{ "contentStorage": "postgres", "namePrimary": { "person_cn_q1004339": true, "person_cn_q10127095": true, "person_cn_q1039216": true, "person_cn_q1041894": true, "person_cn_q1042908": true, "person_cn_q1044418": true, "person_cn_q1044471": true, "person_cn_q1046427": true, "person_cn_q1046433": true, "person_cn_q1048253": true, "person_cn_q1048629": true, "person_cn_q1051287": true, "person_cn_q1066825": true, "person_cn_q1066842": true, "person_cn_q1068320": true, "person_cn_q701823": true, "person_cn_q716237": true, "person_cn_q717993": true, "person_cn_q7218984": true, "person_cn_q7250699": true, "person_cn_q735420": true, "person_cn_q735481": true, "person_cn_q736230": true, "person_cn_q7488355": true, "person_cn_q769102": true, "person_cn_q79193": true, "person_cn_q8059961": true, "person_cn_q845107": true, "person_cn_q847636": true, "person_cn_q855037": true, "person_cn_q855614": true, "person_cn_q858809": true, "person_cn_q875383": true, "person_cn_q902466": true, "person_cn_q9073854": true, "person_cn_q910840": true, "person_cn_q911256": true, "person_cn_q911447": true, "person_cn_q953232": true, "person_cn_q953807": true, "person_cn_q953834": true }, "title": "knowledge", "description": "Read people, places, events, organizations, works, and concepts through sourced relations.", "url": "/en/index-465.html", "entities": [ { "id": "person_cn_q1068320", "type": "person", "title": "Kuai Liang", "slug": "kuai-liang", "aliases": [ "蒯良" ], "summary": "Kuai Liang, courtesy name Zirou, from Zhonglu in Xiangyang, Nan commandery in Jing province, was an important adviser to Liu Biao, governor of Jing province, at the end of the Eastern Han. Liu Biao praised his advice to calm the people through benevolence and righteousness as the argument of Yong Ji. His death is placed in 192 by Wikidata and before about 208 by Chinese Wikipedia.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q1068320", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1068320" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "蒯良（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%92%AF%E8%89%AF" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:20:00+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 7, "body": "Kuai Liang, courtesy name Zirou, came from Zhonglu in Xiangyang, Nan commandery of Jing province, at the end of the Eastern Han. He was an important adviser to Liu Biao, governor of Jing province, and is named together with Kuai Yue. Wikidata's label and the Chinese Wikipedia article both give the name as 蒯良, with the courtesy name Zirou, so the title is unchanged.[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n\n## The argument of Yong Ji\n\nChinese Wikipedia says that in 190, when Liu Biao arrived to take over as governor of Jing province, he was worried about how to calm the unrest and consulted Kuai Liang and Kuai Yue at Yicheng. He said that powerful clan bandits were rampant, the people did not rally to him, Yuan Shu was stirring in Nanyang, and he wanted to raise troops but feared the people would refuse. Kuai Liang answered first. People do not rally because officials lack benevolence, he said, and they rally yet do not prosper because officials lack righteousness. If benevolence and righteousness go together, the people will come like water flowing downhill, so why worry or ask about conscription. Kuai Yue disagreed, holding that benevolence and righteousness suit peaceful times while troubled times need stratagems. Liu Biao liked Kuai Yue's plan very much and called it the scheme of Jiu Fan, but he also praised Kuai Liang's advice as the argument of Yong Ji, and made him chief secretary. The article notes that after Jing province was pacified, Kuai Liang's name no longer appears in the Records of the Three Kingdoms.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Dispute over his life and death\n\nWikidata records his death in 192. Chinese Wikipedia says that because Kuai Liang's name is absent from the list of officials who surrendered when Cao Cao took over Jing province, later historians hold that he died before about 208, and its opening line gives his dates as unknown. On the other hand, the Shishuo Xinyu, quoting the Jin Yangqiu in a note, says that Kuai Liang once served as minister of personnel and had a son, Kuai Jun, whose daughter married Sun Xiu, a grand-nephew of Sun Quan. The article suggests that he might have answered Cao Cao's summons in the Han court's name early and served as the minister of personnel in the imperial secretariat, or that the histories simply lack the record. These accounts do not agree and the sources give no verdict, so they are set out side by side. Wikidata also records his son as Kuai Jun.[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n\n## In the novel\n\nIn Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Kuai Liang is the elder brother of Kuai Yue, and in the battle of Xianshan between Sun Jian and Liu Biao he helps Liu Biao turn the defeat into a victory. He advises Huang Zu and Lu Gong to feign a retreat to Xianshan and set an ambush there, and the plan works, with Huang Zu shooting Sun Jian dead and the crisis of Liu Biao's new regime ended. In chapter 34 Kuai Yue mentions that Kuai Liang was skilled at judging horses and had died before the twelfth year of Jian'an, 207.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Anecdote\n\nThe article cites the Fuzi, which says that Kuai Yue was a descendant of Kuai Tong, a persuader of the early Western Han, and by the same reasoning Kuai Liang would be one also.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Name: Kuai Liang, courtesy name Zirou[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n- Origin: Zhonglu in Xiangyang, Nan commandery, Jing province[^zhwiki]\n- Died: 192 (Wikidata); another view puts it before about 208[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n- Family: Kuai Yue (his younger brother in the novel), son Kuai Jun[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n- Birthplace: Nan Commandery[^wikidata]\n- Portrayal: [[person_cn_q123670521|蒯良]] (character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms)", "url": "/people/kuai-liang.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "death": { "year": 192, "display": "192" }, "personCategory": "historical figure" }, { "id": "person_cn_q1066825", "type": "person", "title": "Xi Zheng", "slug": "xi-zheng", "aliases": [ "郤正" ], "summary": "Xi Zheng (died 278), courtesy name Lingxian, from Yanshi in Henan and originally named Zuan, was a Shu Han official who rose to director of the secretariat and was known for his writing. He drafted the letter of surrender when Shu fell, left his family to accompany Liu Shan to Luoyang, served the Jin as magistrate of Anyang and governor of Baxi, and died in 278.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q1066825", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1066825" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "郤正（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%83%A4%E6%AD%A3" }, { "id": "zhengshi", "title": "三国志·卷42（维基文库）", "url": "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%9C%8B%E5%BF%97/%E5%8D%B742" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:19:55+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 7, "body": "Xi Zheng was an official of Shu Han known for his writing. The Records of the Three Kingdoms say that his courtesy name was Lingxian, that he came from Yanshi in Henan, and that his original name was Zuan, later changed to Zheng. Wikidata's label is the same, so the title stays as it was. Wikidata records his death in 278.[^wikidata][^zhengshi][^zhwiki]\n\n## Family and youth\n\nThe Records say his grandfather Xi Jian was governor of Yi province at the end of Emperor Ling's reign and was killed by bandits, and in the chaos his father Xi Yi stayed in Shu. Xi Yi served under the general Meng Da, surrendered to Wei with him and became a clerk of the secretariat. Xi Zheng lost his father young and his mother remarried, so he stood alone, but he was content in poverty, loved study and read widely in the classics. At twenty he could write well, entered the court as a secretariat clerk, moved up to clerk, then to gentleman, and finally to director.[^zhengshi][^zhwiki]\n\n## Detachment and writings\n\nHe cared little for honors and especially loved literature. He sought out and read nearly everything from the surviving writings of Sima Xiangru, Wang Bao, Yang Xiong, Ban Gu, Fu Yi, Zhang Heng and Cai Yong to the fine books and discussions of his own day that existed in Yi province. He held an inner post and lived next door to the eunuch Huang Hao for thirty years, during which Huang Hao rose from lowly to powerful and abused his authority. Xi Zheng was neither loved nor hated by Huang Hao, and so he never rose above a rank of 600 bushels but escaped trouble. Following the old scholars and borrowing others' phrases to say what he meant, he wrote the Explaining the Reproach, to follow Cui Yin's Reaching the Purpose. The Records say his poems, essays and rhapsodies came to nearly a hundred pieces.[^zhengshi][^zhwiki]\n\n## The letter of surrender\n\nIn 263, Liu Shan followed Qiao Zhou's plan and sent envoys to surrender to Deng Ai, and the letter was written by Xi Zheng. In the first month of the following year Zhong Hui rebelled in Chengdu and Liu Shan was moved east to Luoyang in confusion. None of the great ministers of Shu were willing to go with him except Xi Zheng and the palace commandant Zhang Tong of Runan, who left their families and went alone. Liu Shan, guided correctly by Xi Zheng, made no mistakes in his conduct and sighed that he regretted knowing Xi Zheng so late, and contemporaries approved of Xi Zheng. He was enfeoffed as Marquis within the Passes.[^zhengshi][^zhwiki]\n\n## Under the Jin\n\nIn the Taishi era he became magistrate of Anyang and was then promoted to governor of Baxi. The edict of 272 praised him for having kept to duty in the troubled days in Chengdu, not departing from loyalty, and, once employed, for working with all his heart and showing a record of good governance, and named him governor of Baxi. He died in 278. Chen Shou's verdict is that Xi Zheng's writing is brilliant, with the manner of Zhang Heng and Cai Yong, that his conduct is worth emulating, and that he and Qiao Zhou had little to do in the Jin and much in Shu, so they were placed in the Shu volumes.[^zhengshi]\n\n## Happy and not thinking of Shu\n\nChinese Wikipedia also records a story. After Liu Shan came to Luoyang, Sima Zhao gave a banquet at which the old Shu ministers wept, but Liu Shan was unmoved and said, \"I am happy here and do not think of Shu.\" Xi Zheng told him, while he was out of the hall, that if asked again he should close his eyes for a moment and then say earnestly, \"My ancestors' graves are far away in Shu and not a day passes without my thinking of them.\" Liu Shan repeated this and Sima Zhao replied that it sounded like something Xi Zheng would say. Liu Shan was astonished, Sima Zhao and his attendants laughed, and he ceased to suspect him. This is the origin of the idiom about being happy and not thinking of Shu. The story does not appear in the biography in the Records of the Three Kingdoms summarized above, and the article gives it only as a tale.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Name: Xi Zheng, courtesy name Lingxian, originally named Zuan[^zhengshi]\n- Origin: Yanshi in Henan[^zhengshi]\n- Died: 278[^wikidata]\n- Offices: director of the secretariat in Shu; magistrate of Anyang and governor of Baxi under the Jin[^zhengshi]\n- Dynasty or state: Shu Han[^wikidata]\n- Birthplace: [[place_cn_410307|Yanshi District]][^wikidata]\n- Portrayal: [[person_cn_q124438430|郤正]] (character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms)", "url": "/people/xi-zheng.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "death": { "year": 278, "display": "278" }, "personCategory": "historical figure" }, { "id": "person_cn_q1066842", "type": "person", "title": "Ma Tie", "slug": "ma-tie", "aliases": [ "马铁" ], "summary": "Ma Tie (179–211) was a son of Ma Teng, a brother of Ma Chao and a general of the northwest in the Three Kingdoms period. When Ma Chao rose against Cao Cao, Cao Cao put Ma Teng and his family to death, and Ma Tie died at that time.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q1066842", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1066842" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "马铁（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E9%90%B5" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:19:55+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 7, "body": "Ma Tie was a son of Ma Teng, a general of the northwest in the Three Kingdoms period, and a brother of Ma Chao. Wikidata's Chinese label is 馬鐵, written 马铁 in simplified characters, with the English alias Ma Tit, and the Chinese Wikipedia article is also under 馬鐵, so the title is unchanged. Wikidata gives his birth as 179, his death as 211, and the manner of death as capital punishment.[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n\n## Family and the move\n\nChinese Wikipedia says that when Cao Cao was made chancellor he wanted to bring Ma Chao to the capital as a subordinate, and Ma Chao did not accept. Cao Cao then summoned Ma Teng to the capital under the title of Commandant of the Guards, and Ma Chao was made General of the Flank and Marquis of Duting. Ma Tie moved with the family to Ye.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Death\n\nThe article says that in 211 Ma Chao rose in revolt against Cao Cao, and Cao Cao put Ma Teng and his family and brothers to death, and Ma Tie died at that time. The opening line of the same article gives his death year as 212, which does not match the 211 of its body text, while Wikidata records 211. The article lists the Records of the Three Kingdoms as its reference but gives no further detail, so nothing more is told here.[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Name: Ma Tie (馬鐵)[^wikidata]\n- Father: Ma Teng; brother: Ma Chao[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n- Life: 179 to 211 (the article's opening line has 212)[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n- Manner of death: capital punishment[^wikidata]\n- Portrayal: [[person_cn_q124326121|马铁]] (character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms)", "url": "/people/ma-tie.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "birth": { "year": 179, "display": "179" }, "death": { "year": 211, "display": "211" }, "personCategory": "historical figure" }, { "id": "person_cn_q1064086", "type": "person", "title": "Gong Zhi", "slug": "gong-zhi", "aliases": [ "巩志" ], "summary": "Gong Zhi (鞏志) is a fictional character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms, a staff officer under Jin Xuan, governor of Wuling. When Liu Bei sent Zhang Fei against Wuling, he urged Jin Xuan to surrender and was refused, so he shot Jin Xuan dead, led the people over to Liu Bei, and was later appointed governor of Wuling.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-literature", "category-people", "category-fictional-characters" ], "tags": [ "tag-fictional-character", "tag-classics", "tag-four-great-classics" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q1064086", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1064086" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "巩志（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9E%8F%E5%BF%97" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:19:54+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 11, "body": "Gong Zhi is a fictional character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Wikidata's Chinese label is 鞏志, written 巩志 in simplified characters, and the Chinese Wikipedia article is also under 鞏志, so the title is unchanged. Wikidata records his occupation as official and his position as governor, with Wuling of the novel as both his workplace and his residence, and the setting as the novel's country of Han.[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n\n## In the novel\n\nChinese Wikipedia says that he served as a staff officer under Jin Xuan, governor of Wuling. When Liu Bei sent Zhang Fei to attack Wuling, Gong Zhi urged Jin Xuan to surrender to Liu Bei, and Jin Xuan refused. After Jin Xuan lost to Zhang Fei, Gong Zhi shot him dead with one arrow and went over to Liu Bei with the people, and Liu Bei then appointed him governor of Wuling. The article cites chapter 53 of the novel.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Other works\n\nThe article adds that in the manga Huofeng Liaoyuan he does not appear in person. Liu Feng only mentions that, when Liu Bei attacked the four commanderies south of the Jing, Gong Zhi killed Jin Xuan, who had made a false surrender to Liu Bei in collusion with Han Xuan, and that he was Zhuge Liang's inside agent.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Name: Gong Zhi (鞏志)[^wikidata]\n- Role: fictional character, governor of Wuling[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n- Occupation: official[^wikidata]\n- Setting recorded on this entry: Han[^wikidata]\n- Appears in: [[work_cn_q70806|The Romance of the Three Kingdoms]]", "url": "/people/gong-zhi.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "disambiguation": "Character in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms", "isFictional": true, "personCategory": "literary character" }, { "id": "person_cn_q1045652", "type": "person", "title": "Dailai Dongzhu", "slug": "dailai-dongzhu", "aliases": [ "带来洞主" ], "summary": "Dailai Dongzhu is a fictional figure in Romance of the Three Kingdoms, the younger brother of Lady Zhurong, Meng Huo's wife, and a leader of the eight fan. He recommends King Mulu and Wutu Gu, once binds Meng Huo and his wife in a false surrender, and at last submits to Shu Han with them. No personal name is attested, so the title stays.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-literature", "category-people", "category-fictional-characters" ], "tags": [ "tag-fictional-character", "tag-classics", "tag-four-great-classics" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q1045652", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1045652" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "带来洞主（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B8%B6%E4%BE%86%E6%B4%9E%E4%B8%BB" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:19:53+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 7, "body": "Dailai Dongzhu is a fictional character in the novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Wikidata's simplified Chinese label is Dailai Dongzhu, and the English label is Dailai Dongzhu. No separate personal name is given. Dongzhu is a title, so the heading stays as it is. This entry calls him the younger brother of Meng Huo's wife, and the story is set in Shu Han. The article also calls him a descendant, in legend, of Zhurong, the fire spirit.[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n\n## Around chapter 90\n\nHe is the younger brother of Lady Zhurong, Meng Huo's wife, and a leader of the eight fan. After Zhuge Liang released Meng Huo for the fifth time, Meng Huo fled to his home at the Silver Pit Cave. Dailai Dongzhu recommended King Mulu, who drove wild beasts against the Shu army. After Zhuge Liang defeated King Mulu, Dailai Dongzhu bound Meng Huo and his wife, pretended to surrender, and meant to assassinate Zhuge Liang. Zhuge Liang saw through it. That was the sixth capture of Meng Huo. After the sixth release, Dailai Dongzhu recommended Wutu Gu, lord of Wuge, and the rattan-armor army. They were defeated. Dailai Dongzhu then submitted to Shu Han together with Meng Huo and his wife. The article places this in chapter 90.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Title: Dailai Dongzhu[^wikidata]\n- Description: a fictional character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms, younger brother of Meng Huo's wife[^wikidata]\n- Setting recorded on this entry: Shu Han[^wikidata]\n- Appears in: [[work_cn_q70806|Romance of the Three Kingdoms]][^zhwiki]", "url": "/people/dailai-dongzhu.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "disambiguation": "Character in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms", "isFictional": true, "personCategory": "literary character" }, { "id": "person_cn_q1045352", "type": "person", "title": "Hu Sanniang", "slug": "hu-sanniang", "aliases": [ "扈三娘" ], "summary": "Hu Sanniang, in Water Margin, is the daughter of the Hu manor lord. Her nickname is Yizhangqing. Lin Chong captures her. Song Jiang later matches her with Wang Ying, and she ranks fifty-ninth on Liangshan. In the Fang La campaign Zheng Biao kills her with a stone bullet. She is posthumously titled Lady of Huayang commandery.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-literature", "category-people", "category-fictional-characters" ], "tags": [ "tag-fictional-character", "tag-classics", "tag-four-great-classics" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q1045352", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1045352" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "扈三娘（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%89%88%E4%B8%89%E5%A8%98" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:19:50+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 7, "body": "Hu Sanniang is a character in the novel Water Margin. Wikidata names her Hu Sanniang. The same materials also give the nickname Yizhangqing and the star name Dihuixing. Neither the nickname nor the star name replaces the title. This entry calls her one of the three women commanders of Liangshan, and the story is set in the Great Song.[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n\n## In battle\n\nShe is the daughter of the lord of Hu manor and the younger sister of Hu Cheng, the Flying Tiger. She was betrothed to Zhu Biao. She fights with a pair of sun-and-moon swords and can take prisoners with a rope from the saddle. When Song Jiang attacked Zhu manor, Hu manor sent troops to help. Her rope took Wang Ying, Qin Ming, and others one after another, and for a time no one on Liangshan dared to meet her. Song Jiang sent Lin Chong. Lin Chong captured her, and Song Jiang gave her to his father, Lord Song, to watch. Hu Cheng then made peace, agreeing that anyone from Zhu manor who fled to Hu manor would be bound and sent to Liangshan, in exchange for Hu Sanniang.[^zhwiki]\n\n## On the mountain, and her death\n\nAfter Zhu manor was destroyed she took Lord Song as an adoptive father and became Song Jiang's sworn younger sister. The article calls her the first woman commander of Liangshan. Song Jiang matched her with Wang Ying. Husband and wife together handled the internal affairs of the Liangshan forces, and she ranked fifty-ninth. In the later campaign against Fang La, Zheng Biao killed Wang Ying. She went to take revenge and was struck from her horse by a stone bullet Zheng Biao threw. She died and was posthumously titled Lady of Huayang commandery.[^zhwiki]\n\n## A few further notes in the article\n\nThe article says that in chapter 55, fighting Huyan Zhuo, she tells the Hua general to rest and watch her take the man, that in chapter 51 she bows her thanks when Song Jiang makes the match, and that she joins the oath at the great assembly. The 120-chapter version adds a line in the Tian Hu campaign: when Qiong Ying spears Wang Ying in the thigh, Hu Sanniang curses her. In earlier sources the name Yizhangqing is not this woman. In the Eulogies of Song Jiang's Thirty-Six it appears in the verse for Yan Qing, and the Anecdotes of the Xuanhe Reign of the Great Song has a Yizhangqing Zhang Heng. The article also lists performers in several films and television versions. Those names are not copied out here.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Name: Hu Sanniang[^wikidata]\n- Nickname: Yizhangqing[^zhwiki]\n- Star name: Dihuixing[^wikidata]\n- Description: one of the three women commanders of Liangshan in Water Margin[^wikidata]\n- Setting recorded on this entry: Great Song[^wikidata]\n- Appears in: [[work_cn_q70827|Water Margin]][^zhwiki]", "url": "/people/hu-sanniang.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "disambiguation": "Character in Water Margin", "isFictional": true, "personCategory": "literary character" }, { "id": "person_cn_q1044471", "type": "person", "title": "Sun Li", "slug": "sun-li", "aliases": [ "孙礼" ], "summary": "Sun Li (died 250 in this entry), courtesy name Deda, was from Rongcheng in Zhuo commandery. He became minister of works under Cao Wei, with the posthumous title Marquis Jing. The Records of the Three Kingdoms do not give the year of his death.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q1044471", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1044471" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "孙礼（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AD%AB%E7%A6%AE" }, { "id": "zhengshi", "title": "三国志/卷24（维基文库）", "url": "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%9C%8B%E5%BF%97/%E5%8D%B724" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:19:45+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 7, "body": "Sun Li was a minister of Cao Wei. Wikidata's simplified Chinese label is Sun Li, and the English label is Sun Li. The Records of the Three Kingdoms say his courtesy name was Deda and that he was from Rongcheng in Zhuo commandery, so the title stays the personal name. This entry dates his death to 250 and records him as a political figure, with his birthplace at [[place_cn_130629|Rongcheng County]]. The cited encyclopedia says 250 or 251. The Records say only that he died and was given the posthumous title Marquis Jing. They do not give the month or year.[^wikidata][^zhwiki][^zhengshi]\n\n## Rise\n\nDuring the troubles he was separated from his mother. Ma Tai of the same commandery found her, and Sun Li gave Ma Tai the whole family property. After Cao Cao pacified You province, he summoned Sun Li as a counselor on the staff of the minister of works. Ma Tai was later condemned to death. Sun Li privately showed him how to escape over the prison wall, then said a subject had no right to flee, and went straight to Wen Hui, the clerk who investigated crime, to give himself up. Wen Hui told Cao Cao. Both men had their death sentences reduced by one degree. Sun Li then became assistant in Hejian and gradually commandant of Xingyang. Several hundred bandits in the hills of Lu held the passes and harmed the people, and the court moved him to be chancellor of Lu. He brought out salary grain, raised clerks and people, offered rewards for heads, and also took in those who surrendered, sending them back as agents. The district was soon quiet. He governed Shanyang, Pingyuan, Pingchang, and Langye. When he followed the grand marshal Cao Xiu against Wu at Jiashi, he advised Cao Xiu not to go deep. Cao Xiu did not listen and was defeated. Sun Li then became governor of Yangping and, at court, a master of writing.