{ "contentStorage": "postgres", "title": "Concepts", "url": "/en/concepts-19.html", "entities": [ { "id": "concept_poyang_silverfish_three_shreds", "type": "concept", "title": "Silverfish Stir-Fried with Three Shreds", "slug": "poyang-silverfish-three-shreds", "summary": "A Poyang dish made by stir-frying Zhuhu silverfish with three shredded ingredients. It was named one of Poyang's ten famous dishes in 2021. Zhuhu silverfish are described as jade-hairpin shaped, white and translucent, with delicate, savory flesh.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-food" ], "tags": [], "sources": [ { "id": "pygov_food", "title": "Ten signature dishes and ten signature snacks of Poyang announced", "author": "Poyang County People's Government portal", "date": "2022-05", "url": "https://www.poyang.gov.cn/pyxwgxljj/zhengwudongtai4aueux/202205/b2e89048a032461bb94ac03625af4aa3.shtml", "locator": "lists of the ten dishes and ten snacks and the judging rules" }, { "id": "qq_food", "title": "The ten signature dishes and ten signature snacks of Poyang", "author": "Shangrao Culture and Tourism (Tencent News)", "date": "2023-12-09", "url": "https://news.qq.com/rain/a/20231209A03W7200", "locator": "ingredients, preparation and origins of each dish and snack" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-30T16:06:20+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-31T02:36:29+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 21, "body": "Silverfish stir-fried with three shreds is a Poyang dish featuring silverfish from Zhuhu. In 2021, it was named one of the “Ten Famous Dishes of Poyang.” The local contest selected ten dishes from 20 candidates through online voting and expert review. [^pygov_food][^qq_food]\n\nZhuhu silverfish are described as shaped like jade hairpins, white and translucent, with delicate and flavorful flesh. The dish uses this local freshwater fish to present Poyang's lake-fresh cuisine. [^qq_food]", "url": "/concepts/poyang-silverfish-three-shreds.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "ar", "de", "en", "es", "fr", "hi", "id", "it", "ja", "ko", "ms", "nl", "pt", "ru", "th", "tr", "vi", "zh-hant" ], "conceptKind": "dish" }, { "id": "concept_poyang_fish_head_doucong", "type": "concept", "title": "Fish Head Stewed with Doucong", "slug": "poyang-fish-head-doucong", "summary": "A Poyang dish of fresh fish head simmered into a milky broth with doucong, a local soybean product especially associated with Yudunjie. As the doucong absorbs the broth, it becomes plump and juicy. The dish was named one of Poyang's ten famous dishes in 2021.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-food" ], "tags": [], "sources": [ { "id": "pygov_food", "title": "Ten signature dishes and ten signature snacks of Poyang announced", "author": "Poyang County People's Government portal", "date": "2022-05", "url": "https://www.poyang.gov.cn/pyxwgxljj/zhengwudongtai4aueux/202205/b2e89048a032461bb94ac03625af4aa3.shtml", "locator": "lists of the ten dishes and ten snacks and the judging rules" }, { "id": "qq_food", "title": "The ten signature dishes and ten signature snacks of Poyang", "author": "Shangrao Culture and Tourism (Tencent News)", "date": "2023-12-09", "url": "https://news.qq.com/rain/a/20231209A03W7200", "locator": "ingredients, preparation and origins of each dish and snack" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-30T16:05:55+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-31T02:35:13+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 21, "body": "Fish head stewed with doucong is a Poyang dish. In 2021, it was named one of the “Ten Famous Dishes of Poyang.” The local contest selected ten dishes from 20 candidates through online voting and expert review. [^pygov_food]\n\nFresh fish head is simmered to make a rich, milky broth, then doucong is added. The doucong made in Yudunjie is especially well known. It absorbs the broth and becomes plump and juicy, releasing the savory soup flavor with each bite. [^qq_food]", "url": "/concepts/poyang-fish-head-doucong.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "ar", "de", "en", "es", "fr", "hi", "id", "it", "ja", "ko", "ms", "nl", "pt", "ru", "th", "tr", "vi", "zh-hant" ], "conceptKind": "dish" }, { "id": "concept_poyang_black_bean_chicken", "type": "concept", "title": "Poyang Chicken with Fermented Black Beans", "slug": "poyang-black-bean-chicken", "summary": "A traditional Poyang chicken dish. Chunks of free-range chicken are briefly seared, combined with fermented black beans and steamed over high heat. At home, the chicken may be steamed in an enamel bowl above hot water beneath a rice steamer, or cooked inside rice so both finish together. It was named one of Poyang's ten famous dishes in 2021.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-food" ], "tags": [], "sources": [ { "id": "pygov_food", "title": "Ten signature dishes and ten signature snacks of Poyang announced", "author": "Poyang County People's Government portal", "date": "2022-05", "url": "https://www.poyang.gov.cn/pyxwgxljj/zhengwudongtai4aueux/202205/b2e89048a032461bb94ac03625af4aa3.shtml", "locator": "lists of the ten dishes and ten snacks and the judging rules" }, { "id": "qq_food", "title": "The ten signature dishes and ten signature snacks of Poyang", "author": "Shangrao Culture and Tourism (Tencent News)", "date": "2023-12-09", "url": "https://news.qq.com/rain/a/20231209A03W7200", "locator": "ingredients, preparation and origins of each dish and snack" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-30T16:05:31+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-31T02:33:59+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 21, "body": "Chicken with fermented black beans is a traditional dish from Poyang. In 2021, it was named one of the “Ten Famous Dishes of Poyang.” The local contest selected ten dishes from 20 candidates through online voting and expert review. In Poyang custom, chicken represents one of the “small three sacrificial animals.” [^pygov_food][^qq_food]\n\nChunks of free-range chicken are briefly seared in a hot wok, combined with fermented black beans and steamed over high heat. Home-style methods include steaming the chicken in an enamel bowl set above hot water beneath a rice steamer, or placing it inside the rice so it cooks as the rice cooks. The sauce is yellow and the meat tender. [^qq_food]", "url": "/concepts/poyang-black-bean-chicken.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "ar", "de", "en", "es", "fr", "hi", "id", "it", "ja", "ko", "ms", "nl", "pt", "ru", "th", "tr", "vi", "zh-hant" ], "conceptKind": "dish" }, { "id": "concept_poyang_brined_mandarin_fish", "type": "concept", "title": "Poyang Brined Mandarin Fish", "slug": "poyang-brined-mandarin-fish", "summary": "A banquet dish from Poyang made by salting mandarin fish in brine for several days, rinsing it, lightly frying it and finishing it over low heat. The cooked fish has a distinctive briny aroma and savory flavor. It was named one of Poyang's ten famous dishes in 2021.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-food" ], "tags": [], "sources": [ { "id": "pygov_food", "title": "Ten signature dishes and ten signature snacks of Poyang announced", "author": "Poyang County People's Government portal", "date": "2022-05", "url": "https://www.poyang.gov.cn/pyxwgxljj/zhengwudongtai4aueux/202205/b2e89048a032461bb94ac03625af4aa3.shtml", "locator": "lists of the ten dishes and ten snacks and the judging rules" }, { "id": "qq_food", "title": "The ten signature dishes and ten signature snacks of Poyang", "author": "Shangrao Culture and Tourism (Tencent News)", "date": "2023-12-09", "url": "https://news.qq.com/rain/a/20231209A03W7200", "locator": "ingredients, preparation and origins of each dish and snack" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-30T16:05:34+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-31T02:32:21+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 23, "body": "Brined mandarin fish is a common dish at banquets in Poyang. In 2021, it was named one of the “Ten Famous Dishes of Poyang.” The local contest selected ten dishes from 20 candidates through online voting and expert review. [^pygov_food]\n\nTo prepare it, mandarin fish is cured in salt brine for several days, rinsed, lightly fried in hot oil and then cooked over low heat. The finished skin has a distinctive briny aroma, while the fish is savory and fragrant. [^qq_food]", "url": "/concepts/poyang-brined-mandarin-fish.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "ar", "de", "en", "es", "fr", "hi", "id", "it", "ja", "ko", "ms", "nl", "pt", "ru", "th", "tr", "vi", "zh-hant" ], "conceptKind": "dish" }, { "id": "concept_poyang_north_steamed_pork", "type": "concept", "title": "Northern Poyang Steamed Pork with Rice Flour", "slug": "poyang-north-steamed-pork", "summary": "A farmhouse dish from northern Poyang made by steaming pork with alternating lean and fatty meat mixed with rice flour and sesame. A serving has four large pieces, each weighing at least three Chinese liang; the pork is tender and the coating fragrant. It was named one of Poyang's ten famous dishes in 2021.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-food" ], "tags": [], "sources": [ { "id": "pygov_food", "title": "Ten signature dishes and ten signature snacks of Poyang announced", "author": "Poyang County People's Government portal", "date": "2022-05", "url": "https://www.poyang.gov.cn/pyxwgxljj/zhengwudongtai4aueux/202205/b2e89048a032461bb94ac03625af4aa3.shtml", "locator": "lists of the ten dishes and ten snacks and the judging rules" }, { "id": "qq_food", "title": "The ten signature dishes and ten signature snacks of Poyang", "author": "Shangrao Culture and Tourism (Tencent News)", "date": "2023-12-09", "url": "https://news.qq.com/rain/a/20231209A03W7200", "locator": "ingredients, preparation and origins of each dish and snack" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-30T16:06:09+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-31T02:31:14+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 21, "body": "Northern Poyang steamed pork is a farmhouse-style dish popular in the northern part of Poyang. In 2021, it was named one of the “Ten Famous Dishes of Poyang.” The local contest selected ten dishes from 20 candidates through online voting and expert review. [^pygov_food]\n\nPork with alternating lean and fatty portions is mixed with rice flour and sesame, then steamed. A serving typically has four large pieces, each at least three Chinese liang (about 150 g). The meat is tender, the rice flour fragrant, and the dish has a rustic home-cooked style. [^qq_food]", "url": "/concepts/poyang-north-steamed-pork.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "ar", "de", "en", "es", "fr", "hi", "id", "it", "ja", "ko", "ms", "nl", "pt", "ru", "th", "tr", "vi", "zh-hant" ], "conceptKind": "dish" }, { "id": "concept_poyang_pig_blood_soup", "type": "concept", "title": "Poyang Pork and Sheep Blood Thick Soup", "slug": "poyang-pig-blood-soup", "summary": "A traditional Poyang thick soup made with pig's and sheep's blood, eaten during the local New Year. It was named one of Poyang's ten signature snacks in 2021. A local tourism account also cites a passage in Hong Mai's Yijian Zhi about a Raozhou vendor selling blood soup.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-food" ], "tags": [], "sources": [ { "id": "pygov_food", "title": "Ten signature dishes and ten signature snacks of Poyang announced", "author": "Poyang County People's Government portal", "date": "2022-05", "url": "https://www.poyang.gov.cn/pyxwgxljj/zhengwudongtai4aueux/202205/b2e89048a032461bb94ac03625af4aa3.shtml", "locator": "lists of the ten dishes and ten snacks and the judging rules" }, { "id": "qq_food", "title": "The ten signature dishes and ten signature snacks of Poyang", "author": "Shangrao Culture and Tourism (Tencent News)", "date": "2023-12-09", "url": "https://news.qq.com/rain/a/20231209A03W7200", "locator": "ingredients, preparation and origins of each dish and snack" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-30T16:06:12+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-31T02:29:52+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 21, "body": "Pig blood thick soup is a Poyang dish made with pig's and sheep's blood and traditionally eaten during the local New Year. In 2021, it was named one of the “Ten Signature Snacks of Poyang.” The local contest selected ten snacks from 20 candidates through online voting and expert review. [^pygov_food][^qq_food]\n\nShangrao Culture and Tourism cites Hong Mai's “Lu Sigong” story in Yijian Zhi: a vendor in Raozhou cooked pig's and sheep's blood into soup and sold it to support his family. The account presents this historical blood-soup passage as background to Poyang's thick soup and notes the ancient distinction between geng and huo, two kinds of soup or broth. [^qq_food]", "url": "/concepts/poyang-pig-blood-soup.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "ar", "de", "en", "es", "fr", "hi", "id", "it", "ja", "ko", "ms", "nl", "pt", "ru", "th", "tr", "vi", "zh-hant" ], "conceptKind": "food_dish" }, { "id": "concept_poyang_filled_candy", "type": "concept", "title": "Poyang Filled Maltose Candy", "slug": "poyang-filled-candy", "summary": "A traditional Poyang sweet with a maltose shell and black sesame filling, known for its crisp, soft and sweet texture. It was named one of Poyang's ten signature snacks in 2021; its making technique is listed as a Jiangxi provincial intangible cultural heritage representative project.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-food" ], "tags": [], "sources": [ { "id": "pygov_food", "title": "Ten signature dishes and ten signature snacks of Poyang announced", "author": "Poyang County People's Government portal", "date": "2022-05", "url": "https://www.poyang.gov.cn/pyxwgxljj/zhengwudongtai4aueux/202205/b2e89048a032461bb94ac03625af4aa3.shtml", "locator": "lists of the ten dishes and ten snacks and the judging rules" }, { "id": "qq_food", "title": "The ten signature dishes and ten signature snacks of Poyang", "author": "Shangrao Culture and Tourism (Tencent News)", "date": "2023-12-09", "url": "https://news.qq.com/rain/a/20231209A03W7200", "locator": "ingredients, preparation and origins of each dish and snack" }, { "id": "srxww_heritage", "title": "A thousand years of Poyang: one city of lake light", "author": "Shangrao News Network", "date": "2026-01-04", "url": "http://www.srxww.com/2026-01/04/content_41808.html", "locator": "section on intangible cultural heritage" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-30T16:05:53+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-31T02:28:17+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 21, "body": "Guangxin tang is a traditional sweet from Poyang, made with a maltose shell and black sesame filling. It is crisp, soft and sweet. In 2021, it was named one of the “Ten Signature Snacks of Poyang.” The local contest selected ten snacks from 20 candidates through online voting and expert review. [^pygov_food][^qq_food]\n\nThe technique for making guangxin tang is listed as a representative project of Jiangxi provincial intangible cultural heritage. The listed heritage is the making technique. [^srxww_heritage]", "url": "/concepts/poyang-filled-candy.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "ar", "de", "en", "es", "fr", "hi", "id", "it", "ja", "ko", "ms", "nl", "pt", "ru", "th", "tr", "vi", "zh-hant" ], "conceptKind": "food_dish" }, { "id": "concept_poyang_tianfanjie_rice_dumpling", "type": "concept", "title": "Tianfanjie Rice-Flour Dumpling", "slug": "poyang-tianfanjie-rice-dumpling", "summary": "A steamed dumpling from Tianfanjie Town, Poyang, made with a wrapper of high-quality Poyang Lake rice flour and a filling of chives, dried tofu and lean pork. Its wrapper is translucent and delicate, with a balanced softness and firmness. It was named one of Poyang's ten signature snacks in 2021.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-food" ], "tags": [], "sources": [ { "id": "pygov_food", "title": "Ten signature dishes and ten signature snacks of Poyang announced", "author": "Poyang County People's Government portal", "date": "2022-05", "url": "https://www.poyang.gov.cn/pyxwgxljj/zhengwudongtai4aueux/202205/b2e89048a032461bb94ac03625af4aa3.shtml", "locator": "lists of the ten dishes and ten snacks and the judging rules" }, { "id": "qq_food", "title": "The ten signature dishes and ten signature snacks of Poyang", "author": "Shangrao Culture and Tourism (Tencent News)", "date": "2023-12-09", "url": "https://news.qq.com/rain/a/20231209A03W7200", "locator": "ingredients, preparation and origins of each dish and snack" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-30T16:06:29+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-31T02:25:45+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 21, "body": "Tianfanjie rice-flour dumplings are named for Tianfanjie Town in Poyang. In 2021, they were selected as one of the “Ten Signature Snacks of Poyang.” The local contest chose ten snacks from 20 candidates through online voting and expert review. [^pygov_food]\n\nThe dumplings use high-quality rice flour from Poyang Lake for the wrapper and are filled with chives, dried tofu and lean pork before steaming. The wrapper is translucent and fine-textured, with a balanced softness and firmness; the finished dumpling is fragrant and distinctive in flavor. [^qq_food]", "url": "/concepts/poyang-tianfanjie-rice-dumpling.