{
  "contentStorage": "postgres",
  "title": "People",
  "url": "/en/people-4.html",
  "entities": [
    {
      "id": "person_cn_q1077571",
      "type": "person",
      "title": "Yu Fan",
      "slug": "yu-fan-q1077571",
      "aliases": [
        "虞翻"
      ],
      "summary": "Yu Fan (164–233), courtesy name Zhongxiang, from Yuyao in Kuaiji, was a classical scholar and official of Eastern Wu, learned in the Book of Changes and also skilled in medicine. His blunt remonstrance offended Sun Quan; he was exiled to Jing county in Danyang and later to Jiaozhou, where he taught for more than ten years and died at seventy.",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-history"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-ancient-china"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "wikidata",
          "title": "Wikidata Q1077571",
          "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1077571"
        },
        {
          "id": "zhwiki",
          "title": "虞翻（维基百科）",
          "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%99%9E%E7%BF%BB"
        },
        {
          "id": "zhengshi",
          "title": "三国志/卷57（维基文库）",
          "url": "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%9C%8B%E5%BF%97/%E5%8D%B757"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-10-25",
      "updatedAt": "2026-10-25",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 5,
      "body": "Yu Fan was a classical scholar and official of Eastern Wu in the Three Kingdoms period. The Records of the Three Kingdoms say his courtesy name was Zhongxiang and that he came from Yuyao in Kuaiji. Wikidata's Chinese label is also Yu Fan, so the heading stays the personal name. This entry records his life as 164 to 233, with a birthplace at present-day Yuyao in Zhejiang.[^wikidata][^zhengshi]\n\n## Early years and Sun Ce\n\nThe Records say that Wang Lang, grand administrator of Kuaiji, made him a clerk of merit. When Sun Ce marched on Kuaiji Yu Fan was in mourning for his father. He came to the office gate in mourning dress, took it off to go in, and urged Wang Lang to avoid Sun Ce. Wang Lang would not listen, was defeated and fled by sea. Yu Fan followed and protected him as far as Houguan, where the county chief shut the gates until Yu Fan went and persuaded him to let them in. Wang Lang then told Yu Fan that he had an old mother and should go home. After he returned, Sun Ce reappointed him clerk of merit and treated him as a friend, even visiting his house. Sun Ce liked riding out to hunt, and Yu Fan warned him that a ruler who is not grave has no authority; Sun Ce agreed that he was right. Yu Fan later became chief of Fuchun. When Sun Ce died and the officials of the counties all wanted to go to the funeral, Yu Fan said hill people in neighboring counties might cause trouble and stayed to mourn in his own county. The other counties followed, and the region stayed calm. The province later recommended him as a talented scholar, the Han court summoned him as imperial censor, and Cao Cao called him to the office of the minister of works, but he took none of these posts.[^zhengshi]\n\n## Under Sun Quan\n\nSun Quan made him cavalry commandant. He repeatedly remonstrated to Sun Quan's face and Sun Quan was not pleased. He was also out of step with the customs of the day and was often slandered, and was exiled to Jing county in Danyang. When Lü Meng planned to take Guan Yu's territory, he feigned illness and went back to Jianye, and asked to take Yu Fan along on the grounds that Yu Fan knew medicine, which was also a way to have him released. When Lü Meng's army went up west and the grand administrator of Nan commandery, Mi Fang, opened the city to surrender, Lü Meng played music on the sand before taking the city. Yu Fan reminded him that not everyone in the city could be trusted and that he should go in and take control first. Lü Meng followed this, and there turned out to be an ambush in the city that his warning prevented. After Guan Yu's defeat Sun Quan had him divine, and he said that within two days Guan Yu would be beheaded, which came true. Sun Quan said he was no match for Fu Xi but could be compared to Dongfang Shuo.[^zhengshi]\n\n## Blunt speech and its cost\n\nThe Records tell how the Wei general Yu Jin had been taken prisoner by Guan Yu, and Sun Quan freed him and rode out with him side by side. Yu Fan rebuked Yu Jin as a surrendered captive who dared ride level with his lord and was about to strike him with a whip, but Sun Quan stopped him. Later Yu Jin wept at the music at a banquet on the ship, and Yu Fan said he was seeking pardon by pretense, which displeased Sun Quan. After Sun Quan became King of Wu, at the end of a feast he rose to pour wine himself, and Yu Fan lay on the floor pretending to be drunk and would not take it. When Sun Quan left, Yu Fan got up and sat again. Sun Quan was furious and drew his sword to strike him. The minister of agriculture Liu Ji got up and held him back with a remonstrance, and Yu Fan was spared. Meeting Mi Fang on the river, he once shouted at him that one who had lost loyalty and good faith had no right to serve a lord, and when a gate was shut against his carriage at Mi Fang's camp, he again protested, so that Mi Fang looked ashamed. He was open and had many lapses when drunk. When Sun Quan and Zhang Zhao spoke of immortals, he pointed at Zhang Zhao and said they were all dead men talking about immortals, and that there were no immortals in the world. Sun Quan's anger had piled up over time, and he finally moved Yu Fan to Jiaozhou.[^zhengshi]\n\n## Exile and death\n\nThe Records say that although he was in exile he never tired of teaching, and often had several hundred pupils. He also wrote commentaries on the Laozi, the Analects and the Guoyu that were passed down. The notes quote the Fan Biezhuan with his memorial on his own commentary on the Changes and another pointing out errors in Zheng Xuan's commentary on the Book of Documents. He spent more than ten years in the south and died at seventy. His body was returned to his old grave and his wife and children were allowed to go home. The Jiangbiao zhuan in the notes says that when Sun Quan's expedition to Liaodong lost many men in a storm, he regretted it, called Yu Fan a straight speaker and the Zhou She of the state, and ordered him found, but Yu Fan had already died.[^zhengshi]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Name: Yu Fan[^zhengshi]\n- Courtesy name: Zhongxiang[^zhengshi]\n- Dates recorded on this entry: 164–233[^wikidata]\n- Home: Yuyao, Kuaiji[^zhengshi]\n- Birthplace: [[place_cn_330281|Yuyao]][^wikidata]\n- Affiliation: Eastern Wu[^wikidata]\n- Portrayal: [[person_cn_q123785755|Yu Fan]] (a character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms)",
      "url": "/people/yu-fan-q1077571.html",
      "lang": "en",
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh",
        "en"
      ],
      "birth": {
        "year": 164,
        "display": "164"
      },
      "death": {
        "year": 233,
        "display": "233"
      },
      "personCategory": "historical figure"
    },
    {
      "id": "person_cn_q10788075",
      "type": "person",
      "title": "Li Wan",
      "slug": "li-wan-q10788075",
      "aliases": [
        "李纨"
      ],
      "summary": "Li Wan, courtesy name Gongcai, is a character in Dream of the Red Chamber and one of the Twelve Beauties of Jinling in the main register. She is the wife of Jia Zhu, the eldest son of Jia Zheng. Widowed young, she raised her posthumous son Jia Lan, was kind and did not interfere much, was called the Great Bodhisattva, and served as head of the Begonia Poetry Club under the name Daoxiang Laonong.",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-literature"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-fictional-character",
        "tag-classics"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "wikidata",
          "title": "Wikidata Q10788075",
          "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10788075"
        },
        {
          "id": "zhwiki",
          "title": "李纨（维基百科）",
          "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E7%B4%88"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-10-25",
      "updatedAt": "2026-10-25",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 9,
      "body": "Li Wan is a character in the novel Dream of the Red Chamber. Wikidata's Chinese label and the Chinese Wikipedia article title are Li Wan, in traditional characters in one form and simplified in the other, and the article gives her courtesy name as Gongcai. It is her name in the book, so the heading stays the same. She is one of the Twelve Beauties of Jinling in the main register. Wikidata records the setting as the dynasty of the novel.[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n\n## Family and marriage\n\nAccording to the Chinese Wikipedia article, Li Wan came from an official family of Jinling. Her father, Li Shouzhong, was chancellor of the imperial academy and held that a woman without talent is a woman of virtue, so he did not much let his daughter study. He taught her works such as the Biographies of Exemplary Women and the Collection of Worthy Ladies so that she would know a few characters and remember a few virtuous women of past ages, and put more weight on needlework and womanly conduct, hence the name Li Wan and the courtesy name Gongcai. She married Jia Zhu, eldest son of Jia Zheng of the Rongguo house, who died of illness early and left a posthumous son, Jia Lan. She was widowed at seventeen or eighteen, kept strictly to her place and spoke and acted with care, so that her face became wasted. She knew only how to serve her elders and raise her son, and in public to keep her sisters-in-law company at needlework and reading. In the Jia house she was called Mrs Li, Zhu's daughter-in-law, or Zhu's Eldest Lady. The article says that because she had always been virtuous and kept her widowhood from youth, the Lady Dowager and Lady Wang respected her, and she also drew the largest monthly allowance in the garden, nominally ten taels of silver.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Temperament and conduct\n\nThe article says she was kind to servants and did not interfere much, so she was called the Great Bodhisattva. When Wang Xifeng was ill and recovering, she asked Li Wan, Jia Tanchun and Xue Baochai to run the Jia household, and the servants called them the three Taisui who guard the mountain. In chapter 7, when Aunt Xue had Zhou Rui's wife deliver palace flowers to most of the young ladies in the garden, Li Wan alone was passed over. In winter, when the sisters all wore scarlet wool-felt and feather satin cloaks, she wore a plain dark-blue woollen jacket, and Zhiyan zhai commented that it showed her nature. When Tanchun proposed the poetry club, Li Wan became its head with the name Daoxiang Laonong, and although she had the largest income in the garden she lived frugally and asked Wang Xifeng to be the supervising censor who paid for it. In chapter 45 she argues with Wang Xifeng, speaking up for Ping'er too, which shows a more emotional side and a tongue no less quick than Xifeng's. She is close to Ping'er and dislikes Miaoyu. The only complete poem by her is the Grand View Garden inscription written for Jia Yuanchun's visit. In chapter 63, at the flower-drawing game, she draws an old plum, a symbol of chastity.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Verse, song and ending\n\nThe article says her fate verse is the eleventh in the main register of the Twelve Beauties, with a picture of a pot of flourishing orchid and beside it a woman in phoenix crown and robe, and the poem says that peach and plum bear fruit in the spring wind but in the end none can compare to a pot of orchid. The matching song is The Late Glorious Years. The standard last forty chapters do not state her ending: after Lin Daiyu died she helped manage the funeral, and her son Jia Lan went to the capital with Baoyu for the examinations and in chapter 119 passed as the one hundred and thirtieth juren. The article says that readers speculate her end was a reward after hardship, or that Jia Lan rose in the world and then died suddenly, leaving her bereaved in old age.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Critical readings\n\nThe article notes that most studies approach Li Wan through the influence of feudal ritual on her character, calling her a type of asceticism or a living specimen of the three obediences and four virtues, while in 1997 Hu Wenwei praised her for holding to principle and so meeting a good end. Ou Lijuan argues one should not stop at the author's flat portrayal of her; her home at Daoxiang Village is planted with hundreds of red apricot trees, which suggests warmth and passion, while the design of green hills slanting across it suggests the restraint of ritual on her, so that she is a dormant volcano that is not fully extinct. Ji Xueyuan points out that her life in the garden shows much vitality, and that the division of tasks and the rules of the Begonia Poetry Club were her proposals.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Name: Li Wan, courtesy name Gongcai, also called Zhu's Eldest Lady[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n- Role: wife of Jia Zhu, mother of Jia Lan, one of the Twelve Beauties of Jinling[^zhwiki]\n- Setting recorded on this entry: the dynasty of the novel[^wikidata]\n- Appears in: [[work_cn_q8265|Dream of the Red Chamber]][^zhwiki]",
      "url": "/people/li-wan-q10788075.html",
      "lang": "en",
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh",
        "en"
      ],
      "disambiguation": "Character in Dream of the Red Chamber",
      "isFictional": true,
      "personCategory": "literary character"
    },
    {
      "id": "person_cn_q108030125",
      "type": "person",
      "title": "Hei Fengguai",
      "slug": "hei-fengguai-q108030125",
      "aliases": [
        "黑熊精"
      ],
      "summary": "The Black Bear Spirit, also called the Black Wind Demon, is a monster in Journey to the West who lives in a cave on Black Wind Mountain and wields a black-tasseled spear. He steals Tang Sanzang's brocade cassock and clashes with Sun Wukong, and is finally subdued by Sun Wukong and the bodhisattva Guanyin, who takes him on as a guardian of the mountain.",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-literature"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-fictional-character",
        "tag-classics"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "wikidata",
          "title": "Wikidata Q108030125",
          "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q108030125"
        },
        {
          "id": "zhwiki",
          "title": "黑熊精（维基百科）",
          "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E7%86%8A%E7%B2%BE"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-10-25",
      "updatedAt": "2026-10-25",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 3,
      "body": "The Black Bear Spirit is a character in Journey to the West. Wikidata records him as a character of the novel with the Chinese label Black Bear Spirit, other names such as the Bear Monster, and the English alias Black Wind Demon. This is a monster's title in the novel and not a verified personal name, so the heading is left as it was.[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n\n## In the book\n\nThe Chinese Wikipedia list of Journey to the West characters has a section on the Black Wind Monster (the Black Bear Spirit), to which this entry corresponds. According to that section, the Black Wind Monster lives in a cave on Black Wind Mountain and is a dark-skinned big man with a black-tasseled spear. Unlike ordinary monsters, he is rather good-natured and is friends with the elder Jinchi of the Guanyin Monastery. When he sees the monastery on fire, he rushes to help put it out, but on the way he spots Tang Sanzang's brocade cassock, conceives a wicked plan and steals it, and so clashes with Sun Wukong. In the end he is subdued by a trick of Sun Wukong and the bodhisattva Guanyin, and Guanyin takes him on as a guardian spirit of the mountain.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Companions\n\nThe same section says the scholar in white (a white snake spirit) and Lingxuzi (a gray wolf spirit) are friends of the Black Wind Monster, and both are killed by Sun Wukong.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Names: Black Bear Spirit, also called Black Wind Monster or Bear Monster[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n- Category: character of Journey to the West[^wikidata]\n- Dwelling: a cave on Black Wind Mountain[^zhwiki]\n- Appears in: [[work_cn_q70784|Journey to the West]][^zhwiki]",
      "url": "/people/hei-fengguai-q108030125.html",
      "lang": "en",
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh",
        "en"
      ],
      "disambiguation": "Character in Journey to the West",
      "isFictional": true,
      "personCategory": "literary character"
    },
    {
      "id": "person_cn_q10825805",
      "type": "person",
      "title": "Taiyi Zhenren",
      "slug": "taiyi-zhenren-q10825805",
      "aliases": [
        "太乙救苦天尊"
      ],
      "summary": "Taiyi Jiuku Tianzun, also called the Great Emperor of Green Splendor of the Eastern Pole, is a Daoist deity who lives in the Miaoyan palace of the Qinghua Changle realm and delivers suffering souls. He is pictured riding a nine-headed lion with a willow branch and purifying water, and appears in Journey to the West.",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-literature"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-fictional-character",
        "tag-classics"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "wikidata",
          "title": "Wikidata Q10825805",
          "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10825805"
        },
        {
          "id": "zhwiki",
          "title": "太乙救苦天尊（维基百科）",
          "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E4%B9%99%E6%95%91%E8%8B%A6%E5%A4%A9%E5%B0%8A"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-10-25",
      "updatedAt": "2026-10-25",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 3,
      "body": "Taiyi Jiuku Tianzun is a major Daoist deity. The name is a divine title and not a person's name. Wikidata's Chinese label for this item is Taiyi Zhenren, described there as a character of Investiture of the Gods, which does not match the Chinese Wikipedia article title, so there is no single verifiable personal name and the heading stays as it was. The rest of this entry follows the Chinese Wikipedia article.[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n\n## Titles and dwelling\n\nAccording to the Chinese Wikipedia article, he is also called the Great Emperor of Green Splendor of the Eastern Pole, the Heavenly Venerable Who Answers Cries to Relieve Suffering, the Supreme Emperor of the Nine Yang of Green Mystery, and the Heavenly Venerable Who Relieves Suffering in the Ten Directions. Daoist scriptures say he lives in the Miaoyan palace in the Qinghua Changle realm and leads suffering souls to rebirth, and that for those who have stored up merit, understood the Dao and perfected their practice he rides a chariot of nine lions and scatters the light of a hundred treasures to receive them as immortals in heaven. Because he is as merciful as a father and lives in the Miaoyan palace of the east, Daoism honors him as Supreme Emperor of Green Splendor of the Eastern Pole or Merciful Father of the Eastern Palace. The Taiyi Jiuku Hushen Miaojing says that in heaven he is called the Blessed God Taiyi, in the world the Great Merciful One, in hell the Emperor of the Sun, among the heterodox the Lion Bright King, and in the water palace the Emperor of Deep Pool. In danger on mountain or sea, one need only devoutly recite his name to be freed from sorrow and turn ill luck to good, hence he is the one who hears the voice and relieves suffering.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Origins\n\nThe article says the cult is related to the worship of the Eastern Sovereign Taiyi and the Eastern King Father popular in the state of Chu before the Qin, that it is hard to say when it took shape, but that it certainly existed in the Six Dynasties and perhaps as early as the Eastern Han. From the Tang to the early Song it also influenced Buddhism, for instance the practice of rites on the seventh and hundredth days for the dead in the Ten Kings Sutra copied by Zang Chuan in the early Tang, which comes from a Daoist scripture.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Images\n\nThe article describes several types of image. In the Daoist lord type he stands on lotuses in a halo of light, holding a willow branch and purifying water, with nine-headed lions at his sides spitting flame. The Shangqing Lingbao Dafa says he rides a nine-headed lion and takes the form of the Ten-Direction Relief Heavenly Venerable to deliver ghosts, and that the lion's roar can open the gates of hell. The willow branch and water are the healing potion of the world. The article says the earliest surviving stone image of the Relieving Suffering Venerable is niche 62 at the Xuanmiao temple in Anyue, Sichuan, cut in 730. There is also an imperial type in robes and crown, holding a jade tablet on a dragon throne, called the Great Emperor of Green Splendor. According to the Miaojing he has transformations as numerous as the sands of the Ganges, sometimes dwelling in heaven, descending among people or living in hell, as a youth or maiden, an emperor or sage, answering the need of each being.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Festivals and rites\n\nThe article records that his birthday is the eleventh day of the eleventh month, that the day he attained the Dao is the eighth day of the eighth month, and that he descends the next day to relieve suffering. Under Emperor Zhenzong of the Song, the ninth day of the eighth month became his official birthday, called Yuancheng Festival. Large Daoist temples generally honor him, and ordinary people offer his image, tablet or incense at ancestor rites such as Qingming, Zhongyuan and Chongyang, or at rites of offering and deliverance. Rites for deliverance such as the Treasure Repentance for Crossing the Blood Lake, Lingbao Refining and the Nine Dark Lamp Rite take him as the chief deity. The article adds that, according to the Complete Collection of Ten Kings' Memorials, the Ten-Direction Relief Venerable also takes the form of the Ten Kings of the underworld so as to govern the spirits of the nine dark realms.[^zhwiki]\n\n## In literature\n\nThe article says that in Wu Cheng'en's Journey to the West the Venerable is portrayed as dignified and splendid. His mount, the lion Jiuling Yuansheng, came down to cause trouble for Tang Sanzang's journey, and Sun Wukong went to find the Venerable, who was seated high on a nine-colored lotus seat in a hundred million auspicious rays and came down to greet him.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Divine title: Taiyi Jiuku Tianzun, also called the Great Emperor of Green Splendor of the Eastern Pole and others[^zhwiki]\n- Category: Daoist deity[^zhwiki]\n- Dwelling: Miaoyan palace in the Qinghua Changle realm[^zhwiki]\n- Wikidata's Chinese label: Taiyi Zhenren (differs from the article title)[^wikidata]",
      "url": "/people/taiyi-zhenren-q10825805.html",
      "lang": "en",
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh",
        "en"
      ],
      "disambiguation": "Character in Investiture of the Gods and Journey to the West",
      "isFictional": true,
      "personCategory": "literary character"
    },
    {
      "id": "person_cn_q108419891",
      "type": "person",
      "title": "Jia Fu",
      "slug": "jia-fu-q108419891",
      "aliases": [
        "贾敷"
      ],
      "summary": "Jia Fu is a character in Dream of the Red Chamber, the eldest son of Jia Daihua of the Ningguo house and the elder brother of Jia Jing, who the book says died young. He is mentioned in chapter 2 as the eldest of the senior branch of the Ning house.",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-literature"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-fictional-character",
        "tag-classics"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "wikidata",
          "title": "Wikidata Q108419891",
          "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q108419891"
        },
        {
          "id": "zhwiki",
          "title": "贾敷（维基百科）",
          "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B4%BE%E6%95%B7"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-10-25",
      "updatedAt": "2026-10-25",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 5,
