{ "contentStorage": "postgres", "title": "Hot", "description": "Ranked by recent page views (last 7 days) when traffic stats exist; otherwise entries tagged hot or featured, or those with the most relations.", "url": "/en/hot-420.html", "entities": [ { "id": "place_us_al_blue_ridge", "type": "place", "title": "Blue Ridge", "slug": "al-blue-ridge", "summary": "Blue Ridge is a town in Alabama, United States.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-geography" ], "tags": [], "sources": [ { "id": "geonames", "title": "GeoNames US dataset (US.txt / admin2Codes.txt)", "url": "https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/US.zip" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-29T11:41:14+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T11:41:14+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 2, "body": "## Overview\n\nBlue Ridge is a town in [[place_us_al|Alabama]], United States, with a population of about 1,341[^geonames].\n\n## Geography\n\n- Coordinates: 32.4926, -86.1905", "url": "/places/al-blue-ridge.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "placeKind": "town", "coordinates": { "latitude": 32.49264, "longitude": -86.19052 }, "adminArea": "United States · Alabama · Blue Ridge" }, { "id": "place_us_or_harney_county", "type": "place", "title": "Harney County", "slug": "or-harney-county", "summary": "Harney County is a county of Oregon, United States.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-geography" ], "tags": [], "sources": [ { "id": "geonames", "title": "GeoNames US dataset (US.txt / admin2Codes.txt)", "url": "https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/US.zip" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-29T10:34:32+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T10:34:32+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 2, "body": "## Overview\n\nHarney County is a county of [[place_us_or|Oregon]], United States (FIPS or025), with a population of about 7,575[^geonames].\n\n## Geography\n\n- Coordinates: 43.0640, -118.9679\n- Time zone: America/Los_Angeles", "url": "/places/or-harney-county.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "placeKind": "county", "coordinates": { "latitude": 43.06402, "longitude": -118.96787 }, "adminArea": "United States · Oregon · Harney County" }, { "id": "place_us_ut_carbon_county", "type": "place", "title": "Carbon County", "slug": "ut-carbon-county", "summary": "Carbon County is a county of Utah, United States.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-geography" ], "tags": [], "sources": [ { "id": "geonames", "title": "GeoNames US dataset (US.txt / admin2Codes.txt)", "url": "https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/US.zip" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-29T10:34:09+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T10:34:09+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 2, "body": "## Overview\n\nCarbon County is a county of [[place_us_ut|Utah]], United States (FIPS ut007), with a population of about 20,412[^geonames].\n\n## Geography\n\n- Coordinates: 39.6482, -110.5890\n- Time zone: America/Denver", "url": "/places/ut-carbon-county.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "placeKind": "county", "coordinates": { "latitude": 39.64817, "longitude": -110.58898 }, "adminArea": "United States · Utah · Carbon County" }, { "id": "place_us_tx_armstrong_county", "type": "place", "title": "Armstrong County", "slug": "tx-armstrong-county", "summary": "Armstrong County is a county of Texas, United States.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-geography" ], "tags": [], "sources": [ { "id": "geonames", "title": "GeoNames US dataset (US.txt / admin2Codes.txt)", "url": "https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/US.zip" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-29T10:33:59+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T10:33:59+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 2, "body": "## Overview\n\nArmstrong County is a county of [[place_us_tx|Texas]], United States (FIPS tx011), with a population of about 1,848[^geonames].\n\n## Geography\n\n- Coordinates: 34.9649, -101.3574\n- Time zone: America/Chicago", "url": "/places/tx-armstrong-county.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "placeKind": "county", "coordinates": { "latitude": 34.96493, "longitude": -101.3574 }, "adminArea": "United States · Texas · Armstrong County" }, { "id": "place_us_nm_grant_county", "type": "place", "title": "Grant County", "slug": "nm-grant-county", "summary": "Grant County is a county of New Mexico, United States.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-geography" ], "tags": [], "sources": [ { "id": "geonames", "title": "GeoNames US dataset (US.txt / admin2Codes.txt)", "url": "https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/US.zip" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-29T10:33:56+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T10:33:56+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 2, "body": "## Overview\n\nGrant County is a county of [[place_us_nm|New Mexico]], United States (FIPS nm017), with a population of about 29,514[^geonames].\n\n## Geography\n\n- Coordinates: 32.7390, -108.3822\n- Time zone: America/Denver", "url": "/places/nm-grant-county.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "placeKind": "county", "coordinates": { "latitude": 32.73901, "longitude": -108.38225 }, "adminArea": "United States · New Mexico · Grant County" }, { "id": "place_us_ca_napa_county", "type": "place", "title": "Napa County", "slug": "ca-napa-county", "summary": "Napa County is a county of California, United States.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-geography" ], "tags": [], "sources": [ { "id": "geonames", "title": "GeoNames US dataset (US.txt / admin2Codes.txt)", "url": "https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/US.zip" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-29T10:33:44+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T10:33:44+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 2, "body": "## Overview\n\nNapa County is a county of [[place_us_ca|California]], United States (FIPS ca055), with a population of about 136,484[^geonames].\n\n## Geography\n\n- Coordinates: 38.5065, -122.3305\n- Time zone: America/Los_Angeles", "url": "/places/ca-napa-county.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "placeKind": "county", "coordinates": { "latitude": 38.50647, "longitude": -122.33053 }, "adminArea": "United States · California · Napa County" }, { "id": "place_us_mn_dodge_county", "type": "place", "title": "Dodge County", "slug": "mn-dodge-county", "summary": "Dodge County is a county of Minnesota, United States.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-geography" ], "tags": [], "sources": [ { "id": "geonames", "title": "GeoNames US dataset (US.txt / admin2Codes.txt)", "url": "https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/US.zip" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-29T10:32:49+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T10:32:49+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 2, "body": "## Overview\n\nDodge County is a county of [[place_us_mn|Minnesota]], United States (FIPS mn039), with a population of about 20,935[^geonames].\n\n## Geography\n\n- Coordinates: 44.0226, -92.8620\n- Time zone: America/Chicago", "url": "/places/mn-dodge-county.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "placeKind": "county", "coordinates": { "latitude": 44.02259, "longitude": -92.86205 }, "adminArea": "United States · Minnesota · Dodge County" }, { "id": "place_us_mi_mackinac_county", "type": "place", "title": "Mackinac County", "slug": "mi-mackinac-county", "summary": "Mackinac County is a county of Michigan, United States.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-geography" ], "tags": [], "sources": [ { "id": "geonames", "title": "GeoNames US dataset (US.txt / admin2Codes.txt)", "url": "https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/US.zip" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-29T10:32:42+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T10:32:42+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 2, "body": "## Overview\n\nMackinac County is a county of [[place_us_mi|Michigan]], United States (FIPS mi097), with a population of about 10,834[^geonames].\n\n## Geography\n\n- Coordinates: 45.8718, -84.7623\n- Time zone: America/Detroit", "url": "/places/mi-mackinac-county.