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "ar", "de", "en", "es", "fr", "hi", "id", "it", "ja", "ko", "ms", "nl", "pt", "ru", "th", "tr", "vi", "zh-hant" ], "conceptKind": "food_dish" }, { "id": "concept_poyang_yellow_catfish_noodles", "type": "concept", "title": "Yellow Catfish Rice Noodles", "slug": "poyang-yellow-catfish-noodles", "summary": "A Poyang noodle dish made with local rice noodles served in broth simmered from yellow catfish from Poyang Lake. Named one of Poyang's ten signature snacks in 2021, it is eaten year-round and described as a local food tradition passed down through generations.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-food" ], "tags": [], "sources": [ { "id": "pygov_food", "title": "Ten signature dishes and ten signature snacks of Poyang announced", "author": "Poyang County People's Government portal", "date": "2022-05", "url": "https://www.poyang.gov.cn/pyxwgxljj/zhengwudongtai4aueux/202205/b2e89048a032461bb94ac03625af4aa3.shtml", "locator": "lists of the ten dishes and ten snacks and the judging rules" }, { "id": "qq_food", "title": "The ten signature dishes and ten signature snacks of Poyang", "author": "Shangrao Culture and Tourism (Tencent News)", "date": "2023-12-09", "url": "https://news.qq.com/rain/a/20231209A03W7200", "locator": "ingredients, preparation and origins of each dish and snack" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-30T16:06:33+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-31T02:24:21+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 21, "body": "Yellow catfish rice noodles are a Poyang snack made by simmering yellow catfish from Poyang Lake to make broth and serving it with local rice noodles. In 2021, the dish was named one of the “Ten Signature Snacks of Poyang.” The local contest selected ten snacks from 20 candidates through online voting and expert review. [^pygov_food]\n\nThe fragrant fish broth is paired with smooth rice noodles; the fish flavor and rice aroma meet in each bite. Shangrao Culture and Tourism notes that people in the area enjoy this bowl throughout the year and regard its flavor as a food tradition passed down through generations. [^qq_food]", "url": "/concepts/poyang-yellow-catfish-noodles.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "ar", "de", "en", "es", "fr", "hi", "id", "it", "ja", "ko", "ms", "nl", "pt", "ru", "th", "tr", "vi", "zh-hant" ], "conceptKind": "food_dish" }, { "id": "concept_poyang_crayfish", "type": "concept", "title": "Poyang Crayfish", "slug": "poyang-crayfish", "summary": "A locally farmed crayfish dish from Poyang, selected among the “Ten Famous Dishes of Poyang” in 2021. The area has abundant waterways and suitable water quality and temperatures; its farmed crayfish are noted for thin shells, tender meat, rich roe and springy flesh.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-food" ], "tags": [], "sources": [ { "id": "pygov_food", "title": "Ten signature dishes and ten signature snacks of Poyang announced", "author": "Poyang County People's Government portal", "date": "2022-05", "url": "https://www.poyang.gov.cn/pyxwgxljj/zhengwudongtai4aueux/202205/b2e89048a032461bb94ac03625af4aa3.shtml", "locator": "lists of the ten dishes and ten snacks and the judging rules" }, { "id": "qq_food", "title": "The ten signature dishes and ten signature snacks of Poyang", "author": "Shangrao Culture and Tourism (Tencent News)", "date": "2023-12-09", "url": "https://news.qq.com/rain/a/20231209A03W7200", "locator": "ingredients, preparation and origins of each dish and snack" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-30T16:05:42+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-31T02:23:07+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 21, "body": "Poyang crayfish is a dish made with locally farmed crayfish. In 2021, it was selected as one of the “Ten Famous Dishes of Poyang.” The “Taste Raozhou” tourism food contest chose ten dishes from 20 candidates through online voting and expert review to promote local cuisine. [^pygov_food]\n\nShangrao Culture and Tourism describes Poyang as having abundant waterways, good water quality and temperatures suitable for crayfish farming. The locally raised crayfish are noted for thin shells, tender meat, clean-looking gills and undersides, rich roe and springy flesh. [^qq_food]", "url": "/concepts/poyang-crayfish.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "ar", "de", "en", "es", "fr", "hi", "id", "it", "ja", "ko", "ms", "nl", "pt", "ru", "th", "tr", "vi", "zh-hant" ], "conceptKind": "dish" }, { "id": "concept_poyang_fermented_rice_cake", "type": "concept", "title": "Jiushui Faba: Poyang Fermented Wheat Cake", "slug": "poyang-fermented-rice-cake", "summary": "A traditional fermented wheat cake from Poyang. Dough made with flour and water is fermented with either sweet fermented rice wine or saved starter, sweetened, shaped into a flat round and steamed. It is soft yet chewy; in 2021 it was named one of Poyang's ten signature snacks.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-food" ], "tags": [], "sources": [ { "id": "pygov_food", "title": "Ten signature dishes and ten signature snacks of Poyang announced", "author": "Poyang County People's Government portal", "date": "2022-05", "url": "https://www.poyang.gov.cn/pyxwgxljj/zhengwudongtai4aueux/202205/b2e89048a032461bb94ac03625af4aa3.shtml", "locator": "lists of the ten dishes and ten snacks and the judging rules" }, { "id": "qq_food", "title": "The ten signature dishes and ten signature snacks of Poyang", "author": "Shangrao Culture and Tourism (Tencent News)", "date": "2023-12-09", "url": "https://news.qq.com/rain/a/20231209A03W7200", "locator": "ingredients, preparation and origins of each dish and snack" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-30T16:05:50+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-31T02:21:37+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 21, "body": "Jiushui faba is a traditional fermented wheat cake from Poyang. In 2021, it was named one of the “Ten Signature Snacks of Poyang.” The local contest selected ten snacks from 20 candidates through online voting and expert review. [^pygov_food]\n\nTo make it, flour and water are kneaded together, then either sweet fermented rice wine or “old dough” starter saved from an earlier batch is added, along with some sugar. After fermentation, the dough is shaped into flat rounds and steamed. The cakes are tender, soft and springy, with a chewy texture. [^qq_food]", "url": "/concepts/poyang-fermented-rice-cake.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "ar", "de", "en", "es", "fr", "hi", "id", "it", "ja", "ko", "ms", "nl", "pt", "ru", "th", "tr", "vi", "zh-hant" ], "conceptKind": "food_dish" }, { "id": "concept_poyang_lihao", "type": "concept", "title": "Lihao (Poyang Wetland Herb)", "slug": "poyang-lihao", "summary": "Lihao is a wild herb growing in Poyang Lake wetlands. Its tender stems are eaten, and it is grouped with whitebait and chunbulao as the “Three Treasures of Poyang.” On the lake's eastern shore, it is commonly stir-fried with cured pork.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-food" ], "tags": [], "sources": [ { "id": "qq_food", "title": "The ten signature dishes and ten signature snacks of Poyang", "author": "Shangrao Culture and Tourism (Tencent News)", "date": "2023-12-09", "url": "https://news.qq.com/rain/a/20231209A03W7200", "locator": "ingredients, preparation and origins of each dish and snack" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-30T16:06:05+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-31T02:19:17+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 22, "body": "Lihao is a wild herb that grows in the wetlands around Poyang Lake. Local people eat its tender stems; together with whitebait and chunbulao, it is known as one of the “Three Treasures of Poyang.” [^qq_food]\n\nA characteristic dish on the eastern shore of the lake stir-fries lihao with cured pork. The pork's salty, savory flavor complements the herb's fragrant, vegetal aroma. The cooked greens remain bright, alongside the golden-brown pork. [^qq_food]", "url": "/concepts/poyang-lihao.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "ar", "de", "en", "es", "fr", "hi", "id", "it", "ja", "ko", "ms", "nl", "pt", "ru", "th", "tr", "vi", "zh-hant" ], "conceptKind": "specialty" }, { "id": "concept_poyang_doucong", "type": "concept", "title": "Doucong: Poyang Soybean Curd", "slug": "poyang-doucong", "summary": "Doucong is a soybean-based food from Poyang, especially associated with Yudunjie. It is commonly simmered with fresh fish head; the pieces absorb the rich broth and become plump and juicy.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-food" ], "tags": [], "sources": [ { "id": "qq_food", "title": "The ten signature dishes and ten signature snacks of Poyang", "author": "Shangrao Culture and Tourism (Tencent News)", "date": "2023-12-09", "url": "https://news.qq.com/rain/a/20231209A03W7200", "locator": "ingredients, preparation and origins of each dish and snack" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-30T16:05:48+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-31T02:18:12+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 22, "body": "Doucong is a soybean-based food from Poyang, with the version made in Yudunjie especially well known. It is often used in “fish head with doucong,” a dish in which it is simmered with fresh fish head. [^qq_food]\n\nAs it cooks, doucong absorbs the milky, concentrated broth released by the fish head and becomes plump and moist. The broth's savory sweetness infuses the pieces. [^qq_food]", "url": "/concepts/poyang-doucong.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "ar", "de", "en", "es", "fr", "hi", "id", "it", "ja", "ko", "ms", "nl", "pt", "ru", "th", "tr", "vi", "zh-hant" ], "conceptKind": "specialty" }, { "id": "concept_poyang_scallion_shortbread", "type": "concept", "title": "Poyang Scallion Pastry", "slug": "poyang-scallion-shortbread", "summary": "A traditional snack from Poyang. It was named a Chinese Famous Snack in 2018, and its making technique was listed in Shangrao's fifth batch of municipal intangible cultural heritage representative projects. In 2021 it was also selected among Poyang's ten signature snacks.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-food" ], "tags": [], "sources": [ { "id": "pygov_food", "title": "Ten signature dishes and ten signature snacks of Poyang announced", "author": "Poyang County People's Government portal", "date": "2022-05", "url": "https://www.poyang.gov.cn/pyxwgxljj/zhengwudongtai4aueux/202205/b2e89048a032461bb94ac03625af4aa3.shtml", "locator": "lists of the ten dishes and ten snacks and the judging rules" }, { "id": "qq_food", "title": "The ten signature dishes and ten signature snacks of Poyang", "author": "Shangrao Culture and Tourism (Tencent News)", "date": "2023-12-09", "url": "https://news.qq.com/rain/a/20231209A03W7200", "locator": "ingredients, preparation and origins of each dish and snack" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-30T16:06:14+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-31T02:16:53+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 21, "body": "Scallion pastry is a traditional snack from Poyang. In 2018, it was named a “Chinese Famous Snack,” and its making technique was included in Shangrao's fifth batch of municipal representative intangible cultural heritage projects. [^qq_food]\n\nIn 2021, it was also selected as one of the “Ten Signature Snacks of Poyang.” This was a local food-promotion contest: ten snacks were chosen from 20 candidates through online voting and expert review. [^pygov_food]", "url": "/concepts/poyang-scallion-shortbread.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "ar", "de", "en", "es", "fr", "hi", "id", "it", "ja", "ko", "ms", "nl", "pt", "ru", "th", "tr", "vi", "zh-hant" ], "conceptKind": "food_dish" }, { "id": "concept_henshin_item", "type": "concept", "title": "Transformation item (magical girl)", "slug": "magical-girl-henshin-item", "aliases": [ "变身道具", "変身アイテム", "Transformation item" ], "summary": "A transformation item is the object a girl uses to change from her everyday form into her magical girl form, and it is one of the most representative categories of licensed merchandise in the genre.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-acg" ], "tags": [ "tag-magical-girl" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "美少女戦士セーラームーン 30周年プロジェクト公式サイト", "author": "講談社・東映アニメーション", "url": "https://sailormoon-official.com/" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "バンダイ 公式サイト", "author": "株式会社バンダイ", "url": "https://www.bandai.co.jp/" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-31T01:19:50+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-31T02:16:35+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 70, "body": "The item turns the idea of transforming into a hand-held object. Common forms include a compact, a wand, a brooch, a transformation pen and cards. It usually triggers the transformation, summons a weapon or stores energy, and is tied to the character's own colours and costume design.\n\n## Merchandising\n\nToy companies develop the items as toys with sound and light mechanisms and sell them in series tied to each work: Bandai has released Sailor Moon transformation toys since 1992 and Pretty Cure ones since 2004. Figure makers also sculpt the character together with the item, as in Good Smile Company's Nendoroid line.\n\nSee also：[[concept_magical_girl|Magical girl]]、[[work_sailor_moon_henshin_toys|Sailor Moon transformation toys]]、[[work_pretty_cure_henshin_toys|Pretty Cure transformation toys]]、[[work_madoka_magica_nendoroid|Nendoroid Puella Magi Madoka Magica series]]\n\nSee also：[[concept_magical_girl|Magical girl]]、[[work_sailor_moon_henshin_toys|Sailor Moon transformation toys]]、[[work_pretty_cure_henshin_toys|Pretty Cure transformation toys]]、[[work_madoka_magica_nendoroid|Nendoroid Puella Magi Madoka Magica series]]\n\nSee also：[[concept_magical_girl|Magical girl]]、[[work_sailor_moon_henshin_toys|Sailor Moon transformation toys]]、[[work_pretty_cure_henshin_toys|Pretty Cure transformation toys]]、[[work_madoka_magica_nendoroid|Nendoroid Puella Magi Madoka Magica series]] \u003c!-- see-also --\u003e", "url": "/concepts/magical-girl-henshin-item.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "ar", "de", "en", "es", "fr", "hi", "id", "it", "ja", "ko", "ms", "nl", "pt", "ru", "th", "tr", "vi", "zh-hant" ], "conceptKind": "term", "scopeNote": "指魔法少女题材中角色由日常形态转换为魔法少女形态时使用的道具，及其作为授权商品的形态。" }, { "id": "concept_poyang_fried_rice_noodles", "type": "concept", "title": "Poyang Fried Rice Noodles", "slug": "poyang-fried-rice-noodles", "aliases": [ "鄱阳炒粉" ], "summary": "A rice-noodle dish from Poyang County, Jiangxi, made with locally produced noodles described as fine-textured and resilient during boiling and stir-frying. It was named one of Poyang’s Top Ten Famous Snacks in a local contest in 2021; the title is not national intangible heritage status.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-food" ], "tags": [], "sources": [ { "id": "pygov_food", "title": "“鄱阳十大名菜与十大名小吃”揭晓", "author": "鄱阳县人民政府门户网", "date": "2022-05", "url": "https://www.poyang.gov.cn/pyxwgxljj/zhengwudongtai4aueux/202205/b2e89048a032461bb94ac03625af4aa3.shtml", "locator": "“鄱阳十大名小吃”名单、2021年评选活动及评审方式" }, { "id": "qq_food", "title": "“鄱阳十大名菜”与“十大名小吃”，哪一道是你的最爱？", "author": "上饶文旅（腾讯新闻）", "date": "2023-12-09", "url": "https://news.qq.com/rain/a/20231209A03W7200", "locator": "鄱阳炒粉所用米粉的特点及“久煮不烂、久炒不碎”的描述" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-30T16:06:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-31T02:11:05+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 22, "body": "Poyang fried rice noodles are a dish from Poyang County, Jiangxi, made with locally produced rice noodles. They are described as fine-textured and resilient: they hold up during boiling and do not readily break during extended stir-frying. [^qq_food]\n\n## Ingredient and texture\n\nThe dish uses a locally made Poyang rice noodle noted for its light colour, fine texture and firmness. Its ability to withstand boiling and prolonged stir-frying is a defining characteristic. [^qq_food]\n\n## Local food-contest recognition\n\nIn 2021, the dish was named one of the “Top Ten Famous Snacks of Poyang” at the first Wenheli tourism food contest, “Taste Raozhou.” The Poyang County government says ten snacks were selected from 20 candidates through online voting and expert review to promote local cuisine. This is a local food-contest title, not recognition as national intangible cultural heritage. [^pygov_food]", "url": "/concepts/poyang-fried-rice-noodles.