      "body": "Jia Fu is a character in the novel Dream of the Red Chamber. Wikidata's Chinese label is Jia Fu, in traditional characters in one form and simplified in the other. It records him as a character of the novel, set in the dynasty of the novel, and it is his name in the book, so the heading stays the same. Wikidata also records his father as Jia Daihua and his brother as Jia Jing.[^wikidata]\n\n## His place in the book\n\nThe Chinese Wikipedia list of Dream of the Red Chamber characters places Jia Fu among the generation whose names carry the radical 攵, and describes him as the eldest of the senior branch of the Ning house, the eldest son of Jia Daihua and the elder brother of Jia Jing, who died young. His first appearance is in chapter 2. The same list says under Jia Daihua that his sons were Jia Fu and Jia Jing. The list records nothing more about him, so nothing further is added here.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Name: Jia Fu (traditional form 賈敷)[^wikidata]\n- Family: Ningguo house, eldest son of Jia Daihua and elder brother of Jia Jing[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n- Fate: died young[^zhwiki]\n- First appearance: chapter 2[^zhwiki]\n- Setting recorded on this entry: the dynasty of the novel[^wikidata]\n- Appears in: [[work_cn_q8265|Dream of the Red Chamber]][^zhwiki]",
      "url": "/people/jia-fu-q108419891.html",
      "lang": "en",
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh",
        "en"
      ],
      "disambiguation": "Character in Dream of the Red Chamber",
      "isFictional": true,
      "personCategory": "literary character"
    },
    {
      "id": "person_cn_q10855421",
      "type": "person",
      "title": "Ge Ding",
      "slug": "ge-ding-q10855421",
      "aliases": [
        "戈定"
      ],
      "summary": "Ge Ding is a fictional character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms, from Donglai commandery in Qing province, a fellow townsman and subordinate officer of Taishi Ci. Sent by Taishi Ci into Hefei to set a fire, he was found out by Zhang Liao, captured by Li Dian, and beheaded in front of Zhang Liao's horse.",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-literature"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-fictional-character",
        "tag-classics"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "wikidata",
          "title": "Wikidata Q10855421",
          "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10855421"
        },
        {
          "id": "zhwiki",
          "title": "戈定（维基百科）",
          "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%88%88%E5%AE%9A"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-10-25",
      "updatedAt": "2026-10-25",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 3,
      "body": "Ge Ding is a fictional character in the chapter-novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Wikidata's Chinese label and the Chinese Wikipedia article title are both Ge Ding, and Wikidata records him as a fictional character, a soldier, set in Han, so the heading stays the same.[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n\n## In the novel\n\nAccording to the Chinese Wikipedia article, Ge Ding comes from Donglai commandery in Qing province, and is a fellow townsman and subordinate officer of Taishi Ci under Sun Quan. His brother is the stable hand who feeds the horses under Zhang Liao, who is guarding Hefei for Cao Cao. On Taishi Ci's orders Ge Ding slips into Hefei, where Taishi Ci has him set fire to the stables so that an attack from inside and outside can take the city and kill Zhang Liao. Zhang Liao keeps calm, sees through the plan, and Li Dian captures Ge Ding and his brother. After learning the facts Zhang Liao has Ge Ding beheaded in front of his horse. Zhang Liao then sets a trap for Taishi Ci, who is badly wounded and dies after returning to camp. The article records nothing more about him.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Name: Ge Ding[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n- Category: fictional character, soldier[^wikidata]\n- Home: Donglai commandery, Qing province[^zhwiki]\n- Allegiance: under Taishi Ci[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n- Setting recorded on this entry: Han[^wikidata]\n- Appears in: [[work_cn_q70806|Romance of the Three Kingdoms]][^zhwiki]",
      "url": "/people/ge-ding-q10855421.html",
      "lang": "en",
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh",
        "en"
      ],
      "disambiguation": "Character in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms",
      "isFictional": true,
      "personCategory": "literary character"
    },
    {
      "id": "person_cn_q10856201",
      "type": "person",
      "title": "Lu Xun",
      "slug": "lu-xun-q10856201",
      "aliases": [
        "卢逊"
      ],
      "summary": "Lu Xun (the fictional one) is a character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms, a Shu Han guard commander of Nanzheng pass. In chapter 116 he beats back the Wei vanguard under Xu Yi with Zhuge's repeating crossbows and makes Zhong Hui retreat, but is shot dead by Xun Kai while pursuing, and the pass then falls.",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-literature"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-fictional-character",
        "tag-classics"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "wikidata",
          "title": "Wikidata Q10856201",
          "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10856201"
        },
        {
          "id": "zhwiki",
          "title": "卢逊（维基百科）",
          "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%A2%E9%80%8A"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-10-25",
      "updatedAt": "2026-10-25",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 3,
      "body": "Lu Xun, the fictional character, appears in the chapter-novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Wikidata's Chinese label is Lu Xun, with the traditional form 盧遜, and it records him as a fictional character and Shu Han general, with a death year of 263. The heading therefore stays the same.[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n\n## In the novel\n\nAccording to the Chinese Wikipedia list of fictional Three Kingdoms characters, Lu Xun appears in chapter 116 of the novel as the guard commander of Nanzheng pass in Shu Han, who meets the Wei army led by Zhong Hui. He lays an ambush and uses Zhuge's repeating crossbows, and beats the Wei vanguard Xu Yi at the wooden bridge in front of the pass. When Zhong Hui himself comes to look with a hundred or so armored men from his tent, Lu Xun has his soldiers fire the repeating crossbows in a volley, Zhong Hui turns his horse back, and the Wei army is badly beaten. Lu Xun leads troops across the bridge in pursuit, Zhong Hui whips his horse over the bridge and the horse falls into a pit, so Zhong Hui abandons it and goes on foot. Lu Xun catches up and thrusts a spear, but the Wei soldier Xun Kai turns and shoots an arrow that hits Lu Xun, who falls from his horse and dies. After Nanzheng pass falls, Zhong Hui promotes Xun Kai to guard commander and has Xu Yi tried and put to death. The list records nothing more about him.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Name: Lu Xun (traditional form 盧遜)[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n- Category: fictional character, Shu Han general[^wikidata]\n- Died: 263, in the story[^wikidata]\n- Post: guard commander of Nanzheng pass[^zhwiki]\n- Appears in: [[work_cn_q70806|Romance of the Three Kingdoms]][^zhwiki]",
      "url": "/people/lu-xun-q10856201.html",
      "lang": "en",
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh",
        "en"
      ],
      "death": {
        "year": 263,
        "display": "263"
      },
      "disambiguation": "Character in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms",
      "isFictional": true,
      "personCategory": "literary character"
    },
    {
      "id": "person_cn_q1085823",
      "type": "person",
      "title": "Xuanzang",
      "slug": "xuanzang-q1085823",
      "aliases": [
        "唐三藏"
      ],
      "summary": "Tang Sanzang, also called Tang Seng, is a main character of Journey to the West and the master of Sun Wukong, Zhu Wuneng, Sha Wujing and the White Dragon Horse. His prototype is the Tang monk Xuanzang. In the novel he is kind, merciful and firm of will, though sometimes pedantic, and after the pilgrimage is made the Buddha of Sandalwood Merit.",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-literature"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-fictional-character",
        "tag-classics"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "wikidata",
          "title": "Wikidata Q1085823",
          "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1085823"
        },
        {
          "id": "zhwiki",
          "title": "唐三藏（维基百科）",
          "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%94%90%E4%B8%89%E8%97%8F"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-10-25",
      "updatedAt": "2026-10-25",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 3,
      "body": "Tang Sanzang is a main character of Journey to the West. Wikidata's Chinese label and the Chinese Wikipedia article title are both Tang Sanzang, and other names are recorded, such as Tang Seng, Xuanzang, Chen Xuanzang and Jiangliu. The article explains that Sanzang fashi is a respectful term for a monk versed in the three collections of sutra, vinaya and abhidharma, and that calling him Tang Sanzang honors him as the Tripitaka master of the Tang state, which also avoids using his personal name, so it is not a personal name. No single personal name has been established for the figure in the novel, so the heading stays as it was.[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n\n## Prototype and portrayal\n\nAccording to the Chinese Wikipedia article, the prototype of Tang Seng, Tang Sanzang, is the Tang monk Xuanzang, and the Song text Da Tang Sanzang qujing shihua also calls him Xuanzang. In the novel he is kind, merciful and firm of will, though sometimes he appears pedantic and unable to tell right from wrong. His treasures are the nine-ring staff and the brocade cassock given by the bodhisattva Guanyin, and at the end of the story he achieves the right fruit and is enfeoffed as the Buddha of Sandalwood Merit. The article also notes that among the sutras the historical Xuanzang translated, the Heart Sutra and the Medicine Buddha Sutra survive, that he traveled overland out of Xinjiang through the Pamirs to India, and that on his return he compiled the Great Tang Records on the Western Regions from what he saw and heard at the order of Emperor Taizong of Tang, and that in the mid-1560s the Ming writer Wu Cheng'en turned such stories into the chapter-novel Journey to the West.[^zhwiki]\n\n## On the term Sanzang\n\nThe article stresses that today the public, not knowing Buddhism and influenced by Journey to the West, often wrongly takes Sanzang to be a title belonging to Xuanzang alone. In fact Sanzang fashi is a term of respect, also Sanzang bhikshu or Sanzang holy teacher or simply Sanzang, and to confine the title to a single person is mistaken. It lists other famous Tripitaka masters in history, such as An Shigao of the Eastern Han, Kumarajiva and Faxian of the Eastern Jin, Gunabhadra of the Liu Song, Siksananda, Yijing and Amoghavajra of the Tang, and says Lingxian is the only Tripitaka master in Japanese history.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Name used: Tang Sanzang, also Tang Seng; prototype Xuanzang[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n- Category: novel character (Wikidata also records the name Chen Xuanzang)[^wikidata]\n- Role: bhikshu (monk)[^wikidata]\n- Birthplace according to Wikidata: Jiangzhou[^wikidata]\n- Setting recorded on this entry: Tang[^wikidata]\n- Appears in: [[work_cn_q70784|Journey to the West]][^zhwiki]",
      "url": "/people/xuanzang-q1085823.html",
      "lang": "en",
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh",
        "en"
      ],
      "disambiguation": "Character in Journey to the West",
      "isFictional": true,
      "personCategory": "mythological figure"
    },
    {
      "id": "person_cn_q10869235",
      "type": "person",
      "title": "Qiu Ben",
      "slug": "qiu-ben-q10869235",
      "aliases": [
        "丘本"
      ],
      "summary": "Qiu Ben is a fictional character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms who serves as Deng Ai's army supervisor in Wei's campaign to destroy Shu Han. At Mianzhu he advises Deng Ai to write to Zhuge Zhan urging surrender, and when that is refused, to win by a surprise force instead.",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-literature"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-fictional-character",
        "tag-classics"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "wikidata",
          "title": "Wikidata Q10869235",
          "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10869235"
        },
        {
          "id": "zhwiki",
          "title": "丘本（维基百科）",
          "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%98%E6%9C%AC"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-10-25",
      "updatedAt": "2026-10-25",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 3,
      "body": "Qiu Ben is a fictional character in the chapter-novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Wikidata's Chinese label and the Chinese Wikipedia article title are both Qiu Ben, and Wikidata records him as a fictional character and a general of Cao Wei, set in Great Wei, so the heading stays the same.[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n\n## In the novel\n\nAccording to the Chinese Wikipedia article, Qiu Ben serves as Deng Ai's army supervisor in Wei's war to destroy Shu Han, and the article notes that in the standard histories the army supervisor was Wei Guan. At Mianzhu, Qiu Ben advises Deng Ai to write to Zhuge Zhan urging him to surrender, and after the letter is refused he advises using a surprise force to win. The article gives chapter 117 of the novel as the source and records no home, dates or other deeds.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Name: Qiu Ben[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n- Category: fictional character, Cao Wei general[^wikidata]\n- Post: army supervisor to Deng Ai[^zhwiki]\n- Setting recorded on this entry: Great Wei[^wikidata]\n- Appears in: [[work_cn_q70806|Romance of the Three Kingdoms]][^zhwiki]",
      "url": "/people/qiu-ben-q10869235.html",
      "lang": "en",
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh",
        "en"
      ],
      "disambiguation": "Character in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms",
      "isFictional": true,
      "personCategory": "literary character"
    },
    {
      "id": "person_cn_q10871701",
      "type": "person",
      "title": "Xia Jingui",
      "slug": "xia-jingui-q10871701",
      "aliases": [
        "夏金桂"
      ],
      "summary": "Xia Jingui is the wife of Xue Pan in Dream of the Red Chamber, named for her family's osmanthus groves that supplied the palace. Spoiled by her widowed mother, she was overbearing, and after marrying into the Xue house she grew jealous of Xiangling, set her against Xue Pan and kept the household in uproar. In the Gao E continuation she tries to poison Xiangling and poisons herself instead.",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-literature"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-fictional-character",
        "tag-classics"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "wikidata",
          "title": "Wikidata Q10871701",
          "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10871701"
        },
        {
          "id": "zhwiki",
          "title": "夏金桂（维基百科）",
          "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%8F%E9%87%91%E6%A1%82"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-10-25",
      "updatedAt": "2026-10-25",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 3,
      "body": "Xia Jingui is a character in the novel Dream of the Red Chamber and the wife of Xue Pan. Wikidata's Chinese label and the Chinese Wikipedia article title are both Xia Jingui, and she is also called Jingui. It is her name in the book, so the heading stays the same. Wikidata records the setting as the dynasty of the novel.[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n\n## Background and temper\n\nAccording to the Chinese Wikipedia article, her family planted osmanthus in quantity and supplied the palace, which is how she came by the name Jingui (golden osmanthus). Her father died early, and as an only child she was spoiled by her widowed mother, who treated her as a treasure. She grew up with a temper like the bandit Zhi, regarding herself as a bodhisattva and others as filth.[^zhwiki]\n\n## In the Xue house\n\nThe article says that after she married into the Xue family she saw that Xue Pan doted on Xiangling and became fiercely jealous. She repeatedly pushed Xiangling about, and used her maid Baochan to come between Xiangling and Xue Pan, so that Xiangling was beaten by him. She asked who had ever smelled any fragrance in a water-chestnut flower, and changed Xiangling's name to Qiuling. Domineering and willful, she did as she pleased in the Xue house, even trading words with her mother-in-law through a window, so that the household had no peace, and she also tried to seduce Xue Ke.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Ending\n\nThe article records that in the Gao E continuation Xia Jingui tries to poison Xiangling and instead poisons herself.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Name: Xia Jingui, also called Jingui[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n- Role: wife of Xue Pan[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n- Setting recorded on this entry: the dynasty of the novel[^wikidata]\n- Appears in: [[work_cn_q8265|Dream of the Red Chamber]][^zhwiki]",
      "url": "/people/xia-jingui-q10871701.html",
      "lang": "en",
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh",
        "en"
      ],
      "disambiguation": "Character in Dream of the Red Chamber",
      "isFictional": true,
      "personCategory": "literary character"
    },
    {
      "id": "person_cn_q10875215",
      "type": "person",
      "title": "Taiyang Singjyun",
      "slug": "taiyang-singjyun-q10875215",
      "aliases": [
        "太阳星君"
      ],
      "summary": "The Sun Star Lord is the Daoist god of the sun, named Yuyi, in charge of the sun and also called the Sun Emperor or Lord Sun. Folk belief often blends him with Mahavairocana and the Sunlight Bodhisattva, and in Fujian and Taiwan he is worshipped on the nineteenth of the third month, a date some link to remembrance of the Chongzhen emperor.",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-literature"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-fictional-character",
        "tag-classics"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "wikidata",
          "title": "Wikidata Q10875215",
          "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10875215"
        },
        {
          "id": "zhwiki",
          "title": "太阳星君（维基百科）",
          "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E6%98%9F%E5%90%9B"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-10-25",
      "updatedAt": "2026-10-25",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 3,
      "body": "The Sun Star Lord is the Daoist god of the sun. The name is a divine title and not a person's name: the Chinese Wikipedia article says his name is Yuyi, a god's name in Daoism, so there is no single verifiable personal name and the heading is left as it was. Wikidata records the Chinese label as Taiyang Xingjun and classes the item as a deity. This site files the entry under Journey to the West, but the Wikipedia article is about the Sun Star Lord of Daoism and folk religion.[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n\n## Divine role and titles\n\nAccording to the Chinese Wikipedia article, the Sun Star Lord is named Yuyi, with a talisman character, and is the Daoist god of the sun, in charge of the sun. His full titles include the Sun Star Lord of Flaming Light of the Sun Palace and the Sun Emperor of the Sun Palace, and he is also called the Sun Emperor, the God of Great Brightness, Lord Sun, and the Sun Bodhisattva. The article says he also oversees the lords of the twenty-eight lunar mansions and the heavenly office that records stipends and lifespans, and inspects the merits and offenses of people and reports them to the Supreme Emperor, a record called the Register of the Sun Palace.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Origins and development of the cult\n\nThe article says that because the sun is a vital source of light and warmth, many peoples worship it. In China the sacrifice to the sun god is said to date from the time of Yan Di Shennong, and the ritual of sacrificing to the sun appeared by the Qin and Han at the latest, for instance in the Book of Rites, which records sacrificing to the sun in the eastern suburb. People often blend the Sun Star Lord with the Buddhist Mahavairocana, Amitabha and Sunlight Bodhisattva, or take the sun god as a manifestation of those figures. In Investiture of the Gods, the Shang loyal minister Bi Gan is enfeoffed as the Sun Star among the three hundred and sixty-five true gods. The article says old accounts give the winter solstice or the nineteenth of the eleventh month as the Sun Emperor's birthday, and the first of the second month as the day he inspects good and evil among people, but most almanacs now give the nineteenth of the third lunar month. Lian Heng's History of Taiwan holds that this date is actually tied to secret worship of the Ming Chongzhen emperor, since on the nineteenth of the third month of the seventeenth year of Chongzhen (25 April 1644) Li Zicheng entered Yan, and the emperor hanged himself on Coal Hill.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Images and worship\n\nThe article describes the images as normally human, with a red face and red beard, holding a token of the sun. Some images show a figure with loose hair, a long staff in one hand and a Qiankun ring in the other, standing barefoot on a small hill, said to allude to how the Chongzhen emperor looked when he hanged himself. In Taiwan, the article says, several temples hold rites on the nineteenth of the third month, and in Tainan people used to set out incense tables and cakes called nine pigs and sixteen sheep. Three temples in Kaohsiung also take turns in worshipping Lord Sun. The article also lists temples in Taiwan, Malaysia and Singapore that honor the Sun Star Lord.[^zhwiki]\n\n## The True Scripture of the Sun Star Lord\n\nThe article says the True Scripture of the Sun Star Lord, also called the Sunlight Scripture, is a folk-religion text for worshipping the sun, of unknown authorship. According to elders in Shaoxing, Zhejiang, it was compiled by the third daughter of the Chongzhen emperor while living as a nun after the fall of the Ming, and some scholars think it may come from the Heaven and Earth Society, which sought to restore the Ming. Researchers point out that words in the scripture such as the repeated \"ming\" and \"Pearl Light Buddha\" hide a longing for the Ming, and Lin Hualing's study at the National University of Tainan holds that the scripture originally said the sun lord was born on the nineteenth of the eleventh month, and that elements of the Chongzhen emperor were added later until the date shifted to the nineteenth of the third.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Divine title: Sun Star Lord, named Yuyi[^zhwiki]\n- Other names: Sun Emperor, Lord Sun, God of Great Brightness and others[^zhwiki]\n- Category: deity (Wikidata)[^wikidata]\n- Birthday: most often given as the nineteenth of the third lunar month[^zhwiki]\n- Related on this site: [[work_cn_q70784|Journey to the West]]",
      "url": "/people/taiyang-singjyun-q10875215.html",
      "lang": "en",
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh",
        "en"
      ],
      "disambiguation": "Character in Journey to the West",
      "isFictional": true,
      "personCategory": "mythological figure"
    },
    {
      "id": "person_cn_q10878505",
      "type": "person",
      "title": "Qiao Lie",
      "slug": "qiao-lie-q10878505",
      "aliases": [
        "乔冽"
      ],
      "summary": "Qiao Lie is a character in the novel Water Margin, a native of Jingyuan in Shaanxi. His religious name is Daoqing, so he is also called Qiao Daoqing, and he is known as the Illusion Demon Lord. He commands illusory arts that call wind and rain, serves the rebel Tian Hu, and is subdued by Gongsun Sheng.",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-literature"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-fictional-character",
        "tag-classics"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "wikidata",
          "title": "Wikidata Q10878505",
          "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10878505"
        },
        {
          "id": "zhwiki",
          "title": "乔冽（维基百科）",
          "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B9%94%E5%86%BD"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-10-25",
      "updatedAt": "2026-10-25",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 3,