[^zhengshi]\n\n## Under the Ming emperor\n\nThe Ming emperor was building palaces while the seasons were disordered and grain was short. Sun Li argued hard, and the labor was stopped. The edict said the frank advice was accepted and the people should be sent home, but the supervisor Li Hui asked to keep them another month to finish the work. Sun Li went to the site, made no further memorial, and dismissed the workers in the emperor's name. The emperor thought the intention remarkable and did not punish him. When the emperor hunted on Dashi Mountain, a tiger rushed the carriage. Sun Li threw down his whip, dismounted, and meant to strike the tiger with his sword. The emperor ordered him back onto the horse. As the Ming emperor was dying, he made Cao Shuang general-in-chief and, receiving the testamentary edict by the bed, appointed Sun Li chief clerk of the general-in-chief and cavalier attendant. Sun Li was upright and would not bend. Cao Shuang found that inconvenient and sent him out as inspector of Yang province, wave-subduing general, and marquis within the passes.[^zhengshi]\n\n## Shaopei and Jizhou\n\nThe Wu general Quan Cong invaded with tens of thousands. Most of the provincial troops were away, and few remained. Sun Li led the guards himself and fought at Shaopei from dawn until evening. More than half the officers and men were killed or wounded. His horse took several wounds. He held the drumstick and went among the blades, and the Wu force withdrew. The court granted seven hundred bolts of silk. He mourned the dead and gave all the silk to their families. He was later called in as steward of the lesser treasury, went out as inspector of Jing province, and then became shepherd of Ji province. Sima Yi told him that Qinghe and Pingyuan had disputed their border for eight years and that two inspectors had failed to settle it. Sun Li said the map from the time the founder first enfeoffed Pingyuan should decide the case. When he arrived he followed the map and assigned the land to Pingyuan. Cao Shuang believed Qinghe and wrote that the map could not be used and that other views should be weighed. Sun Li memorialized, put on his sash and shoes, and waited in his carriage to be dismissed. Cao Shuang was furious, charged him with resentment, and sentenced him to five years. After a year at home, and after many people spoke for him, he was made colonel of the city gates.[^zhengshi]\n\n## Last years\n\nThe Xiongnu king Liu Jing was strong, and the Xianbei often raided the frontier. The court made Sun Li inspector of Bing province, martial-awe general, holder of credentials, and protector of the Xiongnu. He visited Sima Yi with an angry face and said nothing. Sima Yi thought he found Bing province too small, or still resented the border decision. Sun Li said he was not thinking of rank or of the old case. What grieved him was that the altars were in danger. He wept. Sima Yi told him to endure what was hard to endure. After Cao Shuang was killed, Sun Li became colonel-director of retainers. He had charge, in all, of seven commanderies and five provinces, and in each he had authority. He was promoted to minister of works and enfeoffed as Marquis of Daliting, with a hundred households. He and Lu Yu were of the same commandery and the same generation, but they were not close. Their reputations and ranks were roughly equal. The Records say he died, was posthumously titled Marquis Jing, and was succeeded by his grandson Sun Yuan.[^zhengshi]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Name: Sun Li[^zhengshi]\n- Courtesy name: Deda[^zhengshi]\n- Death year recorded on this entry: 250; the Records give no year, and the encyclopedia says 250 or 251[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n- Realm: Cao Wei[^wikidata]\n- Birthplace: [[place_cn_130629|Rongcheng County]][^wikidata]\n- Occupation recorded on this entry: political figure[^wikidata]\n- Posthumous title: Marquis Jing[^zhengshi]\n- Portrayal: [[person_cn_q124460602|Sun Li]] (a character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms)", "url": "/people/sun-li.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "death": { "year": 250, "display": "250" }, "personCategory": "historical figure" }, { "id": "person_cn_q1044450", "type": "person", "title": "Hu Ban", "slug": "hu-ban", "aliases": [ "胡班" ], "summary": "Hu Ban, in Romance of the Three Kingdoms, is the son of the court gentleman Hu Hua. He served Wang Zhi at Xingyang, spared Guan Yu, and later joined Liu Bei as a general of the standard gate. The article says the man who reported Zhang Fei's death is also written Wu Ban. This entry dates Hu Ban's death to 234, which the article does not narrate.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-literature", "category-people", "category-fictional-characters" ], "tags": [ "tag-fictional-character", "tag-classics", "tag-four-great-classics" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q1044450", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1044450" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "胡班（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%83%A1%E7%8F%AD" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:19:44+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 7, "body": "Hu Ban is a character in the novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Wikidata names him Hu Ban. The cited article calls him fictional and says he was the son of Hu Hua, a gentleman-consultant in the reign of Emperor Huan. This entry records him as a commander under Liu Bei and dates his death to 234. The article does not give a year of death, so the stored year is repeated and no death scene is added. The story is set in the Han.[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n\n## Xingyang\n\nHe began as an aide of Wang Zhi, governor of Xingyang. After Guan Yu had forced the passes, Wang Zhi received him warmly and secretly ordered Hu Ban to burn Guan Yu's lodging. Hu Ban wanted to see Guan Yu's face, and on seeing him cried out in admiration. Guan Yu asked his name and showed him Hu Hua's letter. Hu Ban then told him of Wang Zhi's plan. Guan Yu escorted his two sisters-in-law out of the post station. Wang Zhi pursued and was cut in two at the waist.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Joining Liu Bei\n\nHu Ban later came to Jing province and surrendered to Guan Yu, who remembered the old rescue. When Liu Bei became king of Hanzhong, he sent Hu Ban with Fei Shi into Shu to see the king receive the title. Hu Ban was made general of the standard gate. Liu Bei then had him assist Zhang Fei in holding Langzhong. After Zhang Fei's officers Fan Qiang and Zhang Da killed Zhang Fei, the article says Hu Ban reported directly to Liu Bei, and notes that this reporter is also written Wu Ban. Zhang Fei's elder son Zhang Bao coffined the body, the second son Zhang Shao held Langzhong, and Zhang Bao was sent to Chengdu. Both names appear for that report, so the title stays Hu Ban.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Name: Hu Ban[^wikidata]\n- Death year recorded on this entry: 234; the cited article does not narrate that death[^wikidata]\n- Role: a commander under Liu Bei[^wikidata]\n- Setting recorded on this entry: Han[^wikidata]\n- Appears in: [[work_cn_q70806|Romance of the Three Kingdoms]][^zhwiki]", "url": "/people/hu-ban.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "death": { "year": 234, "display": "234" }, "disambiguation": "Character in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms", "isFictional": true, "personCategory": "literary character" }, { "id": "person_cn_q1044418", "type": "person", "title": "Li Feng", "slug": "li-feng", "aliases": [ "李丰" ], "summary": "Li Feng (died 254), courtesy name Anguo, or Xuan'guo in another account, was from Dong county in Fengyi and served Cao Wei as prefect of the palace secretariat. In the second month of 254 Sima Shi killed him with the iron ring of a knife handle. This entry dates his death to 254.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q1044418", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1044418" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "李丰 (曹魏)（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E4%B8%B0_(%E6%9B%B9%E9%AD%8F)" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:19:41+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 7, "body": "Li Feng was an official of Cao Wei. Wikidata names him Li Feng, so the title stays the personal name. The cited article gives his courtesy name as Anguo, and in another account as Xuanguo. The courtesy name is disputed, so it does not replace the title. He was from Dong county in Fengyi, and this entry places his birthplace at [[place_cn_610523|Dali County]]. His father, Li Yi (the name written 义), was commandant of the guards. Li Feng rose to prefect of the palace secretariat. This entry dates his death to 254 and records him as a political figure.[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n\n## Early reputation\n\nIn the Huangchu years he was summoned to follow the army because of his father's appointment. He was then seventeen or eighteen, living at Ye, known for integrity and for judging men, and his reputation soon reached Xuchang. His father made him shut his door and study, away from guests. After Cao Rui became emperor he asked a man who had come over from Wu which notable of the central plains he had heard of. The man said he knew only Li Anguo. Cao Rui later asked his attendants who Li Anguo was, and they said it was Li Feng's courtesy name. Li Feng served as gentleman of the yellow gate, commandant of cavalry, and palace attendant. After Cao Rui died he became coachman of Yongning. The article says his fame outran his ability, so he was not given great trust.[^zhwiki]\n\n## After Zhengshi\n\nIn the Zhengshi years he became attendant within the palace and vice director of the secretariat, and he often pleaded illness. A hundred days of sick leave stopped the salary, so for several years he was ill for a few days, recovered, and fell ill again. When his son Li Tao was chosen to marry a princess, Li Feng refused in public and agreed in private. His younger brothers, Li Yi (the name written 翼) and Li Wei, were grand administrators for many years. While Sima Yi was long ill, Li Wei drank and mismanaged Xinping and Fufeng, and Li Feng did nothing. People thought he relied on favor. While Cao Shuang held power, Li Feng tried to please both Cao Shuang and Sima Yi. A jingle compared Cao Shuang to hot soup, the grand tutor to cold slurry, and the Li brothers to the spirit Youguang. On the day Sima Yi destroyed Cao Shuang, he stopped his chariot at court and told Li Feng. Li Feng was so frightened that he crouched on the ground and could not rise. After Sima Yi died, the prefecture of the secretariat was vacant. Someone recommended Li Feng to Sima Shi. Li Feng thought of his marriage tie to Cao Fang and did not decline. He privately favored Xiahou Xuan and joined Zhang Ji, the empress's father, who had been removed from a commandery. They meant to overthrow Sima Shi and make Xiahou Xuan general-in-chief. Li Feng secretly had his younger brother Li Yi (翼) ask to enter court with troops. The requests were not granted.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Death\n\nThe article places the plot in the second month of 254, when a noble lady was to be received at court. Li Feng planned to use the imperial carriage's arrival, have the emperor's troops at the gates kill Sima Shi, replace him with Xiahou Xuan, and make Zhang Ji general of the agile cavalry. The plotters included Su Shuo, supervisor of the yellow gate, Le Dun, prefect of the Yongning office, and Liu Xian, servant of the attendants. Sima Shi heard of it and sent Wang Yang with a carriage to fetch Li Feng. Under questioning Li Feng knew the plot was exposed and cursed Sima Shi aloud. Sima Shi, in anger, killed him with the iron ring on a knife handle. That night the body was sent to the commandant of justice. Zhong Yu first refused it, saying it was not a case for the judge, and accepted it only after the edict arrived. Zhang Ji was ordered to die. Zhong Yu reported that Li Feng and the others had meant to seize the emperor and kill Sima Shi on their own authority. After the ministers and the commandant deliberated, Li Tao, Xiahou Xuan, Su Shuo, Le Dun, Liu Xian, and others were beheaded and their three kindred groups destroyed. The remaining dependents were moved to Lelang. A separate edict spared the three sons of Princess Qi the Elder because she was a daughter of the late emperor. Li Feng's daughter Li Wan, already married to Jia Chong, was exiled and separated from her husband, and was pardoned only after the Western Jin was founded. Cao Fang was furious at Li Feng's death and asked how he had died. Empress Dowager Guo, afraid, called Cao Fang inside, and the questioning stopped. Cao Fang was deposed in the ninth month.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Name: Li Feng[^wikidata]\n- Courtesy name: Anguo, or Xuanguo in another account[^zhwiki]\n- Death year recorded on this entry: 254[^wikidata]\n- Realm: Cao Wei[^wikidata]\n- Birthplace: [[place_cn_610523|Dali County]][^wikidata]\n- Occupation recorded on this entry: political figure[^wikidata]\n- Portrayal: [[person_cn_q124635251|Li Feng]] (a character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms)", "url": "/people/li-feng.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "death": { "year": 254, "display": "254" }, "personCategory": "historical figure" }, { "id": "person_cn_q10538322", "type": "person", "title": "Jia Jing", "slug": "jia-jing", "aliases": [ "贾敬" ], "summary": "Jia Jing, in Dream of the Red Chamber, is the grandson of Duke Ning, Jia Yan, and the second son of Jia Daihua. He was a jinshi of the Yimao examination, rank 5b, but left office and title to his son Jia Zhen and practiced alchemy at the Xuanzhen temple. In chapter 63 he dies of elixir poisoning.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-literature", "category-people", "category-fictional-characters" ], "tags": [ "tag-fictional-character", "tag-classics", "tag-four-great-classics" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q10538322", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10538322" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "贾敬（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B4%BE%E6%95%AC" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:19:41+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 7, "body": "Jia Jing is a character in the novel Dream of the Red Chamber. Wikidata names him Jia Jing, so the title stays that name. He is the grandson of Duke Ning, Jia Yan, and the second son of Jia Daihua. This entry records him as a figure of the novel, and the story is set in the dynasty of the novel.[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n\n## Alchemy\n\nHe was a jinshi of the Yimao examination, of the fifth rank, upper degree, but he cared only for the Way and for firing elixir. He left the office and the title to his son Jia Zhen. Every day he practiced at the Xuanzhen temple outside the capital, kept company with Daoists, and wanted to become an immortal. He attended to nothing else.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Death\n\nHe later took elixir without restraint and died of the poison. At death his belly was hard as iron, and his face and lips were burned a purple-crimson and cracked. The article says he appears in chapter 2 and dies in chapter 63.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Name: Jia Jing[^wikidata]\n- Parentage: son of Jia Daihua, grandson of Duke Ning, Jia Yan[^zhwiki]\n- Setting recorded on this entry: the dynasty of the novel[^wikidata]\n- Appears in: [[work_cn_q8265|Dream of the Red Chamber]][^zhwiki]", "url": "/people/jia-jing.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "disambiguation": "Character in Dream of the Red Chamber", "isFictional": true, "personCategory": "literary character" }, { "id": "person_cn_q1053218", "type": "person", "title": "Gongsun Sheng", "slug": "gongsun-sheng", "aliases": [ "公孙胜" ], "summary": "Gongsun Sheng, in Water Margin, is a Daoist from Jizhou. His Daoist name is Yiqing, his nickname is the Dragon Entering the Clouds, and his star is Tianxianxing. He studied under Luo the Perfected. He joined the seizure of the birthday gift and later kept Liangshan's secrets. After Wang Qing, at Chenqiao post he recalled his teacher's words, returned to Jizhou, and did not join the Fang La campaign.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-literature", "category-people", "category-fictional-characters" ], "tags": [ "tag-fictional-character", "tag-classics", "tag-four-great-classics" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q1053218", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1053218" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "公孙胜（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E5%AD%99%E8%83%9C" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:19:32+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 7, "body": "Gongsun Sheng is a character in the novel Water Margin. Wikidata names him Gongsun Sheng. The same materials also give the Daoist name Yiqing, the nickname Dragon Entering the Clouds, the star name Tianxianxing, and the form Gongsun Yiqing. The Daoist name, the nickname, and the star name do not replace the title. He is from Jizhou, a wandering Daoist of the Zixu temple, and a disciple of Luo the Perfected. This entry records him as a Water Margin figure, and the story is set in the Great Song.[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n\n## The mountain, and the return home\n\nHe is tall and large, with slanting brows, almond eyes, and whiskers, a short robe, hemp shoes, and a pine-grain ancient-ingot sword. He is skilled both in Daoist arts and with spear and staff. Hearing that Yang Zhi was escorting Cai Jing's birthday gift, he thought the wealth unjust and went to Chao Gai to plan its seizure. After the affair he drove off He Tao and went up to Liangshan. When Song Jiang had been rescued from the execution ground at Jiangzhou, Gongsun Sheng missed his old mother, went home, and did not return. When Song Jiang attacked Gaotang and lost to Gao Lian's sorcery, he was asked down again. With the orthodox method of the five thunders and the heavenly stars, taught by Luo the Perfected, he broke Gao Lian's art. Shi Jin's first battle at Mangdang Mountain went badly. Gongsun Sheng arrived with troops, set an eight-trigram formation, broke Fan Rui's sorcery, and received Fan Rui and the others. When the hundred and eight gathered, he served as the strategist who kept the secrets.[^zhwiki]\n\n## After the amnesty\n\nAfter the amnesty he followed the campaigns against Liao and Tian Hu. Tian Hu's strategist Qiao Daoqing defeated the Liangshan men with sorcery. Gongsun Sheng broke that art and received him. Against Wang Qing, Lu Junyi fought Li Zhu, called the Master of the Golden Sword, at Nanfeng and could not match the sword. Gongsun Sheng arrived with the center army and by art made the sword leave Li Zhu's hand, so Lu Junyi captured him alive. After Wang Qing was pacified, Song Jiang camped at Chenqiao post outside the eastern capital. Gongsun Sheng remembered Luo the Perfected's words, return when you meet the Bian, took leave of Song Jiang, and went back to the Mountain of the Two Immortals in Jizhou. He did not go with the Liangshan company again and did not join the campaign against Fang La. He studied the Way with his teacher and cared for his mother until the end of his years. The article includes remarks by Yu Xiangdou, Jin Shengtan, Wang Wangru, and Chen Chen. Those sentences are not copied out, nor is the list of screen performers.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Name: Gongsun Sheng[^wikidata]\n- Daoist name: Yiqing[^zhwiki]\n- Nickname: Dragon Entering the Clouds[^zhwiki]\n- Star name: Tianxianxing[^wikidata]\n- Origin: Jizhou[^zhwiki]\n- Setting recorded on this entry: Great Song[^wikidata]\n- Appears in: [[work_cn_q70827|Water Margin]][^zhwiki]", "url": "/people/gongsun-sheng.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "disambiguation": "Character in Water Margin", "isFictional": true, "personCategory": "literary character" }, { "id": "person_cn_q1042908", "type": "person", "title": "Qiao Rui", "slug": "qiao-rui", "aliases": [ "桥蕤" ], "summary": "Qiao Rui (died 197) was a general of Yuan Shu at the end of the Eastern Han, given the rank of grand general. In 197 Cao Cao marched in person, Yuan Shu fled, and Qiao Rui was among the generals left behind and killed. The cited article says he is the same man as the form written with the surname character 乔, so the title stays Qiao Rui.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q1042908", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1042908" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "桥蕤（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A9%8B%E8%95%A4" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:19:29+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 7, "body": "Qiao Rui was a commander under Yuan Shu at the end of the Eastern Han. Wikidata's simplified Chinese label is Qiao Rui, and the English label is Qiao Rui. The cited article says that this Qiao Rui and the same name written with the surname character 乔 are one person, so the title stays Qiao Rui. This entry dates his death to 197.[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n\n## Under Yuan Shu\n\nYuan Shu made him grand general. In the fourth year of Chuping (193) he joined Yuan Shu in attacking Qiyang, in Cao Cao's territory. Yuan Shu wanted to send He Kui to urge a surrender. He Kui refused and hid on Qian Mountain. In the first year of Xingping (194) Sun Ce attached himself to Yuan Shu, who returned Sun Jian's old troops to him. Qiao Rui and Zhang Xun both treated Sun Ce with respect.[^zhwiki]\n\n## The second year of Jian'an\n\nIn the second year of Jian'an (197) Yuan Shu took the imperial title in Huainan and called his regime Zhongjia. He sought a marriage alliance with Lü Bu, and Lü Bu first agreed. The envoy Han Yin announced the imperial claim and came to fetch the bride. Chen Gui, chancellor of Pei, feared a union of Xu province and Yang province and persuaded Lü Bu to refuse. Lü Bu also resented Yuan Shu's earlier failure to help him. He recalled the daughter already on the road, sent Han Yin in custody to Xu, and Cao Cao had Han Yin beheaded. Yuan Shu sent his generals Zhang Xun and Qiao Rui, with the White Wave leaders Han Xian and Yang Feng, in seven columns of infantry and cavalry against Lü Bu. Lü Bu had few troops. On Chen Gui's plan he wrote to Han Xian and Yang Feng, urging them to turn on Yuan Shu, and he sent them military supplies. They were pleased, joined Lü Bu, and smashed Zhang Xun at Xiapi. Cao Cao then marched in person. When Yuan Shu heard it he abandoned his army and fled back to Huainan, leaving Qiao Rui, Li Feng, Liang Gang, and Yue Jiu. The article says Cao Cao's general Yu Jin captured these four alive and beheaded them all. The rest scattered, and nearly all were killed, wounded, or drowned.[^zhwiki]\n\n## A different death in the novel\n\nRomance of the Three Kingdoms tells another story. When Cao Cao attacked Yuan Shu, Yuan Shu ordered Qiao Rui to hold the border of Shouchun with fifty thousand men. Qiao Rui rode out to duel Xiahou Dun and was speared to death in fewer than three bouts. That is the novel, not the account above. The portrayal is [[person_cn_q123786584|Qiao Rui]].[^zhwiki]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Name: Qiao Rui[^wikidata]\n- Death year recorded on this entry: 197[^wikidata]\n- Realm: Eastern Han[^wikidata]\n- Portrayal: [[person_cn_q123786584|Qiao Rui]] (a character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms)", "url": "/people/qiao-rui.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "death": { "year": 197, "display": "197" }, "personCategory": "historical figure" }, { "id": "person_cn_q1051287", "type": "person", "title": "Bi Gan", "slug": "bi-gan", "aliases": [ "比干" ], "summary": "Bi Gan, of the Zi clan, from Mei in Yin-Shang, was a son of Wen Ding and an uncle of King Zhou. He rose to junior preceptor. Confucius says he died for his remonstrance. The article also records a cut-out heart, death by drowning, death in the fighting, and stele texts that would put his death more than ten years after King Zhou. This entry gives no birth or death year.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q1051287", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1051287" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "比干（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E5%B9%B2" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:19:26+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 7, "body": "Bi Gan was a prince of the Shang house. Wikidata names him Bi Gan. The record also has the later form Lord Lin the Grand Preceptor, which does not replace the title. The article says he was of the Zi clan, from Mei in Yin-Shang, which it identifies with present-day Weihui in Henan. He was a son of King Wen Ding, a younger brother of Di Yi, and an uncle of King Zhou. He was clever and hardworking as a child and rose to junior preceptor. Confucius names Weizi, Jizi, and Bi Gan the three benevolent men of Yin, and says Bi Gan died because he remonstrated. He is also treated as the ancestor of the Lin surname and as a god of wealth. This entry records no birth or death year and lists him as a political figure. The article likewise gives only question marks for the years.