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "ar", "de", "en", "es", "fr", "hi", "id", "it", "ja", "ko", "ms", "nl", "pt", "ru", "th", "tr", "vi", "zh-hant" ], "conceptKind": "food_dish", "scopeNote": "This entry describes Poyang fried rice noodles and their local food-contest recognition; the local title is not a national intangible cultural heritage designation.", "relatedTerms": [ "Poyang", "Jiangxi cuisine", "rice noodles" ] }, { "id": "concept_poyang_youtiao_maci", "type": "concept", "title": "Poyang Youtiao with Maci", "slug": "poyang-youtiao-maci", "aliases": [ "油条包麻糍" ], "summary": "A snack from Poyang, Jiangxi, combining a crisp youtiao (fried dough stick) with soft, sweet maci, a glutinous rice cake. It was named one of Poyang’s Top Ten Famous Snacks in a local food contest in 2021; the title is a local award, not national intangible heritage status.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-food" ], "tags": [], "sources": [ { "id": "pygov_food", "title": "“鄱阳十大名菜与十大名小吃”揭晓", "author": "鄱阳县人民政府门户网", "date": "2022-05", "url": "https://www.poyang.gov.cn/pyxwgxljj/zhengwudongtai4aueux/202205/b2e89048a032461bb94ac03625af4aa3.shtml", "locator": "“鄱阳十大名小吃”名单、2021年评选活动及评审方式" }, { "id": "qq_food", "title": "“鄱阳十大名菜”与“十大名小吃”，哪一道是你的最爱？", "author": "上饶文旅（腾讯新闻）", "date": "2023-12-09", "url": "https://news.qq.com/rain/a/20231209A03W7200", "locator": "油条包麻糍的油条与麻糍组合及酥脆、甜糯口感" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-30T16:06:36+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-31T02:09:17+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 22, "body": "Poyang youtiao with maci is a snack from Poyang County, Jiangxi. It combines a crisp youtiao, or fried dough stick, with maci, a soft and sweet glutinous rice cake. The contrast between the crisp exterior and soft, sticky centre is its defining feature. [^qq_food]\n\n## Preparation and texture\n\nThe snack is made by placing or wrapping maci in a youtiao. Its crispness, soft sticky texture and sweetness are eaten together with the fried dough’s savoury aroma. [^qq_food]\n\n## Local food-contest recognition\n\nIn 2021, it was named one of the “Top Ten Famous Snacks of Poyang” at the first Wenheli tourism food contest, “Taste Raozhou.” The Poyang County government says ten snacks were selected from 20 candidates through online voting and expert review to promote local cuisine. This is a local food-contest title, not recognition as national intangible cultural heritage. [^pygov_food]", "url": "/concepts/poyang-youtiao-maci.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "ar", "de", "en", "es", "fr", "hi", "id", "it", "ja", "ko", "ms", "nl", "pt", "ru", "th", "tr", "vi", "zh-hant" ], "conceptKind": "food_dish", "scopeNote": "This entry covers a Poyang snack and its local food-contest recognition; the local title is not an intangible cultural heritage designation.", "relatedTerms": [ "Poyang", "Jiangxi cuisine", "maci" ] }, { "id": "concept_luosifen", "type": "concept", "title": "Luosifen", "slug": "luosifen", "aliases": [ "螺蛳粉" ], "summary": "Luosifen is a rice-noodle dish from Liuzhou, Guangxi, served with river-snail broth, sour bamboo shoots, pickled beans, wood-ear mushrooms, peanuts and tofu skin. Its making technique entered China's national intangible cultural heritage list in 2021; Liuzhou's first packaged-product company appeared in late 2014.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-food" ], "tags": [], "sources": [ { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "螺蛳粉（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%9E%BA%E8%9B%B3%E7%B2%89" }, { "id": "xinhua-liuzhou-2024", "title": "新华社聚焦：一碗螺蛳粉“嗦”出百亿大产业", "author": "新华社；柳州市人民政府转载", "date": "2024-12-20", "url": "http://www.liuzhou.gov.cn/sjzt/zxzt/zwzt/dlfzsfjj/lsfcyfz/202412/t20241220_3567476.shtml", "locator": "常见配料、流传的起源说法、2021年国家级非遗、2014年底袋装企业及产业化发展" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-31T01:54:38+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-31T02:06:07+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 23, "body": "Luosifen is a rice-noodle dish from Liuzhou, Guangxi. It is served with broth simmered with river snails and commonly topped with sour bamboo shoots, pickled long beans, wood-ear mushrooms, peanuts, tofu skin and greens. Its flavor is sour, spicy and savory; the distinctive aroma comes from fermented bamboo shoots. The broth is usually snail-based, although a bowl generally contains no snail meat. [^zhwiki][^xinhua-liuzhou-2024]\n\n## Preparation and ingredients\n\nRice noodles are served with snail broth and a variety of toppings. A Xinhua report republished by the Liuzhou municipal government lists sour bamboo shoots, pickled beans, wood-ear mushrooms, peanuts and tofu skin among common ingredients. The broth is slowly simmered with multiple seasonings. Ingredients, heat level and broth methods vary among shops and packaged products. [^xinhua-liuzhou-2024]\n\n## Origins and heritage\n\nRice noodles and river snails have long been paired in Liuzhou. One widely circulated account says that night-market vendors combined noodles with snail broth in the 1970s or 1980s; this is not established as the sole origin. The technique for making Liuzhou luosifen was included in China's fifth national list of representative intangible cultural heritage items in 2021. [^xinhua-liuzhou-2024]\n\n## Packaged products and industry\n\nLiuzhou's first packaged-luosifen company was established in late 2014. In 2015, the city promoted industrialization, standardization, branding and scaling up of the sector. Packaged products can be manufactured, transported and stored at scale, helping the local dish reach other parts of China and overseas. The industry has also supported ingredient farming, food processing and online retail. [^xinhua-liuzhou-2024]", "url": "/concepts/luosifen.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "ar", "de", "en", "es", "fr", "hi", "id", "it", "ja", "ko", "ms", "nl", "pt", "ru", "th", "tr", "vi", "zh-hant" ], "conceptKind": "food_dish" }, { "id": "concept_democracy", "type": "concept", "title": "Democracy", "slug": "democracy", "aliases": [ "民主" ], "summary": "Democracy is a political concept concerning the source of public authority, governance and public participation; its meaning varies by historical context. Political terms in modern China changed over time, so uses in *New Youth* must be read in context.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-literature" ], "tags": [ "tag-modern-china", "tag-education" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "民主（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/民主" }, { "id": "udhr-article21", "title": "世界人权宣言：第21条", "author": "联合国", "url": "https://www.un.org/en/about-us/universal-declaration-of-human-rights", "locator": "参与本国政府、平等参与公共服务及以定期真实选举表达人民意志" }, { "id": "cuhk-newyouth-democracy-1999", "title": "《新青年》民主观念的演变", "author": "金观涛；刘青峰", "date": "1999-12", "url": "http://www.cuhk.edu.hk/ics/21c/media/articles/c056-199910047.pdf", "locator": "晚清至新文化运动时期“民主”等政治术语的演变，以及《新青年》等刊物相关词频研究" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-31T02:05:17+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-31T02:06:06+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 22, "body": "Democracy is a political concept concerning the source of public authority, forms of governance and public participation. Its definitions and institutional practices vary across historical and political contexts. Article 21 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights lists participation in government, equal access to public service and the expression of the people’s will through periodic and genuine elections as related principles. This is one modern international normative formulation, not an exhaustive definition of all democratic theories. [^udhr-article21]\n\n## Modern Chinese context\n\nPolitical writing in modern China used terms such as “democracy,” “government by the people,” “people’s rights” and “republic” for different political claims; their meanings shifted over time. A study of *New Youth* traces the use and change of these terms from the late Qing period through the New Culture Movement and cautions against treating every author’s or period’s use of “democracy” as identical. [^cuhk-newyouth-democracy-1999]\n\n## The New Culture Movement and *New Youth*\n\nDemocracy was one topic discussed during the New Culture Movement, and *New Youth* was a platform for circulating related ideas. The study compares word frequencies in *New Youth* and other periodicals and finds that “democracy” appeared less often than “science”; it uses this observation to discuss the two ideas’ relative position in the discourse of the time. Such counts reflect particular publications, periods and word choices and cannot by themselves establish the overall importance of an idea. [^cuhk-newyouth-democracy-1999]\n\n## Reading the term\n\nInterpret “democracy” in relation to the specific text, author and period. Modern international principles of political participation relate to, but are not the same as, the historical changes in Chinese political terminology.", "url": "/concepts/democracy.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "ar", "de", "en", "es", "fr", "hi", "id", "it", "ja", "ko", "ms", "nl", "pt", "ru", "th", "tr", "vi", "zh-hant" ], "conceptKind": "term", "scopeNote": "This entry focuses on ideas about democracy in the Chinese context of the New Culture Movement; it does not cover the full range of democratic theory.", "relatedTerms": [ "Science", "government by the people", "republic" ] }, { "id": "concept_shengjian", "type": "concept", "title": "Shengjian Mantou", "slug": "shengjian-mantou", "aliases": [ "Shengjian Mantou", "生煎", "生煎包" ], "summary": "Shengjian is a pan-fried filled bun common in Shanghai and the Jiangnan region. Shanghai intangible-heritage records describe its early sale in teahouses, specialist shops after the 1930s, and two local styles.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-food" ], "tags": [], "sources": [ { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "生煎馒头（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%85%8E%E9%A6%92%E5%A4%B4" }, { "id": "sh-ich", "title": "生煎馒头制作技艺", "author": "上海市文化和旅游局", "date": "2025-04-17", "url": "https://www.meet-in-shanghai.net/cn/intangible-cultural-heritage/raw-fried-steamed-bun-making-skills-004412/", "locator": "生煎馒头制作技艺项目级别、历史、流派及东泰祥半发酵酱汤型技艺介绍" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-31T01:50:38+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-31T01:50:38+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 20, "body": "Shengjian mantou, also called shengjian bao, is a filled bun commonly eaten as a snack or breakfast in Shanghai and the Jiangnan region. It is pan-fried, usually until the base is golden; common ingredients include pork, sesame and scallions. [^zhwiki][^sh-ich]\n\n## History\n\nThe Shanghai Culture and Tourism Promotion Network lists shengjian mantou making skills as a municipal intangible cultural heritage item, classified as a traditional craft in Huangpu District in 2019. It describes shengjian as having a history of about a century in Shanghai. Teahouses and hot-water shops first sold it alongside other snacks; specialist shengjian shops appeared after the 1930s. Its precise origin is unknown. [^sh-ich]\n\nThe same source records that the Dongtaixiang shop began around the 1920s near Hengbang Bridge in Hongkou. Its semi-fermented dough and soy-seasoned, broth-rich style were passed on through teacher–apprentice training. This is one shop's transmission history, not the sole origin of shengjian as a whole. [^sh-ich]\n\n## Preparation and styles\n\nA common method wraps pork filling in dough, places each bun seam-side down in a pan, fries it with water added in stages, then finishes it with sesame and scallions. Shanghai shengjian is often grouped into “mixed-water” and “clear-water” styles. The former usually contains pork-skin aspic in the filling and has more broth; the latter omits the aspic and has less broth. Shops also differ in dough fermentation, seasoning and frying. [^zhwiki][^sh-ich]", "url": "/concepts/shengjian-mantou.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "ar", "de", "en", "es", "fr", "hi", "id", "it", "ja", "ko", "ms", "nl", "pt", "ru", "th", "tr", "vi", "zh-hant" ], "conceptKind": "dish" }, { "id": "concept_duck_blood_soup", "type": "concept", "title": "Nanjing Duck Blood and Vermicelli Soup", "slug": "duck-blood-vermicelli-soup", "aliases": [ "Nanjing Duck Blood and Vermicelli Soup", "鸭血粉丝汤", "老鸭粉丝汤" ], "summary": "A Nanjing soup of duck blood, offal, glass noodles and tofu puffs in duck broth. Duck blood soup was already popular locally; the date and creator of the vermicelli version remain uncertain.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-food" ], "tags": [], "sources": [ { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "鸭血粉丝汤（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%B8%AD%E8%A1%80%E7%B2%89%E4%B8%9D%E6%B1%A4" }, { "id": "nanjing-chronicle-2025", "title": "南京记忆｜探源金陵“鸭血粉丝汤”", "author": "南京市地方志工作办公室", "date": "2025-06-11", "url": "https://dfz.nanjing.gov.cn/gzdt/202506/t20250611_5583425.html", "locator": "南京鸭血汤的早期流行、鸭血粉丝汤的不同起源说法及粉丝、豆腐果加入时间" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-31T01:47:17+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-31T01:47:17+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 20, "body": "Duck blood and vermicelli soup is a Nanjing, Jiangsu, dish made with duck blood, duck liver and intestines, glass noodles and fried tofu puffs in duck broth. It is often called “old duck vermicelli soup”; ingredients and methods vary by shop. Chilli oil and coriander may be added at the table. [^zhwiki]\n\n## History\n\nThe Nanjing Municipal Local Chronicles Office notes that duck blood soup appeared in Nanjing food rhymes around the 1940s. Local recollections describe duck blood soup stalls in the city's southern streets after the war. Earlier versions could include duck intestines and liver and were eaten with baked flatbread, steamed buns or fried dough. [^nanjing-chronicle-2025]\n\nThe exact date and creator of duck blood and vermicelli soup are unsettled. A local chronicles article suggests that adding vermicelli and tofu puffs may have followed a street vendor's practice in Zhenjiang in the mid-1990s. The article presents this as a possibility, not a confirmed single origin. [^nanjing-chronicle-2025]\n\n## Preparation\n\nA common method is to heat duck blood and tofu puffs in prepared duck broth. Glass noodles are softened separately in the hot broth using a strainer, then served with duck liver, intestines and other ingredients. Chilli oil and coriander are common seasonings. Shops vary in their choice of offal, vegetables and condiments. [^zhwiki]\n\n## Availability\n\nThe soup is sold at restaurants and snack stalls in Nanjing. Local chronicles material mentions shops around the Confucius Temple and Laomendong areas; it remains a common local soup dish. [^nanjing-chronicle-2025]", "url": "/concepts/duck-blood-vermicelli-soup.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "ar", "de", "en", "es", "fr", "hi", "id", "it", "ja", "ko", "ms", "nl", "pt", "ru", "th", "tr", "vi", "zh-hant" ], "conceptKind": "dish" }, { "customFields": [ { "key": "line_opened", "value": "2025年12月27日" }, { "key": "line_length", "value": "约19.8公里" }, { "key": "line_stations", "value": "11" }, { "key": "line_termini", "value": "马连洼站—天通苑东站" }, { "key": "line_status", "value": "运营中" } ], "id": "concept_beijing_metro_line_18", "type": "concept", "title": "Beijing Subway Line 18", "slug": "beijing-metro-line-18", "aliases": [ "北京轨道交通18号线", "北京地铁十八号线", "Line 18 (Beijing Subway)" ], "summary": "A major east–west line in northern Beijing linking Malianwa with Tiantongyuan East and serving Zhongguancun Software Park, Huilongguan and Tiantongyuan. The 19.8 km section opened in 2025 with 11 stations.