      "body": "Qiao Lie is a character in the novel Water Margin. Both Wikidata and the Chinese Wikipedia article are titled Qiao Lie, and Wikidata also lists the names Qiao Daoqing, Daoqing and the Illusion Demon Lord, so the heading stays the personal name. The story is set in the Song dynasty.[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n\n## Background\n\nThe article says he was a native of Jingyuan in Shaanxi and took the religious name Daoqing, which is why he is also called Qiao Daoqing. At eight he travelled to Mount Kongtong, where an unusual master taught him illusory arts. From then on he could call wind and rain and ride the mist and clouds, and people called him the Illusion Demon Lord. Later he fell into a quarrel, beat a man so badly that he died, and was sought by the authorities. He fled home and changed his name to Quanzhen.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Under Tian Hu\n\nWhen Tian Hu rose in revolt, he drew Qiao Lie into his band. Skilled in illusions, Qiao Lie helped him seize prefectures and counties and became his chief assistant, with the title True Man of Spiritual Response Who Protects the Realm. When Song Jiang led troops against Tian Hu, Qiao Lie was subdued by Gongsun Sheng.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Afterwards\n\nThe article says that during the campaign against Wang Qing, his old friend Sun An, who had also served Tian Hu, died of illness. Qiao Lie then went back to the mountains with Gongsun Sheng and Ma Ling to practise the Way, and took the master Luo as his teacher.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Description: character in Water Margin[^wikidata]\n- Other names: Qiao Daoqing, Daoqing, Illusion Demon Lord[^wikidata]\n- Setting recorded on this entry: the Song dynasty[^wikidata]\n- Appears in: [[work_cn_q70827|Water Margin]][^zhwiki]",
      "url": "/people/qiao-lie-q10878505.html",
      "lang": "en",
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh",
        "en"
      ],
      "disambiguation": "Character in Water Margin",
      "isFictional": true,
      "personCategory": "literary character"
    },
    {
      "id": "person_cn_q10884675",
      "type": "person",
      "title": "Ren Jun",
      "slug": "ren-jun-q10884675",
      "aliases": [
        "任峻"
      ],
      "summary": "Ren Jun (died 204), courtesy name Boda, was a man of Zhongmu in Henan who joined Cao Cao at the end of the Han. He managed arms and grain transport at Guandu and, as director of agricultural colonies, ran the military farming that filled Cao Cao's granaries. He died in the ninth year of Jian'an and was later given the posthumous title Marquis Cheng.",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-history"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-ancient-china"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "wikidata",
          "title": "Wikidata Q10884675",
          "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10884675"
        },
        {
          "id": "zhwiki",
          "title": "任峻（维基百科）",
          "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BB%BB%E5%B3%BB"
        },
        {
          "id": "zhengshi",
          "title": "三国志/卷16（维基文库）",
          "url": "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%9C%8B%E5%BF%97/%E5%8D%B716"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-10-25",
      "updatedAt": "2026-10-25",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 3,
      "body": "Ren Jun was an official who followed Cao Cao at the end of the Eastern Han. Chapter sixteen of the Records of the Three Kingdoms opens with the words that Ren Jun, courtesy name Boda, was a man of Zhongmu in Henan, and Wikidata's name is also Ren Jun, so the title stays the personal name. This entry records his death as 204, with no birth year.[^wikidata][^zhengshi]\n\n## Joining Cao Cao\n\nWhen the Han fell into disorder, Yang Yuan, magistrate of Zhongmu, grew frightened and wanted to abandon his post. Ren Jun told him that Dong Zhuo had begun the chaos, that the whole realm watched him with anger, and that nobody had yet dared to move first. If the magistrate would lead, others would answer. He proposed that Yang Yuan act provisionally as governor of Henan and combine the men fit for service in the dozen or so counties east of the pass. Yang Yuan followed the plan and made him registrar. Ren Jun drafted the memorial for Yang Yuan to act as governor, had the counties hold fast, and raised troops. Cao Cao then rose in the east and entered Zhongmu. While others did not know whom to follow, Ren Jun alone discussed it with Zhang Fen of the same commandery, and they brought the whole commandery over to Cao Cao. Ren Jun also gathered several hundred household soldiers from his kin and retainers and followed Cao Cao. Cao Cao was delighted, recommended him as cavalry commandant, gave him a cousin in marriage, and held him in close trust.[^zhengshi]\n\n## Colonies and army grain\n\nWhenever Cao Cao went on campaign, Ren Jun usually stayed behind and supplied the army. In a year of famine and drought the army's grain ran short. The Forest of Feathers Commandant Zao Zhi proposed military farming colonies, and Cao Cao made Ren Jun director of agricultural colonies. He recruited commoners to farm at Xu and obtained a million hu of grain. Farm officials were set up in every commandery and kingdom, and within a few years grain was stored everywhere and the granaries were full. At Guandu, Cao Cao put him in charge of arms and grain transport. The enemy raided and cut the supply route again and again, so Ren Jun grouped a thousand carts into one unit, moved ten columns side by side, and made a layered formation to guard them. The enemy did not dare come near. The Records say the abundance of the state began with Zao Zhi and was completed by Ren Jun. Because his merit was great, Cao Cao recommended him as Marquis of Duting with three hundred households and promoted him to colonel of the Changshui cavalry.[^zhengshi]\n\n## Character and afterwards\n\nThe Records describe him as generous and measured, and clear about the principles of affairs. Cao Cao usually approved what he proposed. In the famine he took in and supported the orphans of his friends and poor kin inside and outside the family, and he was praised for his good faith. He died in the ninth year of Jian'an, and Cao Cao wept for a long time. His son Ren Xian inherited the title. When Ren Xian died without a son, the fief was abolished. Emperor Wen later recorded the merits of the old officials, gave Ren Jun the posthumous title Marquis Cheng, and made his middle son Ren Lan a marquis within the passes.[^zhengshi]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Name: Ren Jun[^zhengshi]\n- Courtesy name: Boda[^zhengshi]\n- Death year: 204[^wikidata]\n- Birthplace: [[place_cn_410122|Zhongmu County]][^wikidata]\n- Occupation recorded on this entry: military officer under Cao Cao[^wikidata]\n- Portrayal: [[person_cn_q123759548|Ren Jun]] (a character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms)",
      "url": "/people/ren-jun-q10884675.html",
      "lang": "en",
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh",
        "en"
      ],
      "death": {
        "year": 204,
        "display": "204"
      },
      "personCategory": "historical figure"
    },
    {
      "id": "person_cn_q10885271",
      "type": "person",
      "title": "Fu Wan",
      "slug": "fu-wan-q10885271",
      "aliases": [
        "伏完"
      ],
      "summary": "Fu Wan (2nd century – 209) was an Eastern Han man of Dongwu in Langye and the father of Emperor Xian's Empress Fu, holding the title Marquis of Buqi. After Cao Cao took control he handed back his seals, and when his daughter urged him to plot against Cao Cao he did not dare. He died in 209, and five years later the empress was deposed and killed, along with over a hundred of her kin.",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-history"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-ancient-china"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "wikidata",
          "title": "Wikidata Q10885271",
          "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10885271"
        },
        {
          "id": "zhwiki",
          "title": "伏完（维基百科）",
          "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%8F%E5%AE%8C"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-10-25",
      "updatedAt": "2026-10-25",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 3,
      "body": "Fu Wan was an in-law of the imperial house at the end of the Eastern Han and the father of Empress Fu Shou, wife of Emperor Xian. Both Wikidata and the Chinese Wikipedia article are titled Fu Wan, so the heading stays the personal name. The structured record gives 150 as his birth year and 209 as his death year, while the Chinese Wikipedia article says only the 2nd century for his birth, and places him in the Eastern Han.[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n\n## Origins and offices\n\nThe article says he was a man of Dongwu in Langye, a descendant of the Western Han classicist Fu Sheng and a sixth-generation grandson of the Minister of the Masses Fu Zhan. His courtesy name is not known. The Fu family was a house of classical scholarship. He was deep and composed, with a large-minded character. He inherited the title Marquis of Buqi, married Princess Yang'an, Liu Hua, a daughter of Emperor Huan, and served as palace attendant. In the second year of Xingping (195), his daughter Fu Shou, born to Fan Ying, was made empress by Emperor Xian, and he became commandant of the capital guards. In the first year of Jian'an (196), when Cao Cao received the emperor, he was made general who assists the state, with ceremonial rank equal to the Three Excellencies.[^zhwiki]\n\n## After Cao Cao took control\n\nOnce the emperor had moved to Xu, Cao Cao made himself minister of works and held the government in his hands. Fu Wan returned his seals and became palace counsellor, and later commandant of the Tunji cavalry. In the fifth year of Jian'an (200), Dong Cheng and others failed in a plot to kill Cao Cao and were executed. Empress Fu wrote to her father asking him to plot Cao Cao's death, but Fu Wan did not dare. According to the Spring and Autumn of Emperor Xian, he also showed the letter to his wife's younger brother Fan Pu, who sealed it and told Cao Cao.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Death and aftermath\n\nFu Wan died in the fourteenth year of Jian'an (209), and his son Fu Dian inherited the marquisate. In the nineteenth year (214) the old scheme came to light. The empress was deposed and killed, over a hundred of her clan were killed, and her mother Fan Ying and eighteen others were exiled to Zhuo commandery. The article adds that his son Fu De, brother of the empress, had supported his sister the empress on the flight from Chang'an to Luoyang, carrying ten bolts of silk in one hand, and that he also died in this affair.[^zhwiki]\n\n## In the novel\n\nIn chapter 66 of Luo Guanzhong's Romance of the Three Kingdoms, the empress, angered by Cao Cao's arrogance, writes to Fu Wan through Mu Shun and plans to ally with Sun Quan and Liu Bei as outside support to remove Cao Cao. Cao Cao later finds Fu Wan's reply in Mu Shun's hair and has Hua Xin and Xi Lü kill the empress, Fu Wan and the whole clan. This is the novel's adaptation, and it differs from the biographical account above.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Dates recorded on this entry: 150 to 209 (birth year from the structured record)[^wikidata]\n- Occupation recorded on this entry: politician (Eastern Han)[^wikidata]\n- Portrayal: [[person_cn_q123908875|Fu Wan]] (a character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms)",
      "url": "/people/fu-wan-q10885271.html",
      "lang": "en",
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh",
        "en"
      ],
      "death": {
        "year": 209,
        "display": "209"
      },
      "personCategory": "historical figure"
    },
    {
      "id": "person_cn_q10886254",
      "type": "person",
      "title": "何曾",
      "slug": "q10886254",
      "summary": "何曾（199年—279年），字颍考，陈国阳夏人，曹魏、西晋重臣。他在魏末任司隶校尉，劝司马炎进位，入晋后官至太宰。《晋书》既称他至孝、闺门整肃，又记他饮食奢侈到“食日万钱”。",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-history"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-ancient-china"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "wikidata",
          "title": "Wikidata Q10886254",
          "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10886254"
        },
        {
          "id": "zhwiki",
          "title": "何曾（维基百科）",
          "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BD%95%E6%9B%BE"
        },
        {
          "id": "zhengshi",
          "title": "晋书·卷033（维基文库）",
          "url": "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%99%89%E6%9B%B8/%E5%8D%B7033"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-10-25",
      "updatedAt": "2026-10-25",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 5,
      "body": "何曾是三国时曹魏和西晋的重臣。《晋书》卷三十三写他“字颖考，陈国阳夏人”，维基数据的中文名也是何曾，所以标题仍用姓名。本条记他生于199年，卒于279年1月12日。[^wikidata][^zhengshi]\n\n## 出身与魏朝任官\n\n《晋书》说，他的父亲何夔是魏国太仆、阳武亭侯。何曾年少时就承袭了爵位，好学博闻，与同郡的袁侃齐名。魏明帝还是平原侯时，他任文学；明帝即位后，他陆续升任散骑侍郎、汲郡典农中郎将、给事黄门侍郎、散骑常侍。他曾上疏，说治国以清静为基础，百姓以良吏为根本，郡守权力虽轻却专任千里，建议暗中考察年老多病、对百姓少恩的郡守，将他们征回另选。司马懿将征辽东时，他又上疏，请选威望素著的大臣名将作副佐随军，魏帝没有采纳。后来出任河内太守，以有威严著称，征为侍中，因母丧去官。[^zhengshi]\n\n## 司隶校尉与阮籍之事\n\n嘉平年间，他任司隶校尉。当时抚军校事尹模倚仗恩宠作威作福，朝野无人敢言，何曾上奏弹劾，朝廷称赞。曹爽专权时，司马懿称病，何曾也称病；曹爽被诛后才重新视事，《晋书》并说魏帝被废之事他参与过谋划。步兵校尉阮籍居丧无礼，何曾当着司马昭的面指责他，说应把他流放到四方，免得污染华夏。司马昭说阮籍病弱如此，请他忍耐，没有听从，但何曾引经据典、辞理恳切，时人因此敬畏他。毌丘俭被诛后，其子毌丘甸之妻荀氏为怀孕入狱的女儿刘芝求情，何曾怜悯她，把她的陈词转呈上议，朝廷认为应当，于是改了法令。[^zhengshi]\n\n## 入晋为三公\n\n他任司隶校尉多年后升尚书，正元年间出任镇北将军、都督河北诸军事，临行时司马昭让司马炎和齐王司马攸送出数十里。后来他迁征北将军，进封颍昌乡侯；咸熙初年拜司徒，改封朗陵侯。司马炎袭晋王位后，以他为晋丞相、加侍中，他与裴秀、王沈等劝司马炎登位。晋武帝践阼，他拜太尉，进爵为公，食邑一千八百户；泰始初年改任太保，不久以本官领司徒，后进位太傅。他因年老屡次请求退位，武帝下诏加他太宰，朝会时可佩剑穿鞋乘舆上殿，并赐钱百万、绢五百匹。此后每次召见，都准他带平日的饮食衣物，让两个儿子随侍。[^zhengshi]\n\n## 为人\n\n《晋书》说他性至孝，闺门整肃，从年少到年长都不好声乐和宠幸；年老后与妻子见面，双方都整衣冠，相敬如宾。司隶校尉傅玄曾著文把他与荀顗并称孝子。然而他性情奢豪，帷帐车服极尽绮丽，膳食滋味超过王者，每次宴见都不吃太官所备的菜，武帝反而命人取他的饭食；他吃蒸饼，上面不裂成十字就不吃，“食日万钱，犹曰无下箸处”。刘毅等人多次弹劾他奢侈无度，武帝因他是重臣，一概不问。都官从事刘享曾上奏他奢华，后来何曾辟刘享为掾，刘享应命，何曾却常因小事杖打他，《晋书》说这就是他外宽内忌的表现。当时司空贾充权势堪比君主，何曾看低贾充却依附他；贾充与庾纯因酒争吵，何曾议事时偏袒贾充而压制庾纯，被正直的人非议。[^zhengshi]\n\n## 去世与谥号\n\n咸宁四年，他去世，享年八十岁。武帝在朝堂穿素服举哀，赐东园秘器、朝服一具、衣一套、钱三十万、布一百匹。商议谥号时，博士秦秀主张谥为“缪丑”，武帝不听，下策书谥为孝；太康末年，儿子何劭自己上表请改谥为元。他有两个儿子，何遵和何劭，何劭继承爵位。[^zhengshi]\n\n## 基本信息\n\n- 姓名：何曾[^zhengshi]\n- 字：颍考[^zhengshi]\n- 生卒：199年至279年1月12日[^wikidata]\n- 所属：曹魏、西晋[^wikidata]\n- 衍生形象：[[person_cn_q124732905|何曾]]（《三国演义》人物）",
      "url": "/people/q10886254.html",
      "lang": "en",
      "fallback": true,
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh"
      ],
      "birth": {
        "year": 199,
        "display": "199年"
      },
      "death": {
        "year": 279,
        "display": "279年"
      },
      "occupations": [
        "政治人物"
      ],
      "personCategory": "历史人物"
    },
    {
      "id": "person_cn_q10891226",
      "type": "person",
      "title": "Ruhua",
      "slug": "ruhua-q10891226",
      "aliases": [
        "入画"
      ],
      "summary": "Ruhua is the senior maid of Jia Xichun in Dream of the Red Chamber. When the Grand View Garden was searched, items that Jia Zhen had given to her brother were found hidden by her. Xichun, afraid of being implicated, drove her away despite her pleas, and the book never mentions her fate again.",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-literature"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-fictional-character",
        "tag-classics"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "wikidata",
          "title": "Wikidata Q10891226",
          "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10891226"
        },
        {
          "id": "zhwiki",
          "title": "入画（维基百科）",
          "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%A5%E7%94%BB"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-10-25",
      "updatedAt": "2026-10-25",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 3,
      "body": "Ruhua is a character in the novel Dream of the Red Chamber, the senior maid of Jia Xichun. Both Wikidata and the Chinese Wikipedia article are titled Ruhua, and Wikidata also lists the traditional-character form. The name is the maid's given name and there is no separate personal name, so the heading stays Ruhua. The story is set in the dynasty of the novel, and she is recorded as female.[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n\n## Driven out of the garden\n\nAccording to the Chinese Wikipedia article, when the Grand View Garden was searched, the searchers found that Ruhua had privately kept things that Jia Zhen had given to her brother. Xichun feared being dragged into trouble and felt that she herself had lost face, so she ignored Ruhua's bitter pleading. Wang Xifeng and Madam You spoke up for the maid, but Xichun still drove her away by force. The article adds that the book never mentions her fate again.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Description: character in Dream of the Red Chamber, maid of Xichun[^wikidata]\n- Setting recorded on this entry: the dynasty of the novel[^wikidata]\n- Appears in: [[work_cn_q8265|Dream of the Red Chamber]][^zhwiki]",
      "url": "/people/ruhua-q10891226.html",
      "lang": "en",
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh",
        "en"
      ],
      "disambiguation": "Character in Dream of the Red Chamber",
      "isFictional": true,
      "personCategory": "literary character"
    },
    {
      "id": "person_cn_q10891690",
      "type": "person",
      "title": "全纪",
      "slug": "q10891690",
      "summary": "全纪（？—258年），扬州吴郡钱塘人，三国末年吴国黄门侍郎，全尚之子。他协助父亲讨伐孙𬘭一族，孙亮被孙𬘭废位时自杀。",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-history"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-ancient-china"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "wikidata",
          "title": "Wikidata Q10891690",
          "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10891690"
        },
        {
          "id": "zhwiki",
          "title": "全纪（维基百科）",
          "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E7%B4%80"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-10-25",
      "updatedAt": "2026-10-25",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 3,
      "body": "全纪是三国末年东吴的人物。维基数据的中文名写作全紀，中文维基百科的条目名也是全紀，也就是全纪，所以标题仍用姓名。本条记他卒于258年，生年不详，所属是东吴。[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n\n## 生平\n\n中文维基百科介绍说，他是扬州吴郡钱塘人，在吴国任黄门侍郎，是全尚的儿子，母亲是孙𬘭的堂姐。他协助全尚讨伐孙𬘭一族，当孙亮被孙𬘭废黜帝位时，他自杀而死。这条介绍很短，除此之外没有更多他的事迹。[^zhwiki]\n\n## 基本信息\n\n- 卒年：258年[^wikidata]\n- 所属：东吴[^wikidata]\n- 衍生形象：[[person_cn_q124661602|全纪]]（《三国演义》人物）",
      "url": "/people/q10891690.html",
      "lang": "en",
      "fallback": true,
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh"
      ],
      "death": {
        "year": 258,
        "display": "258年"
      },
      "occupations": [
        "政治人物"
      ],
      "personCategory": "历史人物"
    },
    {
      "id": "person_cn_q1089259",
      "type": "person",
      "title": "Jiutou Zhiji Jing",
      "slug": "jiutou-zhiji-jing-q1089259",
      "aliases": [
        "九头雉鸡精"
      ],
      "summary": "The Nine-Headed Pheasant Spirit (Jiutou Zhiji Jing) is one of the three demons of the Xuanyuan Mound sent by Nuwa to Zhaoge in Investiture of the Gods. She is a pheasant with nine heads that cultivated itself into a spirit. She enters the palace as Daji's sister Hu Ximei and helps bring about Bi Gan's death. After the Shang fall, Nuwa hands the three over to Jiang Ziya, and she is beheaded.",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-literature"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-fictional-character",
        "tag-classics"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "wikidata",
          "title": "Wikidata Q1089259",
          "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1089259"
        },
        {
          "id": "zhwiki",
          "title": "九头雉鸡精（维基百科）",
          "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B9%9D%E5%A4%B4%E9%9B%89%E9%B8%A1%E7%B2%BE"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-10-25",
      "updatedAt": "2026-10-25",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 3,
      "body": "The Nine-Headed Pheasant Spirit is a demon in the novel Investiture of the Gods. Both Wikidata and the Chinese Wikipedia article are titled 九头雉鸡精, and Wikidata also lists the shorter name Pheasant Spirit. It is the name of a kind of spirit and not a personal name, so the heading stays Jiutou Zhiji Jing. The sources class her as a character of the novel and record her as female.[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n\n## The three demons of Xuanyuan Mound\n\nThe Chinese Wikipedia list of characters says that after King Zhou wrote an impious poem at the temple of Nuwa, Nuwa concluded that the Shang had run out of fate. She sent three spirits from Xuanyuan Mound outside the south gate to bewitch the king in his palace, and told them not to harm living beings. The three were the Thousand-Year Fox Spirit, the Nine-Headed Pheasant Spirit and the Jade Pipa Spirit. The pheasant spirit is a nine-headed pheasant that had cultivated itself into a demon.[^zhwiki]\n\n## As Hu Ximei\n\nThe article says that after Jiang Ziya burned the pipa spirit, Daji wanted revenge. She had King Zhou agree to build the Deer Terrace by saying that immortals would descend once it was finished. To make good her lie, she had fox spirits pose as immortals visiting the terrace, but Bi Gan saw through them and all the foxes were burned to death. Daji then asked the Nine-Headed Pheasant Spirit for help. The pheasant spirit took the form of Daji's sister Hu Ximei and entered the palace to serve the king. Daji then feigned illness, and Hu Ximei declared that she needed Bi Gan's heart as medicine. Elsewhere the article says that Daji and the pheasant spirit together killed the vice-chancellor Bi Gan.[^zhwiki]\n\n## End\n\nAfter the Shang fell, Jiang Ziya ordered Yang Jian and others to hunt down the three. They fought as they fled and met Nuwa before Xuanyuan Mound. Because the three had ignored her order not to kill, Nuwa seized them herself and handed them to Jiang Ziya. The article says that the jade pipa spirit and the nine-headed pheasant spirit were both beheaded. The fox spirit prolonged her life for a time by bewitching the executioner, but Jiang Ziya finally put her to death with his own hands.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Description: character of Investiture of the Gods[^wikidata]\n- Other name: Pheasant Spirit[^wikidata]\n- Appears in: [[work_cn_q1336310|Investiture of the Gods]][^zhwiki]",
      "url": "/people/jiutou-zhiji-jing-q1089259.html",
      "lang": "en",
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh",
        "en"
      ],
      "disambiguation": "Character in Investiture of the Gods",
      "isFictional": true,
      "personCategory": "mythological figure"
    },
    {
      "id": "person_cn_q10895405",
      "type": "person",
      "title": "冯𬘘",
      "slug": "q10895405",
      "summary": "冯𬘘（3世纪—286年），字少胄，安平人，西晋官员。他得晋武帝宠信，与贾充、荀勖亲善，在太子妃将被废时出力保全，又劝武帝遣齐王司马攸回封国，并疏远张华。太康七年病重，任散骑常侍后不久去世。",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-history"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-ancient-china"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "wikidata",
          "title": "Wikidata Q10895405",
          "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10895405"
        },
        {
          "id": "zhwiki",
          "title": "冯𬘘（维基百科）",
          "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A6%AE%E7%B4%9E"
        },
        {
          "id": "zhengshi",
          "title": "晋书/卷039（维基文库）",
          "url": "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%99%89%E6%9B%B8/%E5%8D%B7039"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-10-25",
      "updatedAt": "2026-10-25",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 3,
      "body": "冯𬘘是西晋官员。《晋书》卷三十九写“馮紞，字少胄，安平人也”，维基数据的中文名写作冯紞，是同一姓名的不同写法，所以标题仍用姓名。本条记他卒于286年，结构化资料把生年记作250年，中文维基百科只说他生于3世纪。[^wikidata][^zhengshi][^zhwiki]\n\n## 家世与仕途\n\n《晋书》说，他的祖父冯浮是曹魏的司隶校尉，父亲冯员是汲郡太守。他年轻时广泛涉猎经史，识见敏悟，善于辩论，先后任魏郡太守、步兵校尉，又调任越骑校尉。他得到晋武帝的宠幸，逐渐升到左卫将军，逢迎顺从、察言观色，宠爱一天比一天深。他与贾充、荀勖都很亲善。贾充的女儿成为皇太子妃，冯𬘘出了力；后来太子妃将被废黜，他和荀勖设法救助求情，才没有被废。灭吴之战中，他领汝南太守，率郡兵跟随王濬进入秣陵，其后升御史中丞，转侍中。[^zhengshi]\n\n## 与齐王司马攸\n\n《晋书》记载，武帝病重后痊愈，冯𬘘和荀勖看到朝野的期望都在齐王司马攸身上。司马攸一向看不起荀勖，荀勖觉得太子愚劣，担心司马攸被立会对自己不利，就让冯𬘘对武帝说：“陛下前些时候的病如果不好，太子大概就要被废了。齐王为百姓所归，为公卿所仰，即使他想谦让，又怎能免除呢？应当遣他回封国，以安社稷。”武帝接受了这个意见。等到司马攸去世，朝野悲恨。武帝兄弟情深，听到司马攸去世后哀痛特别深，冯𬘘侍立一旁，却说：“齐王名过其实，如今得以善终，这是大晋的福气。陛下何必过分悲哀！”武帝便收住了眼泪。[^zhengshi]\n\n## 与张华\n\n《晋书》说，当初商议伐吴时，冯𬘘与贾充、荀勖一起苦谏，认为不可。吴国平定后，他心里又羞愧又害怕，对张华恨如仇人。后来张华出镇外地，威德大著，朝议准备把他征为尚书令，冯𬘘便从容地陪侍武帝，谈论晋魏旧事，借此暗示张华不可授以重任，武帝沉默而止。[^zhengshi]\n\n## 去世\n\n太康七年，冯𬘘患病，武帝下诏任他为散骑常侍，赐钱二十万、床帐一具，不久他就去世了。他有两个儿子，冯播和冯熊：冯播官至大长秋，冯熊字文罴，官至中书郎。《晋书》还说他的兄长冯恢另有传记。[^zhengshi]\n\n## 基本信息\n\n- 姓名：冯𬘘（《晋书》作馮紞）[^zhengshi]\n- 字：少胄[^zhengshi]\n- 籍贯：安平[^zhengshi]\n- 卒年：286年[^wikidata]\n- 所属：西晋[^wikidata]\n- 衍生形象：[[person_cn_q124736888|冯𬘘]]（《三国演义》人物）",
      "url": "/people/q10895405.html",
      "lang": "en",
      "fallback": true,
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh"
      ],
      "death": {
        "year": 286,
        "display": "286年"
      },
      "occupations": [
        "政治人物"
      ],
      "personCategory": "历史人物"
    },
    {
      "id": "person_cn_q10899435",
      "type": "person",
      "title": "Liu Guangshi",
      "slug": "liu-guangshi-q10899435",
      "aliases": [
        "刘光世"
      ],