[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n\n## Accounts of his death\n\nDeath for remonstrance is the early account. The article says the story that his heart was cut out is first recorded in the Spring and Autumn period, long after the event, and that the texts make King Zhou more cruel as time goes on, so later embroidery cannot be ruled out. A Hunan Television summary of the Xia-Shang-Zhou chronology project says some steles in Bi Gan temples put his death more than ten years after King Zhou, which would mean King Zhou did not kill him. The article calls this short of proof and still a doubt. In the Warring States period another account, close to the story of Qu Yuan, says Bi Gan drowned. The modern scholar Gu Jiegang also argued that Bi Gan was both King Zhou's uncle and King Wu of Zhou's maternal uncle, that he tried to mediate, and that he died in the confusion of the battle when mediation failed. King Wu buried him hastily on the field and built a great tomb only after Shang had fallen. That would explain the record of the tomb. These accounts do not agree, and this entry does not choose one death.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Honors, cult, and the novel\n\nEmperor Taizong of Tang gave him the posthumous office of grand preceptor and the title Duke of Loyal Ardor. Emperor Shun of Yuan added Renxian, making him the Duke of Manifest Benevolence and Loyal Ardor. A Daoist collection of audiences of the god of wealth calls him the Perfected Bi who Guards Wealth and Stores the True. In Investiture of the Gods, Jiang Ziya enfeoffs him as the star lord of Wenqu. Weihui in Henan has a Bi Gan temple, with the stele Confucius is said to have cut with a sword, Emperor Xiaowen of Northern Wei's lament for Bi Gan, and more than a hundred other steles. The temple was founded in 494. Qi county in Henan, according to the Qi county gazetteer, has a temple of the three benevolent men, for Bi Gan, Jizi, and Weizi. In the novel he has a heart with seven openings. For three days and nights at the Star-Plucking Terrace he blames Daji for throwing the realm into disorder and tells King Zhou that disaster is near if he abandons the former kings' rules and listens only to a woman. Daji, the nine-tailed fox, already hates him for the burning of the fox den. King Zhou has his heart cut out. The terrace at Qi county was later renamed the Heart-Plucking Terrace. The novel says Jiang Ziya's charm lets him live after the heart is gone, until he meets a woman selling hollow-heart vegetables. She says a person without a heart dies, and he dies at once. He is then called the first loyal minister of all time. The portrayal is [[person_cn_q12476179|Bi Gan]]. The article also lists screen performers. Those names are not copied out here.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Name: Bi Gan[^wikidata]\n- Clan: Zi[^zhwiki]\n- Description: a noble of the Shang[^wikidata]\n- Later form of address: Lord Lin the Grand Preceptor[^wikidata]\n- Occupation recorded on this entry: political figure[^wikidata]\n- Portrayal: [[person_cn_q12476179|Bi Gan]] (a character in Investiture of the Gods)", "url": "/people/bi-gan.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "personCategory": "historical figure" }, { "id": "person_cn_q10509106", "type": "person", "title": "Subhuti", "slug": "subhuti", "aliases": [ "菩提祖师" ], "summary": "Patriarch Subhuti, fully named Patriarch Subhuti of the Xu, is Sun Wukong's teacher in Journey to the West. He teaches the seventy-two transformations, long life, and the cloud somersault, and he forbids Wukong to reveal the school. The article gives several accounts of who he really is, so the title stays.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-literature", "category-people", "category-fictional-characters" ], "tags": [ "tag-fictional-character", "tag-classics", "tag-four-great-classics" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q10509106", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10509106" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "菩提祖师（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8F%A9%E6%8F%90%E7%A5%96%E5%B8%88" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:19:24+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 7, "body": "Patriarch Subhuti is a character in the novel Journey to the West. Wikidata names him Subhuti. The cited article says the full name is Patriarch Subhuti, with the Xu syllable. It then lists several real identities, including the Tathagata, Guanyin, and the Most High Lord Lao. They do not agree, so the title stays Patriarch Subhuti. This entry records him as a figure of Journey to the West.[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n\n## The pupil\n\nHe takes Sun Wukong as a disciple and teaches the seventy-two transformations, deathlessness, and the cloud somersault. He foresees that Wukong will make trouble, and he requires secrecy: the school and the old story of the training must never be mentioned. In chapter 1 a woodcutter points the Handsome Monkey King the way, and Wukong then meets him. The book presents him as a great immortal versed in both Daoism and Buddhism, of high powers and many disciples. People of the hills and wilds receive his teaching. He leads them toward the Way and also teaches ways of strengthening the body and calming the mind.[^zhwiki]\n\n## The name, and later guesses\n\nCommentators say Subhuti was a great disciple of the Tathagata, known for understanding emptiness, and that the Diamond Sutra is what the Buddha said to Subhuti. The name was not originally a title among immortals, and some take that to mean the immortal and the Buddha are one. The article also gathers guesses about who he really was. Some say the Tathagata, using among other things Wukong's later thought that he bowed only to the Buddha, to Guanyin, and to the teacher of the Mountain of the Two Boundaries, together with the Tathagata's awakening under the bodhi tree. Other guesses are Guanyin, the Most High Lord Lao, a junior fellow of the Tathagata, Subhuti among the Tathagata's ten great disciples, and a portrait of the author. Popular talk adds the Daoist Zhunti and the Primordial Heavenly Worthy. The article says the last of these mixes Journey to the West with Investiture of the Gods. The television series The Lotus Lantern and its prequel present Yuding Zhenren as an earlier or true form of Patriarch Subhuti. None of these accounts supplies one personal name to replace the title.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Name: Patriarch Subhuti[^wikidata]\n- Full form in the article: Patriarch Subhuti, with the Xu syllable[^zhwiki]\n- Description: a character in Journey to the West, Sun Wukong's teacher[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n- Appears in: [[work_cn_q70784|Journey to the West]][^zhwiki]", "url": "/people/subhuti.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "disambiguation": "Character in Journey to the West", "isFictional": true, "personCategory": "mythological figure" }, { "id": "person_cn_q1048253", "type": "person", "title": "Yang Biao", "slug": "yang-biao", "aliases": [ "杨彪" ], "summary": "Yang Biao (142–225), courtesy name Wenxian, of Huayin in Hongnong, was a minister at the end of the Eastern Han and the fourth grand commandant in the Yang line after Yang Zhen. His son was Yang Xiu. He opposed Dong Zhuo's move of the capital and later refused the commandantship offered by Cao Pi. He died in 225 at eighty-four.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q1048253", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1048253" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "杨彪（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A5%8A%E5%BD%AA" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:19:15+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 7, "body": "Yang Biao was a minister at the end of the Eastern Han. Wikidata's simplified Chinese label is Yang Biao, and the English label is Yang Biao. The cited article gives his courtesy name as Wenxian and his home as Huayin in Hongnong. The courtesy name does not replace the title. He belonged to the Yang clan of Hongnong. From Yang Zhen to Yang Biao, four generations served as grand commandant. His son was Yang Xiu. This entry dates him from 142 to 225, records his realm as Cao Wei, and records him as a political figure.[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n\n## Family and early office\n\nThe article traces a distant ancestor, Yang Xi, as a fierce general under Emperor Gao of Han, and an ancestor Yang Chang as chancellor under Emperor Zhao, Marquis of Anping, who married a daughter of Sima Qian. It also says Yang Bao once saved a yellow sparrow and was repaid with a jade ring. As a youth Yang Biao was shaped by the family learning. He was first recommended as filial and incorrupt, the province then recommended him as an abundant talent, and the offices summoned him. He declined all of these. In the Xiping years he was called in as a gentleman-consultant because of his knowledge of old records. With Ma Midi, Cai Yong, Lu Zhi, Han Shuo, and others he continued the Han Record of the Eastern Lodge, and he became palace attendant and governor of the capital district. In the second year of Guanghe (179) the yellow-gate prefect Wang Fu had his clients extort more than seventy million from the commanderies. Yang Biao exposed it to Yang Qiu, colonel-director of retainers. Yang Qiu memorialized, and Wang Fu was killed. Yang Biao then served again as palace attendant and leader of the five offices, governed Yingchuan and Nanyang, and passed through palace attendant, steward of the Yongle palace, coachman, and commandant of the guards. In the sixth year of Zhongping (189) he replaced Dong Zhuo as minister of works, and that winter replaced Huang Wan as minister over the masses.[^zhwiki]\n\n## The move of the capital, and the flight\n\nIn the first year of Chuping (190) the east of the passes rose against Dong Zhuo. Dong Zhuo planned to move the capital to Chang'an and cited the Stone Bundle prophecy. The officials dared not speak. Yang Biao said a move was a great matter, that after Wang Mang's chaos almost no one in Guanzhong had survived, and that to abandon the temples and tombs for no cause would shake the people. He called the prophecy a deviant book. Dong Zhuo changed color. The grand commandant Huang Wan supported Yang Biao. Xun Shuang, minister of works, saw that Dong Zhuo would not bend, agreed aloud, and privately told Yang Biao that further argument would bring disaster. On the fifth day of the second month Dong Zhuo had Xuan Fan, colonel-director of retainers, cite omens and memorialize the dismissal of Huang Wan, Yang Biao, and others. In the third month of the second year of Xingping (195), Li Xian, a nephew of Li Jue, surrounded the palace with several thousand men to seize Emperor Xian. Yang Biao said emperors had never lived in a minister's house. Li Xian would not listen, and Yang Biao went with the emperor. The emperor sent him and the ministers to Guo Si's camp to urge peace. Guo Si held Yang Biao, Zhang Xi, Zhu Jun, Shisun Rui, Han Rong, and others as hostages. Yang Biao said to his face that one man seizing the emperor and another taking the ministers hostage could not be allowed. Guo Si meant to kill him. Yang Biao answered that if Guo Si would not serve the emperor, he himself need not seek to live. The leader of court gentlemen Yang Mi persuaded Guo Si to stop. After the emperor returned to Luoyang, Yang Biao acted as prefect of the masters of writing.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Last years\n\nIn the first year of Jian'an (196) he followed Emperor Xian to Xu. At a banquet Cao Cao saw that his face was unhappy, pleaded illness, and returned to camp. In the ninth month Yang Biao was dismissed for illness. After Yuan Shu took the imperial title in Huainan, Cao Cao, because Yang Biao was Yuan Shu's kin, jailed him on a charge of plotting with Yuan Shu to depose the emperor. Kong Rong went to protest before he could put on court dress, saying the Yang house had four generations of pure virtue and could not be condemned for the Yuans. Man Chong, prefect of Xu, who conducted the interrogation, told Cao Cao that no proof had been beaten out of him and that killing so famous a man without proof would lose the people's hearts. Cao Cao released him. The article says he was again made minister of ceremonies in the fourth year of Jian'an, dismissed in the tenth year, and stripped of his nobility the next year. Seeing the Han about to fail, he claimed a cramp in the leg and stayed at home. After Cao Cao killed his son Yang Xiu, Cao Cao asked why he was so thin. Yang Biao said he was ashamed not to have had Jin Midi's foresight in killing his own son, and that he still had an old cow's care for its calf. Cao Cao's expression changed. After Cao Pi became emperor he wanted Yang Biao as grand commandant. Yang Biao said he had already been one of the Han three excellencies, was old and ill, and could not take office under the new dynasty. Cao Pi made him grand master of splendor and specially advanced, treated him as a guest, gave him a longevity staff and an armrest, and allowed a deer-skin cap. Yang Biao declined and came in a plain robe and leather cap. Cao Pi also set a barrier and clerks at the Yang house. Yang Biao died in the fifth year of Huangchu (225), at the age of eighty-four.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Name: Yang Biao[^wikidata]\n- Courtesy name: Wenxian[^zhwiki]\n- Dates recorded on this entry: 142–225[^wikidata]\n- Realm recorded on this entry: Cao Wei; the article calls him a minister of the late Eastern Han[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n- Occupation recorded on this entry: political figure[^wikidata]\n- Portrayal: [[person_cn_q123596396|Yang Biao]] (a character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms)", "url": "/people/yang-biao.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "birth": { "year": 142, "display": "142" }, "death": { "year": 225, "display": "225" }, "personCategory": "historical figure" }, { "id": "person_cn_q1048629", "type": "person", "title": "Fu Jia", "slug": "fu-jia", "aliases": [ "傅嘏" ], "summary": "Fu Jia (209–255), courtesy name Lanshi, of Niyang in Beidi, was a master of writing under Cao Wei. He opposed a rash attack on Wu and urged Sima Shi to lead the army against Guanqiu Jian in person. The Records say he died that year at forty-seven, with the posthumous title Marquis Yuan. The encyclopedia also records the courtesy name Zhaoxian.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q1048629", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1048629" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "傅嘏（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%82%85%E5%98%8F" }, { "id": "zhengshi", "title": "三国志·卷21（维基文库）", "url": "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%9C%8B%E5%BF%97/%E5%8D%B721" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:19:15+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 7, "body": "Fu Jia was an official of Cao Wei. Wikidata's simplified Chinese label is Fu Jia, and the English label is Fu Jia. The Records of the Three Kingdoms say his courtesy name was Lanshi and that he was from Niyang in Beidi, a descendant of Fu Jiezi. The cited encyclopedia also records the courtesy name Zhaoxian. Both accounts stand, so the title stays Fu Jia. This entry dates him from 209 to 255, records his realm as Cao Wei and the Eastern Han, records him as a political figure, and places his birthplace at [[place_cn_610204|Yaozhou District]].[^wikidata][^zhwiki][^zhengshi]\n\n## Entry into office\n\nHe was already known around the age of twenty. Chen Qun, minister of works, appointed him to his staff. When Liu Shao, cavalier attendant, proposed a law for appraising officials and the matter was sent to the three offices, Fu Jia objected. He argued that Wei, coming after Qin and Han, could not yet judge men by the ancient system, that selection already rested with the ministry of personnel, and that an appraisal set up first would not separate the worthy from the foolish. At the start of Zhengshi he became a gentleman of the masters of writing and then gentleman-attendant of the yellow gate. Cao Shuang held power, and He Yan was minister of personnel. Fu Jia told Cao Xi, Cao Shuang's brother, that He Yan looked quiet and was inwardly sharp and greedy, and that he would first mislead the brothers, drive good men away, and ruin the court. He Yan turned against him and had him dismissed over a small matter. He was then made governor of Xingyang and did not go. Sima Yi, the grand tutor, made him attendant gentleman. After Cao Shuang was killed he became governor of Henan and then a master of writing. He often thought the offices since Qin and Han differed from antiquity and wanted to correct them from the root, and he also said the imperial house had too many troubles for the change to be made. The encyclopedia adds that in his youth he refused the friendship of He Yan, Deng Yang, and Xiahou Xuan. Xun Can thought this strange. Fu Jia said the three were corrupt in conduct and that closeness would later implicate him.[^zhengshi][^zhwiki]\n\n## The debate on attacking Wu\n\nSome proposed an attack on Wu. Wang Chang, Hu Zun, and Guanqiu Jian memorialized, each with a different plan. An edict asked Fu Jia. He opposed an immediate crossing of the Yangtze. He thought the sounder course was to advance military colonies, press the enemy, and strike when a gap appeared. Sima Biao's Strategies records the reply at greater length, including seven advantages. The court did not follow him. In the eleventh month of that year Wang Chang and the others were ordered out, and in the first month of the next year Zhuge Ke smashed the Wei army at Dongguan. Zhuge Ke then announced that he would move toward Qing and Xu. Fu Jia said the sea was not a road for a light advance. When Sun Quan had sent troops to sea they were almost all lost, and Zhuge Ke would not stake his root on the flood. At most he would send a wing commander used to naval war up the Huai as a feint and bring his own mass toward Huainan. Zhuge Ke did attack Xincheng and went home without taking it.[^zhengshi]\n\n## Last years\n\nHe often discussed whether talent and nature were the same or different, and Zhong Hui collected the discussion. At the end of Jiaping he was made a marquis within the passes. When Cao Mao, the duke of Gaogui district, took the throne, Fu Jia was advanced to Marquis of Wuxiang. In the spring Guanqiu Jian and Wen Qin rebelled. Some said Sima Shi should not go himself and that the grand commandant Sima Fu could be sent. Only Fu Jia and Wang Su urged Sima Shi to go. Sima Shi went east, left Fu Jia as acting vice director of the masters of writing, and took him along. The rebels were defeated, and Fu Jia had a part in the plans. When Sima Shi died, Fu Jia and Sima Zhao returned directly to Luoyang, and Sima Zhao thus took the regency. The details are in the biography of Zhong Hui. Zhong Hui then looked pleased with himself. Fu Jia warned him that his ambition was larger than his capacity, that such merit was hard to complete, and that he must be careful. For his service Fu Jia was advanced to Marquis of Yangxiang. His fief grew by six hundred households, one thousand two hundred with what he already held. He died that year at forty-seven, was posthumously made minister of ceremonies, and was titled Marquis Yuan. His son Fu Zhi succeeded. When the five ranks were opened in the Xianxi years, Fu Zhi was re-enfeoffed as Viscount of Jingyuan because of Fu Jia's merit in the previous reign.[^zhengshi]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Name: Fu Jia[^zhengshi]\n- Courtesy name: Lanshi; the encyclopedia also records Zhaoxian[^zhengshi][^zhwiki]\n- Dates recorded on this entry: 209–255; the Records say he died that year at forty-seven[^wikidata][^zhengshi]\n- Realm recorded on this entry: Cao Wei and the Eastern Han[^wikidata]\n- Birthplace: [[place_cn_610204|Yaozhou District]][^wikidata]\n- Occupation recorded on this entry: political figure[^wikidata]\n- Posthumous title: Marquis Yuan[^zhengshi]\n- Portrayal: [[person_cn_q124628012|Fu Jia]] (a character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms)", "url": "/people/fu-jia.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "birth": { "year": 209, "display": "209" }, "death": { "year": 255, "display": "255" }, "personCategory": "historical figure" }, { "id": "person_cn_q10466408", "type": "person", "title": "Ziwei Emperor", "slug": "ziwei-emperor", "aliases": [ "紫微大帝" ], "summary": "The Ziwei Emperor, fully titled the Great Emperor of the Purple Tenuity of the North Pole in the Central Heaven, is one of the Four Sovereigns of Daoism and the second son of Doumu. Other accounts identify him with Lord Lao, Boyi Kao, or a reincarnation of Liu Bang, so the title stays. This entry lists him under Journey to the West.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-literature", "category-people", "category-fictional-characters" ], "tags": [ "tag-fictional-character", "tag-classics", "tag-four-great-classics" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q10466408", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10466408" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "紫微大帝（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B4%AB%E5%BE%AE%E5%A4%A7%E5%B8%9D" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:19:11+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 8, "body": "The Ziwei Emperor is a Daoist divine title. Wikidata names him the Ziwei Emperor. The full title is the Great Emperor of the Purple Tenuity of the North Pole in the Central Heaven. That is a ritual title, not a separate personal name. The cited article gives several origins that do not agree, so the heading stays the Ziwei Emperor. This entry lists him among the figures of Journey to the West. The encyclopedia does not narrate an episode from that novel.[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n\n## The god\n\nHe is one of the Four Sovereigns and the second son of Doumu, the star lord of the Purple Forbidden enclosure. Daoism places that enclosure at the center of the stars. He assists the Jade Emperor in charge of the stars, the sun, and the moon, and is lord of the stars. He is also a symbol of earthly emperors and especially governs the fortune of the imperial house. His four sage-lords are [[person_cn_q10022741|Marshal Tianpeng]], Marshal Tianyou, the Assisting Sage, and the Protecting Sage. In Chinese Buddhism, Chan and Tiantai temples sometimes honor him as one of the twenty-four heavenly guardians.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Accounts that do not agree\n\nOne account calls him a transformation of the Most High Lord Lao. The article quotes the Treatise on Buddhism and Daoism in the Book of Wei: the Daoist school says it comes from Laozi, who dwells above in the Jade Capital as the ancestor of divine kings and below in the Purple Tenuity as lord of flying immortals. The novels also differ. Investiture of the Gods enfeoffs Boyi Kao, killed while trying to save his father King Wen of Zhou, as the Ziwei Emperor. Annals of the Sword of the Peak has Sun Bin, in order to break the Hundun formation, summon Liu Bang, then a standard-bearer of the state of Han and said to be a reincarnation of the Ziwei Emperor of the North Pole. These accounts do not yield one personal name.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Divine title: Ziwei Emperor[^wikidata]\n- Full title: Great Emperor of the Purple Tenuity of the North Pole in the Central Heaven[^zhwiki]\n- Description: one of the Four Sovereigns of Daoism[^wikidata]\n- Listed on this entry under: [[work_cn_q70784|Journey to the West]]", "url": "/people/ziwei-emperor.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "disambiguation": "Character in Journey to the West", "isFictional": true, "personCategory": "mythological figure" }, { "id": "person_cn_q1046433", "type": "person", "title": "Lü Weihuang", "slug": "lu-weihuang", "aliases": [ "吕威璜" ], "summary": "Lü Weihuang (died 200) was an officer of Yuan Shao at the end of the Eastern Han and a cavalry commander. At Guandu he and Chunyu Qiong escorted the grain. When Cao Cao burned Wuchao, Lü Weihuang was killed.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q1046433", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1046433" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "吕威璜（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%91%82%E5%A8%81%E7%92%9C" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:19:10+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 7, "body": "Lü Weihuang was an officer of Yuan Shao at the end of the Eastern Han. Wikidata's simplified Chinese label is Lü Weihuang, and the English label is Lü Weihuang, so the title stays the personal name. He was a cavalry commander in the army. This entry dates his death to 200 and records his realm as China.[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n\n## Wuchao\n\nIn the battle of Guandu in 200, he and Chunyu Qiong were charged with escorting the grain. Cao Cao sent men to burn the granary at Wuchao, and Lü Weihuang was killed.[^zhwiki]\n\n## The novel\n\nChapter 30 of Romance of the Three Kingdoms says Chunyu Qiong supervised Sui Yuanjin, Han Juzi, Lü Weihuang, Zhao Rui, and others in guarding the granary, and that they failed in the guard. Lü Weihuang and the other commanders were killed by Cao Cao's raiders at Wuchao. The portrayal is [[person_cn_q124034359|Lü Weihuang]].[^zhwiki]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Name: Lü Weihuang[^wikidata]\n- Death year recorded on this entry: 200[^wikidata]\n- Realm recorded on this entry: China[^wikidata]\n- Portrayal: [[person_cn_q124034359|Lü Weihuang]] (a character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms)", "url": "/people/lu-weihuang.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "death": { "year": 200, "display": "200" }, "personCategory": "historical figure" }, { "id": "person_cn_q1046427", "type": "person", "title": "Yuan Yi", "slug": "yuan-yi", "aliases": [ "袁遗" ], "summary": "Yuan Yi (died 192 in this entry), courtesy name Boye, was a cousin of Yuan Shao and Yuan Shu. He served as prefect of Chang'an, governor of Shanyang, and inspector of Yang province. After Yuan Shu defeated him, his own men killed him as he fled toward Pei. The article marks 192 with a question mark.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q1046427", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1046427" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "袁遗（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A2%81%E9%81%BA" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:19:09+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 7, "body": "Yuan Yi was an official at the end of the Eastern Han. Wikidata's simplified Chinese label is Yuan Yi, and the English label is Yuan Yi. The cited article gives his courtesy name as Boye. The courtesy name does not replace the title. He was a cousin of Yuan Shao and Yuan Shu. His mother was of the He family and was He Kui's cousin-aunt. This entry dates his death to 192, records his realm as China and his occupation as a political figure, and places his birthplace at [[place_cn_411623|Shangshui County]]. The article writes the death year as 192 with a question mark.[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n\n## Career\n\nZhang Chao of Hejian recommended him to the grand commandant Zhu Jun, praising his capacity, honesty, and learning, and saying that he had read widely, could compose fu, and could name what he saw. Yuan Yi served as prefect of Chang'an, governor of Shanyang, and inspector of Yang province. Yuan Shu defeated him at the end. While he was fleeing toward Pei, his own subordinates betrayed and killed him. Cao Cao said that, of men who could still study hard after they had grown, there were only himself and Yuan Boye.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Name: Yuan Yi[^wikidata]\n- Courtesy name: Boye[^zhwiki]\n- Death year recorded on this entry: 192; the article writes 192 with a question mark[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n- Realm recorded on this entry: China[^wikidata]\n- Birthplace: [[place_cn_411623|Shangshui County]][^wikidata]\n- Occupation recorded on this entry: political figure[^wikidata]\n- Portrayal: [[person_cn_q123644342|Yuan Yi]] (a character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms)", "url": "/people/yuan-yi.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "death": { "year": 192, "display": "192" }, "personCategory": "historical figure" }, { "id": "person_cn_q1046487", "type": "person", "title": "Shi Jin", "slug": "shi-jin", "aliases": [ "史进" ], "summary": "Shi Jin, in Water Margin, is the young master of Shi manor in Huayin county. His nickname is Nine Dragons and his star name is Tianweixing. He ranks twenty-third on Liangshan. He studied under Wang Jin. After the amnesty, in the Fang La campaign, he died at Yuling Pass in Muzhou under Pang Wanchun's arrow.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-literature", "category-people", "category-fictional-characters" ], "tags": [ "tag-fictional-character", "tag-classics", "tag-four-great-classics" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q1046487", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1046487" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "史进（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%B2%E8%BF%9B" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:19:09+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 7, "body": "Shi Jin is a character in the novel Water Margin. Wikidata names him Shi Jin. The same materials also give the nickname Nine Dragons, the star name Tianweixing, and the other form Shi Dalang. None of those replaces the title. This entry calls him a Water Margin figure, sets the story in the Great Song, and records his birthplace as Huayin county. He is the first of the hundred and eight to appear.[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n\n## Shi manor\n\nHe is the son of Shi Taigong of Shi manor in Huayin county. Nine dragons are tattooed on his body, so he is called Nine Dragons, and his favorite weapon is a three-point, two-edge knife. His father hired many teachers. Li Zhong, the tiger-slaying general of Liangshan, was one of the early ones. Wang Jin, an instructor of the eight hundred thousand imperial guards at the eastern capital, offended Gao Qiu and fled the capital with his mother. He lodged at Shi manor, pointed out the gaps in Shi Jin's skill, and beat him easily in a bout. Shi Jin then took Wang Jin as his teacher. After several months Wang Jin said the teaching was complete. He would not involve the Shi family in his quarrel with Gao Qiu, and he left.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Shaohua Mountain\n\nChen Da, a chief of Shaohua Mountain, attacked Shi manor and was captured. His sworn brothers Zhu Wu and Yang Chun came to plead. Shi Jin released Chen Da, and the four became friends. A messenger later got drunk on the mountain path. The hunter Li Ji stole the reply and reported Shi Jin to the authorities for dealing with bandits. The troops sent to seize him were beaten off by Shi Jin and the manor men he had trained. After the officers were killed he left to find Wang Jin and could not. On the road he met Lu Zhishen and also Li Zhong, who was performing in the street. With Lu Zhishen he defeated Cui Daocheng and Qiu Xiaoyi, bandits pretending to be monks. After they parted, Shi Jin went back to Shaohua Mountain and became an outlaw.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Joining Liangshan\n\nWhen he heard that Wang Yi's daughter had been taken by force in marriage, he tried to save her and was captured alive. Lu Zhishen, newly arrived on Liangshan, went to rescue him and was captured too. Song Jiang disguised himself as Marshal Su and brought Lu Zhishen, Shi Jin, and Wang Yi out. Wang Yi's daughter had already killed herself. Shi Jin then took the Shaohua men up to Liangshan. At the attack on Dongping, because his old lover, the famous courtesan Li Ruilan, was in the city, he volunteered to enter as a spy and told her the whole plan. Afraid of the trouble, she informed the officials and he was arrested. He was beaten and did not confess. After Liangshan took the city and freed him, he killed Li Ruilan's whole household. When the seats were ranked he was Tianweixing, Nine Dragons, number twenty-three, immediately after Li Kui.[^zhwiki]\n\n## The end, and earlier lists\n\nAfter the amnesty he followed Song Jiang against Liao, Tian Hu, and Wang Qing. He fought Tian Hu's general Bian Xiang for thirty bouts without a winner. In the southern campaign against Fang La he took Runzhou and cut down Shen Gang, called the Pillar of Heaven, with one blow. At Yuling Pass in Muzhou he died under an arrow of Pang Wanchun, called the Little Yang Youji. Pang Wanchun was later captured, and his belly was opened and his heart taken out as a sacrifice to Shi Jin and six other generals. In earlier lists, Gong Kai's Eulogies of Song Jiang's Thirty-Six ranks him seventeenth, still as Nine Dragons, and the Anecdotes of the Xuanhe Reign ranks him fifth of the thirty-six. The article also says one account takes his model to be Shi Bin, a Shaanxi rebel of the early Southern Song who had once served under Song Jiang. The article lists screen performers. Those names are not copied out here.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Name: Shi Jin[^wikidata]\n- Nickname: Nine Dragons[^zhwiki]\n- Star name: Tianweixing[^wikidata]\n- Another form of address: Shi Dalang[^wikidata]\n- Birthplace recorded on this entry: Huayin county[^wikidata]\n- Setting recorded on this entry: Great Song[^wikidata]\n- Appears in: [[work_cn_q70827|Water Margin]][^zhwiki]", "url": "/people/shi-jin.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "disambiguation": "Character in Water Margin", "isFictional": true, "personCategory": "literary character" }, { "id": "person_cn_q858809", "type": "person", "title": "Guanqiu Dian", "slug": "guanqiu-dian", "aliases": [ "毌丘甸" ], "summary": "Guanqiu Dian (? – 255), Official of Cao Wei who rebelled.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q858809", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q858809" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "毌丘甸（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AF%8C%E4%B8%98%E7%94%B8" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:19:01+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 5, "body": "## Basic facts\n\n- Died: 255[^wikidata]\n\n## Portrayals\n\n- [[person_cn_q124638754|Guanqiu Dian]] (character in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms)", "url": "/people/guanqiu-dian.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "death": { "year": 255, "display": "255" }, "personCategory": "historical figure" }, { "id": "person_cn_q9753", "type": "person", "title": "Emperor Daizong of Tang", "slug": "emperor-daizong-tang", "aliases": [ "唐代宗" ], "summary": "Emperor Daizong of Tang (727 – 779), emperor of the Tang Dynasty.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q9753", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9753" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "唐代宗（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%94%90%E4%BB%A3%E5%AE%97" }, { "id": "zhengshi", "title": "新唐书/卷006（维基文库）", "url": "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%94%90%E6%9B%B8/%E5%8D%B7006" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:18:59+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 6, "body": "## Official history\n\nBiography in 新唐书/卷006[^zhengshi].\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Born: 727[^wikidata]\n- Died: 779[^wikidata]\n- Birthplace: [[place_luoyang|Luoyang]][^wikidata]", "url": "/people/emperor-daizong-tang.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "birth": { "year": 727, "display": "727" }, "death": { "year": 779, "display": "779" }, "personCategory": "historical figure" }, { "id": "person_cn_q855614", "type": "person", "title": "Duan Wei", "slug": "duan-wei", "aliases": [ "段煨" ], "summary": "Duan Wei (? – 209), a figure in Chinese history.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q855614", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q855614" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "段煨（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AE%B5%E7%85%A8" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:18:54+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 5, "body": "## Basic facts\n\n- Died: 209[^wikidata]\n\n## Portrayals\n\n- [[person_cn_q123751973|Duan Wei]] (character in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms)", "url": "/people/duan-wei.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "death": { "year": 209, "display": "209" }, "personCategory": "historical figure" }, { "id": "person_cn_q953807", "type": "person", "title": "Dong Cheng", "slug": "dong-cheng", "aliases": [ "董承" ], "summary": "Dong Cheng (? – 200), Chinese Eastern Han general (died 200).", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q953807", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q953807" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "董承（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%91%A3%E6%89%BF" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:18:54+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 6, "body": "## Basic facts\n\n- Died: 200[^wikidata]\n\n## Portrayals\n\n- [[person_cn_q123752045|Dong Cheng]] (character in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms)", "url": "/people/dong-cheng.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "death": { "year": 200, "display": "200" }, "personCategory": "historical figure" }, { "id": "person_cn_q953834", "type": "person", "title": "Gongsun Kang", "slug": "gongsun-kang", "aliases": [ "公孙康" ], "summary": "Gongsun Kang (? – 221), 3rd century Eastern Han dynasty warlord.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q953834", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q953834" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "公孙康（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E5%AD%AB%E5%BA%B7" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:18:53+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 6, "body": "## Basic facts\n\n- Died: 221[^wikidata]\n\n## Portrayals\n\n- [[person_cn_q124057225|Gongsun Kang]] (character in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms)", "url": "/people/gongsun-kang.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "death": { "year": 221, "display": "221" }, "personCategory": "historical figure" }, { "id": "person_cn_q855037", "type": "person", "title": "Yuan Wei", "slug": "yuan-wei", "aliases": [ "袁隗" ], "summary": "Yuan Wei (? – 190), Eastern Han Dynasty person CBDB = 135420.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q855037", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q855037" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "袁隗（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A2%81%E9%9A%97" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:18:52+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 6, "body": "## Basic facts\n\n- Died: 190[^wikidata]\n\n## Portrayals\n\n- [[person_cn_q123586945|Yuan Wei]] (character in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms)", "url": "/people/yuan-wei.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "death": { "year": 190, "display": "190" }, "personCategory": "historical figure" }, { "id": "person_cn_q847636", "type": "person", "title": "Sun Xiu", "slug": "sun-xiu", "aliases": [ "孙秀" ], "summary": "Sun Xiu (? – 302), a figure in Chinese history.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q847636", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q847636" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "孙秀 (东吴)（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AD%99%E7%A7%80_(%E4%B8%9C%E5%90%B4)" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:18:49+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 5, "body": "## Basic facts\n\n- Died: 302[^wikidata]\n\n## Portrayals\n\n- [[person_cn_q124738637|Sun Xiu]] (character in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms)", "url": "/people/sun-xiu.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "death": { "year": 302, "display": "302" }, "personCategory": "historical figure" }, { "id": "person_cn_q845107", "type": "person", "title": "Wan Yu", "slug": "wan-yu", "aliases": [ "万彧" ], "summary": "Wan Yu (? – 273), Chinese Eastern Wu state official (died 272).", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q845107", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q845107" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "万彧（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%90%AC%E5%BD%A7" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:18:47+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 5, "body": "## Basic facts\n\n- Died: 273[^wikidata]\n\n## Portrayals\n\n- [[person_cn_q124735571|Wan Yu]] (character in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms)", "url": "/people/wan-yu.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "death": { "year": 273, "display": "273" }, "personCategory": "historical figure" }, { "id": "person_cn_q953232", "type": "person", "title": "Yuan Xi", "slug": "yuan-xi", "aliases": [ "袁熙" ], "summary": "Yuan Xi (176 – 207), Chinese warlord Yuan Shao's second son (died 207).", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q953232", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q953232" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "袁熙（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A2%81%E7%86%99" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:18:47+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 5, "body": "## Basic facts\n\n- Born: 176[^wikidata]\n- Died: 207[^wikidata]\n\n## Portrayals\n\n- [[person_cn_q124041436|Yuan Xi]] (character in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms)", "url": "/people/yuan-xi.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "birth": { "year": 176, "display": "176" }, "death": { "year": 207, "display": "207" }, "personCategory": "historical figure" }, { "id": "person_cn_q911447", "type": "person", "title": "Han Zhong", "slug": "han-zhong", "aliases": [ "韩忠" ], "summary": "Han Zhong (? – 184), Rebel general in Yellow Turban uprising.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q911447", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q911447" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "韩忠 (黄巾军)（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9F%A9%E5%BF%A0_(%E9%BB%84%E5%B7%BE%E5%86%9B)" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:18:46+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 6, "body": "## Basic facts\n\n- Died: 184[^wikidata]\n\n## Portrayals\n\n- [[person_cn_q123584279|Han Zhong]] (character in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms)", "url": "/people/han-zhong.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "death": { "year": 184, "display": "184" }, "personCategory": "historical figure" }, { "id": "person_cn_q834579", "type": "person", "title": "Kong Shangren", "slug": "kong-shangren", "aliases": [ "孔尚任" ], "summary": "Kong Shangren (1648 – 1718), Chinese writer.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q834579", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q834579" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "孔尚任（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AD%94%E5%B0%9A%E4%BB%BB" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:18:44+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 6, "body": "## Basic facts\n\n- Born: 1648[^wikidata]\n- Died: 1718[^wikidata]\n- Birthplace: [[place_cn_370881|Qufu]][^wikidata]\n\n## Works\n\n- [[work_cn_q5359575|The Peach Blossom Fan]][^wikidata]", "url": "/people/kong-shangren.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "birth": { "year": 1648, "display": "1648" }, "death": { "year": 1718, "display": "1718" }, "personCategory": "historical figure" }, { "id": "person_cn_q832785", "type": "person", "title": "Lanling Xiaoxiao Sheng", "slug": "lanling-xiaoxiao-sheng", "aliases": [ "兰陵笑笑生" ], "summary": "Lanling Xiaoxiao Sheng (1530 – 1600), pseudonym of the author of Jin Ping Mei.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q832785", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q832785" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "兰陵笑笑生（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%B0%E9%99%B5%E7%AC%91%E7%AC%91%E7%94%9F" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:18:43+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 5, "body": "## Basic facts\n\n- Born: 1530[^wikidata]\n- Died: 1600[^wikidata]\n\n## Works\n\n- [[work_cn_q753535|Jin Ping Mei]][^wikidata]", "url": "/people/lanling-xiaoxiao-sheng.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "birth": { "year": 1530, "display": "1530" }, "death": { "year": 1600, "display": "1600" }, "personCategory": "historical figure" }, { "id": "person_cn_q911256", "type": "person", "title": "Li Kan", "slug": "li-kan", "aliases": [ "李堪" ], "summary": "Li Kan (? – 211), officer killed in the Battle of Tong Pass.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q911256", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q911256" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "李堪 (东汉)（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E5%A0%AA_(%E4%B8%9C%E6%B1%89)" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:18:43+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 6, "body": "## Basic facts\n\n- Died: 211[^wikidata]\n\n## Portrayals\n\n- [[person_cn_q124328435|Li Kan]] (character in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms)", "url": "/people/li-kan.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "death": { "year": 211, "display": "211" }, "personCategory": "historical figure" }, { "id": "person_cn_q9994", "type": "person", "title": "Hongzhi Emperor", "slug": "hongzhi-emperor", "aliases": [ "明孝宗" ], "summary": "Hongzhi Emperor (1470 – 1505), 10th emperor of the Ming Dynasty (1470–1505).", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q9994", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9994" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "明孝宗（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E5%AD%9D%E5%AE%97" }, { "id": "zhengshi", "title": "明史卷十五（维基文库）", "url": "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E5%8F%B2/%E5%8D%B715" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:18:39+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 6, "body": "## Official history\n\nBiography in 明史卷十五[^zhengshi].\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Born: 1470[^wikidata]\n- Died: 1505[^wikidata]\n- Birthplace: [[place_beijing|Beijing]][^wikidata]", "url": "/people/hongzhi-emperor.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "birth": { "year": 1470, "display": "1470" }, "death": { "year": 1505, "display": "1505" }, "personCategory": "historical figure" }, { "id": "person_cn_q8059961", "type": "person", "title": "Yu Quan", "slug": "yu-quan", "aliases": [ "于诠" ], "summary": "Yu Quan (? – 258), military general of Eastern Wu during the Three Kingdoms period of Chinese history.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q8059961", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8059961" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "于诠（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%8E%E8%AF%A0" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:18:38+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 5, "body": "## Basic facts\n\n- Died: 258[^wikidata]\n\n## Portrayals\n\n- [[person_cn_q124653830|Yu Quan]] (character in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms)", "url": "/people/yu-quan.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "death": { "year": 258, "display": "258" }, "personCategory": "historical figure" }, { "id": "person_cn_q9073854", "type": "person", "title": "Yang Chunxia", "slug": "yang-chunxia", "aliases": [ "杨春霞" ], "summary": "Yang Chunxia (1943 – ?), Chinese actress.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q9073854", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9073854" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "杨春霞（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A5%8A%E6%98%A5%E9%9C%9E" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:18:38+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 5, "body": "## Basic facts\n\n- Born: 1943[^wikidata]\n\n## Portrayals\n\n- [[person_cnv_q9073854_q70784|Yang Chunxia]] (character in Journey to the West)", "url": "/people/yang-chunxia.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "birth": { "year": 1943, "display": "1943" }, "personCategory": "historical figure" }, { "id": "person_cn_q910840", "type": "person", "title": "Guan Hai", "slug": "guan-hai", "aliases": [ "管亥" ], "summary": "Guan Hai (? – 193), Chinese rebel.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q910840", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q910840" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "管亥（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AE%A1%E4%BA%A5" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:18:38+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 5, "body": "## Basic facts\n\n- Died: 193[^wikidata]\n\n## Portrayals\n\n- [[person_cn_q123733824|Guan Hai]] (character in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms)", "url": "/people/guan-hai.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "death": { "year": 193, "display": "193" }, "personCategory": "historical figure" }, { "id": "person_cn_q875383", "type": "person", "title": "Quan Shang", "slug": "quan-shang", "aliases": [ "全尚" ], "summary": "Quan Shang (? – 258), politician.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q875383", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875383" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "全尚（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E5%B0%9A" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:18:32+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 5, "body": "## Basic facts\n\n- Died: 258[^wikidata]\n\n## Portrayals\n\n- [[person_cn_q124661836|Quan Shang]] (character in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms)", "url": "/people/quan-shang.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "death": { "year": 258, "display": "258" }, "personCategory": "historical figure" }, { "id": "person_cn_q9983", "type": "person", "title": "Zhengtong Emperor", "slug": "zhengtong-emperor", "aliases": [ "明英宗" ], "summary": "Zhengtong Emperor (1427 – 1464), emperor of the Ming Dynasty.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q9983", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9983" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "明英宗（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E8%8B%B1%E5%AE%97" }, { "id": "zhengshi", "title": "明史卷十（维基文库）", "url": "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E5%8F%B2/%E5%8D%B710" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:18:32+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 6, "body": "## Official history\n\nBiography in 明史卷十[^zhengshi].\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Born: 1427[^wikidata]\n- Died: 1464[^wikidata]\n- Birthplace: [[place_beijing|Beijing]][^wikidata]", "url": "/people/zhengtong-emperor.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "birth": { "year": 1427, "display": "1427" }, "death": { "year": 1464, "display": "1464" }, "personCategory": "historical figure" }, { "id": "person_cn_q9988", "type": "person", "title": "Jingtai Emperor", "slug": "jingtai-emperor", "aliases": [ "景泰帝" ], "summary": "Jingtai Emperor (1428 – 1457), emperor of the Ming Dynasty.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q9988", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9988" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "景泰帝（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%99%AF%E6%B3%B0%E5%B8%9D" }, { "id": "zhengshi", "title": "明史卷十一（维基文库）", "url": "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E5%8F%B2/%E5%8D%B711" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:18:31+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 6, "body": "## Official history\n\nBiography in 明史卷十一[^zhengshi].\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Born: 1428[^wikidata]\n- Died: 1457[^wikidata]\n- Birthplace: [[place_beijing|Beijing]][^wikidata]", "url": "/people/jingtai-emperor.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "birth": { "year": 1428, "display": "1428" }, "death": { "year": 1457, "display": "1457" }, "personCategory": "historical figure" }, { "id": "person_cn_q902466", "type": "person", "title": "Feng Xu", "slug": "feng-xu", "aliases": [ "封谞" ], "summary": "Feng Xu, eunuch who served Emperor Ling of Han.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q902466", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902466" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "封谞（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B0%81%E8%AB%9D" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:18:28+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 6, "body": "## Portrayals\n\n- [[person_cn_q123576156|Feng Xu]] (character in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms)", "url": "/people/feng-xu.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "personCategory": "historical figure" }, { "id": "person_cn_q9961", "type": "person", "title": "Jianwen Emperor", "slug": "jianwen-emperor", "aliases": [ "建文帝" ], "summary": "Jianwen Emperor (1377 – 1402), emperor of China from 1398 to 1402.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q9961", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9961" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "建文帝（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BB%BA%E6%96%87%E5%B8%9D" }, { "id": "zhengshi", "title": "明史卷四（维基文库）", "url": "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E5%8F%B2/%E5%8D%B74" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:18:24+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 6, "body": "## Official history\n\nBiography in 明史卷四[^zhengshi].\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Born: 1377[^wikidata]\n- Died: 1402[^wikidata]\n- Birthplace: [[place_nanjing|Nanjing]][^wikidata]", "url": "/people/jianwen-emperor.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "birth": { "year": 1377, "display": "1377" }, "death": { "year": 1402, "display": "1402" }, "personCategory": "historical figure" }, { "id": "person_cn_q9977", "type": "person", "title": "Xuande Emperor", "slug": "xuande-emperor", "aliases": [ "明宣宗" ], "summary": "Xuande Emperor (1399 – 1435), emperor of the Ming Dynasty (1399-1435).", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q9977", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9977" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "明宣宗（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E5%AE%A3%E5%AE%97" }, { "id": "zhengshi", "title": "明史卷九（维基文库）", "url": "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E5%8F%B2/%E5%8D%B79" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:18:24+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 6, "body": "## Official history\n\nBiography in 明史卷九[^zhengshi].\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Born: 1399[^wikidata]\n- Died: 1435[^wikidata]\n- Birthplace: [[place_beijing|Beijing]][^wikidata]", "url": "/people/xuande-emperor.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "birth": { "year": 1399, "display": "1399" }, "death": { "year": 1435, "display": "1435" }, "personCategory": "historical figure" }, { "id": "person_cn_q9972", "type": "person", "title": "Hongxi Emperor", "slug": "hongxi-emperor", "aliases": [ "明仁宗" ], "summary": "Hongxi Emperor (1378 – 1425), emperor of the Ming Dynasty from 1424 to 1425.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q9972", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9972" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "明仁宗（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E4%BB%81%E5%AE%97" }, { "id": "zhengshi", "title": "明史卷八（维基文库）", "url": "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E5%8F%B2/%E5%8D%B78" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:18:23+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 6, "body": "## Official history\n\nBiography in 明史卷八[^zhengshi].\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Born: 1378[^wikidata]\n- Died: 1425[^wikidata]\n- Birthplace: [[place_beijing|Beijing]][^wikidata]", "url": "/people/hongxi-emperor.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "birth": { "year": 1378, "display": "1378" }, "death": { "year": 1425, "display": "1425" }, "personCategory": "historical figure" }, { "id": "person_cn_q10350634", "type": "person", "title": "Liu Xianglian", "slug": "liu-xianglian", "aliases": [ "柳湘莲" ], "summary": "Liu Xianglian is a young man of a hereditary family in Dream of the Red Chamber, nicknamed the Cold Gentleman and a friend of Jia Baoyu. He agreed to marry You Sanjie, broke it off after a rumor, and left with a Daoist after she killed herself.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-literature", "category-people", "category-fictional-characters" ], "tags": [ "tag-fictional-character", "tag-classics", "tag-four-great-classics" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q10350634", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10350634" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "柳湘莲（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9F%B3%E6%B9%98%E8%8E%B2" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:18:17+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 7, "body": "Liu Xianglian is a character in Dream of the Red Chamber. Wikidata uses Liu Xianglian as his name. Cold Gentleman and Second Master Liu are nicknames, so the title stays Liu Xianglian.[^wikidata]\n\n## In the novel\n\nThe cited Chinese Wikipedia says he comes from a hereditary family, lost his parents early, and did not finish his studies. He is handsome and fond of acting, especially the romantic young-male and female roles, and is often mistaken for a professional actor. His nickname is the Cold Gentleman. He is Jia Baoyu's friend and the husband You Sanjie chose for herself. Xue Pan once pressed him with advances and Liu beat him badly. Later, on the road at Ping'an, Liu rescued Xue Pan from bandits. After Jia Lian proposed the match, Liu agreed to marry You Sanjie and gave the mandarin-duck swords as a betrothal gift. He then asked Baoyu about her character, regretted the engagement, and wanted the swords back. You Sanjie killed herself. Liu afterwards followed a Daoist and disappeared. Xue Baoqin's verse contains the line about being beside the willow rather than the plum, and the redologist Zhou Ruchang took that to mean Baoqin and Liu Xianglian eventually marry.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Name: Liu Xianglian[^wikidata]\n- Description: a character in Dream of the Red Chamber[^wikidata]\n- Occupation recorded on this entry: amateur actor[^wikidata]\n- Appears in: [[work_cn_q8265|Dream of the Red Chamber]]", "url": "/people/liu-xianglian.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "disambiguation": "Character in Dream of the Red Chamber", "isFictional": true, "personCategory": "literary character" }, { "id": "person_cn_q10423836", "type": "person", "title": "Zhen Baoyu", "slug": "zhen-baoyu", "aliases": [ "甄宝玉" ], "summary": "Zhen Baoyu, in Dream of the Red Chamber, is the son of Zhen Yingjia. He shares Jia Baoyu's name and is one year younger. He does not appear in the first eighty chapters. The cited article also says he later turned to an official career and parted from Jia Baoyu on bad terms.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-literature", "category-people", "category-fictional-characters" ], "tags": [ "tag-fictional-character", "tag-classics", "tag-four-great-classics" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q10423836", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10423836" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "甄宝玉（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%94%84%E5%AE%9D%E7%8E%89" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:18:14+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 7, "body": "Zhen Baoyu is a character in the novel Dream of the Red Chamber. Wikidata names him Zhen Baoyu, so the title stays that personal name.[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n\n## Family\n\nHe is the son of Zhen Yingjia, president of the Tiren yuan in Jinling province. He has the same given name as Jia Baoyu, looks and temperament much like him, and is one year younger. The surnames Zhen and Jia are used to set the true against the false. The Zhen house is as eminent as the Jia house: its ancestors received the imperial visit four times, and the two families are both old kin and hereditary friends.[^zhwiki]\n\n## What the first eighty chapters say\n\nIn the first eighty chapters Zhen Baoyu never comes on stage. People in the Jia house only talk about him. They say he was unruly as a child and skipped school every day, and that he would study only with two girls beside him. He held the word daughter to be the most honored and the most pure, rarer than auspicious beasts or rare plants. When his father beat him past endurance he cried out sister at random. Jia Baoyu met him in a dream and kept expecting him. When Zhen Baoyu was four, Jia Yucun came as the family tutor and resigned because he could not bear the grandmother's spoiling. The article says the same Jia Yucun also began Lin Daiyu's lessons. At fourteen the Zhen house was raided, and Zhen Baoyu, like Jia Baoyu, dreamed of the Land of Illusion. The article lists these mentions of the Zhen family in the first eighty chapters: Jia Yucun speaks of the Jiangnan Zhen house while Leng Zixing describes the Rongguo house; Xifeng reports a gift from the Zhen house; Nanny Zhao tells of four imperial receptions; the Zhen house comes to the capital to pay respects and the Zhen lady is received; five hundred taels of funeral silver arrive after Jia Jing's death; a screen arrives for the Lady Dowager's birthday; during the search of the garden Tanchun says the household was discussing the raid on the Zhen house that morning; Madam You reads in the gazette that the Zhen house is guilty; Lady Wang tells the Lady Dowager of the confiscation and the summons to the capital for punishment.[^zhwiki]\n\n## The later account in the article\n\nThe article says that after waking he put away his childhood mischief, set his mind on rank, and studied in earnest. At eighteen he met Jia Baoyu. Jia Baoyu thought him bent on office, a parasite of salary, and they parted on bad terms. Zhen Baoyu later passed the provincial examination. When he heard from Jia Lan that Jia Baoyu had wandered off in a daze, he sighed and tried to comfort the family. In the tenth month Jia Baoyu took leave of Jia Zheng and returned to the Green Ridge Peak. Zhen Baoyu stayed in the ordinary world, married Li Qi, a cousin of Li Wan, and meant to restore the house through the examinations.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Name: Zhen Baoyu[^wikidata]\n- Description: a character in Dream of the Red Chamber[^wikidata]\n- Appears in: [[work_cn_q8265|Dream of the Red Chamber]][^zhwiki]", "url": "/people/zhen-baoyu.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "disambiguation": "Character in Dream of the Red Chamber", "isFictional": true, "personCategory": "literary character" }, { "id": "person_cn_q1039216", "type": "person", "title": "Xiahou Xuan", "slug": "xiahou-xuan", "aliases": [ "夏侯玄" ], "summary": "Xiahou Xuan (209–254), courtesy name Taichu, was a leading Cao Wei official and the son of Xiahou Shang. In 254 he was executed after Li Feng's plot to make him regent, and he did not change color at the execution.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q1039216", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1039216" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "夏侯玄（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%8F%E4%BE%AF%E7%8E%84" }, { "id": "zhengshi", "title": "三国志·卷09（维基文库）", "url": "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%9C%8B%E5%BF%97/%E5%8D%B709" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:18:12+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 7, "body": "Xiahou Xuan was a leading official of Cao Wei. Wikidata uses Xiahou Xuan as his name. The Records of the Three Kingdoms say his courtesy name was Taichu and that he was the son of Xiahou Shang, so the title stays the personal name. This entry records his life as 209 to 254.[^wikidata][^zhengshi]\n\n## Early career\n\nHe was famous young and, just after capping, became a mounted gentleman attendant of the yellow gate. Once, at an audience, he was seated with Mao Zeng, the empress's brother. He felt ashamed and did not hide it. Emperor Ming resented this and demoted him to supervisor of the feathered forest. At the start of Zhengshi, Cao Shuang held the regency. Xiahou Xuan was the son of Cao Shuang's paternal aunt and rose to mounted attendant and capital guard. He sent the grand tutor Sima Yi three discussions of the time: separating selection of officials from local reputation and from the secretariat's assessment, simplifying local posts and inspection, and reforming dress so as to check luxury. Sima Yi replied that the proposals were excellent but hard to impose on settled habit, and should wait for an able man. Xiahou Xuan wrote back that the moment to change was not a moment to wait.[^zhengshi]\n\n## The western command and the fall\n\nHe was soon made general who campaigns in the west, with credentials to supervise military affairs in Yong and Liang provinces. With Cao Shuang he launched the campaign through Luogu, and contemporaries mocked it. After Cao Shuang was killed, Xiahou Xuan was summoned as grand herald and, some years later, moved to the ministry of ceremonies. He was unhappy at the suppression of Cao Shuang's party. Li Feng, director of the secretariat, outwardly close to Sima Shi, privately joined the empress's father Zhang Ji and planned to make Xiahou Xuan regent. In the second month of the sixth year of Jiaping they meant to kill the general-in-chief when a noble lady was received and the palace gates were under restricted troops, and to put Xiahou Xuan in his place. Sima Shi heard something of the plot, summoned Li Feng, and killed him when he came unaware. Xiahou Xuan, Zhang Ji, Su Shuo, Yue Dun and Liu Xian were sent to the commandant of justice.[^zhengshi]\n\n## Execution\n\nThe Records say his capacity was broad. When he was taken to the eastern market for execution his color did not change and his movements stayed composed. He was forty-six. In the Zhengyuan era the heirs of meritorious officials were restored, and Xiahou Ben, a junior descendant of Xiahou Shang, was made Marquis of Changling so as to continue Xiahou Shang's sacrifices.[^zhengshi]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Name: Xiahou Xuan[^zhengshi]\n- Courtesy name: Taichu[^zhengshi]\n- Dates recorded on this entry: 209–254[^wikidata]\n- Realm: Cao Wei[^wikidata]\n- Occupation recorded on this entry: political figure[^wikidata]\n- Portrayal: [[person_cn_q124635133|Xiahou Xuan]] (a character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms)", "url": "/people/xiahou-xuan.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "birth": { "year": 209, "display": "209" }, "death": { "year": 254, "display": "254" }, "personCategory": "historical figure" }, { "id": "person_cn_q1041894", "type": "person", "title": "Yan Gang", "slug": "yan-gang", "aliases": [ "严纲" ], "summary": "Yan Gang (died 192) was an officer of Gongsun Zan at the end of the Eastern Han and was made inspector of Ji province. At the battle of Jieqiao he led the cavalry vanguard and was killed by Qu Yi on Yuan Shao's side.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q1041894", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1041894" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "严纲（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9A%B4%E7%B6%B1" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:18:11+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 7, "body": "Yan Gang was a commander at the end of the Eastern Han. Wikidata's simplified Chinese label is Yan Gang, and the English label is Yan Gang, so the title stays the personal name. He served Gongsun Zan and was made inspector of Ji province. This entry dates his death to 192 and records his realm as China.[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n\n## Jieqiao\n\nAt the battle of Jieqiao he led a picked cavalry vanguard. Yuan Shao sent Qu Yi forward with eight hundred picked men and, according to the article, a thousand strong crossbows on the two flanks. Gongsun Zan thought the enemy few and ordered a cavalry charge. Qu Yi's men covered themselves with shields and did not move. When the lines were less than a dozen paces apart, the crossbows fired together and Gongsun Zan's army broke. Qu Yi killed Yan Gang, and Qu Yi's men cut down more than a thousand others.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Name: Yan Gang[^wikidata]\n- Death year recorded on this entry: 192[^wikidata]\n- Realm: this entry says China; the article places him under Gongsun Zan at the end of the Eastern Han[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n- Portrayal: [[person_cn_q123679934|Yan Gang]] (a character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms)", "url": "/people/yan-gang.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "death": { "year": 192, "display": "192" }, "personCategory": "historical figure" }, { "id": "person_cn_q1041556", "type": "person", "title": "Xiahou Jie", "slug": "xiahou-jie", "aliases": [ "夏侯杰" ], "summary": "Xiahou Jie is a commander beside Cao Cao in Romance of the Three Kingdoms. In chapter 42, at Changban, Zhang Fei's roar frightens him off his horse and he dies. This entry dates his death to 208. Some Ming editions write the name as Xiahou Ba.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-literature", "category-people", "category-fictional-characters" ], "tags": [ "tag-fictional-character", "tag-classics", "tag-four-great-classics" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q1041556", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1041556" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "夏侯杰（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%8F%E4%BE%AF%E6%9D%B0" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:18:09+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 7, "body": "Xiahou Jie is a character in the novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Wikidata's simplified Chinese label is Xiahou Jie, and the English label is the same. The cited article says the Jiajing renwu edition, the Ye Fengchun edition, the Zhou Yuejiao edition, and the Huang Zhengfu edition write this man as Xiahou Ba, the same name as Xiahou Yuan's second son. Both forms appear, so the title stays Xiahou Jie.[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n\n## Changban\n\nIn the novel he is a commander in Cao Cao's personal retinue. In chapter 42, at the battle of Changban, Zhang Fei gives a great shout. Xiahou Jie is frightened to death and falls from his horse. This entry records the year of death as 208.[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n\n## A later game\n\nThe arcade game Tenchi wo Kurau II makes Xiahou Jie, together with Yan Ming, the boss of stage 6, Changban Bridge. The article treats that fighting figure as far stronger than the man who dies of a shout in the novel.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Name: Xiahou Jie[^wikidata]\n- Death year recorded on this entry: 208[^wikidata]\n- Role: one of Cao Cao's commanders; this entry records him as an officer[^wikidata]\n- Setting recorded on this entry: Han[^wikidata]\n- Appears in: [[work_cn_q70806|Romance of the Three Kingdoms]][^zhwiki]", "url": "/people/xiahou-jie.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "death": { "year": 208, "display": "208" }, "disambiguation": "Character in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms", "isFictional": true, "personCategory": "literary character" }, { "id": "person_cn_q10402754", "type": "person", "title": "Jiao Da", "slug": "jiao-da", "aliases": [ "焦大" ], "summary": "Jiao Da is an old servant of the Ningguo house in Dream of the Red Chamber. He once followed Duke Ning, Jia Yan, on campaign, and in chapter 7 he got drunk and shouted abuse at the household.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-literature", "category-people", "category-fictional-characters" ], "tags": [ "tag-fictional-character", "tag-classics", "tag-four-great-classics" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q10402754", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10402754" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "焦大（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%84%A6%E5%A4%A7" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:18:07+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 7, "body": "Jiao Da is a character in the novel Dream of the Red Chamber. Wikidata names him Jiao Da, so the title stays that personal name. The entry lists him as a servant of the Ningguo house.[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n\n## Early service\n\nHe was an old servant of the Ningguo house. As a young man he went on campaign several times with Duke Ning, Jia Yan. Once, when his master was near death, Jiao Da carried him out of a heap of corpses. When food ran out he went hungry himself and stole something for his master. When water ran out he left the remaining half bowl for his master and drank horse urine. Because of that old service, later masters treated him with some indulgence and rarely pressed him.[^zhwiki]\n\n## The denunciation\n\nHe hated the wasteful life of the younger Ning household. In chapter 7 he got drunk and, without regard for taboo, shouted his accusations in public.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Name: Jiao Da[^wikidata]\n- Role: male servant of the Ningguo house; this entry records him as a servant[^wikidata]\n- Setting recorded on this entry: the dynasty of the novel[^wikidata]\n- Appears in: [[work_cn_q8265|Dream of the Red Chamber]][^zhwiki]", "url": "/people/jiao-da.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "disambiguation": "Character in Dream of the Red Chamber", "isFictional": true, "personCategory": "literary character" }, { "id": "person_cn_q1038434", "type": "person", "title": "Wei Dingguo", "slug": "wei-dingguo", "aliases": [ "魏定国" ], "summary": "Wei Dingguo is the militia commander of Lingzhou in Water Margin, called the Divine Fire General. He defended Daming, later joined Liangshan, and died in an ambush during the campaign against Fang La.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-literature", "category-people", "category-fictional-characters" ], "tags": [ "tag-fictional-character", "tag-classics", "tag-four-great-classics" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q1038434", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1038434" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "魏定国（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%AD%8F%E5%AE%9A%E5%9C%8B" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:18:06+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 7, "body": "Wei Dingguo is a character in Water Margin. Wikidata uses Wei Dingguo as his name. Divine Fire General is a nickname and Earth-fierce Star is a star name, so the title stays the personal name.[^wikidata]\n\n## In the novel\n\nThe cited Chinese Wikipedia says he is from Lingzhou, skilled in fire attack, and fights with fire weapons. He is called the Divine Fire General. He has eyes like bright stars, a round face and a tiger beard, and he dresses in red, with a red-bronze spear and a red horse, set against Shan Tinggui's black equipment. After Liangshan took Daming, Cai Jing recommended him and Shan Tinggui against the outlaws. In the first battle the two generals captured Xuan Zan and Hao Siwen. After Guan Sheng brought Shan Tinggui over, their combined force besieged Wei Dingguo in Lingzhou. With no way back, and with Guan Sheng coming in person to urge surrender, Wei Dingguo joined Liangshan. Later he followed Lu Junyi against Fang La's Shezhou. Seeing no banners and no soldiers on the wall, he and Shan Tinggui raced for the credit. They did not see the trap, fell with their horses into a pit, and were killed by the ambush.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Name: Wei Dingguo[^wikidata]\n- Nickname: Divine Fire General[^zhwiki]\n- Description: a character in Water Margin[^wikidata]\n- Occupation recorded on this entry: military officer[^wikidata]\n- Appears in: [[work_cn_q70827|Water Margin]]", "url": "/people/wei-dingguo.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "disambiguation": "Character in Water Margin", "isFictional": true, "personCategory": "literary character" }, { "id": "person_cn_q1038409", "type": "person", "title": "Wu Yong", "slug": "wu-yong", "aliases": [ "吴用" ], "summary": "Wu Yong (died 1124), courtesy name Xuejiu and nicknamed the Star of Wisdom, is the Liangshan strategist in Water Margin. He is from Dongxi village in Yuncheng county, Jizhou.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-literature", "category-people", "category-fictional-characters" ], "tags": [ "tag-fictional-character", "tag-classics", "tag-four-great-classics" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q1038409", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1038409" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "吴用（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%90%B4%E7%94%A8" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:18:02+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 7, "body": "Wu Yong is a character in Water Margin. Wikidata uses Wu Yong as his name. The cited Chinese Wikipedia gives his courtesy name as Xuejiu, his Daoist name as Master Jialiang, and his nickname as the Star of Wisdom, so the title stays the personal name. This entry records his death in 1124.[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n\n## Origins\n\nHe is from Dongxi village in Yuncheng county, Jizhou, Shandong. He and Chao Gai had been friends since childhood, and his companions respectfully called him Scholar Wu. He had worked as a tutor in wealthy households. The page says he was learned in military stratagems, clear-browed and fair, with a long beard, and skilled with a pair of bronze chains.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Liangshan\n\nHe later planned the seizure, by Chao Gai and others, of the hundred thousand strings of birthday tribute that Governor Liang was sending to Cai Jing. Warned by Song Jiang, they reached Liangshan before the pursuit. After arriving, Wu Yong provoked Lin Chong into killing Wang Lun and setting Chao Gai up as chief. Wu Yong himself became Liangshan's chief strategist, and both civil and military business passed through his hands. When the band attacked Gaotang and Gao Lian's sorcery could not be broken, he sent Li Kui and Dai Zong to fetch the recluse Gongsun Sheng, who defeated Gao Lian with the orthodox rite of the five thunders. After the amnesty he advised Song Jiang and Lu Junyi in the campaigns against Liao, Tian Hu, Wang Qing and Fang La, and was made martial-integrity general and Chengxuan commissioner of Wusheng army.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Death\n\nIn a dream he learned that Song Jiang had been murdered. Unable to repay that bond, he and Hua Rong hanged themselves before Song Jiang's grave at Liao'erwa outside the south gate of Chuzhou, and were buried beside the tomb.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Name: Wu Yong[^wikidata]\n- Courtesy name: Xuejiu[^zhwiki]\n- Nickname: Star of Wisdom[^zhwiki]\n- Description: a character in Water Margin[^wikidata]\n- Birthplace: [[place_cn_371725|Yuncheng County]][^wikidata]\n- Death recorded on this entry: 1124[^wikidata]\n- Occupation recorded on this entry: teacher[^wikidata]\n- Appears in: [[work_cn_q70827|Water Margin]]", "url": "/people/wu-yong.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "death": { "year": 1124, "display": "1124" }, "disambiguation": "Character in Water Margin", "isFictional": true, "personCategory": "literary character" }, { "id": "person_cn_q10065", "type": "person", "title": "Zhu Changluo", "slug": "taichang-emperor", "aliases": [ "明光宗" ], "summary": "Zhu Changluo (1582–26 September 1620) was the fourteenth emperor of the Ming dynasty. His temple name was Guangzong and his era name was Taichang. He reigned for one month.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q10065", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10065" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "明光宗（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E5%85%89%E5%AE%97" }, { "id": "zhengshi", "title": "明史卷二十一（维基文库）", "url": "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E5%8F%B2/%E5%8D%B721" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:17:59+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 7, "body": "Zhu Changluo was a Ming emperor. His temple name was Guangzong and his era name was Taichang. This entry records his birth in 1582 and his death on 26 September 1620.[^wikidata] The simplified Chinese Wikidata alias is Zhu Changluo, distinct from the temple name Guangzong. The passage read in juan 21 of the Ming History calls him the heir apparent and, after accession, Guangzong. It does not spell out a taboo personal name.[^zhengshi][^wikidata]\n\n## Accession\n\nThe Ming History says the Wanli Emperor died in the seventh month of his forty-eighth year. On the dingyou day the heir, following the testament, issued a million taels to reward the frontier, abolished the mining and commercial taxes, and restored officials who had been punished for remonstrance. On the jihai day another million taels were issued for the frontier. On the first day of the eighth month, bingwu, he took the throne, proclaimed an amnesty, named the next year the first of Taichang, and remitted taxes in provinces hit by disaster. Liaodong suffered a great drought. On the gengshen day the Yellow River at Lanzhou ran clear for three days. In that month Shi Jikai, Shen Que, He Zongyan, Liu Yijing, Han Kuang and Zhu Guozuo entered the grand secretariat, and Ye Xianggao was summoned.[^zhengshi]\n\n## Death\n\nOn the bingyin day the emperor was ill. On the wuchen day he received the Duke of Yingguo, Zhang Weixian, Grand Secretary Fang Congzhe and eleven others at the Qianqing Palace, and had his eldest son come out to see them. On the jiaxu day he was dying and again summoned Fang Congzhe and the others to receive his last charge. That same day Li Kezhuo of the Court of State Ceremonial presented a red pill. He died in the Qianqing Palace on the first day of the ninth month, yihai, after one month on the throne, at the age of thirty-nine. After the Tianqi Emperor succeeded, the court decided that the time from the eighth month of the forty-eighth year of Wanli would be called the first year of Taichang. In the tenth month he received his posthumous title and the temple name Guangzong, and was buried at the Qingling.[^zhengshi]\n\nThe historian's comment at the end of the juan says Guangzong's virtue had long been known and the realm had looked to him, but he reigned only a month, his measures were never carried out, and the struggles over the three cases made the factional disaster worse.[^zhengshi]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Name: Zhu Changluo[^wikidata]\n- Temple name: Guangzong[^zhengshi]\n- Era name: Taichang[^zhengshi]\n- Place in the dynasty: fourteenth Ming emperor[^wikidata]\n- Realm: Ming[^wikidata]\n- Birthplace: [[place_beijing|Beijing]][^wikidata]", "url": "/people/taichang-emperor.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "birth": { "year": 1582, "display": "1582" }, "death": { "year": 1620, "month": 9, "day": 26, "display": "26 September 1620" }, "personCategory": "historical figure" }, { "id": "person_cn_q1038371", "type": "person", "title": "Jinhuan Sanjie", "slug": "jinhuan-sanjie", "aliases": [ "金环三结" ], "summary": "Jinhuan Sanjie (died 225) is a fictional officer of Meng Huo in Romance of the Three Kingdoms, from the five southern streams. He was killed by Zhao Yun during the southern campaign.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-literature", "category-people", "category-fictional-characters" ], "tags": [ "tag-fictional-character", "tag-classics", "tag-four-great-classics" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q1038371", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1038371" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "金环三结（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%87%91%E7%92%B0%E4%B8%89%E7%B5%90" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:17:57+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 7, "body": "Jinhuan Sanjie is a fictional character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Wikidata uses this name and describes him as an officer under Meng Huo. The cited Chinese Wikipedia uses the same name and gives no other personal name, so the title stays Jinhuan Sanjie. This entry records his death in 225.[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n\n## In the novel\n\nThe page says he is a man of the five streams of the southern Man and the commander of the first cave under Meng Huo, king of the southern Man. With his colleagues Dongtuna and Ahuinan he guarded the Man camp at the five streams against the Shu army marching south. Wei Yan and Zhao Yun, following Zhuge Liang's plan to provoke them, raided the camp, and he was caught unprepared. He met Zhao Yun in the fight and was killed in a single bout, his head taken. The episode is in chapter 87.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Name: Jinhuan Sanjie[^wikidata]\n- Description: fictional character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms, an officer under Meng Huo[^wikidata]\n- Death recorded on this entry: 225[^wikidata]\n- Occupation recorded on this entry: military commander[^wikidata]\n- Appears in: [[work_cn_q70806|Romance of the Three Kingdoms]]", "url": "/people/jinhuan-sanjie.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "death": { "year": 225, "display": "225" }, "disambiguation": "Character in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms", "isFictional": true, "personCategory": "literary character" }, { "id": "person_cn_q10059", "type": "person", "title": "Zhu Zaihou", "slug": "longqing-emperor", "aliases": [ "明穆宗" ], "summary": "Zhu Zaihou (1537–1572) was the twelfth emperor of the Ming dynasty. His temple name was Muzong and his era name was Longqing.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q10059", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10059" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "明穆宗（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E7%A9%86%E5%AE%97" }, { "id": "zhengshi", "title": "明史卷十九（维基文库）", "url": "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E5%8F%B2/%E5%8D%B719" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:17:56+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 7, "body": "Zhu Zaihou was a Ming emperor. His temple name was Muzong and his era name was Longqing. This entry records his birth in 1537 and his death in 1572.[^wikidata] Juan 19 of the Ming History gives his personal name as Zaihou, and the cited Wikidata aliases give the full name Zhu Zaihou, surname Zhu, with the English form Zhu Zaihou.[^zhengshi][^wikidata]\n\n## Prince of Yu\n\nThe Ming History says he was the third son of the Jiajing Emperor, and his mother was Consort Du, titled Kang. In the second month of the eighteenth year of Jiajing he was made Prince of Yu, invested on the same day as the heir apparent Zhuangjing and the Prince of Jing. After Zhuangjing died, the emperor regarded him as the eldest and capable son and the succession as settled, but suspicion remained at court, so the Prince of Jing was sent to his own domain.[^zhengshi]\n\n## Accession\n\nIn the twelfth month of the forty-fifth year of Jiajing, the Jiajing Emperor died and Zhu Zaihou took the throne. The next year was the first of Longqing, and a general amnesty was declared. Inconvenient policies of the previous reign were corrected under the testament. Officials punished for remonstrance were recalled, and those who had died were honored. Adepts were handed to the courts, and the alchemy workshops and extraordinary purchases were stopped. Half of the next year's land tax was remitted, together with arrears from before the forty-third year of Jiajing. Hai Rui of the Ministry of Revenue was released from prison.[^zhengshi]\n\n## The early Longqing years\n\nIn the first year of Longqing he ended the rite that associated Ruizong with the emperor in the Bright Hall, restored the title of Prince Zhu Houwan of Zheng, honored his mother as Empress Xiaoke, and installed Consort Chen as empress. Chen Yiqin and Zhang Juzheng entered the grand secretariat. In the third month the Jiajing Emperor was buried at the Yongling. That year Altan raided Datong and Shizhou, killed Prefect Wang Liangcai, looted Jiaocheng and Wenshui, and reached the Fen River, so the capital was placed on alert. The raiders withdrew in the winter. In the third month of the second year, his son Yijun was named heir apparent. The same juan goes on to the third year, when general Zhao Ke defeated Altan at Hongcizi. The extract read here does not reach a death scene, so the death year is left as the 1572 already stored on this entry.[^zhengshi][^wikidata]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Name: Zhu Zaihou[^wikidata]\n- Temple name: Muzong[^zhengshi]\n- Era name: Longqing[^zhengshi]\n- Place in the dynasty: twelfth Ming emperor[^wikidata]\n- Realm: Ming[^wikidata]\n- Birthplace: [[place_beijing|Beijing]][^wikidata]", "url": "/people/longqing-emperor.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "birth": { "year": 1537, "display": "1537" }, "death": { "year": 1572, "display": "1572" }, "personCategory": "historical figure" }, { "id": "person_cn_q1004339", "type": "person", "title": "Fu Yi", "slug": "fu-yi", "aliases": [ "傅奕" ], "summary": "Fu Yi (555–639), from Ye in Xiangzhou, was a Sui and Tang astronomer who served as director of the imperial observatory.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q1004339", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1004339" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "傅奕（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%82%85%E5%A5%95" }, { "id": "zhengshi", "title": "旧唐书·卷79（维基文库）", "url": "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E8%88%8A%E5%94%90%E6%9B%B8/%E5%8D%B779" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:17:53+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 7, "body": "Fu Yi was director of the imperial observatory in the early Tang. This entry records his life as 555 to 639.[^wikidata] The Old Book of Tang gives his name simply as Fu Yi, and the cited Wikidata label is the same, with the surname Fu, so the title stays Fu Yi.[^zhengshi][^wikidata]\n\n## From the Sui into the Tang\n\nThe Old Book of Tang says he was from Ye in Xiangzhou and was especially learned in astronomy and calendrics. In the Kaihuang reign he served Prince Yang Liang of Han as a ceremonial officer. When the prince rebelled, he asked Fu Yi what it meant that Mars had entered the Well. Fu Yi answered that the celestial Well lies on the ecliptic, so Mars passing there was not strange, whereas a well on the ground would be an ill omen. The prince was displeased. After the revolt failed, Fu Yi was spared and moved to Fufeng. Emperor Gaozu, then prefect of Fufeng, treated him with respect and, after taking the throne, summoned him as vice director of the observatory. Director Yu Jian recommended him as his own replacement, and Fu Yi became director.[^zhengshi]\n\n## Director of the observatory\n\nIn the third year of Wude he submitted a new clepsydra method, which was put into use. In the seventh year he memorialized for the suppression of Buddhism, in very direct language, and sent eleven further memorials. Gaozu referred them to the court. Only Zhang Daoyuan, chamberlain of the imperial stud, called the proposal sound. Xiao Yu, president of the secretariat, argued that Fu Yi was defaming a sage and should be punished. Fu Yi replied that the Buddha had left his father by going forth from the city. Gaozu was close to following him when the abdication stopped the matter. In the fifth month of the ninth year of Wude, Fu Yi secretly reported that Venus had appeared in the astral division of Qin and that the Prince of Qin would possess the empire. Gaozu passed the report to Taizong. After Taizong's accession he received Fu Yi and said the earlier report had nearly implicated him, but that Fu Yi should still speak fully. When Taizong asked why he alone rejected Buddhism, Fu Yi said it had come from the Western Regions, did not help the people, and harmed the state. Taizong was inclined to agree.[^zhengshi]\n\n## Death and writings\n\nThe Old Book of Tang says he died in the thirteenth year of Zhenguan at the age of eighty-five. On his deathbed he told his sons to study Laozi, Zhuangzi, and the Six Classics, not the Buddhism then in fashion, and he asked for a plain burial. He did not call a doctor when ill. Once, while drunk, he wrote his own epitaph: he was Fu Yi, a man of green hills and white clouds. He annotated the Laozi, wrote a phonological commentary, and collected anti-Buddhist arguments from the Wei and Jin onward as Gaoshi zhuan in ten juan.[^zhengshi]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Name: Fu Yi[^zhengshi]\n- Native place: Ye in Xiangzhou[^zhengshi]\n- Dates on this entry: 555–639[^wikidata]\n- Occupations: astronomer and political figure[^wikidata]\n- Realms recorded on this entry: Sui, Tang, and Northern Zhou[^wikidata]\n- Portrayal: [[person_cn_q138001671|Fu Yi]] (a character in Journey to the West)", "url": "/people/fu-yi.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "birth": { "year": 555, "display": "555" }, "death": { "year": 639, "display": "639" }, "personCategory": "historical figure" }, { "id": "person_cn_q10007", "type": "person", "title": "Zhu Houzhao", "slug": "zhengde-emperor", "aliases": [ "明武宗" ], "summary": "Zhu Houzhao (1491–1521) was the tenth emperor of the Ming dynasty. His temple name was Wuzong and his era name was Zhengde.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q10007", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10007" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "明武宗（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E6%AD%A6%E5%AE%97" }, { "id": "zhengshi", "title": "明史卷十六（维基文库）", "url": "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E5%8F%B2/%E5%8D%B716" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:17:50+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 7, "body": "Zhu Houzhao was the tenth emperor of the Ming dynasty. His temple name was Wuzong and his era name was Zhengde. This account follows the biography in juan 16 of the Ming History and the sources already cited on this entry.[^zhengshi][^wikidata]\n\n## Family and accession\n\nThe Ming History gives his personal name as Houzhao. He was the eldest son of the Hongzhi Emperor, and his mother was Empress Xiaokangjing. He was named heir apparent in the fifth year of Hongzhi. The history says he was quick-witted and fond of riding and archery. In the fifth month of the eighteenth year of Hongzhi, his father died and he took the throne, naming the next year the first year of Zhengde.[^zhengshi]\n\nThis entry records his birth in the fourth year of Hongzhi (1491) and his death in the sixteenth year of Zhengde (1521).[^wikidata] The Ming History says he was thirty-one when he died.[^zhengshi]\n\n## Reign\n\nIn the first year of Zhengde, Minister of Revenue Han Wen led court officials in asking that the eunuchs Ma Yongcheng and his associates be removed from power. Grand Secretaries Liu Jian, Li Dongyang and Xie Qian supported the request, but the emperor did not accept it. Liu Jin then took charge of the Directorate of Ceremonial, and Liu Jian and Xie Qian retired. In the second year of Zhengde the emperor restored the guard of Prince Zhu Chenhao of Ning and built the Leopard House.[^zhengshi]\n\nIn the fifth year, Prince Zhu Zhifan of Anhua rebelled and was soon captured. That June the emperor styled himself the Great Qing Dharma King. In August Liu Jin was imprisoned for treason and then executed. From the sixth year, uprisings spread from the capital region through Shandong, Henan and Sichuan, and were put down over the course of the seventh year.[^zhengshi]\n\nAfter a fire at the Palace of Heavenly Purity in the first month of the ninth year, the emperor began to travel incognito. In the twelfth year he passed Juyong Pass, stayed at Xuanfu, and called himself the General Who Governs Military Affairs and Inspires Awe. That winter he fought for five days near Yingzhou against the forces of the Little Prince. In the thirteenth year he ordered himself enfeoffed as Duke of Zhenguo under the name Zhu Shou.[^zhengshi]\n\nIn the sixth month of the fourteenth year, Prince Zhu Chenhao rebelled. Wang Shouren recovered Nanchang and captured the prince at Qiaoshe. The emperor still marched south, withheld the victory report, and reached Nanjing that winter. In the ninth month of the fifteenth year his boat capsized at Jishui Pond and his health failed. Chenhao was executed in the twelfth month, and the emperor returned to the capital.[^zhengshi]\n\n## Death\n\nIn the third month of the sixteenth year of Zhengde he was dying. He told the eunuchs of the Directorate of Ceremonial to inform the empress dowager, and said that the earlier mistakes had been his own. On the bingyin day of that month he died in the Leopard House at the age of thirty-one. His testament called the eldest son of the Prince of Xing to succeed him. In the fifth month he received his posthumous title and the temple name Wuzong, and was buried at the Kangling.[^zhengshi]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Name: Zhu Houzhao[^wikidata]\n- Temple name: Wuzong[^zhengshi]\n- Era name: Zhengde[^zhengshi]\n- Birthplace: [[place_beijing|Beijing]][^wikidata]", "url": "/people/zhengde-emperor.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "birth": { "year": 1491, "display": "1491" }, "death": { "year": 1521, "display": "1521" }, "personCategory": "historical figure" }, { "id": "person_cn_q10011", "type": "person", "title": "Zhu Houcong", "slug": "jiajing-emperor-ming", "aliases": [ "明世宗" ], "summary": "Zhu Houcong (1507–1567) was the eleventh emperor of the Ming dynasty. His temple name was Shizong and his era name was Jiajing.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q10011", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10011" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "明世宗（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E4%B8%96%E5%AE%97" }, { "id": "zhengshi", "title": "明史卷十七（维基文库）", "url": "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E5%8F%B2/%E5%8D%B717" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:17:49+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 7, "body": "Zhu Houcong was the eleventh emperor of the Ming dynasty. His temple name was Shizong and his era name was Jiajing. This account follows juan 17 of the Ming History and the sources already cited on this entry.[^zhengshi][^wikidata]\n\n## Family\n\nThe Ming History gives his personal name as Houcong. He was a grandson of the Chenghua Emperor. His father, Prince Youyuan of Xing, held the principality of Anlu. When that prince died in the fourteenth year of Zhengde, Houcong was thirteen and managed the domain as heir. The name Zhu Houcong is the form given in the sources cited here.[^zhengshi][^wikidata]\n\nThis entry records his birth in 1507, his death in 1567, and his birthplace as Zhongxiang.[^wikidata] Juan 17 of the Ming History ends in the twenty-first year of Jiajing and does not describe his death.[^zhengshi]\n\n## Accession\n\nIn the third month of the sixteenth year of Zhengde, the Zhengde Emperor died without a son. Empress Dowager Cishou and Grand Secretary Yang Tinghe decided to summon the prince from his residence at Xing. He left Anlu and reached the suburbs of the capital in the fourth month. The ritual officers wanted him to ascend as an heir apparent. He replied that the testament made him successor to the throne, not an imperial son. He entered through Daming Gate the same day, took the throne in the Fengtian Hall, and named the next year the first of Jiajing.[^zhengshi]\n\n## The ritual dispute\n\nCourt ritualists first proposed that he treat the Hongzhi Emperor as his imperial father and call the Prince of Xing an imperial uncle. The jinshi Zhang Cong argued that Zhu Houcong inherited the throne without becoming an adopted son, and asked that his own parents be honored and that a temple for the Prince of Xing be built in the capital. Yang Tinghe and others objected. The emperor did not accept their view. In the first year of Jiajing the court for a time called the Hongzhi Emperor imperial father and the prince and princess of Xing his natural parents. In the third year the Prince of Xing was given the title of natural imperial father, and the words \"natural\" were later removed. Officials knelt at the palace gate to protest. Ma Li and 133 others were imprisoned, and sixteen died under the rod. Yang Shen and others were beaten and banished or demoted. That year the Hongzhi Emperor was designated imperial uncle-father, and the emperor's own father was designated imperial father. In the seventh year the Minglun Dadian was completed, and Yang Tinghe and others were posthumously stripped of rank.[^zhengshi]\n\n## The early Jiajing years\n\nIn the fifth year the Daoist Shao Yuanjie was named a zhenren. In the seventeenth year the emperor's father received the temple name Ruizong and his tablet was placed in the imperial ancestral temple, ranked above the Zhengde Emperor. In the eighteenth year Zaihuo was named heir apparent, Zaihou was made Prince of Yu, and Zaichuan Prince of Jing. The emperor traveled to Chengtian and visited the Xianling. In the nineteenth year Yang Zui of the Court of the Imperial Stud remonstrated against the use of elixirs and was beaten to death. In the twenty-first year Minister of Rites Yan Song entered the Grand Secretariat. In the same year a palace plot was punished and Consort Cao and Consort Wang were executed. Juan 17 ends at that point.[^zhengshi]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Name: Zhu Houcong[^wikidata]\n- Temple name: Shizong[^zhengshi]\n- Era name: Jiajing[^zhengshi]\n- Birthplace: [[place_cn_420881|Zhongxiang]][^wikidata]", "url": "/people/jiajing-emperor-ming.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "birth": { "year": 1507, "display": "1507" }, "death": { "year": 1567, "display": "1567" }, "personCategory": "historical figure" }, { "id": "person_cn_q466972", "type": "person", "title": "Sheng Shicai", "slug": "sheng-shicai", "aliases": [ "盛世才" ], "summary": "Sheng Shicai (8 January 1897 – 13 July 1970), Chinese warlord (1895-1970).", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q466972", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466972" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "盛世才（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9B%9B%E4%B8%96%E6%89%8D" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:17:45+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 7, "body": "## Basic facts\n\n- Born: 8 January 1897[^wikidata]\n- Died: 13 July 1970[^wikidata]\n- Birthplace: [[place_cn_211282|Kaiyuan]][^wikidata]", "url": "/people/sheng-shicai.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "birth": { "year": 1897, "month": 1, "day": 8, "display": "8 January 1897" }, "death": { "year": 1970, "month": 7, "day": 13, "display": "13 July 1970" }, "personCategory": "historical figure" }, { "id": "person_cn_q10344620", "type": "person", "title": "Donghua Dijun", "slug": "donghua-dijun", "aliases": [ "东华帝君" ], "summary": "Donghua Dijun is a Taoist deity. Quanzhen Daoism ranks him among the Four Emperors and Two Empresses and first of the Five Patriarchs. The cited article says his personal name was originally unknown.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-literature", "category-people", "category-fictional-characters" ], "tags": [ "tag-fictional-character", "tag-classics", "tag-four-great-classics" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q10344620", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10344620" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "东华帝君（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E8%8F%AF%E5%B8%9D%E5%90%9B" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:17:40+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 7, "body": "Donghua Dijun is a Taoist deity. Wikidata uses this title. Its aliases only lengthen the same title, and they do not supply a separate personal name. The cited Chinese Wikipedia says his personal name was originally unknown, so the title stays Donghua Dijun.[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n\n## The cult\n\nThe page says the cult took shape around the Tang dynasty. The Quanzhen school of the Jin dynasty honored him as one of the Four Emperors and Two Empresses and as the first of the Five Patriarchs. Legend places his former home on Kunyu Mountain in Wendeng, Ninghai, Shandong, now Wendeng in Shandong province. He is paired with Xihua Jinmu, the Queen Mother of the West.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Later identifications\n\nThe same page says that from the Yuan dynasty some Daoists identified him with the Eastern King, or said he was incarnated as Wang Xuanfu. One inner-alchemy lineage instead associated him with Lü Dongbin, one of the Eight Immortals. These are later identifications. The citations do not settle on one of them as his only personal name.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Title: Donghua Dijun[^wikidata]\n- Description: Taoist deity[^wikidata]\n- Appears in: [[work_cn_q70784|Journey to the West]]", "url": "/people/donghua-dijun.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "disambiguation": "Character in Journey to the West", "isFictional": true, "personCategory": "mythological figure" }, { "id": "person_cn_q10264740", "type": "person", "title": "You Sanjie", "slug": "you-sanjie", "aliases": [ "尤三姐" ], "summary": "You Sanjie is You Erjie's younger sister in Dream of the Red Chamber. After Liu Xianglian broke the betrothal on a rumor, she killed herself with his sword.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-literature", "category-people", "category-fictional-characters" ], "tags": [ "tag-fictional-character", "tag-classics", "tag-four-great-classics" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q10264740", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10264740" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "尤三姐（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B0%A4%E4%B8%89%E5%A7%90" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:17:34+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 7, "body": "You Sanjie is a character in Dream of the Red Chamber. Wikidata uses You Sanjie as her name and also lists You Xiaomei. It does not give a different personal name, so the title stays You Sanjie.[^wikidata]\n\n## In the novel\n\nShe is the younger sister of You Erjie and a daughter of the stepmother of Madam You, Jia Zhen's wife. In opera she and her sister are often paired as the two You sisters of the novel. The Chinese Wikipedia describes her as fierce in temper and unwilling to be trifled with. Jia Lian later acted as matchmaker, and she agreed to marry Liu Xianglian. Liu Xianglian believed a rumor that she was unchaste and asked for the betrothal swords back. To clear herself she drew a sword and killed herself. Liu Xianglian regretted it too late, cut off his hair, and left home.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Name: You Sanjie[^wikidata]\n- Description: a character in Dream of the Red Chamber[^wikidata]\n- Appears in: [[work_cn_q8265|Dream of the Red Chamber]]", "url": "/people/you-sanjie.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "disambiguation": "Character in Dream of the Red Chamber", "isFictional": true, "personCategory": "literary character" }, { "id": "person_cn_q10264763", "type": "person", "title": "You Erjie", "slug": "you-erjie", "aliases": [ "尤二姐" ], "summary": "You Erjie is You Sanjie's elder sister in Dream of the Red Chamber. Jia Lian secretly married her; Wang Xifeng later brought her home, and she killed herself by swallowing gold.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-literature", "category-people", "category-fictional-characters" ], "tags": [ "tag-fictional-character", "tag-classics", "tag-four-great-classics" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q10264763", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10264763" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "尤二姐（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B0%A4%E4%BA%8C%E5%A7%90" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:17:34+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 7, "body": "You Erjie is a character in Dream of the Red Chamber. Wikidata uses You Erjie as her name and also lists You Shi. It does not give a different personal name, so the title stays You Erjie.[^wikidata]\n\n## In the novel\n\nShe and You Sanjie were daughters brought by Madam You's stepmother, old Mrs You. Opera often pairs them as the two You sisters. The Chinese Wikipedia describes You Erjie as sentimental, gentle and beautiful: careless in conduct before her marriage, but loyal once she was married to Jia Lian. Jia Lian secretly took her as a second wife and housed her outside the Rong mansion. Ping'er mentioned this to Wang Xifeng without meaning to. While Jia Lian was away, Wang Xifeng brought You Erjie into the household. Outside, she used Zhang Hua, the former fiancé whose engagement had already been broken, to damage You Erjie's name and bring a lawsuit. Inside, she was outwardly kinder, while Qiutong was set to harass You Erjie, meals were withheld, and a quack doctor destroyed a nearly formed child. Under that pressure You Erjie swallowed gold and died. When Jia Lian returned he found almost nothing left of her property. Wang Xifeng also used Lady Jia's words to keep You Erjie from being buried in the family temple. Ping'er later paid the funeral from her own savings.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Name: You Erjie[^wikidata]\n- Description: a character in Dream of the Red Chamber[^wikidata]\n- Appears in: [[work_cn_q8265|Dream of the Red Chamber]]", "url": "/people/you-erjie.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "disambiguation": "Character in Dream of the Red Chamber", "isFictional": true, "personCategory": "literary character" }, { "id": "person_cn_q10271367", "type": "person", "title": "Cui Jue", "slug": "cui-jue", "aliases": [ "崔府君" ], "summary": "Cui Fujun is a north-Chinese folk deity said to judge the underworld. Tang and Song records disagree about his personal name, and one source says it was lost.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-literature", "category-people", "category-fictional-characters" ], "tags": [ "tag-fictional-character", "tag-classics", "tag-four-great-classics" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q10271367", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10271367" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "崔府君（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B4%94%E5%BA%9C%E5%90%9B" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:17:34+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 7, "body": "Cui Fujun is a Chinese folk deity said to judge the underworld. Wikidata uses Cui Fujun as the Chinese title and also lists Cui Jue, Cui Ci, Cui Ziyu and Cui Yuanjing. The cited Chinese Wikipedia says Tang and Song records are scattered, that the Long Draft Continuation of the Comprehensive Mirror states that his name was lost, and that one tradition calls him Jue while another calls him Ci, courtesy name Ziyu. Because the citations do not settle on one personal name, the titles already on this entry stay unchanged.[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n\n## Rival origins\n\nThe Chinese Wikipedia reports an account in the Compendium of Gods from the Three Teachings: he was from Gucheng in Qizhou, his father was Cui Rang, he was born on the sixth day of the sixth month of the third year of Daye, and he was named Ziyu. In the seventh year of Zhenguan he was magistrate of Changzi county in Luzhou, and legend says he judged the living by day and the underworld by night. Shanxi gazetteers more often record a Cui Jue of Leping. The same page also tells of his magistracy at Fuyang in Cizhou, and of the Dunhuang tale Tang Taizong Enters the Underworld, in which he, as judge of Fengdu, releases Taizong's soul. Journey to the West mentions that story.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Later titles\n\nThe page goes on to say that during the An Lushan rebellion he appeared in a dream to comfort Emperor Xuanzong and was enfeoffed as the Numinous and Holy Marquis Who Protects the State. In the second year of Jingyou he was advanced to Duke of Manifest Response Who Protects the State, and in the second year of Yuanfu to the corresponding prince. A further title added Zhaohui. Under the Southern Song the story of the clay horse carrying Prince Kang was told. After Zhao Gou took the throne he founded a temple and granted it the plaque Xianwei. In the thirteenth year of Chunxi the deity was reclassified as a perfected lord. Popular usage still called him Cui Fujun.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Title used here: Cui Fujun[^wikidata]\n- Description on this entry: fictional person[^wikidata]\n- Setting recorded on this entry: Tang[^wikidata]\n- Appears in: [[work_cn_q70784|Journey to the West]]", "url": "/people/cui-jue.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "disambiguation": "Character in Journey to the West", "isFictional": true, "personCategory": "literary character" }, { "id": "person_cn_q79193", "type": "person", "title": "Sui Yuanjin", "slug": "sui-yuanjin", "aliases": [ "眭元进" ], "summary": "Sui Yuanjin (? – 200), Military general.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q79193", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79193" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "眭元进（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9C%AD%E5%85%83%E9%80%B2" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:17:29+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 5, "body": "## Basic facts\n\n- Died: 200[^wikidata]\n\n## Portrayals\n\n- [[person_cn_q124034278|Sui Yuanjin]] (character in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms)", "url": "/people/sui-yuanjin.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "death": { "year": 200, "display": "200" }, "personCategory": "historical figure" }, { "id": "person_cn_q10127095", "type": "person", "title": "Sun Zi", "slug": "sun-zi", "aliases": [ "孙资" ], "summary": "Sun Zi (died 251), courtesy name Yanlong, was a Cao Wei official. He served as secretariat director and was later enfeoffed as Marquis of Zhongdu.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q10127095", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10127095" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "孙资（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AD%AB%E8%B3%87" }, { "id": "zhengshi", "title": "三国志·卷14（维基文库）", "url": "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%9C%8B%E5%BF%97/%E5%8D%B714" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:17:27+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 7, "body": "Sun Zi was an official of Cao Wei. Wikidata gives his name as Sun Zi, and this entry records his death in 251.[^wikidata] In juan 14 of the Records of the Three Kingdoms his biography is attached to that of Liu Fang. The separate note says his courtesy name was Yanlong, so the title stays the personal name.[^zhengshi]\n\n## Early life\n\nThe note says he showed promise as a child, lost both parents at three, and was raised by his elder brother and sister-in-law. He studied at the imperial academy and read widely. Wang Yun of his commandery thought him remarkable at first sight. When Cao Cao was minister of works he summoned Sun Zi, but Sun Zi's brother had been killed by a fellow villager. Sun Zi killed the man himself and took his family to Hedong, so he did not accept the summons. The commandery appointed him again and he declined on grounds of illness. His friend Jia Kui of Hedong persuaded him. He then served as a clerk in the bureau and was recommended as an accounting officer. Minister of the secretariat Xun Yu said the north had long been ruined and its able men scattered, and that he was now seeing Sun, the accounting officer, again. Xun Yu asked that Sun Zi be kept as a gentleman of the secretariat. Sun Zi declined because of the family feud and returned to Hedong.[^zhengshi]\n\n## Keeper of confidential business\n\nAfter the state of Wei was founded he and Liu Fang became secretaries. Before that he had also been a county magistrate and had taken part in the counselor-in-chief's military affairs. When Emperor Wen took the throne they became left and right assistants. At the start of Huangchu the secretariat became the Central Secretariat. Liu Fang was its inspector and Sun Zi its director, each also a palace attendant. Liu Fang was made Marquis of Guannei and Sun Zi Marquis of Guanzhong, and they handled confidential matters. In the third year of Huangchu Sun Zi was advanced to Marquis of Guannei. Emperor Ming favored them still more. Both became mounted attendants, and Sun Zi was advanced to Marquis of Leyang. At the end of Taihe, Wu sent Zhou He by sea to entice Gongsun Yuan. Most of the court opposed a campaign. Only Sun Zi decided to send the army, and it won a great victory. He was advanced to Marquis of Zuoxiang. At the start of Qinglong both men became palace attendants and grand masters of splendor. In the second year of Jingchu, after Liaodong was pacified, he was enfeoffed with his own county as Marquis of Zhongdu.[^zhengshi]\n\n## Last years\n\nAfter Prince of Qi, Cao Fang, took the throne, Sun Zi was made grand master of the right in the first year of Zhengshi. In the sixth year he became general of the guards and still headed the Central Secretariat. In the seventh year one of his sons was made a village marquis. Liu Fang died in the second year of Jiaping. Sun Zi again yielded his post and went home, was appointed general of the agile cavalry, and became a palace attendant. He died in the third year of Jiaping. His posthumous name was Marquis Zhen, and his son Sun Hong succeeded. That year matches the 251 recorded on this entry.[^zhengshi][^wikidata]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Name: Sun Zi[^zhengshi]\n- Courtesy name: Yanlong[^zhengshi]\n- Death: third year of Jiaping, recorded here as 251[^zhengshi][^wikidata]\n- Occupation recorded on this entry: political figure[^wikidata]\n- Portrayal: [[person_cn_q124461406|Sun Zi]] (a character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms)", "url": "/people/sun-zi.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "death": { "year": 251, "display": "251" }, "personCategory": "historical figure" }, { "id": "person_cn_q769102", "type": "person", "title": "Hao Meng", "slug": "hao-meng", "aliases": [ "郝萌" ], "summary": "Hao Meng (? – 196), General serving warlord Lü Bu (died 196).", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q769102", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q769102" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "郝萌（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%83%9D%E8%90%8C" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:17:27+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 6, "body": "## Basic facts\n\n- Died: 196[^wikidata]\n\n## Portrayals\n\n- [[person_cn_q123735532|Hao Meng]] (character in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms)", "url": "/people/hao-meng.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "death": { "year": 196, "display": "196" }, "personCategory": "historical figure" }, { "id": "person_cn_q7488355", "type": "person", "title": "Shang Rong", "slug": "shang-rong", "aliases": [ "商容" ], "summary": "Shang Rong, high official of Shang Dynasty.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q7488355", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7488355" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "商容（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%95%86%E5%AE%B9" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:17:24+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 5, "body": "## Portrayals\n\n- [[person_cn_q131915219|Shang Rong]] (character in Investiture of the Gods)", "url": "/people/shang-rong.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "personCategory": "historical figure" }, { "id": "person_cn_q7237", "type": "person", "title": "Emperor Ai of Han", "slug": "emperor-ai-han", "aliases": [ "汉哀帝" ], "summary": "Emperor Ai of Han (23 BC – ?), emperor of the Han dynasty.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q7237", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7237" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "汉哀帝（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E5%93%80%E5%B8%9D" }, { "id": "zhengshi", "title": "汉书·卷011（维基文库）", "url": "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E6%9B%B8/%E5%8D%B7011" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:17:21+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 6, "body": "## Official history\n\nBiography in 汉书·卷011[^zhengshi].\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Born: 23 BC[^wikidata]\n- Birthplace: [[place_cn_371700|Heze]][^wikidata]", "url": "/people/emperor-ai-han.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "birth": { "year": -23, "display": "23 BC" }, "personCategory": "historical figure" }, { "id": "person_cn_q7500", "type": "person", "title": "Emperor Gong of Song", "slug": "emperor-gong-song", "aliases": [ "宋恭帝" ], "summary": "Emperor Gong of Song (1271 – 1323), Emperor of the Song Dynasty.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q7500", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7500" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "宋恭帝（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%8B%E6%81%AD%E5%B8%9D" }, { "id": "zhengshi", "title": "宋史·卷047（维基文库）", "url": "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E5%AE%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E5%8D%B7047" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:17:21+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 6, "body": "## Official history\n\nBiography in 宋史·卷047[^zhengshi].\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Born: 1271[^wikidata]\n- Died: 1323[^wikidata]\n- Birthplace: [[place_cn_330112|Lin'an District]][^wikidata]", "url": "/people/emperor-gong-song.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "birth": { "year": 1271, "display": "1271" }, "death": { "year": 1323, "display": "1323" }, "personCategory": "historical figure" }, { "id": "person_cn_q7503", "type": "person", "title": "Emperor Bing of Song", "slug": "emperor-bing-song", "aliases": [ "赵昺" ], "summary": "Emperor Bing of Song (1272 – 1279), emperor of the Song Dynasty.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q7503", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7503" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "赵昺（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B5%B5%E6%98%BA" }, { "id": "zhengshi", "title": "宋史·卷047（维基文库）", "url": "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E5%AE%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E5%8D%B7047" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:17:21+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 6, "body": "## Official history\n\nBiography in 宋史·卷047[^zhengshi].\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Born: 1272[^wikidata]\n- Died: 1279[^wikidata]\n- Birthplace: [[place_hangzhou|Hangzhou]][^wikidata]", "url": "/people/emperor-bing-song.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "birth": { "year": 1272, "display": "1272" }, "death": { "year": 1279, "display": "1279" }, "personCategory": "historical figure" }, { "id": "person_cn_q7228", "type": "person", "title": "Prince of Changyi", "slug": "prince-changyi", "aliases": [ "刘贺" ], "summary": "Prince of Changyi (91 BC – 58 BC), Emperor of the Han dynasty (92–59 BC).", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q7228", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7228" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "刘贺（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%88%98%E8%B4%BA" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:17:20+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 6, "body": "## Basic facts\n\n- Born: 91 BC[^wikidata]\n- Died: 58 BC[^wikidata]\n- Birthplace: [[place_cn_371724|Juye County]][^wikidata]", "url": "/people/prince-changyi.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "birth": { "year": -91, "display": "91 BC" }, "death": { "year": -58, "display": "58 BC" }, "personCategory": "historical figure" }, { "id": "person_cn_q7224", "type": "person", "title": "Emperor Jing of Han", "slug": "emperor-jing-han", "aliases": [ "汉景帝" ], "summary": "Emperor Jing of Han (187 BC – 140 BC), emperor of the Han Dynasty (188–141 BCE).", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q7224", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7224" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "汉景帝（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E6%99%AF%E5%B8%9D" }, { "id": "zhengshi", "title": "汉景帝本纪（维基文库）", "url": "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E5%8F%B2%E8%A8%98/%E5%8D%B7011" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:17:17+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 6, "body": "## Official history\n\nBiography in 汉景帝本纪[^zhengshi].\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Born: 187 BC[^wikidata]\n- Died: 140 BC[^wikidata]\n- Birthplace: [[place_taiyuan|Taiyuan]][^wikidata]", "url": "/people/emperor-jing-han.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "birth": { "year": -187, "display": "187 BC" }, "death": { "year": -140, "display": "140 BC" }, "personCategory": "historical figure" }, { "id": "person_cn_q7498", "type": "person", "title": "Emperor Duzong of Song", "slug": "emperor-duzong-song", "aliases": [ "宋度宗" ], "summary": "Emperor Duzong of Song (1240 – 1274), emperor of the Song Dynasty.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q7498", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7498" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "宋度宗（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%8B%E5%BA%A6%E5%AE%97" }, { "id": "zhengshi", "title": "宋史/卷046（维基文库）", "url": "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E5%AE%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E5%8D%B7046" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:17:17+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 6, "body": "## Official history\n\nBiography in 宋史/卷046[^zhengshi].\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Born: 1240[^wikidata]\n- Died: 1274[^wikidata]\n- Birthplace: [[place_shaoxing|Shaoxing]][^wikidata]", "url": "/people/emperor-duzong-song.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "birth": { "year": 1240, "display": "1240" }, "death": { "year": 1274, "display": "1274" }, "personCategory": "historical figure" }, { "id": "person_cn_q7218984", "type": "person", "title": "Wang Fu", "slug": "wang-fu", "aliases": [ "王甫" ], "summary": "Wang Fu (? – 179), Chinese Han dynasty official (died 179).", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q7218984", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7218984" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "王甫 (东汉)（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E7%94%AB_(%E6%9D%B1%E6%BC%A2)" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:17:15+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 5, "body": "## Basic facts\n\n- Died: 179[^wikidata]\n\n## Portrayals\n\n- [[person_cnv_q7218984_q70806|Wang Fu]] (character in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms)", "url": "/people/wang-fu.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "death": { "year": 179, "display": "179" }, "personCategory": "historical figure" }, { "id": "person_cn_q7214", "type": "person", "title": "Emperor Hui of Han", "slug": "emperor-hui-han", "aliases": [ "汉惠帝" ], "summary": "Emperor Hui of Han (212 BC – 187 BC), emperor of the Han dynasty.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q7214", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7214" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "汉惠帝（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E6%83%A0%E5%B8%9D" }, { "id": "zhengshi", "title": "漢書/卷002（维基文库）", "url": "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E6%9B%B8/%E5%8D%B7002" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:17:13+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 6, "body": "## Official history\n\nBiography in 漢書/卷002[^zhengshi].\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Born: 212 BC[^wikidata]\n- Died: 187 BC[^wikidata]\n- Birthplace: [[place_cn_320322|Pei County]][^wikidata]", "url": "/people/emperor-hui-han.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "birth": { "year": -212, "display": "212 BC" }, "death": { "year": -187, "display": "187 BC" }, "personCategory": "historical figure" }, { "id": "person_cn_q7496", "type": "person", "title": "Emperor Ningzong of Song", "slug": "emperor-ningzong-song", "aliases": [ "宋宁宗" ], "summary": "Emperor Ningzong of Song (1168 – 1224), emperor of the Song Dynasty.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q7496", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7496" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "宋宁宗（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%8B%E5%AE%81%E5%AE%97" }, { "id": "zhengshi", "title": "宋史·卷037（维基文库）", "url": "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E5%AE%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E5%8D%B7037" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:17:13+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 6, "body": "## Official history\n\nBiography in 宋史·卷037[^zhengshi].\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Born: 1168[^wikidata]\n- Died: 1224[^wikidata]\n- Birthplace: [[place_hangzhou|Hangzhou]][^wikidata]", "url": "/people/emperor-ningzong-song.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "birth": { "year": 1168, "display": "1168" }, "death": { "year": 1224, "display": "1224" }, "personCategory": "historical figure" }, { "id": "person_cn_q7497", "type": "person", "title": "Emperor Lizong of Song", "slug": "emperor-lizong-song", "aliases": [ "宋理宗" ], "summary": "Emperor Lizong of Song (1205 – 1264), Chinese emperor from 1224 to 1264 (1205–1264).", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q7497", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7497" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "宋理宗（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%8B%E7%90%86%E5%AE%97" }, { "id": "zhengshi", "title": "宋史·卷041（维基文库）", "url": "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E5%AE%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E5%8D%B7041" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:17:12+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 6, "body": "## Official history\n\nBiography in 宋史·卷041[^zhengshi].\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Born: 1205[^wikidata]\n- Died: 1264[^wikidata]\n- Birthplace: [[place_hangzhou|Hangzhou]][^wikidata]", "url": "/people/emperor-lizong-song.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "birth": { "year": 1205, "display": "1205" }, "death": { "year": 1264, "display": "1264" }, "personCategory": "historical figure" }, { "id": "person_cn_q7479", "type": "person", "title": "Emperor Yingzong of Song", "slug": "emperor-yingzong-song", "aliases": [ "宋英宗" ], "summary": "Emperor Yingzong of Song (1032 – 1067), 5th Emperor of the Northern Song Dynasty.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q7479", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7479" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "宋英宗（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%8B%E8%8B%B1%E5%AE%97" }, { "id": "zhengshi", "title": "宋史·卷013（维基文库）", "url": "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E5%AE%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E5%8D%B7013" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:17:10+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 6, "body": "## Official history\n\nBiography in 宋史·卷013[^zhengshi].\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Born: 1032[^wikidata]\n- Died: 1067[^wikidata]\n- Birthplace: [[place_cn_410200|Kaifeng]][^wikidata]", "url": "/people/emperor-yingzong-song.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "birth": { "year": 1032, "display": "1032" }, "death": { "year": 1067, "display": "1067" }, "personCategory": "historical figure" }, { "id": "person_cn_q7475", "type": "person", "title": "Emperor Zhenzong of Song", "slug": "emperor-zhenzong-song", "aliases": [ "宋真宗" ], "summary": "Emperor Zhenzong of Song (968 – 1022), Chinese emperor from 997 to 1022.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q7475", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7475" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "宋真宗（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%8B%E7%9C%9F%E5%AE%97" }, { "id": "zhengshi", "title": "宋史·卷006（维基文库）", "url": "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E5%AE%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E5%8D%B7006" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:17:08+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 6, "body": "## Official history\n\nBiography in 宋史·卷006[^zhengshi].\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Born: 968[^wikidata]\n- Died: 1022[^wikidata]\n- Birthplace: [[place_cn_410200|Kaifeng]][^wikidata]", "url": "/people/emperor-zhenzong-song.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "birth": { "year": 968, "display": "968" }, "death": { "year": 1022, "display": "1022" }, "personCategory": "historical figure" }, { "id": "person_cn_q7488", "type": "person", "title": "Emperor Qinzong of Song", "slug": "emperor-qinzong-song", "aliases": [ "宋钦宗" ], "summary": "Emperor Qinzong of Song (1100 – 1156), emperor of the Song Dynasty.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q7488", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7488" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "宋钦宗（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%8B%E9%92%A6%E5%AE%97" }, { "id": "zhengshi", "title": "宋史·卷023（维基文库）", "url": "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E5%AE%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E5%8D%B7023" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:17:06+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 6, "body": "## Official history\n\nBiography in 宋史·卷023[^zhengshi].\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Born: 1100[^wikidata]\n- Died: 1156[^wikidata]\n- Birthplace: [[place_cn_410200|Kaifeng]][^wikidata]", "url": "/people/emperor-qinzong-song.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "birth": { "year": 1100, "display": "1100" }, "death": { "year": 1156, "display": "1156" }, "personCategory": "historical figure" }, { "id": "person_cn_q7489", "type": "person", "title": "Emperor Gaozong of Song", "slug": "emperor-gaozong-song", "aliases": [ "宋高宗" ], "summary": "Emperor Gaozong of Song (1107 – 1187), emperor of Song Dynasty China (1107–1187).", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q7489", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7489" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "宋高宗（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%8B%E9%AB%98%E5%AE%97" }, { "id": "zhengshi", "title": "宋史·卷024（维基文库）", "url": "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E5%AE%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E5%8D%B7024" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:17:06+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 6, "body": "## Official history\n\nBiography in 宋史·卷024[^zhengshi].\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Born: 1107[^wikidata]\n- Died: 1187[^wikidata]\n- Birthplace: [[place_cn_410200|Kaifeng]][^wikidata]", "url": "/people/emperor-gaozong-song.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "birth": { "year": 1107, "display": "1107" }, "death": { "year": 1187, "display": "1187" }, "personCategory": "historical figure" }, { "id": "person_cn_q7473", "type": "person", "title": "Emperor Taizong of Song", "slug": "emperor-taizong-song", "aliases": [ "宋太宗" ], "summary": "Emperor Taizong of Song (939 – 997), 2nd emperor of the Song Dynasty.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q7473", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7473" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "宋太宗（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%8B%E5%A4%AA%E5%AE%97" }, { "id": "zhengshi", "title": "宋史·卷004（维基文库）", "url": "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E5%AE%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E5%8D%B7004" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:17:05+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 6, "body": "## Official history\n\nBiography in 宋史·卷004[^zhengshi].\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Born: 939[^wikidata]\n- Died: 997[^wikidata]\n- Birthplace: [[place_cn_410212|Xiangfu District]][^wikidata]", "url": "/people/emperor-taizong-song.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "birth": { "year": 939, "display": "939" }, "death": { "year": 997, "display": "997" }, "personCategory": "historical figure" }, { "id": "person_cn_q7484", "type": "person", "title": "Emperor Zhezong of Song", "slug": "emperor-zhezong-song", "aliases": [ "宋哲宗" ], "summary": "Emperor Zhezong of Song (1077 – 1100), 7th emperor of the Song Dynasty.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q7484", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7484" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "宋哲宗（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%8B%E5%93%B2%E5%AE%97" }, { "id": "zhengshi", "title": "宋史·卷017（维基文库）", "url": "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E5%AE%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E5%8D%B7017" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:17:01+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 6, "body": "## Official history\n\nBiography in 宋史·卷017[^zhengshi].\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Born: 1077[^wikidata]\n- Died: 1100[^wikidata]\n- Birthplace: [[place_cn_410200|Kaifeng]][^wikidata]", "url": "/people/emperor-zhezong-song.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "birth": { "year": 1077, "display": "1077" }, "death": { "year": 1100, "display": "1100" }, "personCategory": "historical figure" }, { "id": "person_cn_q7483", "type": "person", "title": "Emperor Shenzong of Song", "slug": "emperor-shenzong-song", "aliases": [ "宋神宗" ], "summary": "Emperor Shenzong of Song (1048 – 1085), 6th emperor of the Northern Song Dynasty.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q7483", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7483" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "宋神宗（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%8B%E7%A5%9E%E5%AE%97" }, { "id": "zhengshi", "title": "宋史/卷014（维基文库）", "url": "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E5%AE%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E5%8D%B7014" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:17:00+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 6, "body": "## Official history\n\nBiography in 宋史/卷014[^zhengshi].\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Born: 1048[^wikidata]\n- Died: 1085[^wikidata]\n- Birthplace: [[place_cn_410200|Kaifeng]][^wikidata]", "url": "/people/emperor-shenzong-song.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "birth": { "year": 1048, "display": "1048" }, "death": { "year": 1085, "display": "1085" }, "personCategory": "historical figure" }, { "id": "person_cn_q7357", "type": "person", "title": "Emperor Hui of Jin", "slug": "emperor-hui-jin", "aliases": [ "晋惠帝" ], "summary": "Emperor Hui of Jin (259 – 307), Emperor of the Jin Dynasty from 290 to 307.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q7357", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7357" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "晋惠帝（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%99%89%E6%83%A0%E5%B8%9D" }, { "id": "zhengshi", "title": "晋书·卷004（维基文库）", "url": "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%99%89%E6%9B%B8/%E5%8D%B7004" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:16:58+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 6, "body": "## Official history\n\nBiography in 晋书·卷004[^zhengshi].\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Born: 259[^wikidata]\n- Died: 307[^wikidata]\n- Birthplace: [[place_luoyang|Luoyang]][^wikidata]", "url": "/people/emperor-hui-jin.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "birth": { "year": 259, "display": "259" }, "death": { "year": 307, "display": "307" }, "personCategory": "historical figure" }, { "id": "person_cn_q7392", "type": "person", "title": "Emperor Yuan of Jin", "slug": "emperor-yuan-jin", "aliases": [ "晋元帝" ], "summary": "Emperor Yuan of Jin (276 – 323), First Emperor of Eastern Jin Dynasty freom 318 to 323.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q7392", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7392" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "晋元帝（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%99%89%E5%85%83%E5%B8%9D" }, { "id": "zhengshi", "title": "晋书·卷006（维基文库）", "url": "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%99%89%E6%9B%B8/%E5%8D%B7006" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:16:58+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 6, "body": "## Official history\n\nBiography in 晋书·卷006[^zhengshi].\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Born: 276[^wikidata]\n- Died: 323[^wikidata]\n- Birthplace: [[place_luoyang|Luoyang]][^wikidata]", "url": "/people/emperor-yuan-jin.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "birth": { "year": 276, "display": "276" }, "death": { "year": 323, "display": "323" }, "personCategory": "historical figure" }, { "id": "person_cn_q736230", "type": "person", "title": "Sun He", "slug": "sun-he", "aliases": [ "孙河" ], "summary": "Sun He (? – 204), a figure in Chinese history.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q736230", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736230" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "孙河（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AD%AB%E6%B2%B3" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:16:57+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 6, "body": "## Basic facts\n\n- Died: 204[^wikidata]\n\n## Portrayals\n\n- [[person_cn_q124413522|Sun He]] (character in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms)", "url": "/people/sun-he.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "death": { "year": 204, "display": "204" }, "personCategory": "historical figure" }, { "id": "person_cn_q7210", "type": "person", "title": "Emperor Gaozu of Han", "slug": "emperor-gaozu-han", "aliases": [ "刘邦" ], "summary": "Emperor Gaozu of Han (255 BC – 194 BC), founding emperor of the Han dynasty (256–195 BC).", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q7210", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7210" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "刘邦（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%88%98%E9%82%A6" }, { "id": "zhengshi", "title": "汉高祖本纪（维基文库）", "url": "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E5%8F%B2%E8%A8%98/%E5%8D%B7008" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:16:55+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 6, "body": "## Official history\n\nBiography in 汉高祖本纪[^zhengshi].\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Born: 255 BC[^wikidata]\n- Died: 194 BC[^wikidata]\n- Birthplace: [[place_cn_320322|Pei County]][^wikidata]", "url": "/people/emperor-gaozu-han.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "birth": { "year": -255, "display": "255 BC" }, "death": { "year": -194, "display": "194 BC" }, "personCategory": "historical figure" }, { "id": "person_cn_q7196", "type": "person", "title": "Qin Er Shi", "slug": "qin-er-shi", "aliases": [ "秦二世" ], "summary": "Qin Er Shi (229 BC – 206 BC), emperor of the Qin Dynasty.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q7196", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7196" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "秦二世（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A7%A6%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:16:52+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 6, "body": "## Basic facts\n\n- Born: 229 BC[^wikidata]\n- Died: 206 BC[^wikidata]\n- Birthplace: [[place_cn_610402|Qindu District]][^wikidata]", "url": "/people/qin-er-shi.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "birth": { "year": -229, "display": "229 BC" }, "death": { "year": -206, "display": "206 BC" }, "personCategory": "historical figure" }, { "id": "person_cn_q735481", "type": "person", "title": "Guan Ping", "slug": "guan-ping", "aliases": [ "关平" ], "summary": "Guan Ping (178 – 219), Chinese general serving warlord Liu Bei (died 220).", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q735481", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735481" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "关平（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%97%9C%E5%B9%B3" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:16:51+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 5, "body": "## Basic facts\n\n- Born: 178[^wikidata]\n- Died: 219[^wikidata]\n\n## Portrayals\n\n- [[person_cn_q124012110|Guan Ping]] (character in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms)", "url": "/people/guan-ping.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "birth": { "year": 178, "display": "178" }, "death": { "year": 219, "display": "219" }, "personCategory": "historical figure" }, { "id": "person_cn_q717993", "type": "person", "title": "Zhang Bu", "slug": "zhang-bu", "aliases": [ "张布" ], "summary": "Zhang Bu (? – 264), Chinese Eastern Wu general (died 264).", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q717993", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q717993" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "张布（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BC%A0%E5%B8%83" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:16:50+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 5, "body": "## Basic facts\n\n- Died: 264[^wikidata]\n\n## Portrayals\n\n- [[person_cn_q124663872|Zhang Bu]] (character in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms)", "url": "/people/zhang-bu.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "death": { "year": 264, "display": "264" }, "personCategory": "historical figure" }, { "id": "person_cn_q735420", "type": "person", "title": "Di Yi", "slug": "di-yi", "aliases": [ "帝乙" ], "summary": "Di Yi (? – 1075 BC), 30th king of Shang dynasty (r. ca. 1101 BCE-1076 BCE).", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q735420", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735420" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "帝乙（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B8%9D%E4%B9%99" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:16:50+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 5, "body": "## Basic facts\n\n- Died: 1075 BC[^wikidata]\n\n## Portrayals\n\n- [[person_cn_q131914809|Di Yi]] (character in Investiture of the Gods)", "url": "/people/di-yi.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "death": { "year": -1075, "display": "1075 BC" }, "personCategory": "historical figure" }, { "id": "person_cn_q716237", "type": "person", "title": "Song Jiang", "slug": "song-jiang", "aliases": [ "宋江" ], "summary": "Song Jiang, leader of a group of Chinese outlaws during the Song dynasty.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q716237", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q716237" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "宋江（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%8B%E6%B1%9F" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:16:47+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 5, "body": "## Portrayals\n\n- [[person_cn_q45433624|Song Jiang]] (character in Water Margin)", "url": "/people/song-jiang.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "personCategory": "historical figure" }, { "id": "person_cn_q716543", "type": "person", "title": "Su Qin", "slug": "su-qin", "aliases": [ "苏秦" ], "summary": "Su Qin (? – 283 BC), Chinese political strategist in the Warring States period (died 284 BC).", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q716543", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q716543" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "苏秦（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E7%A7%A6" }, { "id": "zhengshi", "title": "史記/卷069（维基文库）", "url": "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E5%8F%B2%E8%A8%98/%E5%8D%B7069" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:16:47+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 6, "body": "## Official history\n\n\u003e 蘇秦弟:代厲\n\n— 史記/卷069[^zhengshi]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Died: 283 BC[^wikidata]\n- Birthplace: [[place_luoyang|Luoyang]][^wikidata]", "url": "/people/su-qin.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "death": { "year": -283, "display": "283 BC" }, "personCategory": "historical figure" }, { "id": "person_cn_q7268", "type": "person", "title": "Emperor Guangwu of Han", "slug": "emperor-guangwu-han", "aliases": [ "汉光武帝" ], "summary": "Emperor Guangwu of Han (4 BC – 57), emperor and founder of the Eastern Han Dynasty (5 BC - AD 57) (r. AD 25 - AD 57).", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q7268", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7268" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "汉光武帝（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E5%85%89%E6%AD%A6%E5%B8%9D" }, { "id": "zhengshi", "title": "后汉书/卷1上（维基文库）", "url": "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E5%BE%8C%E6%BC%A2%E6%9B%B8/%E5%8D%B71%E4%B8%8A" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:16:44+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 6, "body": "## Official history\n\nBiography in 后汉书/卷1上[^zhengshi].\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Born: 4 BC[^wikidata]\n- Died: 57[^wikidata]\n- Birthplace: [[place_cn_420683|Zaoyang City]][^wikidata]", "url": "/people/emperor-guangwu-han.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "birth": { "year": -4, "display": "4 BC" }, "death": { "year": 57, "display": "57" }, "personCategory": "historical figure" }, { "id": "person_cn_q7250699", "type": "person", "title": "Zhou Yin", "slug": "zhou-yin", "aliases": [ "周胤" ], "summary": "Zhou Yin (? – 239), a figure in Chinese history.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q7250699", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7250699" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "周胤（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E8%83%A4" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:16:43+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 5, "body": "## Basic facts\n\n- Died: 239[^wikidata]\n\n## Portrayals\n\n- [[person_cn_q124325353|Zhou Yin]] (character in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms)", "url": "/people/zhou-yin.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "death": { "year": 239, "display": "239" }, "personCategory": "historical figure" }, { "id": "person_cn_q716217", "type": "person", "title": "Song Yingxing", "slug": "song-yingxing", "aliases": [ "宋应星" ], "summary": "Song Yingxing (1587 – 1666), Chinese scholar (1587-1666).", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q716217", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q716217" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "宋应星（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%8B%E5%BA%94%E6%98%9F" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:16:41+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 6, "body": "## Basic facts\n\n- Born: 1587[^wikidata]\n- Died: 1666[^wikidata]\n- Birthplace: [[place_cn_360921|Fengxin County]][^wikidata]\n\n## Works\n\n- [[work_cn_q3275026|Tiangong Kaiwu]][^wikidata]", "url": "/people/song-yingxing.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "birth": { "year": 1587, "display": "1587" }, "death": { "year": 1666, "display": "1666" }, "personCategory": "historical figure" }, { "id": "person_cn_q7244", "type": "person", "title": "Emperor Ping of Han", "slug": "emperor-ping-han", "aliases": [ "汉平帝" ], "summary": "Emperor Ping of Han (8 BC – 6), emperor of the Han dynasty.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q7244", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7244" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "汉平帝（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E5%B9%B3%E5%B8%9D" }, { "id": "zhengshi", "title": "汉书·卷012（维基文库）", "url": "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E6%9B%B8/%E5%8D%B7012" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:16:41+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 6, "body": "## Official history\n\nBiography in 汉书·卷012[^zhengshi].\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Born: 8 BC[^wikidata]\n- Died: 6[^wikidata]\n- Birthplace: [[place_cn_130682|Dingzhou]][^wikidata]", "url": "/people/emperor-ping-han.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "birth": { "year": -8, "display": "8 BC" }, "death": { "year": 6, "display": "6" }, "personCategory": "historical figure" }, { "id": "person_cn_q701823", "type": "person", "title": "Gao Ding", "slug": "gao-ding", "aliases": [ "高定" ], "summary": "Gao Ding (? – 225), a figure in Chinese history.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q701823", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q701823" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "高定 (三国)（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%AE%9A_(%E4%B8%89%E5%9B%BD)" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:16:39+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 5, "body": "## Basic facts\n\n- Died: 225[^wikidata]\n\n## Portrayals\n\n- [[person_cn_q124424558|Gao Ding]] (character in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms)", "url": "/people/gao-ding.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "death": { "year": 225, "display": "225" }, "personCategory": "historical figure" }, { "id": "person_cn_q701895", "type": "person", "title": "Zhao Tuo", "slug": "zhao-tuo", "aliases": [ "赵佗" ], "summary": "Zhao Tuo (229 BC – 136 BC), emperor of Nanyue (Nam Việt).", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q701895", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q701895" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "赵佗（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B5%B5%E4%BD%97" }, { "id": "zhengshi", "title": "史記/卷113（维基文库）", "url": "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E5%8F%B2%E8%A8%98/%E5%8D%B7113" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:16:39+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 6, "body": "## Official history\n\nBiography in 史記/卷113[^zhengshi].\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Born: 229 BC[^wikidata]\n- Died: 136 BC[^wikidata]\n- Birthplace: [[place_cn_130123|Zhengding County]][^wikidata]", "url": "/people/zhao-tuo.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "birth": { "year": -229, "display": "229 BC" }, "death": { "year": -136, "display": "136 BC" }, "personCategory": "historical figure" } ], "siteStats": { "published": 82202, "relations": 78539, "tags": 43, "categories": 30, "types": [ { "key": "person", "label": "People", "count": 6704 }, { "key": "place", "label": "Places", "count": 58164 }, { "key": "event", "label": "Events", "count": 292 }, { "key": "organization", "label": "Organizations", "count": 3700 }, { "key": "work", "label": "Works", "count": 11908 }, { "key": "concept", "label": "Concepts", "count": 1434 } ], "languages": [ { "key": "zh", "label": "简体中文", "count": 82202 }, { "key": "en", "label": "English", "count": 48961 }, { "key": "ja", "label": "日本語", "count": 1158 }, { "key": "fr", "label": "Français", "count": 1064 }, { "key": "es", "label": "Español", "count": 1042 }, { "key": "it", "label": "Italiano", "count": 1021 }, { "key": "ms", "label": "Bahasa Melayu", "count": 997 }, { "key": "ar", "label": "العربية", "count": 993 }, { "key": "id", "label": "Bahasa Indonesia", "count": 990 }, { "key": "ru", "label": "Русский", "count": 987 }, { "key": "hi", "label": "हिन्दी", "count": 985 }, { "key": "th", "label": "ไทย", "count": 984 }, { "key": "pt", "label": "Português", "count": 972 }, { "key": "de", "label": "Deutsch", "count": 970 }, { "key": "nl", "label": "Nederlands", "count": 970 }, { "key": "vi", "label": "Tiếng Việt", "count": 962 }, { "key": "ko", "label": "한국어", "count": 961 }, { "key": "tr", "label": "Türkçe", "count": 952 }, { "key": "zh-hant", "label": "繁體中文", "count": 920 } ] }, "lang": "en", "pagination": { "page": 465, "pageSize": 100, "total": 50001, "pageCount": 501, "prevUrl": "/en/index-464.json", "nextUrl": "/en/index-466.json" } }