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-transit", "category-urban-rail" ], "tags": [ "tag-metro", "tag-metro-line" ], "sources": [ { "id": "beijing-fgw-202512", "title": "北京市发展和改革委员会：18号线开通，构建“回天地区”快速通勤廊道（2025年12月30日）", "url": "https://fgw.beijing.gov.cn/gzdt/fgzs/gzdt/202512/t20251230_4379117.htm", "locator": "线路属性、开通区段、里程、车站、换乘及通勤功能，访问于2026-10-31" }, { "id": "construction-origin", "title": "新京报：地铁18号线开通在即，昌平区申请一车站更名（2025年12月5日）", "url": "https://www.bjnews.com.cn/detail-1764904578129777.html", "locator": "线路为13号线扩能提升工程部分区间，站名及线路背景，访问于2026-10-31" }, { "id": "mtr-network-stations", "title": "北京京港地铁：18号线路网车站站间距信息", "url": "https://www.mtr.bj.cn/service/line/distable/line-18.html", "locator": "北京市路网站间相邻关系；京港地铁发布的路网资料不表示其为18号线运营方" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-31T01:40:24+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-31T01:40:24+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 26, "body": "## Overview\n\nBeijing Subway Line 18 is a major east–west route in northern Beijing, linking Malianwa in Haidian District with Tiantongyuan East in Changping District. The section crosses both districts and began trial operation on 27 December 2025. It is about 19.8 km long with 11 stations and uses part of the Line 13 capacity-expansion project. [^beijing-fgw-202512][^construction-origin]\n\n## Stations\n\nFrom Malianwa toward Tiantongyuan East: Malianwa, Shangdi Software Park, Dongbeiwang, Longze West, Huilongguan West Street, Wenhua Road, Huilongguan East Street, Huoying East, Tiantongyuan, Taipingzhuang and Tiantongyuan East. [^mtr-network-stations]\n\n## Transfers\n\nThe opened section has four interchange stations: Malianwa with Line 16, Huilongguan East Street with Line 8, Tiantongyuan with Line 5, and Tiantongyuan East with Line 17. [^beijing-fgw-202512]\n\n## Commuter role\n\nThe line links Zhongguancun Software Park with major residential areas in Huilongguan and Tiantongyuan, creating an east–west commuter corridor in northern Beijing and improving rail access from the “Huitian” area to the software park. For current first/last trains and service arrangements, consult the operator's latest notices; planned times reported around opening are not a current timetable. [^beijing-fgw-202512]", "url": "/concepts/beijing-metro-line-18.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "ar", "de", "en", "es", "fr", "hi", "id", "it", "ja", "ko", "ms", "nl", "pt", "ru", "th", "tr", "vi", "zh-hant" ], "conceptKind": "metro_line" }, { "customFields": [ { "key": "line_opened", "value": "2023年6月28日" }, { "key": "line_length", "value": "17.29公里（一期）" }, { "key": "line_stations", "value": "8（一期）" }, { "key": "line_termini", "value": "湘潭北站—大王山站（一期）" } ], "id": "concept_changzhutan_intercity_west_ring", "type": "concept", "title": "Changsha–Zhuzhou–Xiangtan Intercity Rail West Ring Line", "slug": "changzhutan-intercity-west-ring", "summary": "The first phase runs north–south between Xiangtan North and Dawangshan in Changsha. Opened in 2023, it is 17.29 km long with eight stations and through-runs with Changsha Metro Line 3; the cities are connected in just over 20 minutes.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-transit", "category-urban-rail" ], "tags": [ "tag-metro", "tag-metro-line" ], "sources": [ { "id": "changsha-sasac-20230630", "title": "湖南省政府转载长沙市国资委：长株潭城际轨道交通西环线一期工程开通运行", "date": "2023-06-30", "url": "https://www.hunan.gov.cn/topic/2023ztr/sxdt/202307/t20230705_29392883.html", "locator": "线路走向、里程、车站与结构、运营主体、贯通运营及跨市互联信息，访问于2026-10-31" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-30T04:10:42+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-31T01:35:36+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 61, "body": "## Overview\n\nThe first phase of the Changsha–Zhuzhou–Xiangtan Intercity Rail West Ring Line runs north–south between Xiangtan North station and Dawangshan in Changsha. It opened on 28 June 2023, is 17.29 km long and has eight stations. It through-runs with Changsha Metro Line 3; the official account says Changsha and Xiangtan are connected in just over 20 minutes. [^changsha-sasac-20230630]\n\n## Stations and structure\n\nFrom south to north, the phase-one stations are Xiangtan North, Chuanshingshan, Huangjiawan, Shuanghu, Pingtang, Hongqiao, Tongxi and Dawangshan. Four stations are underground and four are elevated; the line has two interchange stations. The cited notice does not identify those two stations by name. [^changsha-sasac-20230630]\n\n## Operations and intercity travel\n\nThe West Ring Line company entrusts operations to an operating company under Changsha Rail Transit Group. Through operation with Changsha Metro Line 3 provides an intercity rail option for Changsha and Xiangtan residents. Length, station configuration and travel-time statements here refer to phase one and its opening announcement; consult current operator information before travelling. [^changsha-sasac-20230630]", "url": "/concepts/changzhutan-intercity-west-ring.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "ar", "de", "en", "es", "fr", "hi", "id", "it", "ja", "ko", "ms", "nl", "pt", "ru", "th", "tr", "vi", "zh-hant" ], "conceptKind": "metro_line" }, { "customFields": [ { "key": "line_opened", "value": "1999-06-30" }, { "key": "line_termini", "value": "장산 ~ 양산" }, { "key": "line_operator", "value": "부산교통공사" }, { "key": "line_status", "value": "운영 중" }, { "key": "line_length", "value": "45.2km" }, { "key": "line_stations", "value": "43" } ], "id": "concept_busan_metro_line_2", "type": "concept", "title": "Busan Metro Line 2", "slug": "busan-metro-line-2", "summary": "An east–west line operated by Busan Transportation Corporation, linking Jangsan in Haeundae with Yangsan in South Gyeongsang. It is about 45.2 km long, has 43 stations and connects with Lines 1 and 3 and the Busan–Gimhae Light Rail.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-transit", "category-urban-rail" ], "tags": [ "tag-metro", "tag-metro-line" ], "sources": [ { "id": "ko-wiki", "title": "釜山城市铁道2号线", "url": "https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B6%80%EC%82%B0%20%EB%8F%84%EC%8B%9C%EC%B2%A0%EB%8F%84%202%ED%98%B8%EC%84%A0", "locator": "路线概况、运营主体、开通与延伸、换乘站，访问于2026-10-31" }, { "id": "line2-stations", "title": "Busan Metro Line 2", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Busan_Metro_Line_2", "locator": "站序及线路沿革，访问于2026-10-31" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-31T01:32:32+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-31T01:32:32+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 23, "body": "## Overview\n\nBusan Metro Line 2 is operated by Busan Transportation Corporation and links Jangsan in eastern Busan's Haeundae District with Yangsan in South Gyeongsang Province. The line is about 45.2 km long with 43 stations. Its first section opened on 30 June 1999; the line was later extended into Yangsan. [^ko-wiki][^line2-stations]\n\n## Route and transfers\n\nFrom Jangsan, the line runs west through Haeundae, Centum City, Gwangan, Kyungsung University–Pukyong National University, Jeonpo, Seomyeon, Gaya, Gaegeum, Sasang and Deokcheon, then turns north into Yangsan. Suyeong connects with Line 3, Seomyeon with Line 1 and Sasang with the Busan–Gimhae Light Rail. [^ko-wiki][^line2-stations]\n\n## Station order\n\nJangsan - Jung-dong - Haeundae - Dongbaek - BEXCO - Centum City - Millak - Suyeong - Gwangan - Geumnyeonsan - Namcheon - Kyungsung University–Pukyong National University - Daeyeon - Motgol - Jiyegol - Munhyeon - Busan International Finance Center–Busan Bank - Jeonpo - Seomyeon - Buam - Gaya - Dong-eui University - Gaegeum - Naengjeong - Jurye - Gamjeon - Sasang - Deokpo - Modeok - Mora - Gunam - Gumyeong - Deokcheon - Sujeong - Hwamyeong - Yulli - Dongwon - Geumgok - Hopo - Jeungsan - Pusan National University Yangsan Campus - Namyangsan - Yangsan. [^line2-stations]\n\n## Service note\n\nThe line and stations opened in phases, so historical opening and service data should be tied to the relevant section and year. Current fares, timetables and temporary arrangements may change; check current operator information. [^ko-wiki]", "url": "/concepts/busan-metro-line-2.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "ar", "de", "en", "es", "fr", "hi", "id", "it", "ja", "ko", "ms", "nl", "pt", "ru", "th", "tr", "vi", "zh-hant" ], "conceptKind": "metro_line" }, { "customFields": [ { "key": "line_opened", "value": "2017年12月30日" }, { "key": "line_length", "value": "约9公里（2017年开通时）" }, { "key": "line_termini", "value": "香山站—巴沟站" }, { "key": "line_stations", "value": "6" } ], "id": "concept_beijing_metro_line_xijiaoxian", "type": "concept", "title": "Beijing Xijiao Line", "slug": "beijing-metro-line-xijiaoxian", "summary": "A modern tram line linking Bagou and Xiangshan in Haidian District. It began trial service in 2017, is about 9 km long and has six stations. Initial service data is historical.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-transit", "category-urban-rail" ], "tags": [ "tag-metro", "tag-metro-line" ], "sources": [ { "id": "cptond", "title": "CPTOND-2025 — Wang, Liang 等 (CC BY 4.0)", "url": "https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.29377427.v2", "locator": "Beijing/beijing_metro_routes.shp; DBF rows 16,64; status=1" }, { "id": "operator-review", "title": "Beijing Subway — Wikipedia", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing_Subway", "locator": "运营者及当前线路表；仅用于运营者信息核对，不用于车站覆盖。检索于2026-10-24；CC BY-SA 4.0。" }, { "id": "opening-20171230", "title": "北京青年报：三条地铁新线开通，首末车时间公布（新华网转载）", "date": "2017-12-30", "url": "https://www.xinhuanet.com/politics/2017-12/30/c_1122188643.htm", "locator": "西郊线开通初期站序、端点首末班和发车间隔；当时国家植物园站名为植物园站。" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-31T01:29:26+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-31T01:29:26+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 22, "body": "## Overview\n\nBeijing Xijiao Line is a modern tram line in Haidian District, Beijing, linking Bagou with Xiangshan and serving destinations including Xiangshan, the National Botanical Garden and the west gate of the Summer Palace. Trial service began on 30 December 2017. At opening, the line was about 9 km long with six stations. [^opening-20171230]\n\n## Stations\n\nFrom Xiangshan toward Bagou: Xiangshan; National Botanical Garden (called Botanical Garden at opening); Wanan; Chapeng; Summer Palace West Gate; Bagou. [^opening-20171230]\n\n## Initial service data\n\nThe following figures were announced for the 2017 opening period and are not a current timetable: first/last departures at Bagou were 05:30/22:30, and at Xiangshan 06:00/23:00. Headways were about 10 minutes at peak and 12 minutes off-peak; average one-way travel time was about 32 minutes. Service may change; check current operator notices. [^opening-20171230]", "url": "/concepts/beijing-metro-line-xijiaoxian.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "ar", "de", "en", "es", "fr", "hi", "id", "it", "ja", "ko", "ms", "nl", "pt", "ru", "th", "tr", "vi", "zh-hant" ], "conceptKind": "metro_line" }, { "customFields": [ { "key": "line_opened", "value": "1985-07-19" }, { "key": "line_termini", "value": "노포 ~ 다대포해수욕장" }, { "key": "line_operator", "value": "부산교통공사" }, { "key": "line_status", "value": "운영 중" }, { "key": "line_length", "value": "40.5km" }, { "key": "line_stations", "value": "40" } ], "id": "concept_busan_metro_line_1", "type": "concept", "title": "Busan Metro Line 1", "slug": "busan-metro-line-1", "summary": "A north–south metro line operated by Busan Transportation Corporation, linking Dadaepo Beach with Nopo. It is about 40.5 km long, has 40 stations and opened in 1985.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-transit", "category-urban-rail" ], "tags": [ "tag-metro", "tag-metro-line" ], "sources": [ { "id": "ko-wiki", "title": "釜山城市铁道1号线", "url": "https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B6%80%EC%82%B0%20%EB%8F%84%EC%8B%9C%EC%B2%A0%EB%8F%84%201%ED%98%B8%EC%84%A0", "locator": "线路概况、开通日期、站点、换乘及沿线信息，访问于2026-10-31" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-31T01:26:54+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-31T01:26:54+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 23, "body": "## Overview\n\nBusan Metro Line 1 is operated by Busan Transportation Corporation. It links Dadaepo Beach in southwestern Busan with Nopo at the northeastern end. The line is about 40.5 km long and has 40 stations; its first section opened on 19 July 1985. [^ko-wiki]\n\n## Route and transfers\n\nFrom Dadaepo Beach, the line runs northeast through Saha-gu, Busanjin-gu, the Busan Station area, Yeonje-gu, Dongnae-gu and Geumjeong-gu to Nopo. Seomyeon connects with Line 2, Yeonsan with Line 3 and Dongnae with Line 4. Busan Station connects to the national railway network, while Nopo is near the intercity bus terminal. [^ko-wiki]\n\n## Station order\n\nDadaepo Beach - Dadaepo Port - Natgae - Sinjangnim - Jangnim - Dongmae - Sinpyeong - Hadan - Dangni - Saha - Goejeong - Daeti - Seodaesin - Dongdaesin - Toseong - Jagalchi - Nampo - Jungang - Busan Station - Choryang - Busanjin - Jwacheon - Beomil - Beomnaegol - Seomyeon - Bujeon - Yangjeong - City Hall - Yeonsan - Busan National University of Education - Dongnae - Myeongnyun - Oncheonjang - Pusan National University - Jangjeon - Guseo - Dusil - Namsan - Beomeosa - Nopo. [^ko-wiki]\n\nTrain times, fares and station services may change; consult current information from the operator before travelling.", "url": "/concepts/busan-metro-line-1.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "ar", "de", "en", "es", "fr", "hi", "id", "it", "ja", "ko", "ms", "nl", "pt", "ru", "th", "tr", "vi", "zh-hant" ], "conceptKind": "metro_line" }, { "customFields": [ { "key": "line_opened", "value": "2011" }, { "key": "line_termini", "value": "사상 ~ 가야대" }, { "key": "line_operator", "value": "부산김해경전철 주식회사" }, { "key": "line_status", "value": "운영 중" }, { "key": "line_length", "value": "23.9km" }, { "key": "line_stations", "value": "21" } ], "id": "concept_busan_gimhae_gyeongjeon", "type": "concept", "title": "Busan–Gimhae Light Rail Transit", "slug": "busan-gimhae-gyeongjeon", "summary": "A 21-station light rail line linking Sasang in Busan with Kaya University in Gimhae. It connects with Busan Metro at Sasang and Daejeo and serves Gimhae International Airport via Airport station.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-transit", "category-urban-rail" ], "tags": [ "tag-metro", "tag-metro-line" ], "sources": [ { "id": "ko-wiki", "title": "釜山—金海轻轨", "url": "https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B6%80%EC%82%B0-%EA%B9%80%ED%95%B4%20%EA%B2%BD%EC%A0%84%EC%B2%A0", "locator": "线路概况、运营结构、开通年份与车站列表，访问于2026-10-31" }, { "id": "official-route", "title": "线路／票价查询", "author": "釜山—金海轻轨株式会社", "url": "https://www.bglrt.com/00012.web", "locator": "运营方线路与票价查询页面，访问于2026-10-31" }, { "id": "official-station", "title": "车站信息查询", "author": "釜山—金海轻轨株式会社", "url": "https://www.bglrt.com/00011/00149.web", "locator": "运营方车站与列车时刻查询入口，访问于2026-10-31" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-31T01:23:24+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-31T01:23:24+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 24, "body": "## Overview\n\nBusan–Gimhae Light Rail Transit links Busan Metropolitan City and Gimhae in South Gyeongsang Province. Operated by Busan–Gimhae Light Rail Transit Co., it runs from Sasang to Kaya University, has 21 stations and is about 23.9 km long. It opened in 2011 and is jointly owned by Busan and Gimhae. [^ko-wiki]\n\n## Transfers and connections\n\nSasang connects with Busan Metro Line 2, and Daejeo with Line 3. Airport station provides access to Gimhae International Airport. The operator's website offers route, fare and station information. [^official-route][^official-station]\n\n## Station order\n\nFrom Sasang toward Kaya University: Sasang - Gwaebeop Renecite - Seobusan Yutongjigu - Airport - Deokdu - Deunggu - Daejeo - Pyeonggang - Daesa - Bulam - Jinae - Gimhae College - Inje University - Gimhae City Hall - Buwon - Bonghwang - Royal Tomb of King Suro - Museum - Yeonji Park - Jangsin University - Kaya University. [^ko-wiki][^official-station]\n\n## Passenger information\n\nFares, transfer rules and train times may change. Check the operator's route/fare and station information pages before travelling. [^official-route][^official-station]", "url": "/concepts/busan-gimhae-gyeongjeon.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "ar", "de", "en", "es", "fr", "hi", "id", "it", "ja", "ko", "ms", "nl", "pt", "ru", "th", "tr", "vi", "zh-hant" ], "conceptKind": "metro_line" }, { "id": "concept_changsha_stinky_tofu", "type": "concept", "title": "Changsha stinky tofu", "slug": "changsha-stinky-tofu", "aliases": [ "臭豆腐", "黑色臭豆腐" ], "summary": "A fermented tofu snack from Changsha, Hunan. Tofu is soaked in fermented brine and deep-fried, producing a crisp exterior and tender centre; it is often served with chili. Huogongdian's preparation technique entered China's national intangible cultural heritage list in 2021.