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "placeKind": "county", "coordinates": { "latitude": 45.87184, "longitude": -84.76227 }, "adminArea": "United States · Michigan · Mackinac County" }, { "id": "place_us_tx_robertson_county", "type": "place", "title": "Robertson County", "slug": "tx-robertson-county", "summary": "Robertson County is a county of Texas, United States.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-geography" ], "tags": [], "sources": [ { "id": "geonames", "title": "GeoNames US dataset (US.txt / admin2Codes.txt)", "url": "https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/US.zip" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-29T10:31:54+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T10:31:54+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 2, "body": "## Overview\n\nRobertson County is a county of [[place_us_tx|Texas]], United States (FIPS tx395), with a population of about 16,757[^geonames].\n\n## Geography\n\n- Coordinates: 31.0270, -96.5128\n- Time zone: America/Chicago", "url": "/places/tx-robertson-county.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "placeKind": "county", "coordinates": { "latitude": 31.02704, "longitude": -96.51279 }, "adminArea": "United States · Texas · Robertson County" }, { "id": "place_us_tx_erath_county", "type": "place", "title": "Erath County", "slug": "tx-erath-county", "summary": "Erath County is a county of Texas, United States.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-geography" ], "tags": [], "sources": [ { "id": "geonames", "title": "GeoNames US dataset (US.txt / admin2Codes.txt)", "url": "https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/US.zip" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-29T10:31:44+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T10:31:44+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 2, "body": "## Overview\n\nErath County is a county of [[place_us_tx|Texas]], United States (FIPS tx143), with a population of about 42,545[^geonames].\n\n## Geography\n\n- Coordinates: 32.2363, -98.2180\n- Time zone: America/Chicago", "url": "/places/tx-erath-county.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "placeKind": "county", "coordinates": { "latitude": 32.23626, "longitude": -98.21797 }, "adminArea": "United States · Texas · Erath County" }, { "id": "place_us_tn_lewis_county", "type": "place", "title": "Lewis County", "slug": "tn-lewis-county", "summary": "Lewis County is a county of Tennessee, United States.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-geography" ], "tags": [], "sources": [ { "id": "geonames", "title": "GeoNames US dataset (US.txt / admin2Codes.txt)", "url": "https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/US.zip" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-29T10:31:35+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T10:31:35+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 2, "body": "## Overview\n\nLewis County is a county of [[place_us_tn|Tennessee]], United States (FIPS tn101), with a population of about 12,582[^geonames].\n\n## Geography\n\n- Coordinates: 35.5273, -87.4931\n- Time zone: America/Chicago", "url": "/places/tn-lewis-county.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "placeKind": "county", "coordinates": { "latitude": 35.52728, "longitude": -87.4931 }, "adminArea": "United States · Tennessee · Lewis County" }, { "id": "place_us_ms_clarke_county", "type": "place", "title": "Clarke County", "slug": "ms-clarke-county", "summary": "Clarke County is a county of Mississippi, United States.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-geography" ], "tags": [], "sources": [ { "id": "geonames", "title": "GeoNames US dataset (US.txt / admin2Codes.txt)", "url": "https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/US.zip" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-29T10:30:56+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T10:30:56+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 2, "body": "## Overview\n\nClarke County is a county of [[place_us_ms|Mississippi]], United States (FIPS ms023), with a population of about 15,604[^geonames].\n\n## Geography\n\n- Coordinates: 32.0414, -88.6894\n- Time zone: America/Chicago", "url": "/places/ms-clarke-county.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "placeKind": "county", "coordinates": { "latitude": 32.0414, "longitude": -88.6894 }, "adminArea": "United States · Mississippi · Clarke County" }, { "id": "place_us_ks_rice_county", "type": "place", "title": "Rice County", "slug": "ks-rice-county", "summary": "Rice County is a county of Kansas, United States.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-geography" ], "tags": [], "sources": [ { "id": "geonames", "title": "GeoNames US dataset (US.txt / admin2Codes.txt)", "url": "https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/US.zip" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-29T10:30:23+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T10:30:23+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 2, "body": "## Overview\n\nRice County is a county of [[place_us_ks|Kansas]], United States (FIPS ks159), with a population of about 9,427[^geonames].\n\n## Geography\n\n- Coordinates: 38.3471, -98.2010\n- Time zone: America/Chicago", "url": "/places/ks-rice-county.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "placeKind": "county", "coordinates": { "latitude": 38.34714, "longitude": -98.20103 }, "adminArea": "United States · Kansas · Rice County" }, { "id": "place_us_ks_chase_county", "type": "place", "title": "Chase County", "slug": "ks-chase-county", "summary": "Chase County is a county of Kansas, United States.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-geography" ], "tags": [], "sources": [ { "id": "geonames", "title": "GeoNames US dataset (US.txt / admin2Codes.txt)", "url": "https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/US.zip" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-29T10:30:17+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T10:30:17+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 2, "body": "## Overview\n\nChase County is a county of [[place_us_ks|Kansas]], United States (FIPS ks017), with a population of about 2,572[^geonames].\n\n## Geography\n\n- Coordinates: 38.3021, -96.5939\n- Time zone: America/Chicago", "url": "/places/ks-chase-county.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "placeKind": "county", "coordinates": { "latitude": 38.30205, "longitude": -96.59393 }, "adminArea": "United States · Kansas · Chase County" }, { "id": "place_us_in_parke_county", "type": "place", "title": "Parke County", "slug": "in-parke-county", "summary": "Parke County is a county of Indiana, United States.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-geography" ], "tags": [], "sources": [ { "id": "geonames", "title": "GeoNames US dataset (US.txt / admin2Codes.txt)", "url": "https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/US.zip" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-29T10:30:15+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T10:30:15+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 2, "body": "## Overview\n\nParke County is a county of [[place_us_in|Indiana]], United States (FIPS in121), with a population of about 16,927[^geonames].\n\n## Geography\n\n- Coordinates: 39.7736, -87.2064\n- Time zone: America/Indiana/Indianapolis", "url": "/places/in-parke-county.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "placeKind": "county", "coordinates": { "latitude": 39.77363, "longitude": -87.20636 }, "adminArea": "United States · Indiana · Parke County" }, { "id": "place_us_il_saline_county", "type": "place", "title": "Saline County", "slug": "il-saline-county", "summary": "Saline County is a county of Illinois, United States.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-geography" ], "tags": [], "sources": [ { "id": "geonames", "title": "GeoNames US dataset (US.txt / admin2Codes.txt)", "url": "https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/US.zip" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-29T10:30:09+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T10:30:09+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 2, "body": "## Overview\n\nSaline County is a county of [[place_us_il|Illinois]], United States (FIPS il165), with a population of about 23,768[^geonames].\n\n## Geography\n\n- Coordinates: 37.7532, -88.5408\n- Time zone: America/Chicago", "url": "/places/il-saline-county.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "placeKind": "county", "coordinates": { "latitude": 37.75318, "longitude": -88.5408 }, "adminArea": "United States · Illinois · Saline County" }, { "id": "place_us_il_alexander_county", "type": "place", "title": "Alexander County", "slug": "il-alexander-county", "summary": "Alexander County is a county of Illinois, United States.