", "relationType": "born_in", "toId": "place_beijing", "sourceRefs": [ { "entityId": "person_cn_q19133", "sourceId": "wikidata" } ], "label": "Born here", "targetId": "person_cn_q19133", "targetTitle": "乾隆帝", "targetUrl": "/de/people/qianlong-emperor.html", "incoming": true }, { "id": "relation_cnpeople_born_q47842", "fromId": "person_cn_q47842", "relationType": "born_in", "toId": "place_beijing", "sourceRefs": [ { "entityId": "person_cn_q47842", "sourceId": "wikidata" } ], "label": "Born here", "targetId": "person_cn_q47842", "targetTitle": "慈禧太后", "targetUrl": "/de/people/empress-dowager-cixi.html", "incoming": true }, { "id": "relation_cnpeople_born_q509360", "fromId": "person_cn_q509360", "relationType": "born_in", "toId": "place_beijing", "sourceRefs": [ { "entityId": "person_cn_q509360", "sourceId": "wikidata" } ], "label": "Born here", "targetId": "person_cn_q509360", "targetTitle": "奕䜣", "targetUrl": "/de/people/prince-gong.html", "incoming": true }, { "id": "relation_cnpeople_born_q526989", "fromId": "person_cn_q526989", "relationType": "born_in", "toId": "place_beijing", "sourceRefs": [ { "entityId": "person_cn_q526989", "sourceId": "wikidata" } ], "label": "Born here", "targetId": "person_cn_q526989", "targetTitle": "梅兰芳", "targetUrl": "/de/people/mei-lanfang.html", "incoming": true }, { "id": "relation_cnpeople_born_q700179", "fromId": "person_cn_q700179", "relationType": "born_in", "toId": "place_beijing", "sourceRefs": [ { "entityId": "person_cn_q700179", "sourceId": "wikidata" } ], "label": "Born here", "targetId": "person_cn_q700179", "targetTitle": "和珅", "targetUrl": "/de/people/heshen.html", "incoming": true }, { "id": "relation_cnpeople_born_q711457", "fromId": "person_cn_q711457", "relationType": "born_in", "toId": "place_beijing", "sourceRefs": [ { "entityId": "person_cn_q711457", "sourceId": "wikidata" } ], "label": "Born here", "targetId": "person_cn_q711457", "targetTitle": "李汝珍", "targetUrl": "/de/people/li-ruzhen.html", "incoming": true }, { "id": "relation_cnpeople_born_q9972", "fromId": "person_cn_q9972", "relationType": "born_in", "toId": "place_beijing", "sourceRefs": [ { "entityId": "person_cn_q9972", "sourceId": "wikidata" } ], "label": "Born here", "targetId": "person_cn_q9972", "targetTitle": "明仁宗", "targetUrl": "/de/people/hongxi-emperor.html", "incoming": true }, { "id": "relation_cnpeople_born_q9977", "fromId": "person_cn_q9977", "relationType": "born_in", "toId": "place_beijing", "sourceRefs": [ { "entityId": "person_cn_q9977", "sourceId": "wikidata" } ], "label": "Born here", "targetId": "person_cn_q9977", "targetTitle": "明宣宗", "targetUrl": "/de/people/xuande-emperor.html", "incoming": true }, { "id": "relation_cnpeople_born_q9983", "fromId": "person_cn_q9983", "relationType": "born_in", "toId": "place_beijing", "sourceRefs": [ { "entityId": "person_cn_q9983", "sourceId": "wikidata" } ], "label": "Born here", "targetId": "person_cn_q9983", "targetTitle": "明英宗", "targetUrl": "/de/people/zhengtong-emperor.html", "incoming": true }, { "id": "relation_cnpeople_born_q9988", "fromId": "person_cn_q9988", "relationType": "born_in", "toId": "place_beijing", "sourceRefs": [ { "entityId": "person_cn_q9988", "sourceId": "wikidata" } ], "label": "Born here", "targetId": "person_cn_q9988", "targetTitle": "景泰帝", "targetUrl": "/de/people/jingtai-emperor.html", "incoming": true }, { "id": "relation_cnpeople_born_q9991", "fromId": "person_cn_q9991", "relationType": "born_in", "toId": "place_beijing", "sourceRefs": [ { "entityId": "person_cn_q9991", "sourceId": "wikidata" } ], "label": "Born here", "targetId": "person_cn_q9991", "targetTitle": "明宪宗", "targetUrl": "/de/people/chenghua-emperor.html", "incoming": true }, { "id": "relation_cnpeople_born_q9994", "fromId": "person_cn_q9994", "relationType": "born_in", "toId": "place_beijing", "sourceRefs": [ { "entityId": "person_cn_q9994", "sourceId": "wikidata" } ], "label": "Born here", "targetId": "person_cn_q9994", "targetTitle": "明孝宗", "targetUrl": "/de/people/hongzhi-emperor.html", "incoming": true }, { "id": "relation_metro_0d8ddc2aab39d89d3f571fde", "fromId": "organization_beijing_subway_capital", "relationType": "operates_in", "toId": "place_beijing", "sourceRefs": [ { "entityId": "organization_beijing_subway_capital", "sourceId": "operator-review" } ], "label": "Operators here", "targetId": "organization_beijing_subway_capital", "targetTitle": "北京京城地铁有限公司", "targetUrl": "/de/organizations/beijing-subway-capital.html", "incoming": true }, { "id": "relation_metro_18bf35a4e3fd9899be4eeb17", "fromId": "organization_beijing_subway_yizhuang_tram", "relationType": "operates_in", "toId": "place_beijing", "sourceRefs": [ { "entityId": "organization_beijing_subway_yizhuang_tram", "sourceId": "cptond" } ], "label": "Operators here", "targetId": "organization_beijing_subway_yizhuang_tram", "targetTitle": "北京公交有轨电车公司亦庄有轨公司", "targetUrl": "/de/organizations/beijing-subway-yizhuang-tram.html", "incoming": true }, { "id": "relation_metro_9717ee41d376dedc4d12fae0", "fromId": "organization_beijing_subway_moa", "relationType": "operates_in", "toId": "place_beijing", "sourceRefs": [ { "entityId": "organization_beijing_subway_moa", "sourceId": "operator-review" } ], "label": "Operators here", "targetId": "organization_beijing_subway_moa", "targetTitle": "北京市轨道交通运营管理有限公司", "targetUrl": "/de/organizations/beijing-subway-moa.html", "incoming": true }, { "id": "relation_metro_aa0322a849fa82b700c7915d", "fromId": "organization_beijing_subway_tram", "relationType": "operates_in", "toId": "place_beijing", "sourceRefs": [ { "entityId": "organization_beijing_subway_tram", "sourceId": "operator-review" } ], "label": "Operators here", "targetId": "organization_beijing_subway_tram", "targetTitle": "北京公交有轨电车有限公司", "targetUrl": "/de/organizations/beijing-subway-tram.html", "incoming": true }, { "id": "relation_metro_bj_beijing-guloudajie_city", "fromId": "place_beijing_guloudajie", "relationType": "located_in", "toId": "place_beijing", "sourceRefs": [ { "entityId": "place_beijing_guloudajie", "sourceId": "wikipedia" } ], "label": "Contains places", "targetId": "place_beijing_guloudajie", "targetTitle": "鼓楼大街站", "targetUrl": "/de/places/beijing-guloudajie.html", "incoming": true }, { "id": "relation_metro_bj_beijing-jishuitan_city", "fromId": "place_beijing_jishuitan", "relationType": "located_in", "toId": "place_beijing", "sourceRefs": [ { "entityId": "place_beijing_jishuitan", "sourceId": "wikipedia" } ], "label": "Contains places", "targetId": "place_beijing_jishuitan", "targetTitle": "积水潭站", "targetUrl": "/de/places/beijing-jishuitan.html", "incoming": true }, { "id": "relation_metro_bj_beijing-xizhimen_city", "fromId": "place_beijing_xizhimen", "relationType": "located_in", "toId": "place_beijing", "sourceRefs": [ { "entityId": "place_beijing_xizhimen", "sourceId": "wikipedia" } ], "label": "Contains places", "targetId": "place_beijing_xizhimen", "targetTitle": "西直门站", "targetUrl": "/de/places/beijing-xizhimen.html", "incoming": true }, { "id": "relation_metro_bj_operator_city", "fromId": "organization_beijing_subway", "relationType": "operates_in", "toId": "place_beijing", "sourceRefs": [ { "entityId": "organization_beijing_subway", "sourceId": "operator-review" } ], "label": "Operators here", "targetId": "organization_beijing_subway", "targetTitle": "北京市地铁运营有限公司", "targetUrl": "/de/organizations/beijing-subway.html", "incoming": true }, { "id": "relation_metro_eea2672379796c339d42cba7", "fromId": "organization_beijing_subway_mtr", "relationType": "operates_in", "toId": "place_beijing", "sourceRefs": [ { "entityId": "organization_beijing_subway_mtr", "sourceId": "operator-review" } ], "label": "Operators here", "targetId": "organization_beijing_subway_mtr", "targetTitle": "北京京港地铁有限公司", "targetUrl": "/de/organizations/beijing-subway-mtr.html", "incoming": true }, { "id": "relation_008", "fromId": "event_mayfourth", "relationType": "occurred_at", "toId": "place_beijing", "note": "指1919年5月4日示威起点，不限定全部活动范围。", "sourceRefs": [ { "entityId": "event_mayfourth", "sourceId": "s1" } ], "label": "Events here", "targetId": "event_mayfourth", "targetTitle": "五四运动", "targetUrl": "/de/events/may-fourth-movement.html", "incoming": true }, { "id": "relation_012", "fromId": "organization_pku", "relationType": "headquartered_in", "toId": "place_beijing", "note": "不限定为同一历史校址。", "sourceRefs": [ { "entityId": "organization_pku", "sourceId": "s1" } ], "label": "Organizations here", "targetId": "organization_pku", "targetTitle": "北京大学", "targetUrl": "/de/organizations/peking-university.html", "incoming": true }, { "id": "relation_015", "fromId": "organization_commercial", "relationType": "headquartered_in", "toId": "place_beijing", "note": "1954年总馆迁京后。", "sourceRefs": [ { "entityId": "organization_commercial", "sourceId": "s1" } ], "label": "Organizations here", "targetId": "organization_commercial", "targetTitle": "商务印书馆", "targetUrl": "/de/organizations/commercial-press.html", "incoming": true }, { "id": "relation_api_abd6e62bb8c5642f58cb41a4", "fromId": "work_beijing_transport_notice_4920076", "relationType": "announcement_about", "toId": "place_beijing", "sourceRefs": [ { "entityId": "work_beijing_transport_notice_4920076", "sourceId": "official" } ], "label": "Related announcements", "targetId": "work_beijing_transport_notice_4920076", "targetTitle": "北京市交通委员会朝阳运输管理分局关于注销部分货物运输企业道路运输证件的通告", "targetUrl": "/de/works/beijing-transport-notice-2026-10-27.html", "incoming": true }, { "id": "relation_api_3b2fa246413b03619a4dd5dc", "fromId": "work_beijing_transport_notice_4898045", "relationType": "announcement_about", "toId": "place_beijing", "sourceRefs": [ { "entityId": "work_beijing_transport_notice_4898045", "sourceId": "official" } ], "label": "Related announcements", "targetId": "work_beijing_transport_notice_4898045", "targetTitle": "北京市交通委员会丰台运输管理分局关于注销部分道路货物运输证件的通告", "targetUrl": "/de/works/beijing-transport-notice-2026-10-12.html", "incoming": true }, { "id": "relation_api_46a5c360228fcc84cfe46143", "fromId": "work_beijing_transport_notice_4909848", "relationType": "announcement_about", "toId": "place_beijing", "sourceRefs": [ { "entityId": "work_beijing_transport_notice_4909848", "sourceId": "official" } ], "label": "Related announcements", "targetId": "work_beijing_transport_notice_4909848", "targetTitle": "北京市交通委员会西城运输管理分局关于拟发展旅游客运班线事项的公示", "targetUrl": "/de/works/beijing-transport-notice-2026-10-19.html", "incoming": true }, { "id": "relation_api_37c17b7ad1fca07af6c8c92e", "fromId": "work_beijing_transport_notice_4914274", "relationType": "announcement_about", "toId": "place_beijing", "sourceRefs": [ { "entityId": "work_beijing_transport_notice_4914274", "sourceId": "official" } ], "label": "Related announcements", "targetId": "work_beijing_transport_notice_4914274", "targetTitle": "北京市交通委员会东城运输管理分局关于省际客运班线（北京-晋城）许可事项变更的公示", "targetUrl": "/de/works/beijing-transport-notice-2026-10.html", "incoming": true }, { "id": "relation_api_3b3ee5a977dcab3160c64fc2", "fromId": "work_beijing_transport_notice_4914261", "relationType": "announcement_about", "toId": "place_beijing", "sourceRefs": [ { "entityId": "work_beijing_transport_notice_4914261", "sourceId": "official" } ], "label": "Related announcements", "targetId": "work_beijing_transport_notice_4914261", "targetTitle": "北京市交通委员会东城运输管理分局关于省际客运班线（北京-沧州）许可事项变更的公示", "targetUrl": "/de/works/beijing-transport-notice-2026.html", "incoming": true }, { "id": "rel_47842_born_in_956", "fromId": "person_cn_q47842", "relationType": "born_in", "toId": "place_beijing", "sourceRefs": [ { "entityId": "person_cn_q47842", "sourceId": "wikidata" } ], "label": "Born here", "targetId": "person_cn_q47842", "targetTitle": "慈禧太后", "targetUrl": "/de/people/empress-dowager-cixi.html", "incoming": true }, { "id": "rel_9972_born_in_956", "fromId": "person_cn_q9972", "relationType": "born_in", "toId": "place_beijing", "sourceRefs": [ { "entityId": "person_cn_q9972", "sourceId": "wikidata" } ], "label": "Born here", "targetId": "person_cn_q9972", "targetTitle": "明仁宗", "targetUrl": "/de/people/hongxi-emperor.html", "incoming": true }, { "id": "rel_9991_born_in_956", "fromId": "person_cn_q9991", "relationType": "born_in", "toId": "place_beijing", "sourceRefs": [ { "entityId": "person_cn_q9991", "sourceId": "wikidata" } ], "label": 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