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-food" ], "tags": [], "sources": [ { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "臭豆腐", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%87%AD%E8%B1%86%E8%85%90", "locator": "发酵说明、长沙做法、地区差异及火宫殿非遗项目，访问于2026-10-31" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-31T01:19:41+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-31T01:19:41+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 20, "body": "## Stinky tofu and fermentation\n\nStinky tofu is a snack made by soaking tofu in fermented brine. During fermentation, microorganisms break down proteins and change the tofu's texture and flavor, producing its characteristic aroma. Brine may ferment naturally or be inoculated with cultures; recipes, methods and colors vary by region and shop. [^zhwiki]\n\n## Changsha style\n\nChangsha stinky tofu is commonly recognized by its dark exterior. Tofu is soaked in fermented brine and deep-fried until crisp outside and tender within, then usually served with chopped chili or chili sauce. Huogongdian is one of Changsha's representative vendors. [^zhwiki]\n\nRegional styles differ in appearance and serving method. Elsewhere, tofu may remain gray-white or be made from dried tofu, with chili sauce or garlic sauce. The dark, fried Changsha style is one of several local forms. [^zhwiki]\n\n## Huogongdian technique\n\nIn 2021, the “Huogongdian stinky tofu making technique” was added to China's national representative list of intangible cultural heritage as item VIII-276, nominated by Changsha, Hunan. This designation concerns a particular technique, not every regional form of stinky tofu. [^zhwiki]\n\n## Where it is eaten\n\nStinky tofu is commonly sold at night markets and snack streets. Changsha's dark fried version, often paired with spicy seasonings, is a recognizable local street food. [^zhwiki]", "url": "/concepts/changsha-stinky-tofu.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "ar", "de", "en", "es", "fr", "hi", "id", "it", "ja", "ko", "ms", "nl", "pt", "ru", "th", "tr", "vi", "zh-hant" ], "conceptKind": "food_dish" }, { "id": "concept_chongqing_hotpot", "type": "concept", "title": "Chongqing hot pot", "slug": "chongqing-hotpot", "aliases": [ "麻辣火锅", "重庆麻辣火锅" ], "summary": "A numbing and spicy hot pot associated with the Sichuan–Chongqing region, typically flavored with beef tallow, chili and Sichuan pepper. Common ingredients include tripe, aorta and duck intestines; the nine-grid pot is a well-known format.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-food" ], "tags": [], "sources": [ { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "麻辣火锅", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E8%BE%A3%E7%81%AB%E9%94%85", "locator": "重庆火锅风味、常见食材、九宫格、起源叙述与产业发展，访问于2026-10-31" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-31T01:16:52+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-31T01:16:52+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 20, "body": "## Overview\n\nChongqing hot pot is a signature numbing and spicy hot pot associated with the Sichuan–Chongqing region. Its broth commonly uses beef tallow, chili, Sichuan pepper and other aromatics. Menus often include tripe, aorta, duck intestines and duck blood, which diners cook in the simmering broth. [^zhwiki]\n\n## Broth, divided pots and dipping sauces\n\nBeef tallow is a common base, while chili, Sichuan pepper and other spices create the characteristic málà flavor. A traditional “nine-grid” pot uses cross-shaped dividers to separate the vessel into sections, allowing several diners to cook ingredients and distinguish cooking areas. [^zhwiki]\n\nDipping sauces often start with sesame oil and may include garlic, scallions or cilantro. Combinations vary by region, restaurant and personal preference; no single recipe should be treated as universal. [^zhwiki]\n\n## Origin accounts\n\nPopular accounts associate early Chongqing hot pot with docks along the Yangtze, where boat workers and laborers cooked beef tallow and offal. Other accounts mention tripe hot pot or “water eight pieces” in the Qing dynasty. These are historical traditions, and the precise development and dating should be stated cautiously. [^zhwiki]\n\n## Modern development\n\nChongqing hot pot has grown into a large food-service industry, with varied broth products, spice levels and restaurant formats. Packaged single-use broth bases and graded spice levels are now common, and the style has spread elsewhere in China and overseas. [^zhwiki]", "url": "/concepts/chongqing-hotpot.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "ar", "de", "en", "es", "fr", "hi", "id", "it", "ja", "ko", "ms", "nl", "pt", "ru", "th", "tr", "vi", "zh-hant" ], "conceptKind": "dish" }, { "id": "concept_chaoshan_beef_ball", "type": "concept", "title": "Chaoshan beef balls", "slug": "chaoshan-beef-ball", "aliases": [ "牛肉丸", "手打牛肉丸", "Chaoshan beef balls" ], "summary": "A signature Chaoshan snack made by pounding beef into a paste and hand-shaping it into springy balls. They are served in hot pot or with soup noodles and rice noodles; the craft was added to Guangdong's provincial intangible cultural heritage list in 2018.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-food" ], "tags": [], "sources": [ { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "牛肉丸", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%89%9B%E8%82%89%E4%B8%B8", "locator": "潮汕牛肉丸沿革、手工制作、食用方式及广东省非遗信息，访问于2026-10-31" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-31T01:13:30+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-31T01:13:30+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 20, "body": "## Overview and history\n\nChaoshan beef balls are a signature snack from the Chaoshan region of Guangdong, also known as hand-pounded beef balls. Their history is associated with Hakka food culture. Early street vendors selling them were often Hakka people who carried shoulder poles through the streets of Shantou. In the 1940s, beef balls made by Luo Jinzhang were well known on Xinxing Street; the dish later became one of the emblems of Chaoshan cuisine. [^zhwiki]\n\n## Preparation\n\nThe defining step is pounding beef into a paste and shaping it into balls by hand. The finished balls are known for their springy, chewy texture; Chaozhou-style hand-pounded beef balls are particularly noted. [^zhwiki]\n\n## How they are served\n\nBeef balls are commonly used in hot pot or served in soup with wheat noodles, rice noodles or rice-flour sheets. Examples include fish-ball and beef-ball noodle soup. [^zhwiki]\n\n## Intangible cultural heritage\n\nIn 2018, the craft of making Chaoshan hand-pounded beef balls was added to Guangdong Province's intangible cultural heritage list as item VIII-102, nominated by the Guangdong Food Industry Association. [^zhwiki]", "url": "/concepts/chaoshan-beef-ball.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "ar", "de", "en", "es", "fr", "hi", "id", "it", "ja", "ko", "ms", "nl", "pt", "ru", "th", "tr", "vi", "zh-hant" ], "conceptKind": "food_dish" }, { "id": "concept_ultraman_series", "type": "concept", "title": "奥特曼系列", "slug": "ultraman-series", "aliases": [ "ウルトラシリーズ", "Ultra Series", "奥特曼IP" ], "summary": "奥特曼系列是日本圆谷制作自 1966 年起持续制作的特摄作品系列，以来自 M78 星云光之国的巨大变身英雄为中心，并延伸到电影、动画、舞台演出与商品授权。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-acg" ], "tags": [ "tag-character-ip", "tag-ultraman" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "ULTRAMAN ARCHIVES｜侵略者を撃て", "author": "圆谷制作", "url": "https://m-78.jp/ultraman-archives/shoot-the-invader/", "locator": "作品介绍：1966年7月至1967年4月全39话放送，最高视聴率42.8%、平均36.8%" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "COMPANY PROFILE", "author": "Tsuburaya Productions Co., Ltd.", "url": "https://tsuburaya-prod.com/company", "locator": "Date of Incorporation: April 12th, 1963；Purposes 含 Product merchandising and advertisement licensing business" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-30T12:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-31T01:12:19+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 5, "body": "奥特曼系列（ウルトラシリーズ，Ultra Series）是日本 [[org_tsuburaya_productions|圆谷制作]] 自 1966 年起持续制作的特摄作品系列，以来自 M78 星云「光之国」的宇宙警备队队员——巨大变身英雄 [[person_ultraman|奥特曼]]——为中心展开。\n\n## 起点与基本设定\n\n圆谷制作在《[[work_ultra_q|奥特Q]]》取得成功后，于 1966 年 7 月至 1967 年 4 月播出全 39 话的《[[work_ultraman_1966|奥特曼]]》，作为「空想特摄系列」的第二部作品。作品描写科学特搜队与协力作战的奥特曼应对怪兽、宇宙人引发的灾害与超常现象，最高收视率 42.8%、平均收视率 36.8%，被视为巨大变身英雄题材的原点。\n\n## 作品形态\n\n系列此后以电视特摄剧为主体持续推出新作，并扩展到剧场版电影与 CG 动画电影。2024 年 6 月 14 日，圆谷制作与 Netflix 共同制作的 CG 动画电影《[[work_ultraman_rising_2024|奥特曼：崛起]]》在 Netflix 上线。\n\n## 历代主役作品\n\n**昭和系**：《[[work_ultra_q|奥特Q]]》（1966）、《[[work_ultraman_1966|奥特曼]]》（1966）、《[[work_ultraman_seven_1967|赛文·奥特曼]]》（1967）、《[[work_return_of_ultraman|归来的奥特曼]]》（1971）、《[[work_ultraman_ace_tv|艾斯·奥特曼]]》（1972）、《[[work_ultraman_taro_tv|泰罗·奥特曼]]》（1973）、《[[work_ultraman_leo_tv|雷欧·奥特曼]]》（1974）、《[[work_ultraman_joneus_tv|乔尼亚斯·奥特曼]]》（1979，动画）、《[[work_ultraman_eighty_tv|爱迪·奥特曼]]》（1980）。\n\n**海外制作**：《[[work_ultraman_great_tv|葛雷特·奥特曼]]》（1990，澳大利亚）、《[[work_ultraman_powered_tv|帕瓦特·奥特曼]]》（1993，美国）。\n\n**平成系**：《[[work_ultraman_tiga_tv|迪迦·奥特曼]]》（1996）、《[[work_ultraman_dyna_tv|戴拿·奥特曼]]》（1997）、《[[work_ultraman_gaia_tv|盖亚·奥特曼]]》（1998）、《[[work_ultraman_cosmos_tv|高斯·奥特曼]]》（2001）、《[[work_ultraman_nexus_tv|奈克赛斯·奥特曼]]》（2004）、《[[work_ultraman_max_tv|麦克斯·奥特曼]]》（2005）、《[[work_ultraman_mebius_tv|梦比优斯·奥特曼]]》（2006）。\n\n**新生代与令和**：《[[work_ultraman_ginga_tv|银河·奥特曼]]》（2013）、《[[work_ultraman_ginga_s|银河·奥特曼S]]》（2014）、《[[work_ultraman_x_tv|艾克斯·奥特曼]]》（2015）、《[[work_ultraman_orb_tv|欧布·奥特曼]]》（2016）、《[[work_ultraman_geed_tv|捷德·奥特曼]]》（2017）、《[[work_ultraman_ruebe_tv|罗布·奥特曼]]》（2018）、《[[work_ultraman_taiga_tv|泰迦·奥特曼]]》（2019）、《[[work_ultraman_z_tv|泽塔·奥特曼]]》（2020）、《[[work_ultraman_trigger_tv|特利迦·奥特曼]]》（2021）、《[[work_ultraman_decker_tv|德凯·奥特曼]]》（2022）、《[[work_ultraman_blazar_tv|布莱泽·奥特曼]]》（2023）、《[[work_ultraman_arc_tv|亚刻·奥特曼]]》（2024）、《[[work_ultraman_omega_tv|奥特曼 奥米茄]]》（2025）、《[[work_ultraman_theo_tv|奥特曼 提欧]]》（2026）。\n\n## 剧场版与群像企划\n\n**剧场版（选录）**：《[[work_tiga_final_odyssey|迪迦·奥特曼 最终圣战]]》（2000）、《[[work_mebius_brothers_movie|梦比优斯·奥特曼 \u0026 奥特兄弟]]》（2006）、《[[work_ultra_8_brothers|大决战！超奥特 8 兄弟]]》（2008）、《[[work_ultra_galaxy_legend|大怪兽格斗 超银河传说 THE MOVIE]]》（2009）、《[[work_ultraman_zero_movie|赛罗·奥特曼 THE MOVIE]]》（2010）、《[[work_ultraman_saga|奥特曼传奇]]》（2012）、《[[work_orb_movie|欧布·奥特曼剧场版]]》（2018）、《[[work_geed_movie|捷德·奥特曼剧场版]]》（2018）、《[[work_taiga_movie|泰迦·奥特曼剧场版 新世代巅峰]]》（2020）。\n\n**群像配信企划**：《[[work_ultra_galaxy_fight|奥特银河格斗 巨大的阴谋]]》（2020）、《[[work_ultra_galaxy_fight_2|奥特银河格斗 命运的冲突]]》（2022）。\n\n## 授权与商品化\n\n商品化与广告授权是圆谷制作的公司业务之一。在日本市场，[[organization_bandai|万代]] 负责变身道具（[[work_ultraman_transformation_item|奥特曼变身道具]]，DX 系列）、软胶人偶（[[work_ultraman_soft_vinyl|奥特曼软胶人偶]]）与可动人偶（[[work_ultra_act|ULTRA-ACT]]）等商品的开发与销售；在中国大陆，[[organization_scla|上海新创华文化发展有限公司]] 是「三大特摄」（奥特曼系列、假面骑士系列、超级战队系列）的独家版权总代理，[[work_ultraman_cards|奥特曼卡牌]] 等商品由 [[organization_kayou|卡游]] 等被授权方开发与发行。\n\n## 主要角色\n\n**光之国与昭和系**：[[person_ultraman|奥特曼]]、[[person_ultraman_zoffy|佐菲]]、[[person_ultraman_seven|赛文]]、[[person_ultraman_jack|杰克]]、[[person_ultraman_ace|艾斯]]、[[person_ultraman_taro|泰罗]]、[[person_ultraman_leo|雷欧]]、[[person_ultraman_astra|阿斯特拉]]、[[person_ultraman_joneus|乔尼亚斯]]、[[person_ultraman_eighty|爱迪]]、[[person_yullian|尤莉安]]、[[person_father_of_ultra|奥特之父]]、[[person_mother_of_ultra|奥特之母]]、[[person_ultraman_king|奥特之王]]。\n\n**海外制作**：[[person_ultraman_great|葛雷特]]、[[person_ultraman_powered|帕瓦特]]、[[person_ultraman_scott|斯科特]]、[[person_ultraman_chuck|查克]]、[[person_ultraman_beth|贝斯]]。\n\n**平成系**：[[person_ultraman_tiga|迪迦]]、[[person_ultraman_dyna|戴拿]]、[[person_ultraman_gaia|盖亚]]、[[person_ultraman_agul|阿古茹]]、[[person_ultraman_cosmos|高斯]]、[[person_ultraman_justice|杰斯提斯]]、[[person_ultraman_nexus|奈克赛斯]]、[[person_ultraman_max|麦克斯]]、[[person_ultraman_xenon|杰诺]]、[[person_ultraman_mebius|梦比优斯]]、[[person_ultraman_hikari|希卡利]]。\n\n**新生代与令和**：[[person_ultraman_zero|赛罗]]、[[person_ultraman_ginga|银河]]、[[person_ultraman_victory|维克特利]]、[[person_ultraman_x|艾克斯]]、[[person_ultraman_orb|欧布]]、[[person_ultraman_geed|捷德]]、[[person_ultraman_rosso|罗索]]、[[person_ultraman_blu|布鲁]]、[[person_ultraman_grigio|格丽乔]]、[[person_ultraman_taiga|泰迦]]、[[person_ultraman_titas|泰塔斯]]、[[person_ultraman_fuma|风马]]、[[person_ultraman_z|泽塔]]、[[person_ultraman_trigger|特利迦]]、[[person_ultraman_decker|德凯]]、[[person_ultraman_blazar|布莱泽]]、[[person_ultraman_arc|亚刻]]、[[person_ultraman_omega|奥米茄]]、[[person_ultraman_theo|提欧]]、[[person_ultraman_noa|诺亚]]。\n\n**黑暗与敌役**：[[person_ultraman_belial|贝利亚]]、[[person_ultraman_tregear|托雷基亚]]、[[person_dark_zagi|黑暗扎基]]、[[person_dark_mephisto|黑暗梅菲斯特]]、[[person_dark_faust|黑暗浮士德]]、[[person_dark_lugiel|黑暗路基艾尔]]、[[person_evil_tiga|邪恶迪迦]]、[[person_camearra|卡蜜拉]]、[[person_jugglus_juggler|伽古拉斯·伽古拉]]、[[person_absolute_tartarus|阿布索留特·塔尔塔罗斯]]、[[person_absolute_diavolo|阿布索留特·迪亚波罗]]、[[person_alien_baltan|巴尔坦星人]]。", "url": "/concepts/ultraman-series.html", "lang": "en", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh" ], "disambiguation": "圆谷制作的特摄作品系列与角色 IP", "conceptKind": "theme", "scopeNote": "本条目指圆谷制作拥有并运营版权的作品系列及其授权活动；单部作品、商品与企业各见其条目。", "relatedTerms": [ "空想特摄系列", "光之国", "M78星云" ] }, { "id": "concept_bib_gourmand", "type": "concept", "title": "Bib Gourmand", "slug": "bib-gourmand", "aliases": [ "Bib Gourmand", "米其林必比登", "必比登餐厅" ], "summary": "A MICHELIN Guide distinction separate from its star ratings, recognizing places that serve high-quality cooking at comparatively accessible local prices.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-restaurants" ], "tags": [], "sources": [ { "id": "star", "title": "What Is a MICHELIN Star?", "author": "MICHELIN Guide", "url": "https://guide.michelin.com/en/article/features/what-is-a-michelin-star", "locator": "指南中星级与Bib Gourmand标识关系的说明，访问于2026-10-31" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-31T01:10:49+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-31T01:10:49+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 21, "body": "## Definition\n\nThe Bib Gourmand is a MICHELIN Guide distinction for good-value dining, recognizing restaurants and other food establishments that offer high-quality cooking at relatively accessible prices. It is assessed separately from the MICHELIN stars: a Bib Gourmand is neither a star nor a tier below one. [^star]\n\n## Selection and price criteria\n\nThe distinction emphasizes food quality and affordability. “Accessible” prices are not a single worldwide amount; criteria depend on local costs and the standards announced for each guide edition. When citing a specific threshold, identify the region and year and consult that edition's official MICHELIN Guide information. [^star]\n\n## Lists and editions\n\nBib Gourmand selections are published by region and guide edition. A venue may be newly added, retained or no longer listed in a later edition, so one year's list should not be assumed to carry over. An announcement naming only new selections is not necessarily the complete list and does not establish that unmentioned previous selections have been removed.\n\nUse the unit stated by the official source. In some regions, counts may include hawker stalls and other food establishments, not only restaurants. [^star]\n\n## Reading the guide\n\nWhen looking up or citing a selection, check its region, edition, publication date and counting method. The Bib Gourmand concerns the combination of good cooking and comparatively accessible local prices; it is not a star ranking or a basis for price comparisons across regions without context. [^star]", "url": "/concepts/bib-gourmand.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "ar", "de", "en", "es", "fr", "hi", "id", "it", "ja", "ko", "ms", "nl", "pt", "ru", "th", "tr", "vi", "zh-hant" ], "conceptKind": "term" }, { "customFields": [ { "key": "line_opened", "value": "2012年（iDBUS）；2019年起为BlaBlaCar Bus" }, { "key": "line_status", "value": "运营中" }, { "key": "line_operator", "value": "BlaBlaCar（商业运营），实际运输由分包运营商承担" } ], "id": "concept_blablacar_bus", "type": "concept", "title": "BlaBlaCar Bus", "slug": "blablacar-bus", "aliases": [ "BlaBlaCar Bus", "Ouibus", "iDBUS" ], "summary": "A European coach brand operated by BlaBlaCar. It began as SNCF's iDBUS, later became Ouibus, was transferred to BlaBlaCar in late 2018 and adopted its current name in 2019.