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-geography" ], "tags": [], "sources": [ { "id": "geonames", "title": "GeoNames US dataset (US.txt / admin2Codes.txt)", "url": "https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/US.zip" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-29T10:30:04+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T10:30:04+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 2, "body": "## Overview\n\nAlexander County is a county of [[place_us_il|Illinois]], United States (FIPS il003), with a population of about 8,238[^geonames].\n\n## Geography\n\n- Coordinates: 37.1916, -89.3376\n- Time zone: America/Chicago", "url": "/places/il-alexander-county.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "placeKind": "county", "coordinates": { "latitude": 37.1916, "longitude": -89.33764 }, "adminArea": "United States · Illinois · Alexander County" }, { "id": "place_us_ga_jones_county", "type": "place", "title": "Jones County", "slug": "ga-jones-county", "summary": "Jones County is a county of Georgia, United States.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-geography" ], "tags": [], "sources": [ { "id": "geonames", "title": "GeoNames US dataset (US.txt / admin2Codes.txt)", "url": "https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/US.zip" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-29T10:29:55+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T10:29:55+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 2, "body": "## Overview\n\nJones County is a county of [[place_us_ga|Georgia]], United States (FIPS ga169), with a population of about 28,616[^geonames].\n\n## Geography\n\n- Coordinates: 33.0251, -83.5605\n- Time zone: America/New_York", "url": "/places/ga-jones-county.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "placeKind": "county", "coordinates": { "latitude": 33.02513, "longitude": -83.56052 }, "adminArea": "United States · Georgia · Jones County" }, { "id": "place_us_sd_pennington_county", "type": "place", "title": "Pennington County", "slug": "sd-pennington-county", "aliases": [ "彭宁顿县" ], "summary": "Pennington County is a county in South Dakota, United States, with county seat Rapid City.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-geography" ], "tags": [], "sources": [ { "id": "enwiki", "title": "Pennington County (Wikipedia)", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennington_County" }, { "id": "uscb2023", "title": "U.S. Census Bureau 2023 FIPS state and county codes", "url": "https://www.census.gov/library/reference/code-lists/ansi.html" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-29T03:05:39+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T03:05:39+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 4, "body": "## Administrative divisions\n\nPennington County is a county in South Dakota, United States; the county seat is Rapid City[^uscb2023].\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- State: [[place_us_sd|South Dakota]]\n- County seat: Rapid City[^uscb2023]\n- Division level: county[^uscb2023]\n\n## Parent division\n\nLocated in [[place_us_sd|South Dakota]].", "url": "/places/sd-pennington-county.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "placeKind": "county", "coordinates": { "latitude": 44.08, "longitude": -103.23 }, "adminArea": "United States · South Dakota · Pennington County" }, { "id": "place_us_al_montgomery_county", "type": "place", "title": "Montgomery County", "slug": "al-montgomery-county", "aliases": [ "蒙哥马利县" ], "summary": "Montgomery County is a county in Alabama, United States, with county seat Montgomery.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-geography" ], "tags": [], "sources": [ { "id": "enwiki", "title": "Montgomery County (Wikipedia)", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montgomery_County" }, { "id": "uscb2023", "title": "U.S. Census Bureau 2023 FIPS state and county codes", "url": "https://www.census.gov/library/reference/code-lists/ansi.html" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-29T03:05:17+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T03:05:17+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 4, "body": "## Administrative divisions\n\nMontgomery County is a county in Alabama, United States; the county seat is Montgomery[^uscb2023].\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- State: [[place_us_al|Alabama]]\n- County seat: Montgomery[^uscb2023]\n- Division level: county[^uscb2023]\n\n## Parent division\n\nLocated in [[place_us_al|Alabama]].", "url": "/places/al-montgomery-county.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "placeKind": "county", "coordinates": { "latitude": 32.2203, "longitude": -86.2072 }, "adminArea": "United States · Alabama · Montgomery County" }, { "id": "place_us_ny_syracuse", "type": "place", "title": "Syracuse", "slug": "ny-syracuse", "aliases": [ "锡拉丘兹" ], "summary": "Syracuse is a city in New York, United States.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-geography" ], "tags": [], "sources": [ { "id": "enwiki", "title": "Syracuse (Wikipedia)", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syracuse" }, { "id": "uscb2023", "title": "U.S. Census Bureau 2023 FIPS state and county codes", "url": "https://www.census.gov/library/reference/code-lists/ansi.html" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-29T03:05:58+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T03:05:58+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 4, "body": "## Administrative divisions\n\nSyracuse is a city in New York, United States[^uscb2023].\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- State: [[place_us_ny|New York]]\n- County: Onondaga County[^enwiki]\n- Population: about 145,000 (2023 estimate)[^uscb2023]\n- Division level: city[^uscb2023]\n\n## Parent division\n\nLocated in [[place_us_ny|New York]].", "url": "/places/ny-syracuse.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "placeKind": "city", "coordinates": { "latitude": 43.0481, "longitude": -76.1474 }, "adminArea": "United States · New York · Syracuse" }, { "id": "place_us_oh_columbus", "type": "place", "title": "Columbus", "slug": "oh-columbus", "aliases": [ "哥伦布" ], "summary": "Columbus is a city in Ohio, United States.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-geography" ], "tags": [], "sources": [ { "id": "enwiki", "title": "Columbus (Wikipedia)", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbus" }, { "id": "uscb2023", "title": "U.S. Census Bureau 2023 FIPS state and county codes", "url": "https://www.census.gov/library/reference/code-lists/ansi.html" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-29T03:05:59+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T03:05:59+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 4, "body": "## Administrative divisions\n\nColumbus is a city in Ohio, United States[^uscb2023].\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- State: [[place_us_oh|Ohio]]\n- County: Franklin County[^enwiki]\n- Population: about 913,175 (2023 estimate)[^uscb2023]\n- Division level: city[^uscb2023]\n\n## Parent division\n\nLocated in [[place_us_oh|Ohio]].\n\n## Subdivisions\n\nMajor neighborhoods: [[place_us_oh_columbus_short_north|Short North]], [[place_us_oh_columbus_german_village|German Village]], [[place_us_oh_columbus_arena_district|Arena District]], [[place_us_oh_columbus_clintonville|Clintonville]].", "url": "/places/oh-columbus.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "placeKind": "city", "coordinates": { "latitude": 39.9612, "longitude": -82.9988 }, "adminArea": "United States · Ohio · Columbus" }, { "id": "place_us_ky_lexington", "type": "place", "title": "Lexington", "slug": "ky-lexington", "aliases": [ "列克星敦" ], "summary": "Lexington is a city in Kentucky, United States.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-geography" ], "tags": [], "sources": [ { "id": "enwiki", "title": "Lexington (Wikipedia)", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lexington" }, { "id": "uscb2023", "title": "U.S. Census Bureau 2023 FIPS state and county codes", "url": "https://www.census.gov/library/reference/code-lists/ansi.html" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-29T03:05:51+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T03:05:51+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 4, "body": "## Administrative divisions\n\nLexington is a city in Kentucky, United States[^uscb2023].\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- State: [[place_us_ky|Kentucky]]\n- County: Fayette County[^enwiki]\n- Population: about 323,000 (2023 estimate)[^uscb2023]\n- Division level: city[^uscb2023]\n\n## Parent division\n\nLocated in [[place_us_ky|Kentucky]].", "url": "/places/ky-lexington.