      "summary": "Liu Guangshi (1086–1142), courtesy name Pingshu, was a general of the early Southern Song from Baoan Army and the second son of Liu Yanqing. He helped put down Fang La, held command posts across the Yangtze and Huai regions after the Song crossed south, and lost his troops in 1137 after Zhang Jun's impeachment. He died aged fifty-four and received the posthumous name Wuxi.",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-history"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-ancient-china"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "wikidata",
          "title": "Wikidata Q10899435",
          "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10899435"
        },
        {
          "id": "zhwiki",
          "title": "刘光世（维基百科）",
          "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8A%89%E5%85%89%E4%B8%96"
        },
        {
          "id": "zhengshi",
          "title": "宋史·卷369（维基文库）",
          "url": "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E5%AE%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E5%8D%B7369"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-10-25",
      "updatedAt": "2026-10-25",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 3,
      "body": "Liu Guangshi was a general at the end of the Northern Song and the start of the Southern Song. The History of Song, chapter 369, begins that Liu Guangshi, courtesy name Pingshu, was a man of Baoan Army and the second son of Liu Yanqing, and Wikidata's Chinese name is also Liu Guangshi, so the title stays the personal name. This entry records his life as 1086 to 1142. Wikidata also lists Pingshu, Wuxi and Duke of Yang, of which Pingshu is his courtesy name and Wuxi his posthumous name, and neither replaces his name.[^wikidata][^zhengshi]\n\n## The late Northern Song\n\nThe History of Song says he first entered office through hereditary privilege as a military aide and rose to inspector of troops for Fuyan circuit and defense commissioner of Qizhou. When Fang La rebelled, his father Liu Yanqing was commander of the pacification office and sent him with his own force toward Quzhou and Wuzhou. He took the rebels by surprise and defeated them, and once the rebellion was ended he was made surveillance commissioner of Yaozhou and then commandant of Fuyan circuit. Later he followed his father in the capture of Yizhou and became military commissioner of the Fengguo army. After Guo Yaoshi surrendered to the Song, he was moved to commissioner posts at Weiwu and Fengning. Liu Yanqing sent several generals to strike at Yan, with Liu Guangshi as the support. When he did not arrive, the others lost their backup and broke, and he was demoted three grades. When the bandit Zhang Di raided Xunzhou, the court ordered him to attack. He feigned a retreat to draw the bandits on, then charged through their ranks with his cavalry and routed them, and was restored to his commissioner post. In the first year of Jingkang, when the Jin attacked Bianjing, he held the defile at Xingzi Fort and drove off the Xia, and was promoted. When the Jin attacked again he came to the rescue and went to Jizhou to see Prince Kang, who made him chief of the five armies.[^zhengshi][^zhwiki]\n\n## The first years after the crossing\n\nAfter the prince took the throne, he served as commissioner for inspecting the imperial tombs, handled the business of the Imperial Guards office and was patrol commissioner of the traveling court. He killed the Shandong bandit Li Yu, was made military governor of the Fengguo army, put down mutineers at Zhenjiang, and was appointed pacification commissioner of Chuzhou, Haozhou and other prefectures. He also campaigned against Zhang Yu and Li Cheng, using Wang De as vanguard, and beat Li Cheng near Shangcai. In the third year of Jianyan, Jin horsemen suddenly reached Tianchang. He went out to meet them, but his army broke before it engaged. When the emperor hurried across the river, he named Liu Guangshi pacification commissioner of the five armies of the traveling court, stationed at Zhenjiang. Miao Fu and Liu Zhengyan had long feared him when they rebelled, and promoted him to grand commandant and pacification commissioner of Huainan. Zhang Jun and Lü Yihao urged him to come to the emperor's aid, and he brought his troops to join them. He then became grand commandant and deputy of the imperial camp and, later, pacification commissioner east of the river, defending Taiping and Chizhou. When the Empress Dowager Longyou was at Nanchang, the court ordered him to move to Jiangzhou as a screen. There he held banquets every day. The Jin crossed the river at Huangzhou and for three days no one noticed, and when they arrived he withdrew.[^zhengshi][^zhwiki]\n\n## The Shaoxing years\n\nIn the first year of Shaoxing he became pacification commissioner of Huainan and the Jingdong circuit, and later took in the bands of Guo Zhongwei, Xia Ning and Shao Qing. His troops formed a force of their own that was later called the Left Guard Army. In the third year he exchanged stations with Han Shizhong, the two of them quarreled over old grievances, and the emperor sent envoys to reconcile them and sent them the biographies of Jia Fu and Kou Xun. On the Huai front he had coins cast with the legend Zhaona xinbao, used to draw the enemy's soldiers into surrender. At the end of the sixth year, Zhang Jun said that Liu Guangshi was arrogant and idle and did not fight, and should not be a great general. He added that he indulged in wine and women, did not care about state affairs, and bristled when recovery was mentioned, and asked for his dismissal. Zhao Ding replied that Liu Guangshi came from a family of generals and many officers had come from his house, so dismissing him might offend feeling. He asked to be relieved of military duties and offered up the remaining gold and grain. He was made junior preceptor and Duke of Rong, and his troops went to the commissioner's office, after which his officer Li Qiong killed Lü Zhi and led the army over to Liu Yu. In the ninth year, on the occasion of the peace, he was granted a title of merit, advanced to Duke of Yong and made pacification commissioner of Shaanxi. In the tenth year, when the Jin besieged Shunchang, he became grand guardian and relief commissioner of the three capitals to help Liu Qi, but was recalled, made overseer of the Wanshou temple and re-titled Duke of Yang.[^zhengshi][^zhwiki]\n\n## Death and judgment\n\nWhen he fell gravely ill he asked that his household be freed of levies and corvée, but the secretariat drafter would not let the order go out. He died aged fifty-four and was posthumously made grand tutor. Fourteen of his sons, nephews and in-laws were given office, and he was given the name Wuxi. In the eighth year of Qiandao he was posthumously made Prince of Ancheng, and in the first year of Kaixi Prince of Fu. The History of Song says that he rose earliest among the generals, but was lax in discipline, had no method in managing troops, would not take on the work of the state, and kept the bandits alive to enrich himself, which public opinion condemned. Once he told the emperor that he wished to give all his strength to the country and that future historians would put his merit first, and the emperor answered that he should not offer empty words but show it in his actions. The History says that because he gave up military command early and drifted with the times, Qin Hui did not fear him, and so he kept his honor to the end of his life, though he was far inferior to Han Shizhong and Yue Fei.[^zhengshi]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Name: Liu Guangshi[^zhengshi]\n- Courtesy name: Pingshu[^zhengshi]\n- Home: Baoan Army[^zhengshi]\n- Dates recorded on this entry: 1086 to 1142[^wikidata]\n- Posthumous name: Wuxi[^zhengshi]\n- Realm and occupation: Song dynasty, general[^wikidata]",
      "url": "/people/liu-guangshi-q10899435.html",
      "lang": "en",
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh",
        "en"
      ],
      "birth": {
        "year": 1086,
        "display": "1086"
      },
      "death": {
        "year": 1142,
        "display": "1142"
      },
      "personCategory": "historical figure"
    },
    {
      "id": "person_cn_q10899671",
      "type": "person",
      "title": "刘寔",
      "slug": "q10899671",
      "summary": "刘寔（220年—310年），字子真，平原高唐人，曹魏及西晋重臣，官至太傅、太尉。他少年家贫，卖牛衣自给，却好学不倦，精于《春秋》三传，写有《崇让论》。他为人俭朴，享年九十一岁，谥号为元。",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-history"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-ancient-china"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "wikidata",
          "title": "Wikidata Q10899671",
          "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10899671"
        },
        {
          "id": "zhwiki",
          "title": "刘寔（维基百科）",
          "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8A%89%E5%AF%94"
        },
        {
          "id": "zhengshi",
          "title": "晋书/卷041（维基文库）",
          "url": "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%99%89%E6%9B%B8/%E5%8D%B7041"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-10-25",
      "updatedAt": "2026-10-25",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 3,
      "body": "刘寔是曹魏末年到西晋年间的大臣。《晋书》卷四十一写“劉寔，字子真，平原高唐人也”，维基数据的中文名写作劉寔，也就是刘寔，所以标题仍用姓名。本条记他生于220年，卒于310年。[^wikidata][^zhengshi]\n\n## 出身与早年\n\n《晋书》说他是汉济北惠王刘寿的后代，父亲刘广任斥丘令。他少年时贫苦，靠卖牛衣为生，却好学，手里搓绳，口中诵书，博通古今，洁身自好，行为没有污点。郡里察举他孝廉，州里举他秀才，他都没有赴任。后来他以计吏身份进入洛阳，调任河南尹丞，升尚书郎、廷尉正，之后历任吏部郎，参与文帝（司马昭）相国府的军事，被封为循阳子。钟会、邓艾伐蜀时，有客人问他两位将领能否平定蜀国，他说“破蜀必矣，而皆不还”，对方问原因，他只笑不答，后来果然如他所说。《晋书》说他的先见多是这一类。[^zhengshi]\n\n## 《崇让论》\n\n因为当时世人多争进取、缺少廉让，他写了《崇让论》来矫正风气。文章主张古代圣王看重谦让，是为了选出贤才、平息争竞；每有官职空缺，就挑选众官推让得最多的人任用，这样推让之风盛行，贤与不肖自然分明。他批评魏代以来人们受职时嘴上自称不能，却没有人肯让给胜过自己的人。他还举出齐王听竽、南郭先生滥竽充数的故事，说推贤之风不立，滥举之法不改，朝廷里就会充满南郭先生一类的人。[^zhengshi]\n\n## 晋朝仕历\n\n泰始初年，他进爵为伯，累迁少府；咸宁年间任太常，转尚书；杜预伐吴时，他以本官行镇南军司。《晋书》记载他的前妻卢氏生下儿子刘跻后去世，华氏要把女儿嫁给他，他的弟弟刘智劝阻说华家近于贪婪，必会败门户，他推辞不成，终于与华氏成婚，生下刘夏。后来他因刘夏收受贿赂而被免官；不久他任大司农，又因刘夏的罪过免官。他后来起复为国子祭酒、散骑常侍。愍怀太子初封广陵王时，朝廷精选师友，以他为师。元康初年，他进爵为侯，累迁太子太保，加侍中、特进、右光禄大夫、开府仪同三司，领冀州都督。元康九年，策拜司空，后迁太保，转太傅。太安初年，他以年老多病为由让位，朝廷赐安车驷马、钱百万，以侯爵回家。长沙王与成都王互相攻战时，他被军人抢掠，悄悄回到故乡。[^zhengshi]\n\n## 晚年与去世\n\n惠帝去世后，他前往山陵致哀。怀帝即位，再次任命他为太尉，他自陈年老，坚决推辞，朝廷不许。左丞刘坦上言，称他清素不渝，辞官告老二十多年，年过九十还冒险来到陵前，大臣的节操已经完备，主张听任他的坚持。三年，怀帝下诏，让他以侯爵回家，位居三司之上，俸禄照旧，赐几杖，可以不朝，并赐宅一所，国家大事仍向他咨询。一年多以后他去世，享年九十一岁，谥号为元。[^zhengshi]\n\n## 为人与著作\n\n《晋书》记述他少年贫困，拄杖步行，所到之处不拖累主人，打柴取水都亲手操持。显达之后，他仍崇尚俭朴。有一次他去石崇家如厕，见里面有红纹帐、华丽的垫褥，还有两个婢女持香囊，便退出来，笑着对石崇说“误入卿内”，石崇说那是厕所，他说“贫士未尝得此”，另去别的厕所。他身居荣宠，却没有自家宅第，俸禄用来周济亲故。他从少年到老年勤学不倦，即使有职务在身也手不释卷，尤其精通《春秋》三传，还写有《春秋条例》二十卷。他有两个儿子，刘跻官至散骑常侍，刘夏因贪污被世人所弃。他每次回乡，乡人带着酒肉迎接，他不愿违逆乡人的好意，一同吃喝后把剩下的退还。有人问他为什么不教诲儿子，他答说自己的行为是靠所闻所见，并非相互沿袭，哪是教诲所能得到的。[^zhengshi]\n\n## 基本信息\n\n- 姓名：刘寔[^zhengshi]\n- 字：子真[^zhengshi]\n- 籍贯：平原高唐[^zhengshi]\n- 生卒：220年至310年[^wikidata]\n- 谥号：元[^zhengshi]\n- 所属：曹魏及西晋，大臣[^wikidata]",
      "url": "/people/q10899671.html",
      "lang": "en",
      "fallback": true,
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh"
      ],
      "birth": {
        "year": 220,
        "display": "220年"
      },
      "death": {
        "year": 310,
        "display": "310年"
      },
      "occupations": [
        "政治人物"
      ],
      "personCategory": "历史人物"
    },
    {
      "id": "person_cn_q10899737",
      "type": "person",
      "title": "Liu Hongji",
      "slug": "liu-hongji-q10899737",
      "aliases": [
        "刘弘基"
      ],
      "summary": "Liu Hongji (582–650), from Chiyang in Yongzhou, was a founding general of the Tang. He ran afoul of the law on the way to the Liaodong campaign at the end of the Sui, then served Li Yuan and Li Shimin at Taiyuan, recruited troops for the uprising and took part in the march on Chang'an. He was made Duke of Kui, died in 650, and was buried beside the Zhao Mausoleum with the posthumous name Xiang.",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-history"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-ancient-china"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "wikidata",
          "title": "Wikidata Q10899737",
          "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10899737"
        },
        {
          "id": "zhwiki",
          "title": "刘弘基（维基百科）",
          "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8A%89%E5%BC%98%E5%9F%BA"
        },
        {
          "id": "zhengshi",
          "title": "新唐书·卷090（维基文库）",
          "url": "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%94%90%E6%9B%B8/%E5%8D%B7090"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-10-25",
      "updatedAt": "2026-10-25",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 3,
      "body": "Liu Hongji was a general at the founding of the Tang. Chapter 90 of the New Book of Tang begins that Liu Hongji was a man of Chiyang in Yongzhou. Wikidata's Chinese label is also Liu Hongji, and its English label is Liu Hongji, so the title stays the personal name. This entry records his life as 582 to 650.[^wikidata][^zhengshi]\n\n## Troubles at the end of the Sui\n\nThe New Book of Tang says that as a young man he was appointed a right guard of the Sui through his family's standing. At the end of the Daye era he joined the campaign against Liaodong, but he was short of money. By the time he reached Fenyin he judged he would be late and be executed, so he and his companions slaughtered an ox against the law and hinted to officials to arrest them. After a year or so he was sentenced to redeem the offence, then fled and lived by stealing horses. At Taiyuan he secretly attached himself to Emperor Gaozu, and, seeing that Taizong had an unusual bearing, he trusted himself to him all the more. He was treated with warmth and honor, came and went with mounted attendants, and sometimes entered the private chamber. The Chinese Wikipedia article adds that his father Liu Sheng was governor of Hezhou under the Sui, and that he killed the ox in order to avoid following Emperor Yang to Goguryeo.[^zhengshi][^zhwiki]\n\n## The uprising and the founding\n\nWhen the army was about to rise, Liu Hongji recruited two thousand soldiers. Wang Wei and others obstructed the great undertaking, and Liu Hongji and Zhangsun Shunde waited behind the hall and signaled their men to seize them. He took part in the capture of Xihe. Song Laosheng was defeated and threw himself from his horse into a ditch, and Liu Hongji cut off his head and was made right grand master of splendid happiness. When the army reached Pu, he led troops across the Yellow River first and took Fengyi. As commissioner of the Weibei circuit, with Yin Kaishan as his deputy, he went west against Fufeng and gathered sixty thousand men. He then crossed the Wei to the south, camped at the old city of Chang'an and drew up at the Jinguang gate. The Sui general Wei Wensheng came to resist, and Liu Hongji counterattacked and took over a thousand armored men and several hundred horses. Other armies had not yet arrived, and he was the first to win. After the capital was taken his merit was ranked first and he was made grand general of the right valiant guard.[^zhengshi]\n\n## Campaigns\n\nHe fought Xue Ju at Qianshuiyuan. The armies of eight commanders were wiped out, and only his force fought hard until its arrows ran out and he was taken. The emperor honored him for not yielding in danger and treated his family well. He returned after Xue Rengao was defeated and kept his office as before. When Liu Wuzhou attacked Taiyuan he held Pingyang and was again taken, but soon escaped and was made commander of the left first corps. He stayed with the Prince of Qin at Baibi and took two thousand picked troops from Xizhou to Xihe to cut off the enemy's retreat. When Song Jingang fled, he chased him to Jiexiu with cavalry and, with the prince, crushed him, and was repeatedly ennobled, becoming Duke of Ren. He also took part in the campaign against Liu Heita. When the Turks pressed the border, he commanded ten thousand foot and horse, and built barriers from Bin northward to the Ziwu range in the east and west as far as Linjing.[^zhengshi]\n\n## The Zhenguan years and death\n\nThe New Book says that in the early Zhenguan years, Li Xiaochang and others plotted rebellion, and Liu Hongji was struck from the rolls and made a commoner for associating with them. After a year or so he was recalled as governor of Yizhou and his titles were restored, then summoned as minister of the guards and re-enfeoffed as Duke of Kui. Because of age he asked to retire, became a grand general who assists the state, attended court on the first and fifteenth day of the month, and kept the salary of an active official. When Taizong campaigned against Liaodong, he called Liu Hongji as grand commander of the front army, and he distinguished himself at Zhubi Mountain, with his households raised to eleven hundred. After his death he was given the rank of unequalled honor and the governorship of Bingzhou, was buried beside the Zhao Mausoleum, and received the name Xiang. The Chinese Wikipedia article says he died in the first year of Yonghui under Emperor Gaozong (650) at the age of sixty-nine. It also says that he was impeached several times in the Zhenguan years for corruption and demoted, which differs from the New Book's account.[^zhengshi][^zhwiki]\n\n## His last distribution\n\nWhen he fell ill he gave each of his sons fifteen servants and five qing of fields. He told those close to him that if the sons were worthy they would not need much wealth, and that if they were not, these would at least keep them from hunger and cold. The rest he distributed to relatives and friends. His son Liu Renshi inherited the title.[^zhengshi]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Name: Liu Hongji[^zhengshi]\n- Home: Chiyang in Yongzhou[^zhengshi]\n- Dates recorded on this entry: 582 to 650[^wikidata]\n- Posthumous name: Xiang[^zhengshi]\n- Realm and occupation: Tang dynasty, general[^wikidata]",
      "url": "/people/liu-hongji-q10899737.html",
      "lang": "en",
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh",
        "en"
      ],
      "birth": {
        "year": 582,
        "display": "582"
      },
      "death": {
        "year": 650,
        "display": "650"
      },
      "personCategory": "historical figure"
    },
    {
      "id": "person_cn_q10900173",
      "type": "person",
      "title": "Liu Li",
      "slug": "liu-li-q10900173",
      "aliases": [
        "刘理"
      ],
      "summary": "Liu Li, courtesy name Fengxiao, was a son of Liu Bei of Shu Han by a concubine and a half-brother of the Later Lord Liu Shan. He was made Prince of Liang in 221, re-enfeoffed as Prince of Anping in 230, and died in the seventh year of Yanxi (244) with the name Prince Dao. Wikidata's structured death year reads 224, but the Records of the Three Kingdoms and Wikidata's own description point to 244.",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-history"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-ancient-china"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "wikidata",
          "title": "Wikidata Q10900173",
          "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10900173"
        },
        {
          "id": "zhwiki",
          "title": "刘理（维基百科）",
          "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8A%89%E7%90%86"
        },
        {
          "id": "zhengshi",
          "title": "三国志/卷34（维基文库）",
          "url": "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%9C%8B%E5%BF%97/%E5%8D%B734"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-10-25",
      "updatedAt": "2026-10-25",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 3,
      "body": "Liu Li was a son of Liu Bei, the First Ruler of Shu Han, by a concubine. Chapter 34 of the Records of the Three Kingdoms says that Liu Li, courtesy name Fengxiao, was also a half-brother of the Later Ruler and a son of a different mother than Liu Yong. Wikidata's Chinese label is Liu Li, so the title stays the personal name.[^wikidata][^zhengshi]\n\n## Enfeoffment\n\nThe Records say that in the sixth month of the first year of Zhangwu, the First Ruler sent the Minister over the Masses Xu Jing to install him as Prince of Liang. The charge said that the land of Liang was a domain near the capital, whose people liked instruction and could easily be led by rites, and that he should go and comfort the people and keep his realm. In the eighth year of Jianxing he was re-enfeoffed as Prince of Anping.[^zhengshi]\n\n## Death and heirs\n\nThe Records say he died in the seventh year of Yanxi and was given the posthumous name Prince Dao. His son Prince Ai, Liu Yin, succeeded him and died in the nineteenth year of Yanxi. Liu Yin's son Prince Shang, Liu Cheng, succeeded and died in the twentieth year. In the fourth year of Jingyao the Later Ruler decreed that the Prince of Anping had been appointed by the late emperor, that three generations had died young and the line was broken, and that Liu Ji, Marquis of Wuyi, should take the princely title. Liu Ji was Liu Li's son, moved east to Luoyang in the first year of Xianxi, and was made a cavalry commandant and a village marquis. The Chinese Wikipedia article adds that his wife was a daughter of the general Ma Chao, whose name is unrecorded.[^zhengshi][^zhwiki]\n\n## The dates\n\nThis entry's structured record gives his birth as 212 and his death as 224. But Wikidata's own English description says he died in 244, the Records say he died in the seventh year of Yanxi, which is 244, and the Chinese Wikipedia article gives the fourth month of 244. So this text follows the Records and treats 244 as the death year, and 224 appears to be an entry error. His birth year is unknown; the Chinese Wikipedia article says only that he was born after 207.[^wikidata][^zhengshi][^zhwiki]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Name: Liu Li[^zhengshi]\n- Courtesy name: Fengxiao[^zhengshi]\n- Titles: Prince of Liang, later Prince of Anping[^zhengshi]\n- Posthumous name: Dao[^zhengshi]\n- Death year: 244 (seventh year of Yanxi)[^zhengshi]\n- Realm and status: Shu Han, imperial prince[^wikidata]",
      "url": "/people/liu-li-q10900173.html",
      "lang": "en",
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh",
        "en"
      ],
      "birth": {
        "year": 212,
        "display": "212"
      },
      "death": {
        "year": 224,
        "display": "224"
      },
      "personCategory": "historical figure"
    },
    {
      "id": "person_cn_q10916583",
      "type": "person",
      "title": "Si Xingfang",
      "slug": "si-xingfang-q10916583",
      "aliases": [
        "司行方"
      ],
      "summary": "Si Xingfang is a character in the novel Water Margin, a subordinate of Fang Tianding, the crown prince of the rebel Fang La, and one of the four marshals of the southern realm with the title General Who Protects the State. He holds Hangzhou with Deng Yuanjue, Shi Bao and Li Tianrun, kills Lei Heng of Liangshan at Deqing, and is later defeated by Lu Junyi and Huyan Zhuo and drowns while pursuing across a stream.",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-literature"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-fictional-character",
        "tag-classics"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "wikidata",
          "title": "Wikidata Q10916583",
          "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10916583"
        },
        {
          "id": "zhwiki",
          "title": "司行方（维基百科）",
          "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%B8%E8%A1%8C%E6%96%B9"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-10-25",
      "updatedAt": "2026-10-25",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 4,
      "body": "Si Xingfang is a character in the classical novel Water Margin. Both Wikidata and the Chinese Wikipedia article are titled Si Xingfang, and the story is set in the Song dynasty, so the heading stays the name as given in the novel.[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n\n## In Fang La's army\n\nThe Chinese Wikipedia article says he is a subordinate of Fang Tianding, the crown prince of Fang La, and one of the four marshals of the southern realm, with the title General Who Protects the State. With the state preceptor Deng Yuanjue, called the Treasure Light Tathagata, Shi Bao, called General of the Southern Fire, and Li Tianrun, called General Who Guards the State, he commands twenty-four fighting generals and together they hold the Ninghai army at Hangzhou.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Fighting and end\n\nWhen Song Jiang wanted to take Hangzhou, Si Xingfang led Xue Dounan, Huang Ai, Xu Bai and Mi Quan to relieve Deqing county, where he killed Lei Heng, the Winged Tiger and one of the Liangshan generals of the Heavenly Spirits, in single combat. He was later beaten by troops under Lu Junyi, Huyan Zhuo and others, and drowned as he chased across a stream.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Description: character in Water Margin[^wikidata]\n- Setting recorded on this entry: the Song dynasty[^wikidata]\n- Appears in: [[work_cn_q70827|Water Margin]][^zhwiki]",
      "url": "/people/si-xingfang-q10916583.html",
      "lang": "en",
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh",
        "en"
      ],
      "disambiguation": "Character in Water Margin",
      "isFictional": true,
      "personCategory": "literary character"
    },
    {
      "id": "person_cn_q10919918",