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-transit", "category-road-transport" ], "tags": [ "tag-bus" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wiki_blablacar_bus", "title": "BlaBlaCar Bus — Wikipédia", "url": "https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/BlaBlaCar_Bus", "locator": "品牌沿革、服务范围、主要车站及运营模式，访问于2026-10-31" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-28T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-31T01:07:44+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 34, "body": "## Overview\n\nBlaBlaCar Bus is a long-distance coach service brand owned by BlaBlaCar. It began as iDBUS, launched by French railway company SNCF in 2012, and was later renamed Ouibus. Ouibus was transferred to BlaBlaCar in late 2018, and the BlaBlaCar Bus name has been used since 2019. [^wiki]\n\n## Network\n\nThe cited reference describes service to destinations in France and elsewhere in Europe, with about 300 destinations. Major stations listed include Paris-Bercy Seine, Paris-La Défense, Lyon, Bordeaux and Lille. Routes, stops and schedules can change; check the itinerary offered when booking. [^wiki]\n\n## Operations and booking\n\nBlaBlaCar handles commercial operations for the brand, while contracted transport operators carry out the coach service. Travellers can search routes and book through BlaBlaCar's bus website or mobile application. Station, baggage and service conditions depend on the selected trip and its booking information. [^wiki]\n\n## Name history\n\niDBUS was launched by SNCF in 2012, later became Ouibus, and was transferred to BlaBlaCar in late 2018. The BlaBlaCar Bus name has been used since 2019. [^wiki]", "url": "/concepts/blablacar-bus.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "ar", "de", "en", "es", "fr", "hi", "id", "it", "ja", "ko", "ms", "nl", "pt", "ru", "th", "tr", "vi", "zh-hant" ], "conceptKind": "coach_network" }, { "id": "concept_biangbiang_noodle", "type": "concept", "title": "Biangbiang noodles", "slug": "biangbiang-noodle", "aliases": [ "𰻞𰻞面", "裤带面", "油泼扯面", "彪彪面" ], "summary": "A traditional hand-pulled noodle dish from Guanzhong, Shaanxi, named for its broad, belt-like noodles. It is commonly served with minced topping and chili oil, scallions and garlic.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-food" ], "tags": [], "sources": [ { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "𰻞𰻞面", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biangbiang%E9%9D%A2", "locator": "条目中的地域、别称、制作、调味及“𰻞”字说明，访问于2026-10-31" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-31T01:04:01+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-31T01:04:01+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 20, "body": "## Overview\n\nBiangbiang noodles are a traditional dish from the Guanzhong region of Shaanxi. Also called belt noodles or oil-splashed pulled noodles, they are made by hand-pulling broad, thick noodles shaped like a belt. They are common in Xi'an, Huxian (now Huyi District) and Xianyang, and are also served elsewhere in China. [^zhwiki]\n\n## Preparation and seasoning\n\nThe dough is kneaded, stretched and slapped or pulled into long, wide noodles, then boiled and served with a minced topping. Common seasonings include chili oil poured over the noodles, scallions and garlic; toppings and condiments vary by shop. [^zhwiki]\n\n## Name and character\n\n“Biang” is a dialectal syllable in the dish's name, commonly written with the rare character “𰻞”. A common form has 58 strokes, and folk rhymes help people remember its complex shape. The character was added to Unicode's CJK Unified Ideographs Extension G in 2020. Because it is difficult to write, the name is often rendered in Latin letters as “biangbiang”. [^zhwiki]\n\n## Region and names\n\nThe dish is associated with Guanzhong in Shaanxi. Other names include belt noodles, oil-splashed pulled noodles and biaobiao noodles. Shops may use different toppings. [^zhwiki]", "url": "/concepts/biangbiang-noodle.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "ar", "de", "en", "es", "fr", "hi", "id", "it", "ja", "ko", "ms", "nl", "pt", "ru", "th", "tr", "vi", "zh-hant" ], "conceptKind": "dish" }, { "id": "concept_zaku_ii", "type": "concept", "title": "MS-06 扎古II", "slug": "zaku-ii", "aliases": [ "ザクII", "MS-06 ザクII", "MS-06F Zaku II", "萨克II", "扎古" ], "summary": "MS-06 扎古II是《机动战士高达》中吉翁公国军的主力量产机动战士，一年战争中的象征性机体，夏亚·阿兹纳布尔以红色专用机参战而有「赤色彗星」之名。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-acg", "category-entertainment" ], "tags": [ "tag-gundam" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "機動戦士ガンダム - Wikipedia", "url": "https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A9%9F%E5%8B%95%E6%88%A6%E5%A3%AB%E3%82%AC%E3%83%B3%E3%83%80%E3%83%A0" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "ガンプラ - Wikipedia", "url": "https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AC%E3%83%B3%E3%83%97%E3%83%A9" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-31T02:20:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-31T01:04:12+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 1, "body": "MS-06 扎古II（ザクII）是吉翁公国军在一年战争中大量投入的主力量产机动战士，也是最早实用化的机动战士之一，以绿色涂装的量产型为标准形象，剧中在 SIDE 7 袭击等场景中与联邦军交战。\n\n[[person_char_aznable|夏亚·阿兹纳布尔]]驾驶红色涂装的专用扎古追击白色木马，以三倍于常机的机动战力获得「赤色彗星」之名，成为[[concept_gundam|高达]]系列最著名的机体形象之一。机械设计由大河原邦男担任。\n\n扎古也是[[work_gunpla|高达模型]]商品线早期的重要商品，此后以 HG、RG 等系列反复模型化。", "url": "/concepts/zaku-ii.html", "lang": "en", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh" ], "disambiguation": "《机动战士高达》登场机体", "conceptKind": "mobile_suit", "scopeNote": "《机动战士高达》中吉翁公国军的主力量产机动战士。" }, { "id": "concept_rx78_2_gundam", "type": "concept", "title": "RX-78-2 高达", "slug": "rx-78-2-gundam", "aliases": [ "RX-78-2 ガンダム", "RX-78-2 Gundam", "高达（RX-78-2）", "元祖高达" ], "summary": "RX-78-2 高达是《机动战士高达》中地球联邦军「V作战」开发的试作机动战士 RX-78 系列的二号机，由阿姆罗·雷驾驶，是高达系列主人公机的原点。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-acg", "category-entertainment" ], "tags": [ "tag-gundam" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "機動戦士ガンダム - Wikipedia", "url": "https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A9%9F%E5%8B%95%E6%88%A6%E5%A3%AB%E3%82%AC%E3%83%B3%E3%83%80%E3%83%A0" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "ガンプラ - Wikipedia", "url": "https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AC%E3%83%B3%E3%83%97%E3%83%A9" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-31T02:20:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-31T01:04:07+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 1, "body": "RX-78-2 高达是地球联邦军在「V作战」中开发的试作机动战士（MS）RX-78 系列的二号机，通称「高达」，保管于 SIDE 7。吉翁公国军袭击 SIDE 7 时，民间少年[[person_amuro_ray|阿姆罗·雷]]偶然登上该机并击退来袭的扎古，此后它作为白色木马的主力机转战地球与宇宙，直至阿·巴瓦·库战役。\n\n机体以头部主摄像头、光束步枪、光束军刀与盾牌等装备确立了其后「高达系」机体的基本设计语言，人物剧本中的对手是[[person_char_aznable|夏亚·阿兹纳布尔]]等吉翁公国军驾驶员；机械设计由大河原邦男担任。\n\n该机也是[[concept_gundam|高达]]系列商品化的原点：1980年7月发售的首款[[work_gunpla|高达模型]]即为 1/144 比例的「RX-78-2 高达」。", "url": "/concepts/rx-78-2-gundam.html", "lang": "en", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh" ], "disambiguation": "《机动战士高达》登场机体", "conceptKind": "mobile_suit", "scopeNote": "《机动战士高达》中白色木马搭载的联邦军试作机动战士。" }, { "customFields": [ { "key": "line_opened", "value": "2011-03-30" }, { "key": "line_termini", "value": "미남 ~ 안평" }, { "key": "line_operator", "value": "부산교통공사" }, { "key": "line_status", "value": "운영 중" }, { "key": "line_stations", "value": "14" } ], "id": "concept_busan_metro_line_4", "type": "concept", "title": "Busan Metro Line 4", "slug": "busan-metro-line-4", "summary": "An unattended light rail line operated by Busan Transportation Corporation, linking Minam and Anpyeong. Opened on 30 March 2011, it has 14 stations.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-transit", "category-urban-rail" ], "tags": [ "tag-metro", "tag-metro-line" ], "sources": [ { "id": "ko-wiki", "title": "釜山城市铁道4号线", "url": "https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B6%80%EC%82%B0%20%EB%8F%84%EC%8B%9C%EC%B2%A0%EB%8F%84%204%ED%98%B8%EC%84%A0", "locator": "线路概况、运营主体、开通日期、换乘及车站列表，访问于2026-10-31" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-31T01:00:25+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-31T01:00:25+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 23, "body": "## Overview\n\nBusan Metro Line 4 is an unattended light rail line operated by Busan Transportation Corporation in eastern Busan. It opened on 30 March 2011 and has 14 stations, from Minam in the south to Anpyeong in the north. [^ko-wiki]\n\n## Route and interchange\n\nFrom Minam northward, it serves Dongnae, Suan, Nangmin, Chungnyeolsa, Myeongjang, Seodong, Geumsa, Banyeo Agricultural Products Market, Seokdae, Youngsan University, Witseongban-song and Gochon, ending at Anpyeong. Minam connects with Line 3. [^ko-wiki]\n\n## Station order\n\nMinam - Dongnae - Suan - Nangmin - Chungnyeolsa - Myeongjang - Seodong - Geumsa - Banyeo Agricultural Products Market - Seokdae - Youngsan University - Witseongban-song - Gochon - Anpyeong. [^ko-wiki]\n\nTimetables and temporary service changes may vary; check the operator's latest notices before travelling.", "url": "/concepts/busan-metro-line-4.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "ar", "de", "en", "es", "fr", "hi", "id", "it", "ja", "ko", "ms", "nl", "pt", "ru", "th", "tr", "vi", "zh-hant" ], "conceptKind": "metro_line" }, { "customFields": [ { "key": "line_opened", "value": "2005-10-18" }, { "key": "line_termini", "value": "문양 ~ 영남대" }, { "key": "line_operator", "value": "대구도시철도공사" }, { "key": "line_status", "value": "운영 중" }, { "key": "line_length", "value": "31.4km" }, { "key": "line_stations", "value": "29" } ], "id": "concept_daegu_metro_line_2", "type": "concept", "title": "Daegu Metro Line 2", "slug": "daegu-metro-line-2", "summary": "A 31.4 km metro line operated by Daegu Transportation Corporation, linking Munyang in western Daegu with Yeungnam University in Gyeongsan. It has 29 stations.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-transit", "category-urban-rail" ], "tags": [ "tag-metro", "tag-metro-line" ], "sources": [ { "id": "official-line2", "title": "大邱交通公社 Line 2 官方运营信息", "url": "https://www.dtro.or.kr/eng/index.do?menu_id=00000813", "locator": "线路运营信息与时刻表页面，页面标示最近更新 2024-10-16，访问于2026-10-31" }, { "id": "official-station", "title": "大邱交通公社官方网络线路图", "url": "https://www.dtro.or.kr/front/dtro/cyberstation/station/cyberstation.do?lang=eng", "locator": "官方站点与线路图，访问于2026-10-31" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-31T00:55:33+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-31T00:55:33+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 23, "body": "## Overview\n\nDaegu Metro Line 2 serves Daegu Metropolitan City and neighboring Gyeongsan. Operated by Daegu Transportation Corporation, it opened on 18 October 2005. The line is about 31.4 km long and has 29 stations, running from Munyang in the west to Yeungnam University in the east. It crosses Dalseo-gu, central Daegu and Suseong-gu before continuing into Gyeongsan.\n\n## Route and transfers\n\nEastbound trains pass through Dalseo, Seongseo Industrial Complex, Duryu, Banwoldang, Beomeo and Suseong-gu. Banwoldang connects with Line 1, while Cheongna Hill connects with Line 3. Yeungnam University station serves the university and surrounding area in Gyeongsan.\n\n## Station order\n\nMunyang - Dasa - Daesil - Gangchang - Keimyung University - Seongseo Industrial Complex - Igok - Yongsan - Jukjeon - Gamsam - Duryu - Naedang - Bangogae - Cheongna Hill - Banwoldang - Kyungpook National University Hospital - Daegu Bank - Beomeo - Suseong-gu Office - Manchon - Damti - Yeonho - Daegu Grand Park - Gosan - Sinmae - Sawol - Jeongpyeong - Imdang - Yeungnam University.\n\n## Service\n\nThe operator publishes timetables and station information. First and last train times and intervals vary by station, direction and date; consult the operator’s latest information.", "url": "/concepts/daegu-metro-line-2.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "ar", "de", "en", "es", "fr", "hi", "id", "it", "ja", "ko", "ms", "nl", "pt", "ru", "th", "tr", "vi", "zh-hant" ], "conceptKind": "metro_line" }, { "customFields": [ { "key": "line_opened", "value": "28 November 2005" }, { "key": "line_termini", "value": "Suyeong station–Daejeo station" }, { "key": "line_operator", "value": "Busan Transportation Corporation" }, { "key": "line_status", "value": "In operation" }, { "key": "line_length", "value": "18.3 km" }, { "key": "line_stations", "value": "17" } ], "id": "concept_busan_metro_line_3", "type": "concept", "title": "Busan Metro Line 3", "slug": "busan-metro-line-3", "aliases": [ "Busan Subway Line 3" ], "summary": "Busan Metro Line 3, operated by the Busan Transportation Corporation, opened on 28 November 2005. The entirely underground line runs 18.3 km between Suyeong and Daejeo and has 17 stations. It connects with Busan Metro Lines 1, 2 and 4, the Donghae Line, and the Busan–Gimhae Light Rail Transit.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-transit", "category-urban-rail" ], "tags": [ "tag-metro", "tag-metro-line" ], "sources": [ { "id": "hankyoreh-20051020", "title": "부산지하철 3호선 11월 28일 개통", "author": "최상원（한겨레）", "date": "2005-10-20", "url": "https://v.daum.net/v/20051020213215043", "locator": "개통일, 구간·역 수, 승강장 안전문, 화재 대비 설비" }, { "id": "humetro-cyber-map-202610", "title": "부산교통공사 사이버스테이션 노선도", "author": "부산교통공사", "date": "2026-10-31", "url": "https://www2.humetro.busan.kr/homepage/cyberstation/mapeng.do", "locator": "3호선 공식 노선·역 목록 및 환승 연결" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-31T00:47:39+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-31T00:47:39+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 23, "body": "## Overview\n\nBusan Metro Line 3 is operated by the Busan Transportation Corporation and runs between Suyeong and Daejeo. The full line opened on 28 November 2005. It is 18.3 km long, has 17 stations and runs north–south from Suyeong District to Daejeo-dong in Gangseo District.[^hankyoreh-20051020][^humetro-cyber-map-202610]\n\nWhen the line opened, every station had platform screen doors and fire-safety equipment including platform sprinklers. The trains were built using domestic technology and had fire-resistant interior materials.[^hankyoreh-20051020]\n\n## Key stations and transfers\n\n- **Suyeong**: transfer to Busan Metro Line 2\n- **Yeonsan**: transfer to Busan Metro Line 1\n- **Geoje**: transfer to the Donghae Line\n- **Minam**: transfer to Busan Metro Line 4\n- **Deokcheon**: transfer to Busan Metro Line 2\n- **Gupo**: connection to Gupo station on the Gyeongbu Line\n- **Daejeo**: transfer to the Busan–Gimhae Light Rail Transit\n\n## Stations (Suyeong to Daejeo)\n\nSuyeong – Mangmi – Baesan – Mulmangol – Yeonsan – Geoje – Sports Complex – Sajik – Minam – Mandeok – Namsanjeong – Sukdeung – Deokcheon – Gupo – Gangseo-gu Office – Sports Park – Daejeo.[^humetro-cyber-map-202610]", "url": "/concepts/busan-metro-line-3.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "ar", "de", "en", "es", "fr", "hi", "id", "it", "ja", "ko", "ms", "nl", "pt", "ru", "th", "tr", "vi", "zh-hant" ], "conceptKind": "metro_line" }, { "customFields": [ { "key": "line_opened", "value": "17 March 2023" }, { "key": "line_length", "value": "About 24.5 km" }, { "key": "line_stations", "value": "18 underground stations" }, { "key": "line_structure", "value": "Underground" } ], "id": "concept_dalian_metro_line_5", "type": "concept", "title": "Dalian Metro Line 5", "slug": "dalian-metro-line-5", "summary": "Dalian Metro Line 5 opened on 17 March 2023 and is the first undersea metro line in Northeast China. It is about 24.5 km long, has 18 underground stations, and runs through Zhongshan, Xigang and Ganjingzi districts, with interchanges to several other rail lines.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-transit", "category-urban-rail" ], "tags": [ "tag-metro", "tag-metro-line" ], "sources": [ { "id": "crecg-20240322", "title": "中国中铁：中铁大连地铁5号线开通运营一周年管理纪实（2024年3月22日）", "author": "中国中铁", "date": "2024-03-22", "url": "https://www.crecg.com/web/xwzx61/zfgsdt39/2025021110093161700/index.html" }, { "id": "dalian-5-stations-202212", "title": "新闻大连：地铁5号线正式空载试运行（2022年12月1日，搜狐转载）", "author": "新闻大连（转载，内容署名大连地铁五号线有限公司）", "date": "2022-12-01", "url": "https://www.sohu.com/a/612332343_121119275", "locator": "资料署名大连地铁五号线有限公司；站名为开通前工程资料" }, { "id": "dalian-laodong-20230406", "title": "大连发布：地铁5号线劳动公园站开通（2023年4月6日，新浪转载）", "author": "大连发布", "date": "2023-04-06", "url": "https://finance.sina.cn/2023-04-06/detail-imypkxpm2204688.d.html", "locator": "资料署名大连地铁，包含劳动公园站首末班" }, { "id": "dalian5-bendibao-times-202407", "title": "大连本地宝：2024大连地铁5号线发车时间表", "date": "2024-07-03", "url": "https://m.dl.bendibao.com/traffic/77612.shtm", "locator": "页面署名大连地铁，转载带“大连地铁”标识的首末班图；生效日期未注明。" }, { "id": "metroman-dalian5-20261025", "title": "地铁通 MetroMan：大连地铁劳动公园站时刻", "url": "https://www.metroman.cn/cities/dalian/stations/labor-park", "locator": "第三方劳动公园站5号线时刻页面，版本2026-10-25；非运营方原始资料。" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-31T00:40:32+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-31T00:40:47+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 27, "body": "## Overview\n\nDalian Metro Line 5 opened on 17 March 2023, 43 days ahead of its original schedule. The line is about 24.5 km long, has 18 underground stations, runs roughly north–south and passes through Zhongshan, Xigang and Ganjingzi districts. It crosses a sea area and is the first undersea metro line in Northeast China. It was also the region's first rail transit project using a public-private partnership (PPP) model; the project had a 5.5-year construction period and a 19.5-year operating term.[^crecg-20240322][^dalian-5-stations-202212]\n\n## Stations and transfers\n\nEngineering materials published in 2022 listed the stations from south to north as: Hutan Xinqu, Hutan Gongyuan, Xiuyue Jie, Taoyuan, Qingyun Jie, Shikui Lu, Labor Park, Qingniwaqiao, Dalian Railway Station, Suoyuwan South, Suoyuwan, Ganjingzi Jie, Ganbei Lu, Zhonghua Dong Lu, Quanshui East, Longhua Lu, Houyan and Houguan. These were station names in the engineering materials at the time; Labor Park station opened on 6 April 2023.[^dalian-5-stations-202212][^dalian-laodong-20230406]\n\nThe line offers transfers to Dalian Metro Lines 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 13, connecting local attractions, residential and commercial areas, and transport hubs. Suoyuwan and Suoyuwan South stations serve the Suoyuwan football stadium area.[^dalian-5-stations-202212]\n\n## Operations and passenger services\n\nOnboard information screens show arrival and next-stop information, as well as station stairs, escalators, toilets, mother-and-baby rooms, exits and nearby bus information. Stations have smart information robots and passenger facilities including mother-and-baby rooms, automated external defibrillators, emergency kits, drinking-water dispensers and service stations. Seven stations have themes incorporating local Dalian culture.[^dalian-5-stations-202212][^crecg-20240322]\n\nBy the first anniversary of service on 17 March 2024, Line 5 had carried nearly 30 million passenger trips, with an average of more than 80,000 per day and a single-day peak of 181,300. It had accumulated 2.057 million train-kilometres of safe operation; on-time performance was 99.95%, and the operating timetable fulfilment rate was 99.99%. These figures describe the first year of service.[^crecg-20240322]\n\n## Service hours and first and last trains\n\nWhen Labor Park station opened on 6 April 2023, the first and last trains toward Hutan Xinqu were at 05:56 and 22:26; toward Houguan, they were at 06:10 and 22:40.[^dalian-laodong-20230406]", "url": "/concepts/dalian-metro-line-5.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "ar", "de", "en", "es", "fr", "hi", "id", "it", "ja", "ko", "ms", "nl", "pt", "ru", "th", "tr", "vi", "zh-hant" ], "conceptKind": "metro_line" }, { "customFields": [ { "key": "line_status", "value": "Under construction (information from October 2026)" }, { "key": "line_structure", "value": "Entire first phase underground" }, { "key": "line_termini", "value": "Yatai Road station–Chongxian station" } ], "id": "concept_hangzhou_metro_line_15", "type": "concept", "title": "Hangzhou Metro Line 15", "slug": "hangzhou-metro-line-15", "summary": "The first phase of Hangzhou Metro Line 15 is an under-construction north–south underground line from Yatai Road station in Xiaoshan District to Chongxian station in Linping District. It is about 40.9 km long, with 30 stations, including 15 interchange stations. Reports in October 2026 cited a target of being ready for service by the end of 2027.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-transit", "category-urban-rail" ], "tags": [ "tag-metro", "tag-metro-line" ], "sources": [ { "id": "project15-202608", "title": "杭州政协网：杭淳开高速、杭州地铁四期等工程迎来新进展", "url": "https://www.hzzx.gov.cn/cshz/content/2026-08/14/content_9280094.htm", "locator": "2026年8月；15号线一期工程概况" }, { "id": "plan-202610", "title": "都市快报：杭州地铁12号线、15号线迎来关键进展", "url": "https://mdaily.hangzhou.com.cn/dskb/2026/10/11/article_detail_2_20261011B021.html", "locator": "2026年10月11日；工程信息与计划通车时间" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-29T11:53:15+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-31T00:34:25+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 29, "body": "## Route\n\nThe first phase of Hangzhou Metro Line 15 runs from Yatai Road station in Xiaoshan District in the south to Chongxian station in Linping District in the north. The 40.9 km line is planned entirely underground, with 30 stations, 15 of them interchange stations. It crosses Xiaoshan, Shangcheng, Gongshu and Linping districts and passes through the Southern Residential City, old Xiaoshan, Qianjiang Century City, Jianghehui, Heping Square, Canal New City and Kangqiao areas.[^project15-202608][^plan-202610]\n\n## Construction progress\n\nFrom July to August 2026, shield-tunnelling work on the left tunnel between Xiaomian Road and Jinji Road stations moved into the launch stage. The section is 504 m long and follows Jinji Road from Xiaomian Road station to Jinji Road station. It passed the launch-readiness inspection on 30 July, and the shield machine began tunnelling on 3 August.[^project15-202608]\n\nIn October 2026, a project connecting Shushan station with the Xiaoshan campus of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine entered the pre-approval public-notice stage. Two underground passages are planned: Passage A, about 30 m long, will connect to the hospital's basement level 1; Passage D, about 44 m long, will connect to the sunken plaza. Once built, passengers will be able to reach the hospital campus from Shushan station through the passages.[^plan-202610]\n\n## Construction target\n\nAn October 2026 report cited the project target of being ready for service by the end of 2027.[^plan-202610]", "url": "/concepts/hangzhou-metro-line-15.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "ar", "de", "en", "es", "fr", "hi", "id", "it", "ja", "ko", "ms", "nl", "pt", "ru", "th", "tr", "vi", "zh-hant" ], "conceptKind": "metro_line" }, { "customFields": [ { "key": "line_opened", "value": "30 December 2005" }, { "key": "line_length", "value": "about 11.2 km" }, { "key": "line_stations", "value": "14 stops" }, { "key": "line_termini", "value": "Demaozhuang–Shazikou" }, { "key": "line_operator", "value": "Trolleybus Division, Beijing Public Transport Group" }, { "key": "line_hours", "value": "Demaozhuang 05:00–22:05; Shazikou 05:45–22:50" }, { "key": "line_headway", "value": "6 minutes at peak; 10 minutes off peak" }, { "key": "line_status", "value": "In operation; northern terminus moved from Qianmen to Shazikou on 7 February 2026" }, { "key": "line_rolling_stock", "value": "Foton BJD-WG180FA dual-source trolleybus" } ], "id": "concept_beijing_brt1", "type": "concept", "title": "Beijing BRT Line 1", "slug": "beijing-brt1", "aliases": [ "BRT1", "Beijing BRT 1", "Southern Central Axis BRT" ], "summary": "Beijing BRT Line 1, also known as BRT1 or the Southern Central Axis BRT, was the first bus rapid transit line in mainland China. It opened in full on 30 December 2005 and now runs about 11.2 km from Demaozhuang to Shazikou with 14 stops. It is operated by the Trolleybus Division of Beijing Public Transport Group.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-transit", "category-road-transport" ], "tags": [ "tag-bus" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wiki-zh", "title": "北京快速公交1号线（中文维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/北京快速公交1号线" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-31T00:18:29+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-31T00:18:29+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 23, "body": "## Overview\n\nBeijing BRT Line 1, commonly called BRT1 or Kuai 1 and also known as the Southern Central Axis BRT, is part of the Beijing Bus Rapid Transit system. It was the first bus rapid transit line in mainland China and is operated by the Trolleybus Division of Beijing Public Transport Group. In 2004, a Beijing municipal government plan selected the Southern Central Axis for a BRT route. Changdatong Operating Company was established that year, and construction began alongside reconstruction of the Southern Central Axis Road. A section between Qianmen and Muxiyuan began trial operation on 25 December 2004; the full line opened on 30 December 2005.[^wiki-zh]\n\nThe line follows the Southern Central Axis through Fengtai and Dongcheng districts. It currently runs from Demaozhuang to Shazikou, covering about 11.2 km and serving 14 stops. First and last services run from 05:00 to 22:05 at Demaozhuang and from 05:45 to 22:50 at Shazikou. Headways are six minutes during peak periods and ten minutes off peak.[^wiki-zh]\n\n## Facilities and boarding\n\nAll BRT1 platforms are central, island-style platforms similar to metro platforms. Passengers pay or validate a transit card before entering; there are no onboard conductors. Vehicles have three doors on the left and use low-floor designs for level boarding. The section from Demaozhuang to Tiantan Ximen formerly used a dedicated, enclosed busway reserved for BRT vehicles.[^wiki-zh]\n\nFrom 30 September 2024, the operating hours of the Southern Central Axis bus lanes were changed to 07:00–09:00 and 17:00–19:00 on weekdays. The enclosed roadway was converted to an open arrangement, allowing general traffic to use it outside those peak periods.[^wiki-zh]\n\n## Fares\n\nThe line uses distance-based fares. Journeys of up to 10 km cost CNY 2; each additional 5 km costs CNY 1, up to a maximum fare of CNY 4 for the full route. When the line opened, it charged a flat fare of CNY 2. The fare was reduced after Beijing revised bus fares in 2007 and changed to the current distance-based system at the end of 2014.[^wiki-zh]\n\n## Route changes\n\nBRT1 substantially overlaps with Beijing Subway Line 8 between Yongdingmenwai and Demaozhuang. In November 2025, Beijing Public Transport Group announced plans to remove the buildings and operating facilities at four BRT1 stops: Qianmen, Tianqiao, Tiantan Ximen and Yongdingmennei. On 24 December 2025, the Beijing Municipal Commission of Transport published a consultation on bus service adjustments that proposed moving the northern terminus to Shazikou.[^wiki-zh]\n\nOn 7 February 2026, the northern terminus was moved from Qianmen to Shazikou, and the intervening stops between Qianmen and Yongdingmennei were discontinued. Route 622 added peak-period express services to cover the withdrawn section. Shazikou stop provides interchange access to Yongdingmenwai station on subway Lines 8 and 14.[^wiki-zh]\n\n## Tianqiao stop (historical)\n\nTianqiao stop was built in 2015 but remained unused for years; buses passed through without stopping. It was among the platforms Beijing Public Transport Group proposed removing in November 2025.[^wiki-zh]\n\n## Stops\n\nIn route order: Demaozhuang, Dongyingfang, Liuyingmen, Donggaodi, Xiwaidi, Sanyingmen, Heyinan, Heyi Farm, Jiujizhuang, Dahongmen Bridge, Dahongmen Xili, Nanyuan Road Orchard, Muxiyuan Bridge and Shazikou.\n\nDiscontinued stops: Yongdingmennei, Tiantan Ximen and Qianmen. Tianqiao was built but never entered service.", "url": "/concepts/beijing-brt1.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "ar", "de", "en", "es", "fr", "hi", "id", "it", "ja", "ko", "ms", "nl", "pt", "ru", "th", "tr", "vi", "zh-hant" ], "conceptKind": "bus_route" }, { "customFields": [ { "key": "line_status", "value": "Under construction (information from October 2026)" }, { "key": "line_termini", "value": "Yiqiao station–Century Avenue station (project alignment)" } ], "id": "concept_hangzhou_metro_line_18", "type": "concept", "title": "Hangzhou Metro Line 18", "slug": "hangzhou-metro-line-18", "summary": "The first phase of Hangzhou Metro Line 18 is an under-construction north–south rapid rail line from Yiqiao in Xiaoshan District to Century Avenue in Linping District. In October 2026, the right tunnel between Jianghui Road and Jianghan Road passed beneath operating Metro Line 5, and the right tunnel between Yongxuan Road and Wenzheng Street was received.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-transit", "category-urban-rail" ], "tags": [ "tag-metro", "tag-metro-line" ], "sources": [ { "id": "metro-progress-202610", "title": "杭州政协网转载杭州地铁官方：杭州地铁四期工程最新进展来了", "author": "杭州地铁官方", "date": "2026-10-23", "url": "https://www.hzzx.gov.cn/cshz/content/2026-10/23/content_9350279.htm", "locator": "2026年10月23日；3、10、12、18号线工程进展" }, { "id": "project18-202608", "title": "杭州网：杭淳开高速、杭州地铁四期等工程迎来新进展", "url": "https://hznews.hangzhou.com.cn/chengshi/content/2026-08/13/content_9279428_0.htm", "locator": "2026年8月；18号线一期工程及计划" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-31T00:32:53+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-31T00:32:53+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 23, "body": "## Route\n\nThe first phase of Hangzhou Metro Line 18 is an under-construction north–south rapid rail line. The project runs from Yiqiao station in Xiaoshan District in the south to Century Avenue station in Linping District in the north. Once built, it will connect Xiaoshan, Binjiang, Shangcheng and Linping districts.[^metro-progress-202610]\n\n## Construction progress\n\nIn October 2026, work advanced on the right tunnel between Jianghui Road and Jianghan Road stations. The tunnel is about 2.20 km long; the shield machine started from the north end of Jianghui Road station and was to be received at the south end of Jianghan Road station. On 16 October, the shield tunnel successfully passed beneath the operating Metro Line 5.[^metro-progress-202610]\n\nThe right tunnel between Yongxuan Road and Wenzheng Street stations is about 1.95 km long and follows Xinghe South Road northeast. Its shield machine was successfully received on 17 October.[^metro-progress-202610]", "url": "/concepts/hangzhou-metro-line-18.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "ar", "de", "en", "es", "fr", "hi", "id", "it", "ja", "ko", "ms", "nl", "pt", "ru", "th", "tr", "vi", "zh-hant" ], "conceptKind": "metro_line" }, { "customFields": [ { "key": "line_opened", "value": "31 July 2008" }, { "key": "line_length", "value": "about 14 km" }, { "key": "line_stations", "value": "21 stops" }, { "key": "line_termini", "value": "Yangzha–Chaoyangmen" }, { "key": "line_operator", "value": "Trolleybus Division, Beijing Public Transport Group" }, { "key": "line_hours", "value": "05:00–23:00 at both termini" }, { "key": "line_status", "value": "In operation; Yangzha stop temporarily removed from 28 April 2023 during Pinggu Line construction" }, { "key": "line_rolling_stock", "value": "Foton BJD-WG180FA trolleybus" } ], "id": "concept_beijing_brt2", "type": "concept", "title": "Beijing BRT Line 2", "slug": "beijing-brt2", "aliases": [ "BRT2", "Beijing BRT 2" ], "summary": "Beijing BRT Line 2 (BRT2) is a bus rapid transit route operated by Beijing Public Transport Group. It opened on 31 July 2008 and runs between Yangzha and Chaoyangmen, covering about 14 km and serving 21 stops. A 2026 notice set the operating hours of its dedicated bus lanes to weekday peaks, 07:00–09:00 and 17:00–19:00.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-transit", "category-road-transport" ], "tags": [ "tag-bus" ], "sources": [ { "id": "official", "title": "关于进一步优化调整公交专用道设置及通行管理的通告", "author": "北京市交通委员会、北京市公安局交通管理局", "date": "2026-04-22", "url": "https://jtgl.beijing.gov.cn/jgj/jgxx/gsgg/jttg/588465/743988904/index.html" }, { "id": "wiki-zh", "title": "北京快速公交2号线（中文维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/北京快速公交2号线" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-31T00:19:09+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-31T00:19:09+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 23, "body": "## Overview\n\nBeijing BRT Line 2, also called Kuai 2 or BRT2, is part of the Beijing Bus Rapid Transit system. It is operated by the Trolleybus Division of Beijing Public Transport Group and opened on 31 July 2008, the same day as Beijing BRT Line 3. The route runs along Chaoyang Road through Dongcheng and Chaoyang districts, from Yangzha to Chaoyangmen. It is about 14 km long, has 21 stops, and operates from 05:00 to 23:00 at both ends.[^wiki-zh]\n\n## Fares\n\nThe line uses distance-based fares, starting at CNY 2. Journeys of up to 10 km cost CNY 2; each additional 5 km costs CNY 1, up to a maximum of CNY 3 for the full route.[^wiki-zh]\n\n## Service changes\n\nYangzha stop was temporarily removed from the route from the first service on 28 April 2023 to accommodate construction of the Pinggu Line.[^wiki-zh]\n\nA notice issued by the Beijing Municipal Commission of Transport and the Beijing Traffic Management Bureau set the operating hours for the BRT2 and BRT3 bus lanes to 07:00–09:00 and 17:00–19:00 on weekdays, effective 28 April 2026.[^official]\n\n## Branch route (historical)\n\nOn 26 August 2009, Beijing Public Transport Group introduced a branch service from Chaoyangmen to Wuyihuayuan. It was discontinued on 26 May 2014; route 442 replaced service between Yangzha and Wuyihuayuan.[^wiki-zh]\n\n## Stop construction (historical)\n\nAfter BRT2 opened, pedestrian overpasses serving several stops could not be completed for years because of demolition and relocation issues on both sides of the road. Dahuangzhuang Bridge West stop was completed in 2010 but did not enter service until 26 September 2019. Before 2013, the westbound-to-eastbound platform at Civil Aviation General Hospital stop was outside the busway, while buses in the opposite direction passed without stopping. Until 2020, passengers accessed Sanjianfang stop via a temporary pedestrian crossing.