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "placeKind": "city", "coordinates": { "latitude": 38.0406, "longitude": -84.5037 }, "adminArea": "United States · Kentucky · Lexington" }, { "id": "place_beijing_majiapu_east_road", "type": "place", "title": "马家堡东路", "slug": "beijing-majiapu-east-road", "summary": "马家堡东路是北京市政府2010年架空缆线入地整治通告提及的道路。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-geography" ], "tags": [ "tag-modern-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "official", "title": "北京市人民政府公报2010年第16期", "author": "北京市人民政府办公厅", "url": "https://www.beijing.gov.cn/zhengce/zfgb/lsgb/201905/W020191122328562973175.pdf" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-27T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-28T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 2, "body": "北京市人民政府2010年架空缆线入地整治通告提及马家堡东路；通告中作为整治范围或相关范围边界的具体表述及适用期限，以官方公报原文为准。[^official]", "url": "/places/beijing-majiapu-east-road.html", "lang": "en", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh" ], "placeKind": "道路" }, { "id": "concept_vernacular", "type": "concept", "title": "Vernacular Chinese", "slug": "vernacular-chinese", "aliases": [ "白话", "白话文" ], "summary": "A written form grounded in spoken language, related to but distinct from classical Chinese.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-literature" ], "tags": [ "tag-literature", "tag-education" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Written vernacular Chinese (Wikipedia, sample reference)", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Written_vernacular_Chinese" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-24T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-24T00:00:00+08:00", "revision": 1, "body": "## Scope\n\nVernacular writing has a longer history than the twentieth century. Modern literary reform gave it new prominence.\n\n## Examples\n\n[[work_diary|A Madman's Diary]] and [[work_changshi|Changshi Ji]] illustrate different genres.", "url": "/concepts/vernacular-chinese.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "conceptKind": "term", "scopeNote": "This sample focuses on modern literary and educational uses of vernacular writing.", "relatedTerms": [ "classical Chinese", "baihua literature", "guoyu" ] }, { "id": "person_terrence_olliverre", "type": "person", "title": "特伦斯·奥利韦尔", "slug": "terrence-olliverre", "aliases": [ "Terrence Olliverre" ], "summary": "特伦斯·奥利韦尔（Terrence Olliverre）是圣文森特和格林纳丁斯政治人物，2025年12月2日起任高等教育、格林纳丁斯事务、地方政府、机场与海港部长，2026年11月仍在任。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history" ], "tags": [], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "搜索之光报：圣文森特和格林纳丁斯新内阁宣誓就职（2025-12-03）", "url": "https://www.searchlight.vc/news/2025/12/03/new-cabinet-takes-office-st-vincent-grenadines/" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "目击者新闻：17人内阁宣誓，部分分工引疑问（2025-12-04）", "url": "https://www.iwnsvg.com/2025/12/04/questions-about-some-portfolios-as-17-member-cabinet-sworn-in/" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-05T17:32:52+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-05T17:32:52+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 1, "body": "## 概述\n特伦斯·奥利韦尔（Terrence Olliverre）是圣文森特和格林纳丁斯政治人物，2025年12月2日起任高等教育、格林纳丁斯事务、地方政府、机场与海港部长，2026年11月仍在任。\n\n## 早年与教育\n未详。公开资料未见其出生年月与早年教育经历。\n\n## 职业与从政经历\n2025年11月27日大选中当选议员，同年12月2日出任高等教育、格林纳丁斯事务、地方政府、机场与海港部长，该部将高等教育与格林纳丁斯发展、交通枢纽职能合并。\n\n## 主要事迹与主张\n主管高等教育、格林纳丁斯事务与地方政府事务；具体事迹与主张公开资料未详。\n\n## 现任职务\n2026年11月在任：圣文森特和格林纳丁斯高等教育、格林纳丁斯事务、地方政府、机场与海港部长。\n\n## 来源\n[^1] 搜索之光报：圣文森特和格林纳丁斯新内阁宣誓就职（2025-12-03）。\n[^2] 目击者新闻：17人内阁宣誓，部分分工引疑问（2025-12-04）。", "url": "/people/terrence-olliverre.html", "lang": "en", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh" ], "occupations": [ "政治人物", "部长" ] }, { "id": "organization_belize_ministry_of_infrastructure_development_and_housing", "type": "organization", "title": "伯利兹基础设施发展与住房部", "slug": "belize-ministry-of-infrastructure-development-and-housing", "aliases": [ "Ministry of Infrastructure Development and Housing" ], "summary": "伯利兹政府组成部门，主管基础设施建设与住房事务。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history" ], "tags": [], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "伯利兹领导人与内阁成员（美国中情局《世界领导人》，2026-07-14更新）", "url": "https://www.cia.gov/resources/world-leaders/foreign-governments/belize/" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "伯利兹内阁调整新闻稿（总理府，2026-10-06）", "url": "https://www.pressoffice.gov.bz/wp-content/uploads/2026/10/Oct-6-PR249-26-Cabinet-Adjustments-Announced.pdf" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-05T17:25:03+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-05T17:25:03+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 1, "body": "## 概述\n\n伯利兹基础设施发展与住房部是伯利兹政府的组成部门，主管基础设施建设与住房发展。\n\n## 历史沿革\n\n该部长期负责伯利兹基建与住房事务。2025年3月，朱利叶斯·埃斯帕特出任该部部长，此后留任；2026年内政部代理事务结束后，他回归专任该部部长。\n\n## 主要职能\n\n规划与建设道路、桥梁等公共基础设施；发展保障性住房；管理政府工程项目。\n\n## 组织结构\n\n该部由部长领导，下设基础设施、住房等业务部门，具体内设机构未详。\n\n## 现任负责人\n\n部长：朱利叶斯·埃斯帕特（2025年3月就任）。\n\n## 总部与联系方式\n\n总部位于首都贝尔莫潘，具体地址未详。\n\n## 来源\n\n伯利兹领导人与内阁成员（美国中情局《世界领导人》）；伯利兹内阁调整新闻稿。", "url": "/organizations/belize-ministry-of-infrastructure-development-and-housing.html", "lang": "en", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh" ], "orgKind": "政府机构" }, { "id": "organization_barbados_ministry_of_innovation_industry_science_and_technology", "type": "organization", "title": "巴巴多斯创新、工业、科学与技术部", "slug": "barbados-ministry-of-innovation-industry-science-and-technology", "aliases": [ "Ministry of Innovation, Industry, Science and Technology" ], "summary": "巴巴多斯政府组成部门，主管创新、工业发展与科技政策。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history" ], "tags": [], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "巴巴多斯内阁（英文维基百科，2026年2月12日大选后组成）", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabinet_of_Barbados" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "巴巴多斯新内阁名单（Barbados Today，2026-02-16）", "url": "https://barbadostoday.bb/2026/02/16/new-ministerial-team-to-deliver-on-accountability-performance/" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-05T17:18:56+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-05T17:18:56+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 1, "body": "## 概述\n\n巴巴多斯创新、工业、科学与技术部是巴巴多斯政府的组成部门，主管技术创新、工业发展与科学政策。\n\n## 历史沿革\n\n该部长期负责巴巴多斯创新与工业事务。2026年2月，乔纳森·里德留任该部部长。\n\n## 主要职能\n\n制定创新与科技政策；扶持工业发展与制造业；推动数字化转型与科研合作。\n\n## 组织结构\n\n该部由部长领导，下设创新、工业与科技等业务部门，具体内设机构未详。\n\n## 现任负责人\n\n部长：乔纳森·里德（2026年2月留任）。\n\n## 总部与联系方式\n\n总部位于首都布里奇顿，具体地址未详。\n\n## 来源\n\n巴巴多斯内阁（英文维基百科）；Barbados Today 2026年2月内阁报道。", "url": "/organizations/barbados-ministry-of-innovation-industry-science-and-technology.html", "lang": "en", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh" ], "orgKind": "政府机构" }, { "id": "person_fred_mitchell", "type": "person", "title": "弗雷德·米切尔", "slug": "fred-mitchell", "aliases": [ "Fred Mitchell" ], "summary": "巴哈马政治人物，现任外交与移民部长，2021年9月起任职，2026年5月连任留任。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history" ], "tags": [], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "巴哈马领导人与内阁成员（美国中情局《世界领导人》，2026-06-30更新）", "url": "https://www.cia.gov/resources/world-leaders/foreign-governments/bahamas-the" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "巴哈马内阁名单与分工（Tribune242，2026-05-18）", "url": "http://www.tribune242.com/news/2026/may/18/cabinet-line-up-changes-and-appointments-announced/" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "巴哈马内阁分工政府公报（2026-0064，2026-05-19）", "url": "https://laws.bahamas.gov.bs/cms/images/LEGISLATION/GAZETTES/2026/2026-0064/2026-0064.pdf" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-05T17:14:40+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-05T17:14:40+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 1, "body": "弗雷德·米切尔（Fred Mitchell）是巴哈马政治人物，现任外交与移民部长。出生年月与教育背景未详。\n\n## 早年与教育\n\n米切尔早年学习法律，长期从事律师与政治工作。出生年月与毕业院校未详。\n\n## 职业与从政经历\n\n米切尔曾任众议院议员，2002年至2007年、2012年至2017年两度任外交部长。2021年9月戴维斯政府上台后，他第三度出任外交部长。2026年5月大选后留任，职衔改为外交与移民部长。\n\n## 主要事迹与主张\n\n任外交部长期间主管巴哈马对外关系、加勒比共同体事务与移民政策，多次代表巴哈马出席联合国大会与加共体会议。\n\n## 现任职务\n\n巴哈马外交与移民部长，2021年9月就任，2026年5月留任至今。\n\n## 来源\n\n美国中情局《世界领导人》巴哈马页；Tribune242 2026年5月内阁报道；巴哈马内阁分工政府公报。", "url": "/people/fred-mitchell.html", "lang": "en", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh" ], "occupations": [ "政治人物", "巴哈马外交与移民部长" ] }, { "id": "organization_lesotho_environment", "type": "organization", "title": "莱索托环境与林业部", "slug": "lesotho-environment", "aliases": [ "Ministry of Environment and Forestry" ], "summary": "莱索托环境与林业部是莱索托政府主管环境保护与林业的部门，现任部长为塔博·莫福西，总部位于马塞卢。