      "type": "person",
      "title": "吕常",
      "slug": "q10919918",
      "summary": "吕常（161年—221年），南阳博望人，曹魏将领，官至横海将军，封西鄂都乡侯。建安二十四年关羽围攻襄阳时，他守城不下。据中文维基百科引述的碑文，他在黄初二年正月病死，享年六十一岁。",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-history"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-ancient-china"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "wikidata",
          "title": "Wikidata Q10919918",
          "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10919918"
        },
        {
          "id": "zhwiki",
          "title": "吕常（维基百科）",
          "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%91%82%E5%B8%B8"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-10-25",
      "updatedAt": "2026-10-25",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 3,
      "body": "吕常是三国时期曹魏的将领。维基数据和中文维基百科的条目名都是呂常，也就是吕常，所以标题仍用姓名。结构化资料记他生于161年，没有记卒年，卒年221年来自中文维基百科所引的碑文。[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n\n## 概况\n\n中文维基百科介绍说，他是博望人，三国时期曹魏将领之一，官至横海将军，爵西鄂都乡侯。[^zhwiki]\n\n## 正史与碑文\n\n介绍引《三国志·徐晃传》说，建安二十四年（219年），关羽出兵北伐，把吕常围困在襄阳城中。另外在曹操的上表中提到麾下有武猛都尉吕纳，与吕常碑里的官职和年份相合，介绍说不知是否同一个人。《横海将军吕君碑铭》则记载吕常是南阳郡博望县人，因“中勇”在州里知名，试守雉县长，后拜武猛都尉、厉节中郎将、裨将军，封关内侯。建安十三年，曹操率大军南征，他随军南下，因战功封阴德亭侯，兼领章陵太守。任职十三年，因安抚流散之民、治理有成，转拜平狄将军，改封卢亭侯。建安二十四年关羽围襄阳，因他法令严明、士卒没有异心，关羽未能攻克。次年正月曹丕继任魏王，他由平狄将军转拜横海将军，徙封西鄂都乡侯，食邑合七百户。黄初二年正月他病死，享年六十一岁。介绍的这些碑文内容出自《横海将军吕君碑铭》。[^zhwiki]\n\n## 小说中的情节\n\n介绍说，《三国演义》第七十三回里，吕常请求出城挑战关羽的军队，曹仁给他两千人，让他出樊城迎战，结果被关羽打得大败，带残兵逃回樊城。这是小说的写法，与上面碑文所记守襄阳的情况不同。[^zhwiki]\n\n## 基本信息\n\n- 生年：161年[^wikidata]\n- 卒年：221年（据碑文）[^zhwiki]\n- 所属：曹魏[^wikidata]\n- 衍生形象：[[person_cn_q124371333|吕常]]（《三国演义》人物）",
      "url": "/people/q10919918.html",
      "lang": "en",
      "fallback": true,
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh"
      ],
      "birth": {
        "year": 161,
        "display": "161年"
      },
      "personCategory": "历史人物"
    },
    {
      "id": "person_cn_q10920980",
      "type": "person",
      "title": "Zhou Xingsi",
      "slug": "zhou-xingsi-q10920980",
      "aliases": [
        "周兴嗣"
      ],
      "summary": "Zhou Xingsi (died 521), courtesy name Zhizuan, was a man of Xiang in Chen commandery and an official and writer of the Liang. He went to the capital to study at thirteen, won Emperor Wu's notice with the Rhapsody on Peace and Rest, and was repeatedly commissioned to write inscriptions and proclamations, including the verse arrangement of one thousand characters from Wang Xizhi's writing, known as the Thousand Character Classic. He died in 521.",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-history"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-ancient-china"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "wikidata",
          "title": "Wikidata Q10920980",
          "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10920980"
        },
        {
          "id": "zhwiki",
          "title": "周兴嗣（维基百科）",
          "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E8%88%88%E5%97%A3"
        },
        {
          "id": "zhengshi",
          "title": "梁书/卷49（维基文库）",
          "url": "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%A2%81%E6%9B%B8/%E5%8D%B749"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-10-25",
      "updatedAt": "2026-10-25",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 3,
      "body": "Zhou Xingsi was an official and writer of the Liang dynasty. Chapter 49 of the Book of Liang says that Zhou Xingsi, courtesy name Zhizuan, was from Xiang in Chen commandery. Wikidata gives the name in traditional characters with the English label Zhou Xingsi, so the heading stays the personal name. The structured record gives 470 to 521, while the body of the Chinese Wikipedia article writes the birth year as 469.[^wikidata][^zhengshi][^zhwiki]\n\n## Origins and study\n\nThe Book of Liang says he was a descendant of Zhou Kan, grand tutor of the Han crown prince, and that his great-great-grandfather Zhou Ning was a staff officer and grand administrator of Yidu under the Jin. The family lived for generations at Gushu. At thirteen he went to the capital to study and spent more than ten years there, becoming widely learned in the records and skilled at writing. The biography also preserves a tale: while walking from Gushu he stayed at an inn, and in the night a man said to him that his talent exceeded his age, that he would first be recognized by a noble minister and in the end be known by an enlightened ruler, and then disappeared.[^zhengshi]\n\n## Career\n\nIn the Longchang era of Qi, the palace attendant Xie Fei was grand administrator of Wuxing and spoke with him only of literature and history. After Xie Fei finished his term and returned, he praised and recommended him greatly. His home province recommended him as a flourishing talent and he became assistant administrator of Guiyang, where the administrator Wang Rong treated him generously. After Emperor Gaozu founded the Liang, Zhou Xingsi presented the Rhapsody on Peace and Rest, which was very beautiful and pleased the emperor. He was made gentleman attendant to the Prince of Ancheng and was posted at the Hualin office. That year, when Henan presented dancing horses, the emperor ordered him, with Dao Kang and Zhang Shuai, to write rhapsodies, and judged his the best. He was promoted to supernumerary mounted attendant and posted to the Wende and Shouguang offices. When the emperor turned his old house at Sanqiao into the Guangzhai temple, he ordered Zhou Xingsi and Lu Chui each to write the temple stele, and when both were presented he used Zhou Xingsi's. After that the Inscription on the Bronze Tablet, the Stele of the Zhe Pond, the Proclamation for the Northern Campaign, and the verse arrangement of a thousand characters of Wang Xizhi's writing were all assigned to him, and each time the emperor praised them and added gifts of gold and silk. In the ninth year he became assistant administrator of Xin'an, and after his term he again served as supernumerary mounted attendant, helping to compile the state history. In the twelfth year he became palace attendant and went on writing as before.[^zhengshi]\n\n## Illness and death\n\nThe Book of Liang says that both his hands already suffered from sores and wind disease, and that in that year he caught a malignant illness and went blind in the left eye. The emperor stroked his hand and sighed, saying that such a man should have such an illness. He wrote out a remedy for the sores with his own hand and gave it to him. Ren Fang loved his talent and often said that if Zhou Xingsi had not been ill he would have reached censor-in-chief within ten days. In the fourteenth year he became assistant administrator of Linchuan, and in the seventeenth he was again palace attendant, posted at the western office, where the guard commander Zhou She, ordered to annotate the emperor's rhapsodies of past ages, asked for his help. He died in the second year of Putong. His works included the Imperial Veritable Record, Record of the Emperor's Virtue, Diary of Activity and Duties and Ceremonies, over a hundred chapters in all, and a collected works in ten chapters.[^zhengshi]\n\n## The Thousand Character Classic\n\nThe Verse Arrangement of a Thousand Characters of Wang Xizhi's Writing named in the Book of Liang is what later came to be called the Thousand Character Classic. The Chinese Wikipedia article says that, according to the records, he put it together in a single night and that his hair turned white from the strain, and that the work has endured.[^zhengshi][^zhwiki]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Name: Zhou Xingsi[^zhengshi]\n- Courtesy name: Zhizuan[^zhengshi]\n- Home: Xiang in Chen commandery[^zhengshi]\n- Dates: 470 to 521 in the structured record; the Book of Liang puts his death in the second year of Putong[^wikidata][^zhengshi]\n- Role: official of the Liang, poet[^wikidata]",
      "url": "/people/zhou-xingsi-q10920980.html",
      "lang": "en",
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh",
        "en"
      ],
      "birth": {
        "year": 470,
        "display": "470"
      },
      "death": {
        "year": 521,
        "display": "521"
      },
      "personCategory": "historical figure"
    },
    {
      "id": "person_cn_q10922775",
      "type": "person",
      "title": "Tang Bin",
      "slug": "tang-bin-q10922775",
      "aliases": [
        "唐彬"
      ],
      "summary": "Tang Bin (235–294), courtesy name Ruzong, was a man of Zou in the state of Lu and a general of Cao Wei and Western Jin. He took up bow and horse in youth and the classics later, served as vanguard under Wang Jun in the conquest of Wu, then commanded Youzhou, where he restored the old wall and pushed back the frontier. He died in office as governor of Yongzhou in 294 with the posthumous name Xiang.",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-history"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-ancient-china"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "wikidata",
          "title": "Wikidata Q10922775",
          "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10922775"
        },
        {
          "id": "zhwiki",
          "title": "唐彬（维基百科）",
          "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%94%90%E5%BD%AC"
        },
        {
          "id": "zhengshi",
          "title": "晋书/卷042（维基文库）",
          "url": "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%99%89%E6%9B%B8/%E5%8D%B7042"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-10-25",
      "updatedAt": "2026-10-25",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 3,
      "body": "Tang Bin was a general from the last years of Cao Wei into the Western Jin. Chapter 42 of the Book of Jin says that Tang Bin, courtesy name Ruzong, came from Zou in the state of Lu. Wikidata's Chinese label is also Tang Bin, so the title stays the personal name. This entry records his life as 235 to 294.[^wikidata][^zhengshi]\n\n## Origins and early life\n\nThe Book of Jin says his father Tang Tai was grand administrator of Taishan. Tang Bin had the capacity to govern a state and was not bound by petty conduct. In youth he was skilled at bow and horse, loved hunting, stood eight chi tall, could run down a fleeing deer, and was stronger than other men. Only later did he take pleasure in the classics and histories, understanding the Book of Changes especially well. After studying with a teacher he went home and taught, usually with several hundred pupils. He began as a clerk at the commandery gate and became registrar. When the governor Wang Shen gathered his staff to debate how to resist Wu and asked the officials of nine commanderies, Tang Bin and Zhang Hun, registrar of Qiao, both argued that Wu could be absorbed, and Wang Shen approved. He then had Tang Bin refute those who said Wu could not be attacked, and their arguments gave way. Tang Bin rose to merit officer, was recommended as filial and incorrupt, was appointed registrar of the province and advanced to assistant governor.[^zhengshi]\n\n## Service under Jin\n\nThe Book says that when he went to the chancellor's office on business, the staff there were the outstanding men of the age, and all admired him. They praised him to Emperor Wen, Sima Zhao, and recommended him as a clerk. When Sima Zhao asked the military adviser Kong Hao, Kong Hao was jealous of his talent and did not answer for a long time. Chen Qian, seated there, raised his tablet and said that Tang Bin was far better than himself, and Sima Zhao appointed him to the armor bureau. When Deng Ai was put to death, Sima Zhao feared unrest on the frontier because Deng Ai had long held Longyou and won the troops' loyalty, and sent Tang Bin to look into it quietly. Tang Bin reported that Deng Ai was jealous, proud, and had lost men's hearts, that the people of Longyou welcomed his fall, and that the armies now arrived were enough to hold the land. He was then appointed gentleman of the water works. In the early Taishi years he was made Marquis within the Passes, served as magistrate of Ye, where the people were reformed within a month, and as grand administrator of Yiyang. After mourning his mother he was considered for the post of army inspector of Yizhou, which bordered Wu. Emperor Wu asked the mounted attendant Wen Li, who said that Tang Bin loved wealth and Yang Zong loved wine. The emperor said that desire for wealth could be satisfied while a taste for wine was hard to change, and chose Tang Bin. He was soon also put in charge of military affairs in Badong, made general who broadens military power, and his plan for attacking Wu pleased the emperor. The Chinese Wikipedia article gives the same account.[^zhengshi][^zhwiki]\n\n## The conquest of Wu\n\nHe campaigned against Wu with Wang Jun, held the key points and led the other armies. He often set up decoy forces and won by seizing the moment, took Xiling and Lexiang and captured many. Along the river from Baling and Miankou eastward, the rebels were terrified and surrendered. He knew the enemy was exhausted and that Sun Hao was about to surrender, so when he was two hundred li from Jianye he claimed illness and slowed his march to show he did not compete for credit. As he foresaw, those who arrived first fought over goods and those who arrived later fought over credit, and the discerning praised his conduct. After Wu fell, an edict praised him for guarding the east against Wu, overseeing the southern tribes and quieting the borders, and made him general of the right and supervisor of military affairs in Badong. He was recalled as colonel of the aiding wing, re-enfeoffed as Marquis of Shangyong with six thousand households, and given six thousand bolts of silk. He often took part in court deliberations.[^zhengshi]\n\n## The northern frontier\n\nWhen northern tribes raided Beiping, he was made supervisor of military affairs in Youzhou, protector of the Wuhuan, and general of the right. On arrival he trained the troops, repaired weapons, widened farming, displayed power and made known the state's commands with kindness and good faith. Two Xianbei groups under Mohui and Zhehe sent hostages and tribute. He also founded schools and taught without tiring, and extended the old frontier, pushing back the line by a thousand li. He restored the old Qin wall from Wencheng to Jieshi, running nearly three thousand li through the valleys, stationed troops in sections, and set beacon towers within sight of each other. The Book says the frontier became quiet and that no earlier commander since Han and Wei could compare. The Xianbei, afraid, killed Mohui. Tang Bin wanted to attack them, but feared that if he waited for a reply the raiders would scatter, so he called up carts and oxen from Youzhou and Jizhou. His staff officer Xu Zhi secretly reported it, and the court sent an inspector with a prison cart to bring him before the commandant of justice, but he was released when the facts were clear. The people, remembering his merit, set up a stele and wrote a eulogy for him while he was still alive.[^zhengshi]\n\n## Later life and death\n\nThe Book of Jin says that he first studied under Yan De of Donghai, who had many students but said that only Tang Bin had the talent of the court. When Tang Bin gained office, Yan De had already died, and Tang Bin set up a stele for him. In the early Yuankang years he was made general of the van, protector of the western tribes and governor of Yongzhou. He issued a notice that Yongzhou was a famous region with many scholars, and invited four retired scholars, Huangfu Shenshu, Yan Shulong, Jiang Maoshi and Liang Ziyuan, to join him as guests rather than subordinates. All four came, and he treated them with respect. He died in office in the fourth year of Yuankang at sixty, and received the name Xiang, two hundred bolts of silk and two hundred thousand cash. His elder son Tang Si rose to governor of Guangling, and his younger son Tang Qi was a military adviser.[^zhengshi]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Name: Tang Bin[^zhengshi]\n- Courtesy name: Ruzong[^zhengshi]\n- Home: Zou in the state of Lu[^zhengshi]\n- Dates recorded on this entry: 235 to 294[^wikidata]\n- Posthumous name: Xiang[^zhengshi]\n- Realm and occupation: Cao Wei and Western Jin, general[^wikidata]",
      "url": "/people/tang-bin-q10922775.html",
      "lang": "en",
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh",
        "en"
      ],
      "birth": {
        "year": 235,
        "display": "235"
      },
      "death": {
        "year": 294,
        "display": "294"
      },
      "personCategory": "historical figure"
    },
    {
      "id": "person_cn_q10927869",
      "type": "person",
      "title": "Tuxingsun",
      "slug": "tuxingsun-q10927869",
      "aliases": [
        "土行孙"
      ],
      "summary": "Tuxingsun is a disciple of Judge Liusun in Investiture of the Gods, no more than four chi tall, who can travel a thousand li a day underground. Egged on by Shen Gongbao, he steals his master's binding rope, becomes a subordinate of Deng Jiugong, marries Deng Chanyu, and later goes over to the Zhou. At Mianchi he meets Zhang Kui, who is better at underground travel, and is killed, later becoming the Earth Mansion star.",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-literature"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-fictional-character",
        "tag-classics"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "wikidata",
          "title": "Wikidata Q10927869",
          "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10927869"
        },
        {
          "id": "zhwiki",
          "title": "土行孙（维基百科）",
          "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E8%A1%8C%E5%AD%99"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-10-25",
      "updatedAt": "2026-10-25",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 3,
      "body": "Tuxingsun is a character in Investiture of the Gods. Both Wikidata and the Chinese Wikipedia article are titled 土行孙, and Wikidata also lists the traditional-character form. It is a name from the novel, so the heading stays Tuxingsun. He is recorded as male.[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n\n## Background and leaving the mountain\n\nThe Chinese Wikipedia list of characters says he is a disciple of Judge Liusun, no more than four chi tall and unremarkable in looks, but able to travel underground, covering a thousand li in a day. Although he belongs to the Chan school, Shen Gongbao egged him on, and he stole his master's binding rope and elixirs and left the mountain to serve as a subordinate of Deng Jiugong at Sanshan Pass. Deng Jiugong, seeing that he did not look like much, made him only a grain supervisor, and began to use him fully only after he and his daughter had been beaten by the Zhou camp.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Under Deng Jiugong\n\nThe article says Tuxingsun used an iron bar, struck at his opponents' lower bodies by surprise through underground travel, and then caught them with the binding rope. After he captured Nezha and Huang Tianhua, Deng Jiugong, flushed with wine at a banquet, promised him his daughter Deng Chanyu. Yang Jian saw through his magic tool and asked Judge Liusun to come down the mountain and subdue him, and Tuxingsun had to go over to the Zhou. Jiang Ziya then planned things so that his wife Deng Chanyu and his father-in-law Deng Jiugong also joined the Zhou camp.[^zhwiki]\n\n## With the Zhou and his end\n\nAmong the Zhou, Tuxingsun still excelled through underground travel. He fought hard against Zheng Lun, Ma Yuan and others and slipped into the enemy camp to rescue Huang Tianlu when he was taken, though once, after failing in an attempt to steal Yu Yuan's mount, he was caught and nearly beheaded by Jiang Ziya. Advancing to Mianchi county, he met the commander Zhang Kui, who was more skilled in underground travel than he was, and he was killed for being outmatched. He was finally invested as the Earth Mansion star.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Description: character of Investiture of the Gods[^wikidata]\n- Appears in: [[work_cn_q1336310|Investiture of the Gods]][^zhwiki]",
      "url": "/people/tuxingsun-q10927869.html",
      "lang": "en",
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh",
        "en"
      ],
      "disambiguation": "Character in Investiture of the Gods",
      "isFictional": true,
      "personCategory": "literary character"
    },
    {
      "id": "person_cn_q10932568",
      "type": "person",
      "title": "Duobao Daoren",
      "slug": "duobao-daoren-q10932568",
      "aliases": [
        "多宝道人"
      ],
      "summary": "Duobao Daoren (Daoist of Many Treasures) is a senior disciple of the Heavenly Teacher Tongtian in Investiture of the Gods, listed with Jinling Shengmu, Wudang Shengmu and Guiling Shengmu. Tongtian gives him four swords to set up the Zhuxian formation, but Taishang Laojun sweeps him away with a wind-and-fire cushion. His disciple is Huoling Shengmu.",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-literature"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-fictional-character",
        "tag-classics"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "wikidata",
          "title": "Wikidata Q10932568",
          "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10932568"
        },
        {
          "id": "zhwiki",
          "title": "多宝道人（维基百科）",
          "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E5%AE%9D%E9%81%93%E4%BA%BA"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-10-25",
      "updatedAt": "2026-10-25",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 3,
      "body": "Duobao Daoren is a character in Investiture of the Gods. Both Wikidata and the Chinese Wikipedia article are titled Duobao Daoren. It is his Daoist name, and the book gives no other personal name, so the heading stays Duobao Daoren. He is recorded as male.[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n\n## Place in the Jie school\n\nThe Chinese Wikipedia list of characters places him under the disciples of the Heavenly Teacher Tongtian, together with Jinling Shengmu, Wudang Shengmu (also written Wudang Shengmu) and Guiling Shengmu, as the four senior disciples of the earlier generation.[^zhwiki]\n\n## The Zhuxian formation\n\nThe article says that after Guang Chengzi killed Huoling Shengmu at Jiameng Pass and visited the Biyou Palace three times, Tongtian gave Duobao Daoren four swords and had him set up the Zhuxian formation. Taishang Laojun swept him away with a wind-and-fire cushion.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Disciples and fellows\n\nThe list also records Huoling Shengmu as his disciple. She has the Golden Mist Crown, burned the Zhou camp with three thousand fire-dragon soldiers, and was killed by Guang Chengzi with the Fantian seal, which set off the full confrontation between the Chan and Jie schools, and she was afterwards invested as the Fire Mansion star. Among those listed with him, Jinling Shengmu fought the Chan immortals in the Wanxian formation and was killed by Randeng Daoren with the Dinghai pearl, and was made Doumu Yuanjun. Wudang Shengmu left early when the tide turned. Guiling Shengmu was struck back into a tortoise by Jieyin Daoren's prayer beads and then drained to an empty shell by mosquitoes released by the White Lotus Boy.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Description: character of Investiture of the Gods[^wikidata]\n- Appears in: [[work_cn_q1336310|Investiture of the Gods]][^zhwiki]",
      "url": "/people/duobao-daoren-q10932568.html",
      "lang": "en",
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh",
        "en"
      ],
      "disambiguation": "Character in Investiture of the Gods",
      "isFictional": true,
      "personCategory": "literary character"
    },
    {
      "id": "person_cn_q10940503",
      "type": "person",
      "title": "Tenno taitei",
      "slug": "tenno-taitei-q10940503",
      "aliases": [
        "天皇大帝"
      ],
      "summary": "Tianhuang Dadi, in full the Supreme Emperor of the Curved Array's Upper Palace, also called the Gouchen Emperor, is one of the Four Sovereigns of Daoism and the lord of the Tianhuang star. He is the eldest son of Doumu Yuanjun and the elder brother of the Ziwei Emperor. He assists the Jade Emperor in ruling heaven, earth and humanity and presides over war, and his Curved Array star is linked to the fortunes of earthly emperors.",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-literature"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-fictional-character",
        "tag-classics"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "wikidata",
          "title": "Wikidata Q10940503",
          "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10940503"
        },
        {
          "id": "zhwiki",
          "title": "天皇大帝（维基百科）",
          "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E7%9A%87%E5%A4%A7%E5%B8%9D"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-10-25",
      "updatedAt": "2026-10-25",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 4,