[^wiki-zh]\n\n## Stops\n\nIn route order: Yangzha, Yangzha Roundabout West, Guanzhuang, Zhoujiajing, Chaoyang Road Sanjianfang, Second Foreign Languages Institute, Dingfuzhuang, Dahuangzhuang Bridge West, Civil Aviation General Hospital, Chaoyang Road Taipingzhuang, Ganluyuan, Shilibao, Dongbalizhuang, Ciyun Temple, Yingjiafen, Hongmiao Intersection West, Xiaozhuang Intersection West, Hujialou West and Chaoyangmen.", "url": "/concepts/beijing-brt2.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "ar", "de", "en", "es", "fr", "hi", "id", "it", "ja", "ko", "ms", "nl", "pt", "ru", "th", "tr", "vi", "zh-hant" ], "conceptKind": "bus_route" }, { "customFields": [ { "key": "line_opened", "value": "31 July 2008" }, { "key": "line_length", "value": "22.95 km" }, { "key": "line_stations", "value": "22 stops" }, { "key": "line_termini", "value": "Andingmen–Hongfuyuan West" }, { "key": "line_operator", "value": "Trolleybus Division, Beijing Public Transport Group" }, { "key": "line_hours", "value": "05:00–23:00 at both termini" }, { "key": "line_status", "value": "In operation; some stops temporarily use roadside platforms from 21 September 2025 during the Anli Road improvement project" }, { "key": "line_rolling_stock", "value": "Youngman BJD-WG180N articulated dual-source trolleybuses and other models" } ], "id": "concept_beijing_brt3", "type": "concept", "title": "Beijing BRT Line 3", "slug": "beijing-brt3", "aliases": [ "BRT3", "Beijing BRT 3", "Anli Road BRT" ], "summary": "Beijing BRT Line 3 (BRT3), also known as the Anli Road BRT, is a bus rapid transit route opened on 31 July 2008. It runs from Andingmen to the west side of Hongfuyuan in Changping District, covers 22.95 km and serves 22 stops. A 2026 notice set the operating hours of its dedicated bus lanes to weekday peaks, 07:00–09:00 and 17:00–19:00.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-transit", "category-road-transport" ], "tags": [ "tag-bus" ], "sources": [ { "id": "official", "title": "关于进一步优化调整公交专用道设置及通行管理的通告", "author": "北京市交通委员会、北京市公安局交通管理局", "date": "2026-04-22", "url": "https://jtgl.beijing.gov.cn/jgj/jgxx/gsgg/jttg/588465/743988904/index.html" }, { "id": "wiki-zh", "title": "北京快速公交3号线（中文维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/北京快速公交3号线" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-31T00:19:12+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-31T00:19:12+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 8, "body": "## Overview\n\nBeijing BRT Line 3, also called Kuai 3 or BRT3, is known as the Anli Road BRT because much of its route follows Anli Road. The line is operated by the Trolleybus Division of Beijing Public Transport Group. It opened on 31 July 2008, the same day as Beijing BRT Line 2. From Andingmen in Dongcheng District, it follows Andingmen Outer Street, Anding Road, Anli Road, Litang Road and Beiqing Road, passing the Beiyuan residential area and Tiantongyuan before reaching the west side of Hongfuyuan in Changping District. It is 22.95 km long, has 22 stops, and operates from 05:00 to 23:00 at both ends.[^wiki-zh]\n\n## Busway and boarding\n\nBetween Yangshan Bridge on the North Fifth Ring Road and Lishuiqiao, the line uses a central dedicated bus lane; elsewhere it shares the road with general traffic. The line originally had no onboard card readers and used fare payment at stations. From 21 September 2025, six pairs of stops between Lishuiqiao South and Tiantongyuan subway station temporarily moved to roadside regular bus platforms during the Anli Road grade-separation improvement project. Onboard fare collection was introduced across the route at the same time: passengers board through the middle doors and pay by card or QR code, then exit through the front or rear doors.[^wiki-zh]\n\nA notice from the Beijing Municipal Commission of Transport and Beijing Traffic Management Bureau set the BRT2 and BRT3 bus lanes' operating hours to 07:00–09:00 and 17:00–19:00 on weekdays, effective 28 April 2026.[^official]\n\n## Vehicle history\n\nWhen the line opened, it used articulated JNP6180G-1 buses made by Youngman. From 15 January 2015, BRT3 and its former branch service progressively adopted Youngman BJD-WG180N (JNP6183BEV) articulated dual-source trolleybuses. The main vehicle types later included that model and Foton BJD-WG180FB (BJ6180EVCAT-1) articulated trolleybuses.[^wiki-zh]\n\n## Branch and short-turn services (historical)\n\nThe line previously had a branch and a short-turn service; both later received new route numbers and left the BRT system.[^wiki-zh]\n\nThe branch ran from Andingmen to Tiantong Beiyuan and was later renumbered 301. After renumbering, it left the BRT busway and changed to onboard fare collection; it remains operated by the Trolleybus Division of Beijing Public Transport Group.\n\nThe short-turn service ran from Andingmen to Wendu Shuicheng, covering 21.85 km and sharing stops with the main line between Andingmen and Wangfu Wenxin Apartment. On 21 September 2025, its southern terminus moved from Andingmen to Lishuiqiao North during the Anli Road improvement project, and it was renumbered 426. It left the BRT busway and added stops along its route.[^wiki-zh]\n\n## Stops\n\nIn route order: Andingmen, Jiangzhai Kou, Anzhen Bridge North, Wuluju, China Millennium Monument of Arts, Huizhong Beili, Huizhong Beili North, Yangshan Bridge South, Yangshan Bridge North, Tianleyuan, Lishuiqiao South, Lishuiqiao North, Tiantong Xiyuan South, Tiantongyuan South subway station, Tiantongyuan Taipingzhuang, Tiantongyuan subway station, Tiantongyuan North subway station, Dong Sanqi, Pingxi Wangfu Intersection South, Wangfu Wenxin Apartment, Hongfuyuan South and Hongfuyuan West.", "url": "/concepts/beijing-brt3.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "conceptKind": "bus_route" }, { "id": "concept_premium_bandai", "type": "concept", "title": "PREMIUM BANDAI", "slug": "premium-bandai", "aliases": [ "プレミアムバンダイ", "Premium Bandai", "PB", "プレバン" ], "summary": "PREMIUM BANDAI（プレミアムバンダイ）是万代南梦宫集团的官方通贩网站，2009年开设，2018年4月1日起由万代魂（BANDAI SPIRITS）运营，以预约受注方式销售高达模型、TAMASHII NATIONS 限定商品等。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-acg", "category-entertainment" ], "tags": [], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "PREMIUM BANDAI 公式オンラインストア", "url": "https://p-bandai.com/" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "BANDAI SPIRITS - Wikipedia", "url": "https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/BANDAI_SPIRITS" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-31T00:40:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-31T00:17:08+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 1, "body": "PREMIUM BANDAI（プレミアムバンダイ）是万代南梦宫集团的官方通贩网站，2009年开设。平台以预约受注方式销售按订单量生产的限定商品，涵盖高达模型、TAMASHII NATIONS 成品玩具、卡牌与食玩等；TAMASHII NATIONS 的官方限定专区「魂ウェブ商店」也设在该平台内。\n\n网站原由株式会社万代运营；2018年4月1日集团重组时，与网络战略室等部门一并移交[[organization_bandai_spirits|万代魂]]，此后继续作为万代南梦宫集团的官方通贩渠道，并向海外扩展。", "url": "/concepts/premium-bandai.html", "lang": "en", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh" ], "conceptKind": "online_platform", "scopeNote": "万代南梦宫集团的官方通贩网站，以预约受注方式销售限定商品，由万代魂运营。" }, { "id": "concept_sanrio_characters", "type": "concept", "title": "三丽鸥角色", "slug": "sanrio-characters", "aliases": [ "Sanrio Characters", "サンリオキャラクターズ", "三丽鸥角色阵容" ], "summary": "三丽鸥角色（サンリオキャラクターズ）指三丽鸥自 1974 年 Hello Kitty 起策划、设计并持续运营的角色阵容，是公司商品销售与版权授权业务的核心 IP。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-acg" ], "tags": [ "tag-sanrio", "tag-character-ip" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Characters", "author": "Sanrio SEA（Sanrio Co., Ltd.）", "url": "https://sanrio-sea.com/characters" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "サンリオ", "author": "Wikipedia 日本語版", "date": "2026-10-20", "url": "https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B5%E3%83%B3%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AA" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-30T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-31T00:13:32+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 2, "body": "三丽鸥角色（サンリオキャラクターズ）是三丽鸥自 1974 年推出 Hello Kitty 以来策划、设计并持续运营的角色阵容的总称，角色由公司内部的角色开发部门设计，用于杂货、服饰、食品、影像、主题乐园与版权授权等业务。\n\n代表性的三丽鸥角色包括 [[person_hello_kitty|Hello Kitty]]（1974 年）、[[person_my_melody|美乐蒂]]与 [[person_little_twin_stars|双子星]]（1975 年）、[[person_tuxedosam|Tuxedosam]]（1979 年）、[[person_hangyodon|半鱼人]]（1985 年）、[[person_keroppi|可洛比]]（1988 年）、[[person_pochacco|帕恰狗]]（1989 年）、[[person_pekkle|Pekkle]]（1990 年）、[[person_badtz_maru|酷企鹅]]（1993 年）、[[person_pompompurin|布丁狗]]（1996 年）、[[person_cinnamoroll|大耳狗]]（2001 年）、[[person_kuromi|库洛米]]（2005 年）、[[person_gudetama|蛋黄哥]]与 [[person_aggretsuko|烈子]]（2013、2015 年）等。\n\n三丽鸥每年举办「三丽鸥角色大赏」人气投票，由粉丝投票决定各角色的年度排名，并记录在维基的排名榜单中，榜单结果会直接影响下一年度的商品与联名企划安排。\n\n参见：[[organization_sanrio|三丽鸥]]", "url": "/concepts/sanrio-characters.html", "lang": "en", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh" ], "conceptKind": "theme", "scopeNote": "收录三丽鸥自有设计并持续运营的角色形象，不含三丽鸥代理或经销的第三方 IP。" }, { "id": "concept_gundam", "type": "concept", "title": "高达", "slug": "gundam", "aliases": [ "高达系列", "GUNDAM", "ガンダムシリーズ", "机动战士高达系列", "Gundam" ], "summary": "高达（GUNDAM）是以1979年播出的电视动画《机动战士高达》为起点的日本跨媒体企划，由日升（现万代南梦宫影像制作）制作，以「机动战士」兵器与战争群像剧为核心，长期展开动画、模型、游戏与授权商品。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-acg", "category-entertainment" ], "tags": [ "tag-gundam" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "機動戦士ガンダム - Wikipedia", "url": "https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A9%9F%E5%8B%95%E6%88%A6%E5%A3%AB%E3%82%AC%E3%83%B3%E3%83%80%E3%83%A0" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "ガンプラ - Wikipedia", "url": "https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AC%E3%83%B3%E3%83%97%E3%83%A9" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "GUNDAM.INFO（高达系列官方站点）", "url": "https://www.gundam.info/" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-30T18:30:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-31T00:11:03+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 2, "body": "「高达」源自1979年4月7日开播、由日本日升制作的机器人动画《机动战士高达》。作品把巨大人形机器人定位为名为「机动战士（モビルスーツ）」的兵器，以国家间战争为舞台，塑造了与以往儿童向机器人动画不同的群像剧；首播时收视不振，但经重播与剧场版而获得广泛支持。\n\n此后系列化，形成以「宇宙世纪」为主的众多续作与外传，并扩展到[[work_gunpla|高达模型]]（GUNPLA）、玩具、游戏、卡牌、活动与实体设施等领域。作品中的世界观与技术设定还被纳入「ガンダムオープンイノベーション」等与现实技术合作的项目。\n\n版权与授权长期由[[organization_sotsu|创通]]作为商品化权窗口管理；2019年万代南梦宫控股完成对创通的收购，2026年4月1日起高达相关事业由[[organization_bandai_namco_filmworks|万代南梦宫影像制作]]统管。系列的动画制作品牌为「SUNRISE」，玩具与模型主要由万代集团企业[[organization_bandai|万代]]及其后继公司发售。", "url": "/concepts/gundam.html", "lang": "en", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh" ], "conceptKind": "media_franchise", "scopeNote": "以1979年《机动战士高达》为起点的日本跨媒体企划，涵盖动画、模型、游戏与授权商品。" }, { "id": "concept_shunde_daliang_bengsha", "type": "concept", "title": "Daliang bengsha (butterfly crisp)", "slug": "shunde-daliang-bengsha", "summary": "Daliang bengsha is a traditional fried snack of Daliang in Shunde, named after the butterfly shape and the Shunde dialect word for butterfly, and made from flour, fermented red bean curd, lard and sugar; its craft joined the district intangible heritage list in 2022.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-food" ], "tags": [], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "乘着地铁寻找顺德非遗，带你了解大良虫崩䖢的百年故事", "author": "新快网", "url": "https://www.xkb.com.cn/article_724481", "locator": "名称读音、李禧记传承与非遗名单段" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "探寻百年老字号 传承非遗匠心情——南涌小学师生走进“李禧记*辉”大良蹦砂非遗研学基地", "author": "顺德区陈村镇南涌小学", "url": "http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzI3MTY5NDE4Ng==\u0026mid=2247499597\u0026idx=1\u0026sn=cd56fbe7a02d320c2343ca74a6035fa6", "locator": "创制年代、梁成章与李禧改良、2022年入名录" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-30T15:16:07+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-30T15:16:07+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 23, "body": "Daliang bengsha, also written pengsha, is a traditional fried snack of Daliang in Shunde whose history reaches back to the Qianlong reign of the Qing, when it was first made by Liang Chengzhang at the Chengji fry shop in Daliang. The finished pieces resemble butterflies, and the Shunde dialect calls a butterfly \"bengsha\", which gave the snack its name.[^s2]\n\n## Preparation\n\nFlour, fermented red bean curd, lard, sugar, baking powder and water are kneaded into a dough, rolled into thin strips, brushed with oil and rolled into tubes; the tubes are sliced, pinched into butterfly shapes and deep-fried until golden. The result is crisp and fragrant with a sharp crunch. Common flavours include red bean curd, oyster sauce, shrimp paste and olive kernel, and the red bean curd version is the one most often sold.[^s1][^s2]\n\n## Transmission\n\nIn 1882 Li Xi opened the Li Xiji shop in Daliang, and after his family improved the craft the snack sold throughout Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao. In 2022 the traditional craft of Daliang bengsha was added to the Shunde district list of representative intangible cultural heritage items.[^s2]\n\n[^s1]: Xinkuai Net, “乘着地铁寻找顺德非遗，带你了解大良虫崩䖢的百年故事”.\n[^s2]: Nanyong Primary School, Chencun, Shunde, “探寻百年老字号 传承非遗匠心情”.", "url": "/concepts/shunde-daliang-bengsha.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "ar", "de", "en", "es", "fr", "hi", "id", "it", "ja", "ko", "ms", "nl", "pt", "ru", "th", "tr", "vi", "zh-hant" ], "conceptKind": "food_dish" }, { "customFields": [ { "key": "line_termini", "value": "Tokyo–Shin-Osaka" }, { "key": "line_opened", "value": "1 October 1964" }, { "key": "line_length", "value": "515.4 km" }, { "key": "line_stations", "value": "17" }, { "key": "line_max_speed", "value": "285 km/h" }, { "key": "line_operator", "value": "Central Japan Railway Company (JR Central)" }, { "key": "line_depots", "value": "Oi Rolling Stock Depot; Hamamatsu Works" }, { "key": "line_status", "value": "In service" }, { "key": "line_owner", "value": "Central Japan Railway Company (JR Central)" } ], "id": "concept_japan_shinkansen_tokaido", "type": "concept", "title": "Tokaido Shinkansen", "slug": "jp-shinkansen-tokaido", "summary": "Opened in 1964, the Tokaido Shinkansen was the world's first high-speed railway. It connects Tokyo and Shin-Osaka over 515.4 km with 17 stations and a maximum operating speed of 285 km/h.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-transit", "category-history", "category-railways" ], "tags": [ "tag-rail" ], "sources": [ { "id": "ja-wiki", "title": "東海道新幹線", "url": "https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E6%96%B0%E5%B9%B9%E7%B7%9A", "locator": "日本語ウィキペディア・公式サイト, 2026-10-28確認" }, { "id": "jrwest-shinkansen-info", "title": "Tokaido Shinkansen station information: JR Odekake Net", "author": "Central Japan Railway Company (JR Central) / West Japan Railway Company (JR West)", "url": "https://www.jr-odekake.net/railroad/shinkansen/", "locator": "Official station selection from Tokyo to Shin-Osaka; checked 30 October 2026" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-28T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-30T16:56:34+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 55, "body": "## Overview\n\nThe Tokaido Shinkansen connects Tokyo and Shin-Osaka. It opened on 1 October 1964 as the world's first high-speed railway. The route is 515.4 km long, has 17 stations, and has a maximum operating speed of 285 km/h, linking the Tokyo, Nagoya and Osaka metropolitan areas.[^ja-wiki]\n\n## Line data\n\n| Item | Details |\n| :--- | :--- |\n| Section | Tokyo–Shin-Osaka |\n| Route length | 515.4 km |\n| Stations | 17 |\n| Maximum speed | 285 km/h |\n| Opening date | 1 October 1964 |\n| Gauge | 1,435 mm (standard gauge) |\n| Operator | [[org_japan_jr_central|Central Japan Railway Company (JR Central)]] |\n\n## History\n\n- Construction began in April 1959.[^ja-wiki]\n- The Tokyo–Shin-Osaka section opened on 1 October 1964.[^ja-wiki]\n- Nozomi services began in 1992.[^ja-wiki]\n\n## Stations\n\nAll 17 stations, in order from Tokyo to Shin-Osaka.[^jrwest-shinkansen-info]\n\n- Tokyo\n- Shinagawa\n- Shin-Yokohama\n- Odawara\n- Atami\n- Mishima\n- Shin-Fuji\n- Shizuoka\n- Kakegawa\n- Hamamatsu\n- Toyohashi\n- Mikawa-Anjo\n- Nagoya\n- Gifu-Hashima\n- Maibara\n- Kyoto\n- Shin-Osaka", "url": "/concepts/jp-shinkansen-tokaido.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "ar", "de", "en", "es", "fr", "hi", "id", "it", "ja", "ko", "ms", "nl", "pt", "ru", "th", "tr", "vi", "zh-hant" ], "conceptKind": "rail_line" } ], "lang": "en", "pagination": { "page": 19, "pageSize": 50, "total": 1434, "pageCount": 29, "prevUrl": "/en/concepts-18.json?type=concept", "nextUrl": "/en/concepts-20.json?type=concept" } }