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history" ], "tags": [], "sources": [ { "id": "s-ls-cia", "title": "Lesotho — World Leaders（美国中央情报局，2026-06-05更新）", "url": "https://www.cia.gov/resources/world-leaders/foreign-governments/lesotho/" }, { "id": "s-ls-reshuffle", "title": "Lesotho cabinet reshuffle takes effect as two ministers released（2026-04-29改组）", "url": "https://swazi24.com/45026/news/politics/lesotho-cabinet-reshuffle-takes-effect-as-two-ministers-released/" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-05T16:45:56+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-05T16:45:56+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 1, "body": "## 概述\n\n莱索托环境与林业部（Ministry of Environment and Forestry）是莱索托政府主管环境保护、森林管理与气候变化的部门。\n\n## 历史沿革\n\n由原环境与林业相关职能整合设立，负责应对水土流失与气候变化挑战。\n\n## 主要职能\n\n制定环境与气候政策；管理森林资源与水土保持；负责环境影响评价与自然保护。\n\n## 组织结构\n\n部长为塔博·莫福西（Thabo Mofosi）；下设环境、林业等分支。\n\n## 现任负责人\n\n现任部长：塔博·莫福西（Thabo Mofosi），2026年4月29日至今任职。\n\n## 总部与联系方式\n\n总部：莱索托马塞卢。\n\n## 来源\n\n详见本条目来源列表。", "url": "/organizations/lesotho-environment.html", "lang": "en", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh" ], "orgKind": "政府机构" }, { "id": "person_kevin_farrell", "type": "person", "title": "凯文·法雷尔", "slug": "kevin-farrell", "aliases": [ "Kevin Joseph Farrell", "法雷尔" ], "summary": "梵蒂冈政治人物，现任梵蒂冈总司库，2019年2月14日就任。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history" ], "tags": [], "sources": [ { "id": "wiki-kevin-farrell-cardinal", "title": "Kevin Farrell (cardinal)（英文维基百科）", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin_Farrell_(cardinal)" }, { "id": "vapope", "title": "利奥十四世2025年5月8日当选教宗、帕罗林留任国务卿（综合：梵蒂冈新闻办公室2026年10月29日公报；1news 2026-10-17）", "url": "https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/bollettino/pubblico/2026/10/29/261029c.html" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-05T16:06:48+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-05T16:06:48+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 1, "body": "凯文·法雷尔（Kevin Farrell），1947年9月2日生于爱尔兰都柏林，梵蒂冈政治人物，现任梵蒂冈总司库。\n\n## 早年与教育\n\n法雷尔1947年9月2日生于爱尔兰都柏林，1978年晋铎，长期在美国达拉斯教区工作。\n\n## 职业与从政经历\n\n曾任达拉斯教区辅理主教、主教；2016年任圣座平信徒、家庭和生命部部长并晋升枢机；2019年2月出任总司库。\n\n## 主要事迹与主张\n\n任总司库期间主管宗座空缺期行政，2025年4月21日方济各教宗去世后主持空缺期事务，直至利奥十四世当选。\n\n## 现任职务\n\n梵蒂冈总司库，2019年2月14日就任至今；教宗出缺期间代管圣座行政与宗座空缺期事务。\n\n## 来源\n\nKevin Farrell (cardinal)（英文维基百科）；利奥十四世2025年5月8日当选教宗、帕罗林留任国务卿（综合：梵蒂冈新闻办公室2026年10月29日公报；1news 2026-10-17）。", "url": "/people/kevin-farrell.html", "lang": "en", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh" ], "birth": { "year": 1947, "display": "1947年9月2日生于爱尔兰都柏林" }, "occupations": [ "政治人物", "梵蒂冈总司库" ] }, { "id": "organization_pakistan_defence", "type": "organization", "title": "巴基斯坦国防部", "slug": "pakistan-defence", "aliases": [ "Ministry of Defence" ], "summary": "巴基斯坦国防部是巴基斯坦政府主管国防事务的部门，现任部长为卡瓦贾·阿西夫，总部位于拉瓦尔品第。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history" ], "tags": [], "sources": [ { "id": "src-pak-cabinet", "title": "Second Shehbaz Sharif government（维基百科，第二届夏巴兹·谢里夫内阁）", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Shehbaz_Sharif_government" }, { "id": "src-cia-pak", "title": "Pakistan — World Leaders（美国中央情报局）", "url": "https://www.cia.gov/resources/world-leaders/foreign-governments/pakistan" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-05T15:17:18+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-05T15:17:18+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 1, "body": "## 概述\n\n巴基斯坦国防部（Ministry of Defence）是巴基斯坦政府主管国防政策与武装力量行政管理的联邦部门。\n\n## 历史沿革\n\n1947年独立时设立；总部设于拉瓦尔品第，与陆军总部毗邻。\n\n## 主要职能\n\n制定国防政策与国防预算；管理三军行政事务；负责国防生产与军事采购；协调三军与文职政府关系。\n\n## 组织结构\n\n部长为卡瓦贾·阿西夫；下设国防秘书领导的秘书处；辖三军总部、国防生产机构与军事土地管理部门。\n\n## 现任负责人\n\n现任部长：卡瓦贾·阿西夫（Khawaja Asif），2024年3月11日至今任职。\n\n## 总部与联系方式\n\n总部：巴基斯坦拉瓦尔品第卡尔瓦尔路国防部大楼。\n\n## 来源\n\n详见本条目来源列表。", "url": "/organizations/pakistan-defence.html", "lang": "en", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh" ], "orgKind": "政府机构" }, { "id": "organization_indonesia_ministry_of_agriculture", "type": "organization", "title": "印度尼西亚农业部", "slug": "indonesia-ministry-of-agriculture", "aliases": [ "Ministry of Agriculture", "Kementerian Pertanian" ], "summary": "印度尼西亚政府主管农业事务的部门，1945年设立，负责粮食生产、农业发展与农民扶持，总部位于雅加达。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history" ], "tags": [], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "印度尼西亚农业部（英文维基百科）", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Agriculture_(Indonesia)" }, { "id": "cabwiki", "title": "红白内阁（英文维基百科，2026年11月4日抓取）", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_and_White_Cabinet" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-05T15:17:15+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-05T15:17:15+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 1, "body": "## 概述\n印度尼西亚农业部是印度尼西亚政府主管农业事务的部门，1945年设立，负责粮食生产、种植业、畜牧业与农业基础设施建设，总部位于雅加达。\n## 历史沿革\n1945年印度尼西亚独立后设立农业部，长期主管粮食自给与农业发展。普拉博沃政府把粮食自给列为优先施政目标，农业部地位进一步提升。\n## 主要职能\n- 制定农业政策，推动粮食增产与粮食自给。\n- 管理种植业、畜牧业与农业基础设施。\n- 负责化肥、种子供应与农业技术推广。\n- 扶持农民合作社与农业产业化。\n## 组织结构\n农业部下设秘书处、粮食作物总司、园艺总司、畜牧与动物卫生总司、农业基础设施与设施总司等机构。\n## 现任负责人\n部长安迪·阿姆兰·苏莱曼（2024年10月21日就任），此前在佐科政府任农业部长。\n## 总部与联系方式\n总部位于印度尼西亚雅加达南区拉古南哈索诺路3号。联系方式未详。\n## 来源\n英文维基百科“Ministry of Agriculture (Indonesia)”条目；英文维基百科“Red and White Cabinet”条目。", "url": "/organizations/indonesia-ministry-of-agriculture.html", "lang": "en", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh" ], "orgKind": "政府机构" }, { "id": "organization_macau_customs", "type": "organization", "title": "海关", "slug": "macau-customs", "aliases": [ "Serviços de Alfândega de Macau", "SA", "Macao Customs", "澳门海关" ], "summary": "澳门特别行政区政府部门，负责海关监管与口岸通关事务，关长为须由国务院任命的主要官员，现任关长为何浩瀚。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history" ], "tags": [], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "澳门海关 - 维基百科", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-cn/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B%E6%BE%B3%E9%96%80%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A5%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8D%80%E6%B5%B7%E9%97%9C?oldformat=true" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "国务院任命澳门特别行政区第六届政府主要官员和检察长 - 澳门特别行政区政府入口网站", "url": "https://www.gov.mo/zh-hans/news/795097/" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "何浩瀚：牢记历史使命 勇担时代重任 - 澳门特别行政区政府入口网站", "url": "https://www.gov.mo/zh-hans/news/919567/" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-05T14:42:13+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-05T14:42:13+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 1, "body": "## 概述\n\n澳门海关（葡萄牙语：Serviços de Alfândega de Macau，缩写：SA；英语：Macao Customs）是澳门特别行政区政府部门，负责海关监管、口岸通关与缉私等事务。[^s1]海关关长为澳门政府主要官员，需要由澳门行政长官提名，报请中华人民共和国中央人民政府任命或罢免。[^s1]现任关长为何浩瀚。[^s2][^s3]\n\n## 历史沿革\n\n澳门海关成立于2001年11月1日，前身为水警稽查局；每年11月6日为纪念日，即海关日。[^s1]其前身可追溯至1822年成立的港务局、1841年的港口警察、1862年的海事警察，1957年港口警察及稽查警察合并为水警稽查队，1975年起由澳门保安部队统一指挥，1999年12月20日易名水警稽查局。[^s1]2001年撤销水警稽查局成立澳门海关，海关行使水警稽查队全部职能，亦行使原经济局（打击侵权）及劳工事务局（打击黑工）部分职能。[^s1]何浩瀚于2024年12月20日就任海关关长。[^s2]\n\n## 主要职能\n\n澳门海关负责口岸海关监管、通关便利、打击走私与侵权、维护国家安全等工作，致力推进口岸“三通”提质增效，运用大数据、人工智能等科技手段强化监管，配合横琴粤澳深度合作区与粤港澳大湾区发展。[^s1][^s3]\n\n## 组织结构\n\n澳门海关设关长一人，助理关长两人，现任助理关长为叶华钊、吴嘉慧。[^s1]下设若干厅处，具体编制见组织法规。[^s1]\n\n## 现任负责人\n\n关长：何浩瀚（2024年12月20日起任职，由国务院任命）。[^s2][^s3]\n\n## 总部与联系方式\n\n总部设于澳门海关总部。官方网站：www.customs.gov.mo。详细地址与联系方式见澳门特别行政区政府入口网站。[^s1]\n\n## 来源\n\n- 维基百科「澳门海关」条目。[^s1]\n- 澳门特别行政区政府入口网站国务院任命第六届政府主要官员新闻。[^s2]\n- 澳门特别行政区政府入口网站海关关长何浩瀚新闻。[^s3]", "url": "/organizations/macau-customs.html", "lang": "en", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh" ], "orgKind": "政府机构" }, { "id": "ich_folk_33", "type": "work", "title": "永定河传说", "slug": "yongdinghe-chuanshuo", "summary": "流传于北京永定河沿岸的传说群，以母亲河为背景，列入第二批国家级非物质文化遗产名录（民间文学，编号Ⅰ-33）。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history" ], "tags": [], "sources": [ { "id": "ss1", "title": "国务院关于公布第二批国家级非物质文化遗产名录的通知", "url": "https://www.gov.cn/gongbao/content/2008/content_1025937.htm" }, { "id": "ss2", "title": "北京文旅：永定河，一条古老大河的涅槃", "url": "https://www.visitbeijing.com.cn/article/47QlMuRdW8t" }, { "id": "ss3", "title": "凤凰网：“永定河传说”数字文化艺术展", "url": "https://feng.ifeng.com/c/8xM1BRyLAu8" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-03T15:48:42+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-03T15:48:42+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 1, "body": "## 简介\n永定河传说是流传于北京市永定河沿岸的民间传说群。永定河被称为北京的母亲河，在北京地区自西北向东南蜿蜒约一百七十公里，流经门头沟、石景山、丰台等区，沿岸百姓围绕这条大河创作并传讲了众多传说，列入第二批国家级非物质文化遗产名录，民间文学类，编号Ⅰ-33。[^s1]\n\n## 历史渊源\n永定河上游称桑干河、洋河，历史上水势桀骜、屡屡泛滥，沿岸人民在治水、防洪、引水灌溉的长期实践中积累了丰富的经验与记忆，也生发出与河神、桥梁、渡口、村落由来有关的传说。永定河流域上游的涿鹿地区还是黄帝、炎帝与蚩尤传说的流传地，使这条河流的传说传统格外深厚。[^s2]\n\n## 主要内容与特点\n永定河传说是一个传说群而非单一故事，题材包括治水防洪、建桥修渠、寺庙村落的由来等，故事多系于沿岸具体的河段、桥梁与地名。近年来在石景山功碑阁举办的“永定河传说”数字文化艺术展，即从中精选了四十个代表性故事加以呈现，可见这一传说群内容之丰富。[^s3]传说语言质朴，寄托了沿岸百姓对母亲河的敬畏与亲近。\n\n## 传承与保护现状\n永定河传说已被列入国家级非物质文化遗产名录。北京市有关区通过展览、出版与流域文化活动等方式整理传播这一传说群，永定河文化带建设也为传说传统的保护提供了新的平台，沿岸的传说讲述仍在社区与学校中延续。[^s1]", "url": "/works/yongdinghe-chuanshuo.html", "lang": "en", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh" ], "workKind": "other" }, { "id": "work_ich_ii_179", "type": "work", "title": "甘州小调", "slug": "ii-179-gan-zhou-xiao-diao", "summary": "甘州小调是流传于甘肃省张掖市甘州区的民间音乐，项目编号Ⅱ-179，2021年入选第五批国家级非物质文化遗产代表性项目名录。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history" ], "tags": [], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "“甘州小调”话古今 - 张掖市人民政府", "url": "https://www.zhangye.gov.cn/szb/dzdt/gjzy/202603/t20260331_1526104.html" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "第五批国家级非物质文化遗产代表性项目名录", "url": "https://fyzx.hsu.edu.cn/47/0d/c4609a214797/page.htm" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-03T15:28:54+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-03T15:46:41+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 2, "body": "## 简介\n\n甘州小调是流传于张掖及其周边地区的民间音乐形式，是张掖本土音乐代表之一，项目编号Ⅱ-179，类别为传统音乐，2021年入选第五批国家级非物质文化遗产代表性项目名录，申报地区为甘肃省张掖市甘州区，保护单位为甘州区文化馆[^s1][^s2]。作为发源于祁连山下、丝路古道、河西走廊的传统说唱艺术，它是劳动人民长期认识自然、改造自然中创造的民间艺术瑰宝。\n\n## 历史渊源\n\n甘州小调的形成与发展，与丝绸之路文化交流紧密交织，与河西走廊经济社会变迁密切相关，历经多个重要历史阶段的淬炼和演变。据考证，甘州小调的雏形可以追溯到东灰山人的音乐；公元4至5世纪时，北凉王沮渠蒙逊吸收龟兹、胡羌及汉族音乐，创造了《秦汉乐》，后又改编为《西凉乐》；唐朝时《西凉乐》进一步发展，成为宫廷“十部乐”的主要曲目之一，后发展成《甘州大曲》，从《甘州大曲》又演变出后来的甘州小调。清末，甘州小调已逐步形成固定曲目，积累曲目达200余首。清末至民国时期，河西走廊历经战乱，传统社火、节庆活动大幅减少，甘州小调的传承链濒临断裂，《倒卷珠帘》《绣荷包》等部分稀有曲牌的古谱失传。\n\n## 主要内容与特点\n\n甘州小调是深受当地群众喜闻乐见的音乐演唱形式，演唱时通常由乐队伴奏，多人演唱，可以走乡串村、沿街就地演唱，也可以由一人弹唱。题材扩展至爱情、劳动、劝善、时政等领域，语言朴实幽默，成为岁时节庆、婚丧嫁娶中不可或缺的文化载体，堪称河西民间文化的“百科全书”。其领唱、对唱、即兴编词等元素融入小调，内容更具生活气息；移民与商业活动带来的秦腔、眉户等戏曲元素，也进一步丰富了小调的唱腔和表演形式，成为丝绸之路文化交流的活态见证。\n\n## 传承与保护现状\n\n甘州小调2008年被列入甘肃省第二批省级非遗名录，2021年5月24日入选第五批国家级非物质文化遗产项目。目前，挖掘、收集和整理的甘州小调词谱有200多首，各级传承人62人，但真正掌握完整曲目和表演技艺的核心传承人不足15人；随着庙会、婚丧仪式、农耕庆典等传统表演载体日益减少，甘州小调活态传承与发展进入困境。当地通过专题培训、传习所建设和词谱整理等方式推进保护，如何解决传承人断代问题、实现守正创新，是当前面临的严峻挑战。", "url": "/works/ii-179-gan-zhou-xiao-diao.html", "lang": "en", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh" ], "workKind": "music" }, { "id": "concept_ich_8_180", "type": "concept", "title": "窑洞营造技艺", "slug": "yao-dong-ying-zao-ji-yi", "summary": "窑洞营造技艺是黄土高原特有的窑洞民居营造技艺，包括靠崖式、下沉式等多种样式。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history" ], "tags": [], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "项目页 - 中国非物质文化遗产网", "url": "https://www.ihchina.cn/project_details/14685/", "locator": "项目编号与项目介绍" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-03T15:38:47+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-03T15:38:47+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 1, "body": "## 简介\n\n窑洞营造技艺是国家级非物质文化遗产代表性项目，项目编号Ⅷ-180，于2008年列入第二批国家级非物质文化遗产代表性项目名录，属传统技艺类。[^s1]窑洞是黄土高原特有的一种民居形式，是人类早期穴居发展演变的实物遗存，广泛流布于山西、陕西、甘肃等地。\n\n## 历史渊源\n\n窑洞营造依托黄土高原的自然条件：黄土一般长达一二百米、极难渗水、直立性很强，为窑洞提供了良好的自然条件；同时，干燥少雨、冬季寒冷、树木较少等自然地理状况，也为经济实用、不需木材的窑洞营造技艺提供了发展和延续的契机。[^s1]山西省平陆县的窑洞称为“地窨院”，又称“地坑院”“天井窑院”“下沉式窑院”等，其营造技艺距今已有四千余年的历史；陕北窑洞、地坑院等扩展项目则显示了这一技艺在不同地区的延续。\n\n## 主要内容与特点\n\n窑洞在不同自然环境、地貌特征和地方风土的影响下，形成了各种不同的样式。[^s1]根据建筑的布局结构形式划分，主要有明庄窑、土坑窑、独立式窑洞、靠崖式窑洞、下沉式窑洞等；平顶式窑洞是在平地上用土坯或砖石垒砌而成。地坑院依不同用途可分为居住窑、储存窑、牲畜窑、茅厕窑及门洞窑等，院落下沉于地面之下，既节省耕地，又冬暖夏凉，体现了先民因地制宜的生存智慧。\n\n## 传承与保护现状\n\n窑洞营造技艺以师徒与家族传承为主，平陆县文化馆、延安市宝塔区文化馆等保护单位负责传习。[^s1]随着农村居住条件改善，新建窑洞减少，传统营造的实践机会相应减少；近年来，各地通过窑洞民居保护、民俗展示与修缮工程，使靠崖窑、地坑院的营造技术在保护性修复中得到延续。", "url": "/concepts/yao-dong-ying-zao-ji-yi.html", "lang": "en", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh" ], "conceptKind": "other" }, { "id": "concept_shahe_tengpaizhen", "type": "concept", "title": "沙河藤牌阵", "slug": "shahe-tengpaizhen", "summary": "沙河藤牌阵是国家级非物质文化遗产代表性项目（编号Ⅵ-13），申报地区为河北省沙河市，是仅存于沙河市十里铺村的古代战场实战技击项目。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history" ], "tags": [], "sources": [ { "id": "ihchina", "title": "沙河藤牌阵 - 中国非物质文化遗产网", "url": "https://www.ihchina.cn/project_details/13804.html" }, { "id": "visitbeijing", "title": "非遗文化 | 藤牌阵 - 北京旅游网", "url": "https://www.visitbeijing.com.cn/article/4GlJfSUdZFX" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-03T15:36:33+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-03T15:36:33+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 1, "body": "## 简介\n沙河藤牌阵是国家级非物质文化遗产代表性项目，项目编号Ⅵ-13，类别为传统体育、游艺与杂技，2006年列入第一批国家级名录，申报地区为河北省沙河市，保护单位为邢台经济开发区沙河城镇十里铺村村民委员会。藤牌阵是我国古代战场实战技击项目，如今仅存于我国河北省沙河市十里铺村，当地人称之为打藤牌。\n\n## 历史渊源\n沙河藤牌阵历史悠久，传说明末，李自成军队从北京溃败南退，其中有一人秘密逃遁十里铺村，将藤牌阵传授给村民，用以护村、防身，并留下只传男，不传女，传里不传外的训诫。三百多年来，村民遵循训诫，将藤牌阵代代相传，至今已传承十二代，经常习练者达二百余人，在当地，藤牌阵现已被列入小学体育课程。十里铺古称食膳铺，是一个历史悠久、文化底蕴厚重的村落，村中央的大街是古御道。\n\n## 主要内容与特点\n藤牌开战时，由战鼓指挥，大筛锣、铙、镲、钹辅助烘托。表演阵法时，攻守方每队最少4人，藤牌兵左手执藤牌，右手执短刀，与4名攥三齿叉、大片刀、长矛或木棍者按阵法轮番打斗。实战时藤牌阵法变化无穷，常见的有一字长蛇阵、八卦连环阵、梅花五方阵、四门迷魂阵、八门穿心阵等，阵容可随实战需要扩大到成千上万人。编制好的藤牌形如锅盖，外鼓内凹，大约80公分，凹的一面安把手，鼓的一面则罩上生牛皮，画上虎头符，古时编制藤牌用的是藤，现在使用的则是荆条，牌面也换成了帆布，画上虎头，罩在外边。打藤牌的武器，除了藤牌之外，还有短刀，三齿刀，红缨枪和长木棍等，在制作上，这些兵器都保留了原始的工艺。习练藤牌阵分为基本功和阵法练习两个步骤，阵法规模有8路牌，12路牌，16路牌，24路牌，其中8个人操练是最基础的阵法。\n\n## 传承与保护现状\n沙河藤牌阵的传承长期受只传男、不传女、传里不传外的训诫限制，代表性传承人胡道正是其中的代表。列入国家级名录后，十里铺村村民委员会作为保护单位，通过小学体育课程、村内习练与对外展演推动传承，使这一北方仅存的古代兵法实战技术在当代继续存续。传承的挑战在于训诫带来的传承面狭窄与青年习练者的培养，需要在尊重传统的同时逐步扩大传承群体。", "url": "/concepts/shahe-tengpaizhen.html", "lang": "en", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh" ], "conceptKind": "intangible_heritage" }, { "id": "concept_chuantong_wanju", "type": "concept", "title": "传统玩具", "slug": "chuantong-wanju", "summary": "传统玩具是山东省郯城县的传统美术项目，国家级非物质文化遗产代表性项目，项目编号Ⅶ-117，2014年列入第四批名录，子项为郯城木旋玩具。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history" ], "tags": [], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "传统玩具（郯城木旋玩具） - 中国非物质文化遗产网", "url": "https://www.ihchina.cn/project_details/14253/" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "国家级非物质文化遗产-郯城木旋玩具 - 郯城县政府网站", "url": "http://www.tancheng.gov.cn/info/4202/249444.htm" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-03T15:32:48+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-03T15:32:48+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 1, "body": "## 简介\n\n传统玩具是国家级非物质文化遗产代表性项目，项目编号Ⅶ-117，类别为传统美术，2014年列入第四批国家级非物质文化遗产代表性项目名录，申报地区为山东省郯城县，保护单位为郯城县文化馆，子项为传统玩具（郯城木旋玩具）。郯城木旋玩具，俗称“耍货”，因其大多数部件在旋床上旋制而得名，是一种集民间绘画、手工技艺为一体，供儿童玩耍的传统玩具。\n\n## 历史渊源\n\n郯城木旋玩具发源并主要传承于山东省郯城县港上镇樊埝村，影响辐射至江苏省北部、山东省南部等周边地区，销售足迹遍布全国各地大型庙会。郯城木旋玩具创自明代，至今已有五百多年历史。据樊氏族谱记载，樊氏七世祖樊木是木旋玩具的创始人，他根据手拉钻的原理，创造了旋床，开始制作木旋玩具，至今已传承了十五代。\n\n## 主要内容与特点\n\n郯城木旋玩具共五大类，一百多个品种，分别是摆放类、摇晃类、推拉牵引类、舞耍类、益智类，代表性作品有高低棒人、花篮、虎头棒槌、燕车等。其造型主要包括圆球形、圆柱形、圆环形、圆锥形等，主要制作工具包括樊木根据手拉钻的原理发明的第一代木旋床，在原车床的传动部位加装了铁制轴承的第二代旋床，在传统木车床上安装了电机的第三代旋床，现在全部改造为工业用铁制机械车床。木旋玩具上的图案以龙凤、牡丹、菊花、荷花、蝙蝠、蝴蝶等各种寓意吉祥的花卉、动物纹样为主，特别是哗啦棒槌上的图案，被当地人称为“哗啦棒槌花”，像蝴蝶飞舞，又像菊花绽放。颜色以红、绿、黄三色为主，色彩艳丽，对比强烈。工艺流程可分为备料、下料、制毛坯、砂光、打底、二次砂光、彩绘、上清漆等。郯城木旋玩具以丰富的色彩、夸张的纹饰、简洁的造型，体现着北方农村民众的审美情感，承载着他们对美好生活的祈愿，反映出其纯朴的价值观念。\n\n## 传承与保护现状\n\n2014年列入国家级名录后，郯城县文化馆等单位通过传承人扶持、展览展示与生产性保护推动木旋玩具的传承，代表性传承人樊继美等人重视对传承人才的培养，在坚守传统制作技艺、保持原有艺术特色的同时，不断开发新品种，改进着色颜料、革新旋车工具，提高了生产效率和制品质量。樊埝村及其周围村民通过制作和销售玩具，改善了生活，传播了文化，也为无数儿童带来了欢乐、启迪了心智。[^s1][^s2]", "url": "/concepts/chuantong-wanju.html", "lang": "en", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh" ], "conceptKind": "intangible_heritage" }, { "id": "concept_piyi", "type": "concept", "title": "皮艺", "slug": "piyi", "summary": "皮艺是国家级非物质文化遗产代表性项目（Ⅶ-139），子项为蒙古族皮艺，以内蒙古12个盟市为主要分布区域的蒙古高原传统手工艺。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history" ], "tags": [], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "皮艺（蒙古族皮艺） - 中国非物质文化遗产网", "url": "https://www.ihchina.cn/project_details/23554.html" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-03T15:27:41+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-03T15:27:41+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 1, "body": "## 简介\n\n皮艺是国家级非物质文化遗产代表性项目，项目编号Ⅶ-139，类别为传统美术，2021年列入第五批国家级非物质文化遗产代表性项目名录[^s1]。主要子项为内蒙古自治区呼和浩特市的蒙古族皮艺，保护单位为呼和浩特市文化艺术研究院（呼和浩特市非物质文化遗产保护中心）[^s1]。\n\n## 历史渊源\n\n蒙古族皮艺是蒙古高原居民喜闻乐见、经常运用的一种传统手工艺文化表现形式，历史悠久。在古代，动物皮因轻便、耐磨、防潮，成为游牧民族抵御严寒、防护伪装的生活必需品；清代康熙年间，大批汉族民众移居到草原，使草原文化中开始融入农耕文化因素，在两种文化的共同推进和相互作用下，多元素的皮艺生活用具开始出现[^s1]。其分布较为广泛，以内蒙古自治区的12个盟市为主要分布区域，在陕西、西藏、新疆、青海乃至海外其他国家和地区亦有分布[^s1]。\n\n## 主要内容与特点\n\n蒙古族皮艺选材严格、工艺严谨、制作复杂，含选皮、润湿、描绘踏图、敲压轮廓、染色、镶嵌填充6个步骤[^s1]。其中镶嵌填充需在皮面钻出大小、形状吻合装饰物的钻孔，将珠宝、金属或其他装饰材料镶嵌粘贴在对应的钻孔内，或者在皮革做好的皮雕画面上找出需要做的立体层次部位，从皮革背面找准位置粘贴填充物，使其达到预期的立体效果[^s1]。代表性作品种类较多，大多与生活息息相关，有皮毛服饰、皮制箭囊、皮壶、皮雕镶嵌的马鞍、皮包、皮箱、皮画等，代表性作品有皮雕画《白文殊菩萨》、皮艺作品《乌兰牧骑》《草原歌盛世》等[^s1]。\n\n## 传承与保护现状\n\n蒙古族皮艺通过师徒方式传承，有记载的传承谱系至今已有六代[^s1]。政府十分重视其保护传承，建立非遗传习基地，积极开展传承人研修研习培训计划，加强传承人培养；支持组建研学团队，开展项目体验，组织传承人开展公益讲座，积极宣传推广[^s1]。目前，该项目存续状况较好，学徒和从业人员达上万人[^s1]。蒙古族皮艺承载了游牧文化的生活印记，蕴含草原皮艺文化的历史变迁，体现了文化的多元性特征，对探寻皮艺发展历史、探索文化融合规律具有重要意义[^s1]。", "url": "/concepts/piyi.html", "lang": "en", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh" ], "conceptKind": "intangible_heritage" }, { "id": "concept_zhenjiu", "type": "concept", "title": "针灸", "slug": "zhenjiu", "summary": "针灸是国家级非物质文化遗产代表性项目（编号Ⅸ-5），是以经络腧穴理论为指导、运用针刺与艾灸调节人体平衡的传统医疗手段，2006年入选第一批名录，2010年列入人类非物质文化遗产代表作名录。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history" ], "tags": [], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "针灸 - 中国非物质文化遗产网", "url": "https://www.ihchina.cn/project_details/14834.html" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "中医针灸及京剧被列入联合国非物质文化遗产名录 - 中国非物质文化遗产网", "url": "https://www.ihchina.cn/news_other_details/16727.html" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-03T15:19:26+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-03T15:19:26+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 1, "body": "## 简介\n\n针灸是国家级非物质文化遗产代表性项目，项目编号Ⅸ-5，类别为传统医药，2006年入选第一批国家级非物质文化遗产代表性项目名录，申报单位为中国针灸学会[^s1]。针灸由“针”和“灸”构成，是中医学的重要组成部分之一，是一种“内病外治”的医术，通过经络、腧穴的传导作用以及一定的操作法来治疗全身疾病。2010年11月16日，中国申报项目《中医针灸》经联合国教科文组织保护非物质文化遗产政府间委员会第五次会议审议通过，列入人类非物质文化遗产代表作名录[^s2]。\n\n## 历史渊源\n\n针灸源于古代砭石，针法是把毫针刺入患者身体某一穴位，运用捻转与提插等针刺手法来治疗疾病；灸法是把燃烧着的艾绒按一定穴位熏灼皮肤，利用热的刺激来治疗疾病。针灸理论认为，人体如同一个由各种经络连接起来运行的小宇宙，通过物理刺激经络，就有可能促进人体的自我调节功能并为病人带来健康；刺激方法包括用艾绒点炙或用针刺就这些管道的穴位，促进身体重新恢复平衡，进而达到预防和治疗疾病的目的。历代针灸著作与铜人、穴位图不断完善经络腧穴体系，使针灸成为体系完整、操作规范的传统医术。\n\n## 主要内容与特点\n\n针灸的主要内容包括经络理论、腧穴定位、针刺手法与艾灸方法。针刺时视各人具体情况选择用针，再以捻转、提插等手法刺激穴位；艾灸通常分为直接灸和间接灸，即把艾条直接放在穴位上，或放在靠近体表的距离炙烤所选区域，艾圆筒和艾条用干艾蒿叶制成。列入该项目扩展子项的代表性流派包括陆氏针灸疗法、杨继洲针灸、刘氏刺熨疗法、程氏针灸、蕲春艾灸疗法、岭南陈氏针法、赵氏雷火灸等，各流派在针具、手法与取穴上各有特色。\n\n## 传承与保护现状\n\n针灸的传承传统上在师徒之间或家族成员之间通过口头讲授和实际演示进行，目前也已纳入正规学历教育系统。国家级代表性传承人包括贺普仁、王雪苔、石学敏、郭诚杰、张缙等人，他们在针灸理论整理、临床推广与国际交流方面作出贡献。列入人类非物质文化遗产代表作名录后，针灸的国际传播进一步扩大，但保护仍面临挑战：传统针法与灸法的精细手法依赖长期临床体悟，记录与传授难度较大；同时需在现代医疗体系中规范操作与适应症，避免不规范行医带来的风险。", "url": "/concepts/zhenjiu.html", "lang": "en", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh" ], "conceptKind": "other" }, { "id": "event_obon", "type": "event", "title": "盂兰盆节", "slug": "obon", "summary": "盂兰盆节是日本每年8月13日至16日（部分地区7月）举行的佛教祭祖节日，以迎魂、扫墓、盆踊和送魂为核心，是仅次于正月的重要节日。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history" ], "tags": [], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "中元节与盂兰盆节 - 维基百科，自由的百科全书", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%85%83%E7%AF%80%E8%88%87%E7%9B%82%E8%98%AD%E7%9B%86%E7%AF%80" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "盂兰盆节、盂兰盆舞、扫墓——迎接并供奉先祖魂灵归来的“盂兰盆”节 - nippon.com 日本网", "author": "nippon.com", "url": "https://www.nippon.com/cn/articles/-/25582" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "盂兰盆舞：与祖先亡灵共舞的日本独特风俗 - nippon.com 日本网", "author": "nippon.com", "url": "https://www.nippon.com/cn/guide-to-japan/gu019003/" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-03T14:48:16+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-03T14:48:16+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 1, "body": "## 日期\n\n盂兰盆节的日期因地区而异：传统庆祝时间在农历七月十三日至十六日，明治维新后，一些地区改为公历7月15日前后，另一些则改为公历8月15日前后，以较接近农历原来的日子[^s1]。如今最普遍的是8月13日至16日：13日迎魂、16日送魂，期间扫墓祭拜祖先并跳传统的盆舞[^s2]。东京等部分地区过7月13日至16日的“新盆”，而多数地区的假期与返乡高峰则集中在8月盆。\n\n## 起源\n\n盂兰盆节在飞鸟时代由隋唐时期的中国传入日本，俗称“御盆”，为盂兰盆会的简称[^s1]。它源于佛教的盂兰盆会，即以供养僧众、超度亡灵为核心的仪式，后来与日本当地的祖先崇拜民俗结合，形成日本特有的庆祝方式。盂兰盆节如今已成为仅次于元旦的重要节日，企业一般放假一周左右，称为“盆休”，许多在外工作的人利用这个假期返乡团聚祭祖[^s1]。\n\n## 主要习俗\n\n盂兰盆节的核心流程是迎魂、供奉、送魂：13日前扫墓，13日接先人鬼魂，16日送别[^s1]。13日的迎魂式上，人们在院子或家门口燃烧麻秆点燃迎魂火，指引祖先回家；家中设精灵棚供奉祭品，期间家人扫墓祭拜[^s2]。盆舞是节日的标志性活动：如今盆舞通常在8月13日至16日的盂兰盆节期间举行[^s3]，男女老少围着高台随歌谣起舞，德岛阿波舞、岐阜郡上舞是最具代表性的盆舞。16日夜点燃送魂火，送祖先灵魂返回另一个世界。\n\n## 主要庆祝国家／地区\n\n盂兰盆节主要在日本庆祝，全国各地形式略有不同：东京过7月盆，多数地区过8月盆，京都的大文字送火、德岛的阿波舞、岐阜的郡上舞各具地方特色。日本以外的日裔社区，如夏威夷、巴西，也举办盂兰盆舞会，但其宗教与返乡的内涵已弱化为社区联欢。\n\n## 文化意义\n\n盂兰盆节是日本仅次于正月的第二大传统节日，与清明节类似，是慎终追远、家族团聚的集中表达。它把佛教的超度观念与日本的祖先崇拜结合在一起：迎魂与送魂的仪式使生者与亡者的联系在一年中获得一次具体的、可参与的形式；盆舞则把祭奠转化为社区共舞，使悼念与欢庆并存，成为日本夏季最重要的民俗节日。", "url": "/events/obon.html", "lang": "en", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh" ], "eventKind": "culture" }, { "id": "person_cn_q124464427", "type": "person", "title": "胡质", "slug": "hu-zhi-sanguo-q124464427", "previousSlugs": [ "sanguo-q124464427-q5366240", "sanguo-q124464427" ], "summary": "胡质是《三国演义》中的人物形象：曹魏大臣，镇守荆州；原型为历史人物胡质。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-literature", "category-people", "category-fictional-characters" ], "tags": [ "tag-fictional-character", "tag-classics" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q124464427", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124464427" }, { "id": "sanguo-novel", "title": "《三国演义》", "url": "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%9C%8B%E6%BC%94%E7%BE%A9", "locator": "小说情节" }, { "id": "sanguo-novel-wikisource", "title": "《三国演义》维基文库本", "url": "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%9C%8B%E6%BC%94%E7%BE%A9", "locator": "小说情节" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-02T14:50:17+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 7, "body": "## 人物形象\n\n本条目写的是《三国演义》中的胡质形象，原型为历史人物[[person_cn_q5366240|胡质]]（另有历史条目），以下事迹按小说情节叙述。[^sanguo-novel]\n\n胡质是曹魏大臣，长期镇守荆州，与东吴对峙。小说中的胡质戏份不多，主要作为曹魏方面镇守荆州的官员出现。 胡质镇守荆州期间，与东吴的对峙时断时续，荆州始终是魏吴争夺的焦点。 [^wikidata]\n\n荆州是魏吴争夺的焦点，东兴、濡须等战事前后相连，胡质即在这一防线上任职的魏臣，长期镇守荆州，与东吴对峙。[^sanguo-novel-wikisource]\n小说中的胡质戏份不多，其形象代表魏朝在东线维持均势的一批守臣：不以单场战事的主角出现，却以长期的镇守构成魏吴边境的稳定力量。荆州始终未失，正是这类守臣存在的意义。[^sanguo-novel-wikisource]\n\n## 出现于\n\n- [[work_cn_q70806|《三国演义》]]", "url": "/people/hu-zhi-sanguo-q124464427.html", "lang": "en", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh" ], "occupations": [ "政治人物" ], "disambiguation": "《三国演义》人物", "isFictional": true, "personCategory": "文学人物" }, { "id": "person_nobel_445", "type": "person", "title": "伯特·萨克曼", "slug": "bert-sakmann", "aliases": [ "Bert Sakmann" ], "summary": "伯特·萨克曼是与内尔共同发明膜片钳技术的生物物理学家，1991年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖得主之一。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-awards", "category-people" ], "tags": [ "tag-nobel-prize" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Bert Sakmann – Facts", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1991/sakmann/facts/" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1991", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1991/summary/" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "伯特·萨克曼 – Biographical", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1991/sakmann/biographical/" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "伯特·萨克曼", "author": "Wikipedia", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E8%90%A8%E5%85%8B%E6%9B%BC" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-01T03:38:01+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-02T14:49:03+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 4, "body": "**伯特·萨克曼**（Bert Sakmann，1942年6月12日—）出生于斯图加特（德国）。\n\n## 生平与职业生涯\n\n萨克曼在慕尼黑大学获医学博士学位，长期任职于马克斯·普朗克医学研究所与海德堡大学，从事细胞电生理研究。[^s3][^s4]\n\n## 主要成就\n\n萨克曼与内尔共同发明膜片钳技术，可记录单个离子通道的电流，揭示细胞信号传递的通道机制，为神经科学与药物研究奠定了基础。[^s3][^s4]\n\n## 获奖\n\n1991 年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖由 2 位得主共享，伯特·萨克曼占其中 1/2 份，官方获奖理由（官方原文）：“for their discoveries concerning the function of single ion channels in cells”[^s1]。获奖时所属机构为 Max-Planck-Institut für medizinische Forschung，所在地为海德堡（德国）[^s1]。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[work_nobel_prize_1991|1991 年诺贝尔奖]]、[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]", "url": "/people/bert-sakmann.html", "lang": "en", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh" ], "birth": { "year": 1942, "month": 6, "day": 12, "precision": "day", "display": "1942年6月12日" }, "occupations": [ "生物物理学家" ] }, { "id": "person_cn_q123585854", "type": "person", "title": "Prince of Hongnong", "slug": "prince-hongnong-sanguo-q123585854", "aliases": [ "刘辩" ], "summary": "Prince of Hongnong as a character in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms, based on the historical Prince of Hongnong.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-literature", "category-people", "category-fictional-characters" ], "tags": [ "tag-fictional-character", "tag-classics" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q123585854", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123585854" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T16:55:05+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 5, "body": "## Portrayal\n\nPortrayal in [[work_cn_q70806|The Romance of the Three Kingdoms]] of the historical person [[person_cn_q7301|Prince of Hongnong]][^wikidata].", "url": "/people/prince-hongnong-sanguo-q123585854.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "disambiguation": "Character in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms", "isFictional": true, "personCategory": "literary character" }, { "id": "person_cn_q5971588", "type": "person", "title": "Kong Liang", "slug": "kong-liang", "aliases": [ "孔亮" ], "summary": "Kong Liang, Water Margin character.