      "body": "Tianhuang Dadi is a deity of ancient Chinese star worship and of Daoism. Wikidata classes him as a deity and lists the other names Gouchen Emperor and Tianhuang Emperor, and the Chinese Wikipedia article is titled Tianhuang Dadi. It is a divine title, not a personal name, so the heading stays the original title.[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n\n## In Daoism\n\nThe Chinese Wikipedia article says that Tianhuang Dadi, in full the Supreme Emperor of the Curved Array's Upper Palace, also called the Gouchen Emperor, is the lord of the Tianhuang star, one of the Four Sovereigns of Daoism, the eldest son of Doumu Yuanjun and the elder brother of the Ziwei Emperor of the north pole. He assists the Jade Emperor in governing the three powers of heaven, earth and humanity, presides over the affairs of war on earth, including all arms and fighting, and also over the change of regimes and the choosing of worthy rulers. In Chinese astrology, the Curved Array star to which he belongs, like the Ziwei star, stands for the fortunes of earthly emperors. Like the Ziwei Emperor, he comes from the ancient worship of the stars. The article quotes the Great Rite of the Numinous Treasure of Highest Clarity, which says that to the left of the pole star's throne are four stars that curve together like a hook and are called the Curved Array, and that the large star centered below them is Tianhuang Dadi. It also says that in Taiwan he has no temples of his own, and is usually enshrined as a companion deity of Doumu Yuanjun or together with the other Four or Six Sovereigns.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Old texts and the Confucian view\n\nThe article quotes the Treatise on Astronomy in the Book of Jin, which says that the six stars of the Curved Array are all in the Ziwei Palace, that the star in its mouth is called Tianhuang Dadi, and that his divine name is Yaopobao, who rules the host of spirits and holds the chart of the myriad gods. It also notes that on the Rites' sentence about sacrificing to the August Heaven, Zheng Xuan took Tianhuang Dadi to be Yaopobao, and that the Old Book of Tang says the August Heaven worshipped at the round mound was the polar star Yaopobao.[^zhwiki]\n\n## The stars\n\nThe article says that the Curved Array is an ancient Chinese star group near the north celestial pole made up of six stars, four of which lie in Ursa Minor and two in Cepheus in Western astronomy. Gouchen One is Alpha Ursae Minoris, the pole star. The six stars are bent like a hook and were once regarded as the Yellow Emperor's rear palace and the heavenly emperor's principal consort.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Category: deity, associated with the Curved Array star group[^wikidata]\n- Other names: Gouchen Emperor, Tianhuang (deity)[^wikidata]\n- Work linked on this entry: [[work_cn_q70784|Journey to the West]]",
      "url": "/people/tenno-taitei-q10940503.html",
      "lang": "en",
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh",
        "en"
      ],
      "disambiguation": "Character in Journey to the West",
      "isFictional": true,
      "personCategory": "mythological figure"
    },
    {
      "id": "person_cn_q10943581",
      "type": "person",
      "title": "Queen Consort Jiang",
      "slug": "queen-consort-jiang-q10943581",
      "aliases": [
        "姜王后"
      ],
      "summary": "Queen Consort Jiang is the first queen of King Zhou of Shang in Investiture of the Gods and the earlier tale of King Wu's Attack on Zhou. She is the daughter of Jiang Huanchu, Lord of the Eastern Marches, and the mother of the crown princes Yin Jiao and Yin Hong. Framed by Daji, she is demoted and put into the cold palace, is restored, and then dies at Daji's hands, afterwards becoming the Taiyin star. The sources give no personal name.",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-literature"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-fictional-character",
        "tag-classics"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "wikidata",
          "title": "Wikidata Q10943581",
          "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10943581"
        },
        {
          "id": "zhwiki",
          "title": "姜王后（维基百科）",
          "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A7%9C%E7%8E%8B%E5%90%8E"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-10-25",
      "updatedAt": "2026-10-25",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 7,
      "body": "Queen Consort Jiang is the queen of King Zhou of Shang in the Song-era tale King Wu's Attack on Zhou and in the Ming novel Investiture of the Gods. Both Wikidata and the Chinese Wikipedia article are titled Queen Consort Jiang, and Wikidata also lists forms such as Queen Jiang and Empress Jiang. There is only a surname and the title of queen, and no personal name, so the heading stays Queen Consort Jiang. She is set in the Shang dynasty and recorded as female.[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n\n## Identity\n\nThe Chinese Wikipedia article says she is the first queen King Zhou invested, the daughter of Jiang Huanchu, Lord of the Eastern Marches, and the mother of his two sons Yin Jiao and Yin Hong, and the mortal enemy of Daji. She was exceptionally beautiful. When Daji was first chosen for the palace and honored as noble consort, she did not know Lady Jiang, and only after a few months did they become acquainted. Two years later Lady Jiang was made queen, which aroused Daji's jealousy, and Daji set a series of plots against her.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Demotion and restoration\n\nThe article says that after she was framed, King Zhou demoted her to consort and put her in the cold palace. Daji rose in favor while Lady Jiang stayed alone in the cold palace. Her sons Yin Jiao and Yin Hong told the king everything, but he believed Daji's slanders and, instead of heeding his sons, had both crown princes beaten with staves. Two months later Lady Yin, wife of Li Jing, praised Lady Jiang's virtues before the king, who then released her, and that night he made her queen again.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Cause of death\n\nThe article writes that once, tipsy with wine, Daji went out in disguise with the king, and on returning two hours later the noble consort Su had the queen beaten thirty strokes and put into the cold palace again. To prove she had done nothing wrong, the queen sent a message by pigeon to Lady Yin. Lady Yin came and found the queen gouging out her own eyes. She tried to stop her, but the queen was already dead. After that the king made Daji queen. The queen's two sons, Yin Jiao and Yin Hong, disliked Daji, and Daji slandered them to the king and had them killed. The article adds that after her death the queen was invested as the Taiyin star among the regular gods of the stars.[^zhwiki]\n\n## On screen\n\nThe article lists a number of actresses who played Queen Jiang or Empress Jiang in various screen adaptations, for example Lü Shan in the TVB series Fengshen Bang and Yuan Quan in the film Creation of the Gods I.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Description: first queen of King Zhou of Shang in Investiture of the Gods[^wikidata]\n- Setting recorded on this entry: the Shang dynasty[^wikidata]\n- Appears in: [[work_cn_q1336310|Investiture of the Gods]][^zhwiki]",
      "url": "/people/queen-consort-jiang-q10943581.html",
      "lang": "en",
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh",
        "en"
      ],
      "disambiguation": "Character in Investiture of the Gods",
      "isFictional": true,
      "personCategory": "literary character"
    },
    {
      "id": "person_cn_q10944892",
      "type": "person",
      "title": "Sun Shaozu",
      "slug": "sun-shaozu-q10944892",
      "aliases": [
        "孙绍祖"
      ],
      "summary": "Sun Shaozu is the husband of Jia Yingchun in Dream of the Red Chamber, nicknamed the Wolf of Zhongshan. He is from Datong prefecture in Shanxi, descended from army officers, and was once a protege of the Ning and Rong houses. Coarse and vile, he loves women, gambling and drink, and he abuses Yingchun until she dies. After the Jia family's property is seized, he writes to Jia Zheng demanding money that Jia She owed him.",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-literature"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-fictional-character",
        "tag-classics"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "wikidata",
          "title": "Wikidata Q10944892",
          "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944892"
        },
        {
          "id": "zhwiki",
          "title": "孙绍祖（维基百科）",
          "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AD%99%E7%BB%8D%E7%A5%96"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-10-25",
      "updatedAt": "2026-10-25",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 3,
      "body": "Sun Shaozu is a character in the classical Chinese novel Dream of the Red Chamber, nicknamed the Wolf of Zhongshan. Both Wikidata and the Chinese Wikipedia article are titled Sun Shaozu, and Wikidata also lists the traditional-character form. It is the character's name in the novel, so the heading stays Sun Shaozu. The story is set in the dynasty of the novel, and he is recorded as male.[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n\n## In the story\n\nThe Chinese Wikipedia article says that Sun Shaozu is from Datong prefecture in Shanxi, descended from army officers, and was at the time a protege of the Ning and Rong houses. His wife is Jia Yingchun, one of the Twelve Beauties of Jinling. He is coarse and extremely vile, loves women, gambling and drink, and has abused almost all the wives and maids in his household. When Jia Yingchun first came home for a short stay she was already in tears. Jia Baoyu asked his father Jia Zheng to let her stay in the Grand View Garden. Jia Zheng and Lady Wang were reluctant, but by the rules of a great household they did not keep her. In the end Yingchun died of Sun Shaozu's cruelty. After the Jia house was raided, he also wrote to Jia Zheng, saying that Jia She had once owed him money and demanding that Jia Zheng repay it.[^zhwiki]\n\n## How he is written\n\nThe article says that Cao Xueqin never lets Sun Shaozu appear in person in the book. By the method of powdering the back, he makes Sun Shaozu's ungrateful, cruel, shameless and kick-them-when-down character stand out through the accounts of Jia Yingchun and others.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Description: character of Dream of the Red Chamber, husband of Yingchun[^wikidata]\n- Nickname: Wolf of Zhongshan[^zhwiki]\n- Setting recorded on this entry: the dynasty of the novel[^wikidata]\n- Appears in: [[work_cn_q8265|Dream of the Red Chamber]][^zhwiki]",
      "url": "/people/sun-shaozu-q10944892.html",
      "lang": "en",
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh",
        "en"
      ],
      "disambiguation": "Character in Dream of the Red Chamber",
      "isFictional": true,
      "personCategory": "literary character"
    },
    {
      "id": "person_cn_q10945095",
      "type": "person",
      "title": "Meng Zong",
      "slug": "meng-zong-q10945095",
      "aliases": [
        "孟宗"
      ],
      "summary": "Meng Zong (died 271), courtesy name Gongwu, was a man of Jiangxia and a senior minister of late Eastern Wu who rose to minister of works. He later changed his name to Meng Ren to avoid a taboo on the courtesy name of Sun Hao, and is the hero of the filial tale of weeping in the bamboo grove that brought forth shoots, in the Twenty-four Paragons of Filial Piety. He died in the ninth month of 271 and was buried at Wuchang.",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-history"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-ancient-china"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "wikidata",
          "title": "Wikidata Q10945095",
          "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10945095"
        },
        {
          "id": "zhwiki",
          "title": "孟宗（维基百科）",
          "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AD%9F%E5%AE%97"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-10-25",
      "updatedAt": "2026-10-25",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 3,
      "body": "Meng Zong was a senior minister of late Eastern Wu in the Three Kingdoms period who rose to minister of works. Both Wikidata and the Chinese Wikipedia article are titled Meng Zong. Wikidata also lists the alias Meng Ren, a name he took later to avoid the courtesy name of Sun Hao, the last emperor of Wu, so the heading stays Meng Zong. This entry records his death as 271, with no known birth year.[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n\n## Origins and career\n\nThe Chinese Wikipedia article says he was styled Gongwu and was from Jiangxia. As a young man he studied under Li Su of Nanyang, working hard day and night, and Li Su praised him as having the talent of a chancellor. After joining Wu, he first served as a military clerk under the general Zhu Ju, then as marshal at the salt pond and magistrate of Wu. While he was magistrate of Wu his mother died. Under the law of Wu, a local magistrate who left his post for the funeral without leave could be put to death. He ignored the danger and went home to mourn, then reported himself at Wuchang to await judgment, and Lu Xun saved him from execution. He later became grand administrator of Yuzhang and rose to minister of the imperial household. After Sun Chen took power he attached himself to Sun Chen. In 258 he was sent by Sun Chen to announce the deposition of Sun Liang at the ancestral temple. After Sun Xiu took the throne, Sun Chen planned a revolt and had Meng Zong ask Sun Xiu to let him station troops at Wuchang, and soon Sun Chen was put to death by Sun Xiu. In the winter of 262 Sun Xiu appointed him right censor-in-chief.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Change of name and last years\n\nThe article says that in 264, when Sun Hao succeeded, Meng Zong changed his name to Meng Ren because Sun Hao's courtesy name was Yuanzong. In 267 Sun Hao ordered him, with the minister of ceremonies Yao Xin, to lead a ceremonial party to Mingling to invite the spirit of Sun Hao's father Sun He, and saw them off in person. In the second month of 268 he became minister of works, and in the ninth month of 271 he died and was buried at Wuchang.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Filial conduct\n\nThe article relates that while serving as a military clerk under Zhu Ju he brought his mother to live in the camp. He often felt his ambitions thwarted, and on a rainy night when the roof leaked he wept and apologized to his mother, who told him to work hard and said there was nothing to cry about. As marshal of the Leichi fishery he wove a net himself, caught fish and sent them to his mother, who sent them back to avoid suspicion and never ate fish again. As grand administrator of Yuzhang he benefited the people, and many in the area gave their children the name Meng out of gratitude. The article also says that as minister of the imperial household he once vomited barley rice after getting drunk at a banquet. The emperor decreed to ask whether his household was short of rice, and he answered that there was enough, but that he was more content eating barley.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Weeping in the bamboo grove\n\nThe article says Meng Zong's mother liked bamboo shoots and wanted some near the winter solstice, when shoots do not grow. Unable to find any, he wept in a bamboo grove, and shoots suddenly sprang up so that he could bring them home. People held that his great filial piety moved Heaven. A kind of bamboo is called Meng Zong bamboo after him and is one of the important winter shoots. The tale was later adapted into the Twenty-four Paragons of Filial Piety.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Assessment\n\nThe article quotes Lu Ji's Discourse on the Fall of Wu, which names him with Ding Gu and others among the ministers, and a comment by He Zhuo that, in the matter of announcing Sun Liang's deposition at the temple, he had no great integrity to his credit.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Courtesy name: Gongwu[^zhwiki]\n- Other name: Meng Ren (taken to avoid a taboo)[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n- Death year: 271[^wikidata]\n- Realm: Eastern Wu, senior minister[^wikidata]\n- Portrayal: [[person_cn_q124664065|Meng Zong]] (a character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms)",
      "url": "/people/meng-zong-q10945095.html",
      "lang": "en",
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh",
        "en"
      ],
      "death": {
        "year": 271,
        "display": "271"
      },
      "personCategory": "historical figure"
    },
    {
      "id": "person_cn_q10952228",
      "type": "person",
      "title": "Su Yuanjing",
      "slug": "su-yuanjing-q10952228",
      "aliases": [
        "宿元景"
      ],
      "summary": "Su Yuanjing is a grand commandant of the court in the novel Water Margin, who fits a prophecy of the Mysterious Lady of the Nine Heavens. Honest, loyal and upright, he strongly favors amnesty for Liangshan. The court sends edicts three times, and only the third, carried by him, succeeds. The Liangshan heroes also rely on his protection whenever they fall into danger.",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-literature"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-fictional-character",
        "tag-classics"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "wikidata",
          "title": "Wikidata Q10952228",
          "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10952228"
        },
        {
          "id": "zhwiki",
          "title": "宿元景（维基百科）",
          "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%BF%E5%85%83%E6%99%AF"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-10-25",
      "updatedAt": "2026-10-25",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 3,
      "body": "Su Yuanjing is a character in the classical novel Water Margin. Wikidata records him as male and as a politician, and lists the form of address Grand Commandant Su. Both Wikidata and the Chinese Wikipedia article are titled Su Yuanjing, and the story is set in the Song dynasty, so the heading stays Su Yuanjing.[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n\n## His place in the novel\n\nAccording to the Chinese Wikipedia article, he is the grand commandant of the court and fits the prophecy of the Mysterious Lady. When Shi Jin and Lu Zhishen were trapped in Huazhou, he happened to be on an imperial mission to offer incense, which let Wu Yong trick the golden bells into place and take the city.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Support for amnesty\n\nThe article says he is honest, loyal and upright, and strongly favors amnesty for the outlaws. The court sent down edicts three times, and only the third succeeded, with him as envoy. Whenever the Liangshan heroes fell into repeated danger, it was his protection that kept their situation safe.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Description: character in Water Margin[^wikidata]\n- Form of address: Grand Commandant Su[^wikidata]\n- Setting recorded on this entry: the Song dynasty[^wikidata]\n- Appears in: [[work_cn_q70827|Water Margin]][^zhwiki]",
      "url": "/people/su-yuanjing-q10952228.html",
      "lang": "en",
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh",
        "en"
      ],
      "disambiguation": "Character in Water Margin",
      "isFictional": true,
      "personCategory": "literary character"
    },
    {
      "id": "person_cn_q10955099",
      "type": "person",
      "title": "Ning Sui",
      "slug": "ning-sui-q10955099",
      "aliases": [
        "寗随"
      ],
      "summary": "Ning Sui is a fictional character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms, a Shu Han general serving as Jiang Wei's deputy. In the Wei conquest of Shu, the Wei general Zhuge Xu holds the Yinping bridgehead to cut off Jiang Wei's retreat, and Ning Sui proposes striking what the enemy must rescue: Jiang Wei should feign an attack on Yongzhou to draw Zhuge Xu back.",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-literature"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-fictional-character",
        "tag-classics"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "wikidata",
          "title": "Wikidata Q10955099",
          "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10955099"
        },
        {
          "id": "zhwiki",
          "title": "寗随（维基百科）",
          "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AF%97%E9%9A%A8"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-10-25",
      "updatedAt": "2026-10-25",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 3,
      "body": "Ning Sui is a fictional character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms and a general of Shu Han. Wikidata writes his Chinese name with the traditional form, simplified as 宁随, and also lists the variant spelling 甯隨. The Chinese Wikipedia article is titled the same, so the heading stays the name as given in the novel. The story is set in Shu Han and he is recorded as male.[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n\n## In the novel\n\nThe Chinese Wikipedia article says that some editions write the surname with a variant character pronounced the same as the common Ning, and that in the novel he is Jiang Wei's deputy. In the Wei conquest of Shu, the Wei general Zhuge Xu camped at the Yinping bridgehead and cut off Jiang Wei's retreat. Ning Sui advised Jiang Wei to strike what the enemy must rescue, and to feign an attack on Yongzhou so that Zhuge Xu would turn back to save it. Zhuge Xu fell for it and, fearing for his rear, broke camp and withdrew. When he later saw what Jiang Wei intended, he at once turned back to block him, but he was a step too late, and led his troops to Jiange to find Zhong Hui. This episode is in chapter 117 of the novel.[^zhwiki]\n\n## A further remark in the article\n\nThe article's section on related works has one sentence saying that in the Jiang Wei biography of the Records of the Three Kingdoms he is the new identity of Ma Su, who died in prison after the loss of Jieting, and that he helped the northern campaigns as Jiang Wei's adviser. The sentence is unclear and gives no basis, so it is not adopted here and is noted only because the article says it.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Description: fictional character of Romance of the Three Kingdoms, general of Shu Han[^wikidata]\n- Setting recorded on this entry: Shu Han[^wikidata]\n- Appears in: [[work_cn_q70806|Romance of the Three Kingdoms]][^zhwiki]",
      "url": "/people/ning-sui-q10955099.html",
      "lang": "en",
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh",
        "en"
      ],
      "disambiguation": "Character in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms",
      "isFictional": true,
      "personCategory": "literary character"
    },
    {
      "id": "person_cn_q10959991",
      "type": "person",
      "title": "Lin Hongyu",
      "slug": "xiaohong-q10959991",
      "aliases": [
        "小红"
      ],
      "summary": "Lin Hongyu is a maid of the Rongguo house in Dream of the Red Chamber. Because her name clashed with those of Daiyu and Baoyu, she came to be called Xiaohong or Hong'er. She is the daughter of Lin Zhixiao, the second steward of the Rong house, begins with rough tasks in Yihong Court, and is later taken by Wang Xifeng to run errands. She and Jia Yun like each other, and the commentary hints that she may play an important part in the lost chapters after the eightieth.",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-literature"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-fictional-character",
        "tag-classics"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "wikidata",
          "title": "Wikidata Q10959991",
          "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10959991"
        },
        {
          "id": "zhwiki",
          "title": "小红（维基百科）",
          "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E7%BA%A2"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-10-25",
      "updatedAt": "2026-10-25",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 3,
      "body": "Lin Hongyu is a character in the Qing novel Dream of the Red Chamber. Wikidata records her birth name as Lin Hongyu and lists the English alias Lin Hongyu, and the Chinese Wikipedia article also takes Lin Hongyu as her name, with Xiaohong and Hong'er as later forms, so the heading is changed to her full name. She is a maid of the Rongguo house, set in the dynasty of the novel, and recorded as female.[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n\n## Position and the change of name\n\nThe Chinese Wikipedia article says she is seventeen when she first appears, \"clean and pretty\", and that her family have been servants of the Rongguo house for generations. Her father is Lin Zhixiao, the second steward of the Rong house. When the Grand View Garden was finished she was assigned to Yihong Court. Later Yuanchun ordered Baoyu, Daiyu, Baochai and others to move into the garden, and Baoyu took up residence in Yihong Court. Because her name clashed with those of Daiyu and Baoyu, Hongyu came to be called Xiaohong or Hong'er. In Yihong Court her place is low. She carries water, waters flowers, feeds birds and lights stoves, and has no standing to wait on Baoyu directly. Once, when no maid was in the room, she went in to pour Baoyu tea and Qiuwen spat at her face and scolded her as unworthy of passing tea and water. Disappointed in her prospects, she sees through the world and sighs that a thousand-mile awning must come down and every banquet must end.[^zhwiki]\n\n## With Wang Xifeng\n\nThe article says that on the Festival of Grain in Ear, when Wang Xifeng toured the garden without her own maid, she had Hongyu run an errand. She liked how capable Hongyu was and how crisply she spoke, and nearly took her as a goddaughter, which was prevented only because Hongyu's mother was already Xifeng's goddaughter and the generations did not fit. Later she asked Baoyu to give Hongyu to her. But Xiaohong was not given much responsibility there either, and appears only three more times in the first eighty chapters.[^zhwiki]\n\n## With Jia Yun\n\nThe article says that Hongyu and Jia Yun, from a collateral branch of the Jia clan, like each other, and their story is summed up as the foolish girl who loses a handkerchief and brings on longing. Jia Yun, keeping an appointment with Baoyu, waited in the outer study and met Hongyu, and asked her to pass on a message. The next day she could not find her handkerchief and dreamed Jia Yun had picked it up. Later, when Baoyu was bewitched and Jia Yun kept watch with servants day and night, Hongyu saw that her lost handkerchief seemed to be in his hands. When the little maid Zhuier led Jia Yun to Yihong Court, Hongyu asked Zhuier to help look for the handkerchief. Jia Yun said he had found one, but gave Zhuier his own handkerchief to pass to Hongyu. She took it and falsely said it was hers, and gave Zhuier another to pass to Jia Yun in thanks.[^zhwiki]\n\n## The lost manuscript and the last forty chapters\n\nThe article says that, according to the commentary of Zhiyan Zhai, the lost chapters after the eightieth contain episodes such as the confiscation and the Temple of the Prison God, in which Hongyu is active and an important positive character, directly helping Baoyu. The scholar Song Qi guesses that during the confiscation she served Xifeng faithfully, and that when Xifeng and Baoyu were briefly held in the temple she and Jia Yun brought food and clothing in their hour of need. Shen Zhijun guesses that she reached outlaws such as Ni Er through Jia Yun to try to save them, and died for being drawn into Baoyu's trouble. As to her love with Jia Yun, Song Qi thinks they would marry, while Shen Zhijun thinks it may end in tragedy like that of Baoyu and Daiyu. These are all conjecture. In the Cheng Jia edition compiled by Cheng Weiyuan and Gao E, in the last forty chapters, Xiaohong serves Wang Xifeng until her death, appears little, and in chapter 88 has a flirtatious exchange with Jia Yun.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Assessments\n\nThe article says opinions on Xiaohong are polarized among characters, commentators and researchers. In the book Qingwen, Qiuwen and Bihen of Yihong Court push her aside and sneer at her wish to climb higher, while Wang Xifeng likes her crisp speech and quick work. Zhiyan Zhai calls her a sly and wicked maid, while Jihu Sou, who saw the draft of the Prison God Temple, defends her. Some see the Xiaohong of the first eighty chapters as an opportunist who flatters and schemes to climb, while some scholars admire her and Jia Yun for their ambition and effort.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Birth name: Lin Hongyu[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n- Other names: Xiaohong, Hong'er, Hongyu[^wikidata]\n- Description: character in Dream of the Red Chamber, maid of the Rongguo house[^wikidata]\n- Setting recorded on this entry: the dynasty of the novel[^wikidata]\n- Appears in: [[work_cn_q8265|Dream of the Red Chamber]][^zhwiki]",
      "url": "/people/xiaohong-q10959991.html",
      "lang": "en",
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh",
        "en"
      ],
      "disambiguation": "Character in Dream of the Red Chamber",
      "isFictional": true,
      "personCategory": "literary character"
    },
    {
      "id": "person_cn_q11039789",
      "type": "person",
      "title": "Lady You",
      "slug": "lady-you-q11039789",
      "aliases": [
        "尤氏"
      ],
      "summary": "Lady You is the wife of Jia Zhen and the legal mother of Jia Rong in Dream of the Red Chamber, the mistress who runs the Ningguo house, described as a gourd with its mouth sawn off. When her daughter-in-law Qin Keqing died she fell ill and Jia Zhen asked Wang Xifeng of the Rong house to manage the household. She tried hard to stop the marriage of You Erjie but failed. The sources give no personal name.",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-literature"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-fictional-character",
        "tag-classics"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "wikidata",
          "title": "Wikidata Q11039789",
          "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11039789"
        },
        {
          "id": "zhwiki",
          "title": "尤氏 (红楼梦)（维基百科）",
          "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B0%A4%E6%B0%8F_(%E7%BA%A2%E6%A5%BC%E6%A2%A6)"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-10-25",
      "updatedAt": "2026-10-25",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 3,
      "body": "Lady You is a character in the classical Chinese novel Dream of the Red Chamber and the wife of Jia Zhen. Both Wikidata and the Chinese Wikipedia article are titled Lady You, and Wikidata also lists forms of address such as Eldest Sister You, Zhen's Sister-in-law and Zhen's Wife. There is only a surname and the suffix for a married woman, and no personal name, so the heading stays Lady You. The story is set in the dynasty of the novel, and she is recorded as female.[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n\n## Position and family\n\nAccording to the Chinese Wikipedia article, she is Jia Zhen's wife and the legal mother of Jia Rong. Her stepmother is the elder woman You, and her two half-sisters are You Erjie and You Sanjie. She is the mistress who runs the Ningguo house, and her character is described as a gourd with its mouth sawn off, that is, one who keeps silent.[^zhwiki]\n\n## In the story\n\nThe article says that when her daughter-in-law Qin Keqing died, she was ill and could not manage the household, so Jia Zhen asked Wang Xifeng of the Rong house to take over. She tried hard to stop the marriage of You Erjie, but did not succeed. Later, when Wang Xifeng found that Jia Lian had secretly married You Erjie, she made a scene in the Ningguo house, and Lady You, at a loss, could only let her go on.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Description: character in Dream of the Red Chamber, wife of Jia Zhen[^wikidata]\n- Other forms of address: Eldest Sister You, Zhen's Sister-in-law, Zhen's Wife[^wikidata]\n- Setting recorded on this entry: the dynasty of the novel[^wikidata]\n- Appears in: [[work_cn_q8265|Dream of the Red Chamber]][^zhwiki]",
      "url": "/people/lady-you-q11039789.html",
      "lang": "en",
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh",
        "en"
      ],
      "disambiguation": "Character in Dream of the Red Chamber",
      "isFictional": true,
      "personCategory": "literary character"
    },
    {
      "id": "person_cn_q11046726",
      "type": "person",
      "title": "Wang Jin",
      "slug": "wang-jin-q11046726",
      "aliases": [
        "王进"
      ],
      "summary": "Wang Jin is the arms instructor of the eight-hundred-thousand imperial guards at Dongjing in the novel Water Margin, skilled in all eighteen weapons and above all in the staff. Having offended the grand commandant Gao Qiu, he flees by night with his mother, teaches and takes Shi Jin as a pupil at the Shi estate, then goes on to Yan'an, after which he does not appear in the book. The Chinese Wikipedia article says a historical person of this name also existed.",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-literature"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-fictional-character",
        "tag-classics"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "wikidata",
          "title": "Wikidata Q11046726",
          "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11046726"
        },
        {
          "id": "zhwiki",
          "title": "王进 (宋朝)（维基百科）",
          "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E9%80%B2_(%E5%AE%8B%E6%9C%9D)"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-10-25",
      "updatedAt": "2026-10-25",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 5,
      "body": "Wang Jin is a character in the classical novel Water Margin. Wikidata writes the Chinese name in traditional characters, and the Chinese Wikipedia article is titled Wang Jin (Song dynasty), so the heading stays the personal name. The story is set in the Song dynasty, and he is recorded as male.[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n\n## Appearance\n\nAccording to the Chinese Wikipedia article, Wang Jin is first mentioned in chapter two of the book, titled Instructor Wang Secretly Goes to Yan'an and the Nine-Dragon Shi Jin Makes Trouble at the Shi Estate. He is the instructor of the eight-hundred-thousand imperial guards at Dongjing and Bianliang, a master of all eighteen weapons and above all of the staff. When Gao Qiu took office as grand commandant, he invited the whole court to a feast, and the officials, afraid of his power, all attended. Only Wang Jin, who was gravely ill, could not come. Gao Qiu had him carried from his sickbed and wanted to give him twenty blows, then found that the man who had once humbled him in the street when he was a ruffian was Wang Jin's father. With old and new grudges he wanted to kill Wang Jin, and only the pleas of civil and military officers saved him from punishment.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Flight and the pupil\n\nThe article says Wang Jin, knowing he had offended a petty man, deceived the guards who attended him by saying that he would fulfil a vow and be first to burn incense, and sent them to the Dongyue temple to arrange offerings. In fact he left his post and fled Dongjing by night with his mother toward Yan'an. On the way he stayed at the Shi estate, where old Shi received him warmly. One day he saw Shi Jin practising with a staff and could not help pointing out its flaws. The proud young Shi Jin was angry and demanded a bout, but was easily beaten, and realized that this man was far beyond himself and his former teachers, and hurried to take him as master. To repay the Shi family's kindness, Wang Jin gladly agreed. Half a year later, when Shi Jin had mastered all he knew, Wang Jin took leave of the Shis, and although they urged him to stay he insisted on going so as not to draw them into his trouble with Gao Qiu.[^zhwiki]\n\n## End\n\nThe article says that after Shi Jin killed officials and left home, he hoped to find Wang Jin, and with the help of Lu Zhishen, who had some contacts through his work, learned that Wang Jin had gone to Yan'an to join the elder Marshal Zhong. But when Shi Jin reached Yan'an he still could not find him, and no one there knew where he was. After that the name Wang Jin never appears again in the book. Later film and television adaptations either have him live under an assumed name or already dead.[^zhwiki]\n\n## The historical Wang Jin\n\nThe article says that Northern Song records contain this account: a guard officer named Wang Jin offended a high official in the capital and fled to the old acquaintance of the Younger Zhong's headquarters in Yan'an to defend the border. In the northwest he led troops in small battles with the Western Xia and won them all. He then joined the headquarters of Zhong Shizhong and Zhong Shidao in Hebei as a vanguard, and died fighting beside Zhong Shizhong in the later battle at Taiyuan. The article notes that these records do not say he was an instructor or name Gao Qiu as the official he offended.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Description: character in Water Margin, instructor of the eight-hundred-thousand imperial guards[^wikidata]\n- Setting recorded on this entry: the Song dynasty[^wikidata]\n- Appears in: [[work_cn_q70827|Water Margin]][^zhwiki]",
      "url": "/people/wang-jin-q11046726.html",
      "lang": "en",
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh",
        "en"
      ],
      "disambiguation": "Character in Water Margin",
      "isFictional": true,
      "personCategory": "literary character"
    },
    {
      "id": "person_cn_q11050431",
      "type": "person",
      "title": "Yue Yun",
      "slug": "yue-yun-q11050431",
      "aliases": [
        "岳云"
      ],
      "summary": "Yue Yun (1119–1141), courtesy name Yingxiang, style name Huiqing, was a man of Tangyin in Xiangzhou and the eldest son of the Southern Song general Yue Fei. He joined the army at twelve, led the climb up the walls with two iron mallets in the recovery of the Xiangyang region, and rose to Left Martial Grand Master and defense commissioner of Zhongzhou. After his father was stripped of command in 1141, Qin Gui and Zhang Jun framed him and Zhang Xian, and he was executed with Zhang Xian.",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-history"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-ancient-china"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "wikidata",
          "title": "Wikidata Q11050431",
          "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11050431"
        },
        {
          "id": "zhwiki",
          "title": "岳云（维基百科）",
          "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B2%B3%E4%BA%91"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-10-25",
      "updatedAt": "2026-10-25",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 3,
      "body": "Yue Yun was the eldest son of the Southern Song anti-Jin general Yue Fei. Both Wikidata and the Chinese Wikipedia article are titled Yue Yun, Wikidata also lists the traditional-character form, and its English label is Yue Yun, so the heading stays the personal name. The structured record gives his life as 1119 to 1141, while the body of the Chinese Wikipedia article writes 1119 to 1142, a difference of one year in the death date.[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n\n## Background\n\nThe Chinese Wikipedia article says he was styled Yingxiang, with the style name Huiqing, a man of Tangyin in Xiangzhou. He rose to Left Martial Grand Master, defense commissioner of Zhongzhou and overseer of the Liquan temple, and was later posthumously given the ranks of military commissioner of the Anyuan army and military governor of the Wukang army. In the seventh month of 1130 he joined the army under Zhang Xian, commander of the front army of the Tongtai pacification office, at the age of twelve. In the ninth month of 1133, after Yue Fei had put down Jizhou and Qianzhou, Yue Fei brought him to Lin'an to see Emperor Gaozong. The emperor gave Yue Yun a bow and arrows, a battle robe and a silver-wrapped spear, and by special decree made him an officer of the gate service although he had no military record yet. Yue Fei submitted a memorial declining it, and the emperor refused.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Military deeds\n\nThe article says that in 1134 Yue Fei marched to recover Xiangyang, the prefectures of Tang, Deng, Sui and Ying, and Xinyang army. In the attack on Suizhou, Yue Yun, holding two iron mallets weighing eighty jin, was the first up the wall and the bravest of the three armies. In the seventh month, in the attack on Dengzhou, he again led the climb. But Yue Fei reported only his merit at Suizhou and hid his merit at Dengzhou, so the court only raised him to an officer of loyal instruction and gate service. In 1135 the emperor by special decree made him a gate announcer, and Yue Fei again declined and was again refused. Soon the court discovered his battle merit and made him a martial officer of the wing. In 1137 the court named him a great officer of martial virtue and acting prefect, and Yue Fei again declined. In 1139 he was named great officer of martial display and acting prefect. In 1140, for the victory at Yingchang, he became Left Martial Grand Master and defense commissioner of Zhongzhou.[^zhwiki]\n\n## His death\n\nThe article says that in 1141, after Yue Fei was stripped of command, his army was renamed the Ezhou garrison of the imperial forces, with Wang Gui in charge and Zhang Xian as deputy. Qin Gui and Zhang Jun falsely accused Zhang Xian and Yue Yun of plotting to return Yue Fei to command, and Zhang Jun took them into custody. The censor-in-chief Moqi Xie built a false case. Yue Fei was ordered to die, Zhang Xian and Yue Yun were executed in the marketplace, their descendants were imprisoned and their property was confiscated. In 1161 Emperor Gaozong ordered the descendants of Yue Fei and Zhang Xian released and free to move from their places of exile. In the seventh month of 1162 his offices of Left Martial Grand Master and defense commissioner of Zhongzhou were restored. In 1178 he was posthumously given the rank of military commissioner of the Ningyuan army, and in 1204 that of military governor of the Wukang army.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Descendants\n\nThe article says Yue Yun married Lady Gong, and had two sons, Yue Fu and Yue Shen, and a daughter, Yue Daniang. Yue Fu and Yue Shen were given office in the reign of Emperor Xiaozong, and Yue Fu later served as minister of personnel. Nearly ten thousand descendants of Yue Fei live in the Hefei area of Anhui, direct descendants of Yue Yun.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Courtesy name: Yingxiang; style name: Huiqing[^zhwiki]\n- Home: Tangyin in Xiangzhou[^zhwiki]\n- Dates: 1119 to 1141 in the structured record; 1142 in the article text[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n- Realm and relation: Song dynasty, son of Yue Fei[^wikidata]\n- Portrayal: [[person_cnv_q11050431_q70827|Yue Yun]] (a character in Water Margin)",
      "url": "/people/yue-yun-q11050431.html",
      "lang": "en",
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh",
        "en"
      ],
      "birth": {
        "year": 1119,
        "display": "1119"
      },
      "death": {
        "year": 1141,
        "display": "1141"
      },
      "personCategory": "historical figure"
    },
    {
      "id": "person_cn_q11066568",
      "type": "person",
      "title": "Zhang Gongjin",
      "slug": "zhang-gongjin-q11066568",
      "aliases": [
        "张公谨"
      ],
      "summary": "Zhang Gongjin (594–632), courtesy name Hongshen, was a man of Fanshui in Weizhou and an early Tang general. Before the Xuanwu Gate incident he urged the Prince of Qin to act rather than rely on divination, and during the coup he closed the gate alone against the Crown Prince's troops. As governor of Daizhou he set out six reasons to attack the Eastern Turks, served as Li Jing's deputy, and died in 632 as governor of Xiangzhou with the name Xiang.",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-history"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-ancient-china"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "wikidata",
          "title": "Wikidata Q11066568",
          "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11066568"
        },
        {
          "id": "zhwiki",
          "title": "张公谨（维基百科）",
          "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BC%A0%E5%85%AC%E8%B0%A8"
        },
        {
          "id": "zhengshi",
          "title": "新唐书/卷089（维基文库）",
          "url": "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%94%90%E6%9B%B8/%E5%8D%B7089"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-10-25",
      "updatedAt": "2026-10-25",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 3,
      "body": "Zhang Gongjin was an early Tang general and statesman. Chapter 89 of the New Book of Tang begins that Zhang Gongjin, courtesy name Hongshen, was a man of Fanshui in Weizhou. Wikidata's Chinese label is Zhang Gongjin and its English label is Zhang Gongjin, so the title stays the personal name. This entry records his life as 594 to 2 May 632.[^wikidata][^zhengshi]\n\n## Joining the Tang and the Prince of Qin\n\nThe New Book of Tang says he was an official of Xu Shichong, prefect's chief of staff at Weizhou, and with the prefect Cui Shu he surrendered the city to the Tang. He was made acting assistant in Zouzhou and rose to chief of staff in the right guard, but was not yet known. Li Ji and Yuchi Jingde recommended him several times to the Prince of Qin, who brought him into his office. The Chinese Wikipedia article adds that his grandfather was Zhang Ganzhi and his father Zhang Shiru, and that he joined the Tang in the first year of Wude (618).[^zhengshi][^zhwiki]\n\n## The Xuanwu Gate incident\n\nThe New Book records that when the Prince of Qin was about to move against the Crown Prince and the Prince of Chao, he had a diviner read the omens. Zhang Gongjin came in from outside, threw the tortoise shell to the floor, and said that divination is for settling doubt, that here there was none, and asked what would be the point of divining, and whether he would stop if the result were bad. The prince said well. After the Crown Prince died, his followers attacked the Xuanwu Gate fiercely, and Zhang Gongjin alone shut the gate against them. For this he was made general of the left guard, enfeoffed as Duke of Dingyuan, and given a thousand households in practice. The Chinese Wikipedia article adds that the attackers were two thousand elite troops of the Eastern Palace and the Prince of Qi's household under Feng Li, Xue Wanche and Xie Shufang, and that he, strong of arm, closed the gate alone and held them off.[^zhengshi][^zhwiki]\n\n## Daizhou and the case for attacking the Turks\n\nThe New Book says that in the early Zhenguan years he was governor of Daizhou, established military farms to save grain transport, and often spoke on affairs, with Taizong adopting much of it. He then served as Li Jing's deputy in dealing with the Turks and listed six reasons to attack to the emperor. Jieli was indulging his desires and violence, killing the good and favoring petty men, so the ruler was benighted above. Tribes such as the Tongluo, Pugu, Huihe and Yantuo had set up their own chiefs and were turning on him, so there was revolt below. Tuli had been suspected and fled with light cavalry, Tuoshe's expedition was lost, and Yugu had lost his army, so the troops were beaten and the generals defeated. Frost and drought in the north had left grain supplies short. Jieli was cold to his own Turks and close to the other Hu, whose nature is to turn, so when a great army came there would be trouble inside. And the many Chinese in the north had gathered in strongholds in the hills and would answer when the royal army appeared. Taizong agreed with the plan. After Dingxiang fell and Jieli was beaten, an imperial letter praised him, he was advanced to Duke of Zou, and was made governor of Xiangzhou, where he was known for his kind rule.[^zhengshi]\n\n## Death\n\nThe New Book says he died in office at the age of forty-nine. Taizong planned to go to mourn him, but the officials reported that the day fell on a chen day and it was unlucky. The emperor said that ruler and minister are like father and son, that feeling comes from within, and that nothing was to be avoided, and he mourned him. He was posthumously made grand general of the left valiant guard with the name Xiang. In the thirteenth year of Zhenguan his title was changed to Duke of Tan, and in the Yonghui years he was further given the governorship of Jingzhou. It should be noted that with the structured dates 594 to 632 he would have been about thirty-nine at death, and the Chinese Wikipedia article also gives thirty-nine, noting that the New Book gives forty-nine. The two do not agree, and the age of forty-nine here is the New Book's statement.[^wikidata][^zhengshi][^zhwiki]\n\n## Descendants and the novels\n\nThe New Book says that his son Zhang Daxiao served as secretariat drafter in the Longshuo years and compiled the national history, wrote over a hundred pieces, and ended as chief of staff of Huaizhou, and that his second son Zhang Da'an was given the rank equal to the chancellors in the Shangyuan years. The Chinese Wikipedia article adds that in the Ming and Qing novels Romance of Sui and Tang and Tales of Tang he is a low officer under Luo Yi and later joins the gathering at Jialiu Inn as a general of the Wagang army, and that in Xue Rengui's Eastern Campaign he is killed by the Goguryeo general Gai Suwen. Those are the novels' versions, and they differ from the account in the histories above.[^zhengshi][^zhwiki]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Name: Zhang Gongjin[^zhengshi]\n- Courtesy name: Hongshen[^zhengshi]\n- Home: Fanshui in Weizhou[^zhengshi]\n- Dates recorded on this entry: 594 to 2 May 632[^wikidata]\n- Posthumous name: Xiang[^zhengshi]\n- Birthplace: [[place_cn_130425|Daming County]][^wikidata]\n- Realm and occupation: Tang dynasty, military figure[^wikidata]",
      "url": "/people/zhang-gongjin-q11066568.html",
      "lang": "en",
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh",
        "en"
      ],
      "birth": {
        "year": 594,
        "display": "594"
      },
      "death": {
        "year": 632,
        "display": "632"
      },
      "personCategory": "historical figure"
    },
    {
      "id": "person_cn_q11067541",
      "type": "person",
      "title": "Zhang Shao",
      "slug": "zhang-shao-q11067541",
      "aliases": [
        "张绍"
      ],
      "summary": "Zhang Shao is a character in Investiture of the Gods who sets up the Red Sand formation, one of the Ten Heavenly Lords of Golden Turtle Island. King Wu of Zhou goes in to break it himself and suffers for a hundred days inside before the Southern Pole Immortal rescues him. The Immortal fans away the red sand with the five-fire seven-bird fan, and the White Crane Boy gives Zhang Shao the fatal blow.",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-literature"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-fictional-character",
        "tag-classics"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "wikidata",
          "title": "Wikidata Q11067541",
          "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11067541"
        },
        {
          "id": "zhwiki",
          "title": "张绍 (封神演义)（维基百科）",
          "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BC%A0%E7%BB%8D_(%E5%B0%81%E7%A5%9E%E6%BC%94%E4%B9%89)"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-10-25",
      "updatedAt": "2026-10-25",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 3,
      "body": "Zhang Shao is a character in Investiture of the Gods. Both Wikidata and the Chinese Wikipedia article are titled Zhang Shao, and Wikidata also lists the traditional-character form. It is a name from the novel, so the heading stays Zhang Shao. He is recorded as male, and Wikidata records a death year of 1100 BCE.[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n\n## The Red Sand formation\n\nIn the Chinese Wikipedia list of characters, Zhang Shao's name appears in the entries for the Southern Pole Immortal and King Wu of Zhou, in both cases in connection with the Red Sand formation he sets up. The Southern Pole Immortal is the eldest disciple of the Primal Beginning Heavenly Venerable. He often helps Jiang Ziya but seldom fights directly, and acts only to break Zhang Shao's Red Sand formation and the Wanxian formation of the Heavenly Teacher Tongtian. In breaking the Red Sand formation he fans the red sand away with the five-fire seven-bird fan, and then the White Crane Boy gives Zhang Shao the fatal blow.[^zhwiki]\n\n## King Wu enters the formation\n\nThe article says King Wu, Ji Fa, did not cultivate the Way and was not a general who fights at the front, and he appears very rarely in Investiture of the Gods. He comes forward in person only when Zhang Shao sets up the Red Sand formation, suffers inside it for a hundred days, and is finally rescued by the Southern Pole Immortal, which the article treats as the price he had to pay in the war. The entry on Leizhenzi also mentions that he protected King Wu in the Red Sand formation.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Affiliation\n\nThe article describes the Ten Heavenly Lords, also called nine lords and a sage, as ten practitioners of Golden Turtle Island, each in charge of a mysterious formation. After Wen Zhong lost at Xiqi, they set up their formations one after another against the Zhou officers and the Chan disciples, were all finally broken, and were afterwards invested as regular gods of the Thunder Department. The Red Sand formation is one of the ten fatal formations. The article does not give a separate life of Zhang Shao.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Description: character of Investiture of the Gods[^wikidata]\n- Appears in: [[work_cn_q1336310|Investiture of the Gods]][^zhwiki]",
      "url": "/people/zhang-shao-q11067541.html",
      "lang": "en",
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh",
        "en"
      ],
      "disambiguation": "Character in Investiture of the Gods",
      "isFictional": true,
      "personCategory": "literary character"
    },
    {
      "id": "person_cn_q11068912",
      "type": "person",
      "title": "Zhang Jie",
      "slug": "zhang-jie-q11068912",
      "aliases": [
        "张节"
      ],
      "summary": "Zhang Jie is a fictional character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms, an official of Cao Wei who holds the post of attendant gentleman of the yellow gate. When Sima Yan pressed Emperor Yuan of Wei, Cao Huan, to abdicate, he denounced Sima Yan as a usurper and was beaten to death by Sima Yan's soldiers. Wikidata records his death in 266.",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-literature"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-fictional-character",
        "tag-classics"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "wikidata",
          "title": "Wikidata Q11068912",
          "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11068912"
        },
        {
          "id": "zhwiki",
          "title": "张节 (三国演义)（维基百科）",
          "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BC%B5%E7%AF%80_(%E4%B8%89%E5%9C%8B%E6%BC%94%E7%BE%A9)"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-10-25",
      "updatedAt": "2026-10-25",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 3,
      "body": "Zhang Jie is a fictional character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Wikidata gives his Chinese label as Zhang Jie and describes him as a Cao Wei minister of the novel, so the title stays the name.[^wikidata]\n\n## In the novel\n\nThe Chinese Wikipedia article says he rises to the post of attendant gentleman of the yellow gate. When Sima Yan presses Emperor Yuan of Wei, Cao Huan, to abdicate, Zhang Jie objects and shouts that anyone who does such a thing is a traitor who steals the state. This angers Sima Yan, and Zhang Jie is beaten to death by Sima Yan's soldiers.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Role: fictional character of Romance of the Three Kingdoms, a minister of Cao Wei[^wikidata]\n- Realm of the setting: Great Wei[^wikidata]\n- Death year: 266, as recorded by Wikidata for the character[^wikidata]\n- Appears in: [[work_cn_q70806|Romance of the Three Kingdoms]][^zhwiki]",
      "url": "/people/zhang-jie-q11068912.html",
      "lang": "en",
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh",
        "en"
      ],
      "death": {
        "year": 266,
        "display": "266"
      },
      "disambiguation": "Character in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms",
      "isFictional": true,
      "personCategory": "literary character"
    },
    {
      "id": "person_cn_q11073513",
      "type": "person",
      "title": "Juliusun",
      "slug": "juliusun-q11073513",
      "aliases": [
        "惧留孙"
      ],
      "summary": "Juliusun is a mythological figure of Investiture of the Gods and one of the twelve immortals of Kunlun under the Primordial Heavenly Worthy. He lives in the Feiyun cave on Mount Jialong and has Tu Xingsun as his disciple. With his talisman that turns the ground to steel and his immortal-binding rope he breaks Zhao Jiang's formation in the ten-formation battle, and he later becomes the Buddha Juliusun.",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-literature"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-fictional-character",
        "tag-classics"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "wikidata",
          "title": "Wikidata Q11073513",
          "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11073513"
        },
        {
          "id": "zhwiki",
          "title": "惧留孙（维基百科）",
          "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%83%A7%E7%95%99%E5%AD%99"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-10-25",
      "updatedAt": "2026-10-25",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 3,
      "body": "Juliusun is a mythological figure in Investiture of the Gods. Wikidata gives his Chinese label as Juliusun and describes him as a character of that novel, so the title stays this name.[^wikidata]\n\n## Place in the story\n\nThe Chinese Wikipedia list of characters of the novel says he is a disciple of the Primordial Heavenly Worthy and one of the twelve immortals of Kunlun. His own cave is the Feiyun cave on Mount Jialong, and his disciple is Tu Xingsun.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Treasures and deeds\n\nThe list says Juliusun can travel underground. He does not use this skill in the story, but Tu Xingsun, who learns it, shines in the plot. Juliusun owns a talisman that turns the ground to steel, which counters underground travel, and the immortal-binding rope. In the battle of the ten formations he breaks the earth-splitting formation set up by Zhao Jiang. The list ends by saying that he later becomes the Buddha Juliusun.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Identity: mythological figure[^wikidata]\n- Lineage: under the Primordial Heavenly Worthy, one of the twelve immortals of Kunlun[^zhwiki]\n- Cave: Feiyun cave, Mount Jialong[^zhwiki]\n- Appears in: [[work_cn_q1336310|Investiture of the Gods]][^wikidata]",
      "url": "/people/juliusun-q11073513.html",
      "lang": "en",
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh",
        "en"
      ],
      "disambiguation": "Character in Investiture of the Gods",
      "isFictional": true,
      "personCategory": "mythological figure"
    },
    {
      "id": "person_cn_q11074055",
      "type": "person",
      "title": "Cihang Daoren",
      "slug": "cihang-daoren-q11074055",
      "aliases": [
        "慈航道人"
      ],
      "summary": "Cihang Daoren is a character of Investiture of the Gods, corresponding to the Daoist goddess Cihang Zhenren. The novel makes her a disciple of the Primordial Heavenly Worthy, one of the twelve immortals of Kunlun with her own cave on Mount Putuo, who later joins the Western Buddhist teaching. The cited article notes that the novel merges her with the Buddhist Guanyin.",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-literature"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-fictional-character",
        "tag-classics"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "wikidata",
          "title": "Wikidata Q11074055",
          "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11074055"
        },
        {
          "id": "zhwiki",
          "title": "慈航道人（维基百科）",
          "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%85%88%E8%88%AA%E9%81%93%E4%BA%BA"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-10-25",
      "updatedAt": "2026-10-25",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 3,
      "body": "Cihang Daoren is a character of Investiture of the Gods. Wikidata gives her Chinese label as Cihang Daoren and describes her as a character of that novel. She corresponds to the goddess Cihang Zhenren of Daoism and folk religion. This is a divine title, and the cited sources give no personal name that can be verified, so the title stays as it is.[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n\n## Cihang Zhenren in Daoism\n\nThe Chinese Wikipedia article says Cihang Zhenren, also called Cihang Daoren, Cihang Xiangu and Cihang Dashi, is a goddess of Daoism and Chinese folk belief, found in works such as the Lingbao scripture and the Ming-dynasty Lidai Shenxian Tongjian. After the Tang, scholar-officials urged the unity of the three teachings, and Cihang Zhenren was gradually identified with the bodhisattva Guanyin. Folk images often take the sense of the word for a boat of compassion and show her riding a dragon, a turtle and snake, a great turtle, or a dugout canoe.[^zhwiki]\n\n## The several sources\n\nThe article lists the Daoist sources for her image. The earliest is the Lingbao scripture, written around 397 to 402. The original is lost, and the passage is known only through the Wenxuan kaoyi, which quotes Li Shan's commentary. A king of the Chanli world has a daughter named Miaoyin who cannot speak at four and is abandoned in the mountains. A divine man teaches her and she begins to speak. When a drought ravages the kingdom she shows her true form, and a flood falls from heaven. A later text, the Benxing miaojing of Cihang Yuanjun, tells the tale at greater length and gives her a white jade vase with a willow branch. The Lidai Shenxian Tongjian says a woman immortal lived in the Chaoyin cave of Luojia rock on Putuo and, according to tradition, practiced there in the time of the Shang king, helping people with elixirs and sweet dew, and that people of the southern sea called her Cihang Dashi. The Soushen ji in the Wanli-era Xu Daozang tells the story of Miaoshan, third daughter of King Miaozhuang, who becomes Guanyin.[^zhwiki]\n\n## In Investiture of the Gods\n\nThe article says the Ming-era Investiture of the Gods calls Cihang Zhenren Cihang Daoren. It makes her a disciple of the Primordial Heavenly Worthy, one of the twelve immortals of Kunlun, with her own cave, the Luojia cave on Mount Putuo, and says she later turns to the Western teaching of Buddhism. Because Putuo is the main seat of Guanyin, the novel in effect combines Daoist Cihang Zhenren and Buddhist Guanyin into one character, which may be one reason ordinary people identify the two.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Identity: character of Investiture of the Gods[^wikidata]\n- Titles: Cihang Zhenren, Cihang Daoren, Cihang Dashi and others[^zhwiki]\n- Cave: Luojia cave, Mount Putuo[^zhwiki]\n- Appears in: [[work_cn_q1336310|Investiture of the Gods]][^wikidata]",
      "url": "/people/cihang-daoren-q11074055.html",
      "lang": "en",
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh",
        "en"
      ],
      "disambiguation": "Character in Investiture of the Gods",
      "isFictional": true,
      "personCategory": "mythological figure"
    },
    {
      "id": "person_cn_q11078118",
      "type": "person",
      "title": "Jieyin Daoren",
      "slug": "jieyin-daoren-q11078118",
      "aliases": [
        "接引道人"
      ],
      "summary": "Jieyin Daoren is a character of Investiture of the Gods and, with Zhunti Daoren, a head of the Western teaching, whose role is to lead immortals of the Chan and Jie teachings who have a bond with the West to the West. He is sixteen chi tall and wears his hair in a topknot, and his treasures are the sarira, the green-lotus banner, a whisk and the pouch of heaven and earth. In the Ten Thousand Immortals Formation he gathers into the pouch all who share that bond.",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-literature"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-fictional-character",
        "tag-classics"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "wikidata",
          "title": "Wikidata Q11078118",
          "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11078118"
        },
        {
          "id": "zhwiki",
          "title": "接引道人（维基百科）",
          "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8E%A5%E5%BC%95%E9%81%93%E4%BA%BA"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-10-25",
      "updatedAt": "2026-10-25",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 3,
      "body": "Jieyin Daoren is a character of Investiture of the Gods. Wikidata gives his Chinese label as Jieyin Daoren, describes him as a character of the novel, and lists the alternative name Western Teaching Master. This is a title and the cited sources give no personal name that can be verified, so the title stays as it is.[^wikidata]\n\n## Identity and appearance\n\nThe Chinese Wikipedia list of characters of the novel says that Jieyin Daoren and Zhunti Daoren are the heads of the Western teaching. In the story their part is to lead immortals of the Chan or Jie teachings who have a bond with the Western teaching to the West. Jieyin Daoren is sixteen chi tall and wears his hair in a topknot. His treasures are the sarira, the green-lotus banner, a whisk, and the pouch of heaven and earth.[^zhwiki]\n\n## His part in the story\n\nThe list says that after the Jie teaching master Tongtian mobilizes his disciples to set up the Zhuxian and Ten Thousand Immortals formations, Laozi, the Primordial Heavenly Worthy and the two Western masters Jieyin Daoren and Zhunti Daoren all step in to help Jiang Ziya. The conflict is ended by the mediation of Hongjun. In the Ten Thousand Immortals Formation Jieyin Daoren puts into the pouch every immortal and Daoist who shares a bond with the Western teaching. One of the senior disciples of the Jie teaching, the Holy Mother Guiling, is struck by his prayer beads and returns to her form as a turtle, and the White Lotus Boy then lets mosquitoes drain her to an empty shell.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Identity: character of Investiture of the Gods[^wikidata]\n- Alternative name: Western Teaching Master[^wikidata]\n- Appearance: sixteen chi tall, hair in a topknot[^zhwiki]\n- Treasures: sarira, green-lotus banner, whisk, pouch of heaven and earth[^zhwiki]\n- Appears in: [[work_cn_q1336310|Investiture of the Gods]][^wikidata]",
      "url": "/people/jieyin-daoren-q11078118.html",
      "lang": "en",
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh",
        "en"
      ],
      "disambiguation": "Character in Investiture of the Gods",
      "isFictional": true,
      "personCategory": "mythological figure"
    },
    {
      "id": "person_cn_q11080510",
      "type": "person",
      "title": "Dǒumǔ",
      "slug": "doumu-q11080510",
      "aliases": [
        "斗姥元君"
      ],
      "summary": "Dǒumǔ, also written Doumu, is a Daoist goddess and the mother of the stars of the Northern Dipper. Daoist scriptures make her Lady Ziguang, consort of King Zhouyu in the Longhan age, who bears nine sons from golden lotus buds. She is also merged with Marichi and the Queen Mother of the West. Investiture of the Gods calls her Holy Mother Jinling, teacher of Grand Preceptor Wen, and makes her the spirit of the dipper mother of the Kan palace.",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-literature"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-fictional-character",
        "tag-classics"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "wikidata",
          "title": "Wikidata Q11080510",
          "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11080510"
        },
        {
          "id": "zhwiki",
          "title": "斗姥元君（维基百科）",
          "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%97%E5%A7%A5%E5%85%83%E5%90%9B"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-10-25",
      "updatedAt": "2026-10-25",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 3,
      "body": "Dǒumǔ is a Daoist goddess. Wikidata gives her Chinese label as Doumu Yuanjun and the English form Dǒumǔ, and lists other names such as Doulao, Doumu and Doumu Yuanjun. She is the mother of the stars of the Northern Dipper. These are honorific titles and the cited sources give no personal name that can be verified, so the title stays as it is.[^wikidata]\n\n## Names and origins\n\nThe Chinese Wikipedia article says Doumu Yuanjun, also written with the variant characters for Doumu, is a Daoist goddess and the mother of the stars of the Northern Dipper. The word dou means the dipper stars, and the old form of the word mu means mother. She corresponds to King Zhouyu, called the Father of the Dipper. She appears late in Daoist belief but holds a high rank, and she was originally the Buddhist cult of the three-faced goddess Marichi. When Marichi worship reached China she was honored for prolonging life and averting disaster, and Daoists drew her into their pantheon, calling her the mother of the stars of the Northern Dipper and giving her titles such as Queen of Heaven, Mother of Heaven and Mother of the Dao. According to the Yuxia ji her birthday is the ninth day of the ninth month. In folk practice she was often confused with Mazu, the Dark Lady and Marichi.[^zhwiki]\n\n## What the scriptures say\n\nThe Lingbao Lingjiao jidu jinshu says the Primordial Heavenly Worthy made the Jade Emperor from original yang breath by day and Doumu Yuanjun from original yin breath by night. The Yuqing wushang lingbao ziran Beidou benshengzhenjing says she was the consort of a king named Zhouyu in the Longhan age, with the title Lady Ziguang, who vowed to bear holy sons to help heaven and earth. One spring day she bathed in the warm jade pool among golden lotus flowers in the rear garden. Nine lotus buds opened and nine sons were born. The two eldest are the Heavenly Sovereign and the Emperor of Ziwei, and the other seven are the seven stars of the Dipper, together known as the Nine Sovereigns. Another scripture, the Taishang xuanling Doumu daisheng yuanjun benming yansheng xinjing, treats her as a moon deity with the powers of a physician and gives her a long title that merges her with the Queen Mother of the West. The Qing-era Fanyin douke by Lou Jinyuan calls her the Ancestor of Thunder of the Nine Heavens, transformed from the planet Venus. The article also notes that her image is often three-eyed, four-headed and eight-armed, that the Qingyang Temple in Chengdu has a Doumu hall, and that the Doumu temple at Hougang in Singapore is a temple of the Nine Emperor Gods that mainly worships her.[^zhwiki]\n\n## In Investiture of the Gods\n\nThe article says the Ming novel Investiture of the Gods calls her Holy Mother Jinling, the teacher of Grand Preceptor Wen. Her skill is high and she alone stands against the three great ones Cihang, Manjusri and Samantabhadra to a draw, but she is killed by a surprise attack by Randeng Daoren with the Dinghai pearls. Later, when Jiang Ziya confers titles on the platform of investiture, he makes Holy Mother Jinling the spirit of the dipper mother of the Kan palace, in charge of the groups of stars and of lucky and baleful influences, as mother of the northern, southern, eastern, western and central dippers.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Identity: Daoist goddess, mother of the Northern Dipper stars[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n- Other names: Doulao, Doumu, Doumu Yuanjun, Doulao Tianzun and others[^wikidata]\n- Birthday: the ninth day of the ninth month, according to the Yuxia ji[^zhwiki]\n- Counterpart in the novel: Holy Mother Jinling, made the spirit of the dipper mother of the Kan palace[^zhwiki]\n- Appears in: [[work_cn_q1336310|Investiture of the Gods]][^wikidata]",
      "url": "/people/doumu-q11080510.html",
      "lang": "en",
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh",
        "en"
      ],
      "disambiguation": "Character in Investiture of the Gods",
      "isFictional": true,
      "personCategory": "mythological figure"
    },
    {
      "id": "person_cn_q11089105",
      "type": "person",
      "title": "Zhong Jin",
      "slug": "zhong-jin-q11089105",
      "aliases": [
        "锺进"
      ],
      "summary": "Zhong Jin is a fictional character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms who does not appear in the standard histories. He is the younger brother of Zhong Yao, governor of Chang'an, and a commander under Cao Cao in the novel. When Ma Chao attacks Chang'an, he guards the west gate and is cut down by Pang De when he runs to put out a fire at night.",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-literature"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-fictional-character",
        "tag-classics"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "wikidata",
          "title": "Wikidata Q11089105",
          "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11089105"
        },
        {
          "id": "zhwiki",
          "title": "锺进（维基百科）",
          "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%8D%BE%E9%80%B2"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-10-25",
      "updatedAt": "2026-10-25",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 3,
      "body": "Zhong Jin is a fictional character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Wikidata gives his label as Zhong Jin, written with the traditional form of the character zhong, and describes him as a general under Cao Cao in the novel, so the title stays this name. The Chinese Wikipedia article states plainly that he is not recorded in the standard histories.[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n\n## In the novel\n\nThe article says he is the younger brother of Zhong Yao, governor of Chang'an. When Ma Chao marches against Chang'an to avenge his father, Zhong Jin helps his brother hold the city and guards the west gate. At night a fire breaks out at the west gate. He goes to put it out, and Ma Chao's men slip into the city in the confusion. Ma Chao's officer Pang De attacks at night and cuts Zhong Jin down from his horse with one stroke. Pang De then opens the west gate and lets Ma Chao into Chang'an, and Zhong Yao flees.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Identity: fictional character of Romance of the Three Kingdoms, a general under Cao Cao[^wikidata]\n- Kin: younger brother of Zhong Yao, governor of Chang'an[^zhwiki]\n- Realm of the setting: Han[^wikidata]\n- