{
  "contentStorage": "postgres",
  "title": "Vernacular Chinese · Relations",
  "description": "A written form grounded in spoken language, related to but distinct from classical Chinese.",
  "url": "/en/concepts/vernacular-chinese/relation.html",
  "entity": {
    "id": "concept_vernacular",
    "type": "concept",
    "title": "Vernacular Chinese",
    "slug": "vernacular-chinese",
    "aliases": [
      "白话",
      "白话文"
    ],
    "summary": "A written form grounded in spoken language, related to but distinct from classical Chinese.",
    "status": "published",
    "categories": [
      "category-literature"
    ],
    "tags": [
      "tag-literature",
      "tag-education"
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "id": "s1",
        "title": "Written vernacular Chinese (Wikipedia, sample reference)",
        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Written_vernacular_Chinese"
      }
    ],
    "createdAt": "2026-10-24",
    "updatedAt": "2026-10-24",
    "revision": 1,
    "body": "## Scope\n\nVernacular writing has a longer history than the twentieth century. Modern literary reform gave it new prominence.\n\n## Examples\n\n[[work_diary|A Madman's Diary]] and [[work_changshi|Changshi Ji]] illustrate different genres.",
    "url": "/concepts/vernacular-chinese.html",
    "lang": "en",
    "availableLangs": [
      "zh",
      "en"
    ],
    "conceptKind": "term",
    "scopeNote": "This sample focuses on modern literary and educational uses of vernacular writing.",
    "relatedTerms": [
      "classical Chinese",
      "baihua literature",
      "guoyu"
    ]
  },
  "entities": null,
  "relations": [
    {
      "id": "relation_009",
      "fromId": "event_newculture",
      "relationType": "about",
      "toId": "concept_vernacular",
      "sourceRefs": [
        {
          "entityId": "event_newculture",
          "sourceId": "s1"
        }
      ],
      "label": "Discusses this topic",
      "targetId": "event_newculture",
      "targetTitle": "新文化运动",
      "targetUrl": "/en/events/new-culture-movement.html",
      "incoming": true
    },
    {
      "id": "relation_024",
      "fromId": "concept_vernacular",
      "relationType": "exemplified_by",
      "toId": "work_diary",
      "note": "主要指白话正文；小序为文言。",
      "sourceRefs": [
        {
          "entityId": "work_diary",
          "sourceId": "s1"
        }
      ],
      "label": "Examples",
      "targetId": "work_diary",
      "targetTitle": "A Madman's Diary",
      "targetUrl": "/en/works/a-madmans-diary.html",
      "incoming": false
    },
    {
      "id": "relation_025",
      "fromId": "concept_vernacular",
      "relationType": "exemplified_by",
      "toId": "work_changshi",
      "note": "白话诗的实践。",
      "sourceRefs": [
        {
          "entityId": "work_changshi",
          "sourceId": "s1"
        }
      ],
      "label": "Examples",
      "targetId": "work_changshi",
      "targetTitle": "尝试集",
      "targetUrl": "/en/works/changshi-ji.html",
      "incoming": false
    },
    {
      "id": "relation_026",
      "fromId": "concept_newliterature",
      "relationType": "related_to",
      "toId": "concept_vernacular",
      "note": "相关但不等同。",
      "sourceRefs": [
        {
          "entityId": "concept_newliterature",
          "sourceId": "s1"
        }
      ],
      "label": "Related concepts",
      "targetId": "concept_newliterature",
      "targetTitle": "新文学",
      "targetUrl": "/en/concepts/new-literature.html",
      "incoming": true
    }
  ],
  "mentions": [
    {
      "fromId": "concept_newliterature",
      "fromTitle": "新文学",
      "fromUrl": "/en/concepts/new-literature.html",
      "fromType": "concept"
    },
    {
      "fromId": "event_newculture",
      "fromTitle": "新文化运动",
      "fromUrl": "/en/events/new-culture-movement.html",
      "fromType": "event"
    },
    {
      "fromId": "person_hushi",
      "fromTitle": "胡适",
      "fromUrl": "/en/people/hu-shi.html",
      "fromType": "person"
    },
    {
      "fromId": "work_changshi",
      "fromTitle": "尝试集",
      "fromUrl": "/en/works/changshi-ji.html",
      "fromType": "work"
    },
    {
      "fromId": "work_diary",
      "fromTitle": "狂人日记",
      "fromUrl": "/en/works/a-madmans-diary.html",
      "fromType": "work"
    },
    {
      "fromId": "work_newyouth",
      "fromTitle": "新青年",
      "fromUrl": "/en/works/new-youth.html",
      "fromType": "work"
    }
  ],
  "relationGroups": [
    {
      "type": "about",
      "label": "讨论此主题",
      "items": [
        {
          "id": "relation_009",
          "fromId": "event_newculture",
          "relationType": "about",
          "toId": "concept_vernacular",
          "sourceRefs": [
            {
              "entityId": "event_newculture",
              "sourceId": "s1"
            }
          ],
          "label": "讨论此主题",
          "targetId": "event_newculture",
          "targetTitle": "新文化运动",
          "targetUrl": "/en/events/new-culture-movement.html",
          "incoming": true
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "exemplified_by",
      "label": "例证",
      "items": [
        {
          "id": "relation_024",
          "fromId": "concept_vernacular",
          "relationType": "exemplified_by",
          "toId": "work_diary",
          "note": "主要指白话正文；小序为文言。",
          "sourceRefs": [
            {
              "entityId": "work_diary",
              "sourceId": "s1"
            }
          ],
          "label": "例证",
          "targetId": "work_diary",
          "targetTitle": "狂人日记",
          "targetUrl": "/en/works/a-madmans-diary.html",
          "incoming": false
        },
        {
          "id": "relation_025",
          "fromId": "concept_vernacular",
          "relationType": "exemplified_by",
          "toId": "work_changshi",
          "note": "白话诗的实践。",
          "sourceRefs": [
            {
              "entityId": "work_changshi",
              "sourceId": "s1"
            }
          ],
          "label": "例证",
          "targetId": "work_changshi",
          "targetTitle": "尝试集",
          "targetUrl": "/en/works/changshi-ji.html",
          "incoming": false
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "related_to",
      "label": "相关概念",
      "items": [
        {
          "id": "relation_026",
          "fromId": "concept_newliterature",
          "relationType": "related_to",
          "toId": "concept_vernacular",
          "note": "相关但不等同。",
          "sourceRefs": [
            {
              "entityId": "concept_newliterature",
              "sourceId": "s1"
            }
          ],
          "label": "相关概念",
          "targetId": "concept_newliterature",
          "targetTitle": "新文学",
          "targetUrl": "/en/concepts/new-literature.html",
          "incoming": true
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "en",
  "availableLangs": [
    "zh",
    "en"
  ],
  "infoFields": [
    {
      "key": "concept_kind",
      "label": "Concept kind",
      "value": "Term"
    },
    {
      "key": "aliases",
      "label": "Aliases",
      "value": "白话, 白话文"
    },
    {
      "key": "related_terms",
      "label": "Related terms",
      "value": "classical Chinese, baihua literature, guoyu"
    },
    {
      "key": "scope_note",
      "label": "Scope note",
      "value": "This sample focuses on modern literary and educational uses of vernacular writing."
    }
  ],
  "pagination": {
    "page": 1,
    "pageSize": 50,
    "total": 4,
    "pageCount": 1
  },
  "relationsTotal": 4,
  "mentionsTotal": 6
}