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-literature", "category-people", "category-fictional-characters" ], "tags": [ "tag-fictional-character", "tag-classics", "tag-four-great-classics" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q5971588", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5971588" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "孔亮（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AD%94%E4%BA%AE" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:10:53+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 6, "body": "## Appears in\n\n- [[work_cn_q70827|Water Margin]]", "url": "/people/kong-liang.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "disambiguation": "Character in Water Margin", "isFictional": true, "personCategory": "literary character" }, { "id": "person_cn_q971462", "type": "person", "title": "Gan Ji", "slug": "gan-ji", "aliases": [ "于吉" ], "summary": "Gan Ji (? – 200), Chinese Taoist priest (died 200).", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q971462", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q971462" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "于吉（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%8E%E5%90%89" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T16:30:20+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 5, "body": "## Basic facts\n\n- Died: 200[^wikidata]\n- Birthplace: [[place_cn_371300|Linyi]][^wikidata]\n\n## Portrayals\n\n- [[person_cn_q124024062|Gan Ji]] (character in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms)", "url": "/people/gan-ji.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "death": { "year": 200, "display": "200" }, "personCategory": "historical figure" }, { "id": "person_cn_q11258798", "type": "person", "title": "Yang Ren", "slug": "yang-ren-2", "summary": "Yang Ren (2nd century – 215) was a general under Zhang Lu in Hanzhong at the end of the Eastern Han. In 215, after Cao Cao's attack on Zhang Lu at Yangping Pass, he was killed by Cao Cao's forces.[^zhwiki][^wikidata]", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q11258798", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11258798" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "杨任 (三国)（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%A8%E4%BB%BB_(%E4%B8%89%E5%9B%BD)" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:24:20+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 11, "body": "Yang Ren was a military man at the end of the Eastern Han who served Zhang Lu in Hanzhong. Wikidata records him as born in the 2nd century and dead in the twentieth year of Jian'an (215), with the occupation of military officer. The Chinese Wikipedia article is also titled Yang Ren, so the Chinese title stays as his personal name.[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n\n## The fight at Yangping Pass\n\nChinese Wikipedia says that in the twentieth year of Jian'an Cao Cao attacked Zhang Lu and reached Yangping Pass in the seventh month of autumn. Zhang Lu secretly sent his brother Zhang Wei and Yang Ang to hold the pass. Cao Cao could not take it and feigned a retreat. Zhang Wei and the others took the withdrawal as a heavy blow to Cao Cao's army and relaxed their guard. Learning this, Cao Cao secretly sent his officers Xie Xiu and Gao Zuo to attack the pass at night, and they broke it. Zhang Lu fled to Bazhong, and Yang Ren was killed by Cao Cao's troops.[^zhwiki]\n\n## In Romance of the Three Kingdoms\n\nThe article adds that in the novel Yang Ren fights the Wei general Xiahou Yuan for more than thirty bouts without a result. Xiahou Yuan feigns defeat, Yang Ren chases him, and Xiahou Yuan kills him with a trailing-blade stroke. This is the novel's account and differs from the historical summary above.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Name: Yang Ren[^wikidata]\n- Dates: 2nd century to the twentieth year of Jian'an in Eastern Han (215)[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n- Realm: Eastern Han[^wikidata]\n- Occupation recorded on this entry: military officer[^wikidata]\n- Portrayal: [[person_cn_q124356184|Yang Ren]] (a character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms)", "url": "/people/yang-ren-2.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "death": { "year": 215, "display": "215年" }, "occupations": [ "武将" ], "disambiguation": "三国", "personCategory": "历史人物" }, { "id": "person_douban_1a65aa1c200d", "type": "person", "title": "余华", "slug": "yu-hua", "aliases": [ "Yu Hua" ], "previousSlugs": [ "douban-author-yu-hua" ], "summary": "余华是中国当代作家，1983年开始写作，代表作包括长篇小说《活着》《许三观卖血记》《在细雨中呼喊》《兄弟》《第七天》和《文城》。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-literature", "category-people" ], "tags": [ "tag-literature" ], "sources": [ { "id": "online", "title": "余华", "url": "https://www.baike.com/wikiid/7164594471367573537" }, { "id": "s1", "title": "余华", "author": "中国作家网", "url": "https://www.chinawriter.com.cn/fwzj/writer/19.shtml" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "余华简介", "author": "浙江师范大学余华研究中心", "url": "https://yuhua.zjnu.edu.cn/7394/" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "纪念《收获》创刊60周年｜余华：纵论人生，纵论自我", "author": "余华（澎湃新闻）", "date": "2017-12-08", "url": "https://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_1896476" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "《文城》--书汇--中国作家网", "author": "中国作家网", "date": "2021-02-23", "url": "http://www.chinawriter.com.cn/n1/2021/0223/c405084-32034548.html" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "《第七天》", "author": "中国作家网", "date": "2013-06-14", "url": "http://www.chinawriter.com.cn/book/2013-06-14/3695.html" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "兄弟 (小说)", "author": "维基百科", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-cn/兄弟_(小说)" }, { "id": "online-334", "title": "第七天", "url": "https://reader.hnlib.com/Recommend/Detail/334", "locator": "海宁市图书馆推荐书目记录：作者署名" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:09:20+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-02T10:10:16+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 8, "body": "**余华**（1960年—）是中国当代作家，以长篇小说[[work_douban_2f6237a9f600|《活着》]][[work_xusanguan_maixueji|《许三观卖血记》]]等作品知名[^s1]。其早期作品以先锋叙事著称，后来的长篇小说更多通过普通人的生命经历表现苦难、家庭关系与社会变迁[^online]。\n\n## 生平\n\n余华生于浙江省[[place_hangzhou|杭州市]]，幼年随父母迁居[[place_cn_330424|海盐县]]，在海盐读完小学和中学，此后在海盐县武原镇卫生院从事过约五年牙医工作[^s2]。他于1983年开始写作[^s1]，同年调入海盐县文化馆；1989年调至嘉兴市文联任《烟雨楼》编辑，1993年定居北京从事职业创作[^s2]。\n\n1987年，短篇小说[[work_shibasuichumenyuanxing|《十八岁出门远行》]]在《北京文学》第1期以头条发表，余华称之为自己的成名作[^s3]。此后他的长篇小说多首发于《收获》：第一部长篇小说[[work_zaixiyuzhonghuhan|《在细雨中呼喊》]]刊于1991年第6期，[[work_douban_2f6237a9f600|《活着》]]刊于1992年第6期，[[work_xusanguan_maixueji|《许三观卖血记》]]刊于1995年第6期[^s3]。[[work_douban_9ad3b081730a|《兄弟》]]上部、下部分别于2005年8月和2006年3月由[[organization_shanghai_literature_art_publishing_house|上海文艺出版社]]出版[^s6]；[[work_diqitian|《第七天》]]于2013年6月由[[organization_new_star_press|新星出版社]]出版[^s5]；[[work_wencheng|《文城》]]于2021年由[[organization_beijing_october_literature_art|北京十月文艺出版社]]出版[^s4]。\n\n## 主要成就\n\n《活着》和《许三观卖血记》同时入选百位批评家和文学编辑评选的“九十年代最具有影响的十部作品”[^s1]。余华曾获意大利格林扎纳·卡佛文学奖（1998年）、法国文学和艺术骑士勋章（2004年）、首届中华图书特殊贡献奖（2005年）、法国国际信使外国小说奖（2008年）、第十二届华语文学传媒大奖年度作家（2013年）和第二届中国版权金奖（2018年）等奖项[^s2]。\n\n## 影响\n\n余华的作品被翻译成40余种语言，在美国、英国、法国、德国、意大利、西班牙、日本、韩国等国家和地区出版[^s2]。\n\n## 馆藏著录\n\n海宁市图书馆推荐书目将余华著录为以下作品的创作者或编者：\n\n- 《第七天》[^online-334]", "url": "/people/yu-hua.html", "lang": "en", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh" ], "birth": { "year": 1960, "month": 4, "day": 3, "precision": "day", "display": "1960年4月3日" }, "occupations": [ "小说家" ], "isFictional": false, "personCategory": "小说家" }, { "id": "work_douban_ff9a1d2117dd", "type": "work", "title": "失落的秘符", "slug": "douban-book-shi-luo-de-mi-fu", "summary": "《失落的秘符》是丹·丹·布朗的长篇小说。《失落的秘符》内容介绍: 哈佛大学符号学家罗伯特·兰登意外受邀,于当晚前往华盛顿美国国会大厦做一个讲座。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-literature" ], "tags": [], "sources": [ { "id": "online", "title": "失落的秘符", "url": "https://reader.hnlib.com/Book/Detail/275740" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:13:45+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-02T01:17:43+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 6, "body": "## 内容与特点\n\n《失落的秘符》内容介绍: 哈佛大学符号学家罗伯特·兰登意外受邀,于当晚前往华盛顿美国国会大厦做一个讲座。就在兰登到达的几分钟内,事情发生了令人匪夷所思的变化。国会大厦里出现了一件令人惊恐之物——一只人手,三根手指成握拳状,伸直的拇指和食指直指天穹,每只手指上都有具特殊符号学意义的诡异刺青。[^online]\n\n## 版本信息\n\n该来源所录版本由人民文学出版社出版，出版时间为2013，ISBN为978-7-02-010157-3。[^online]", "url": "/works/douban-book-shi-luo-de-mi-fu.html", "lang": "en", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh" ], "workKind": "book", "medium": "长篇小说", "creators": [ "丹·布朗" ] } ], "lang": "en", "pagination": { "page": 420, "pageSize": 50, "total": 81299, "pageCount": 1000, "prevUrl": "/en/hot-419.json", "nextUrl": "/en/hot-421.json" } }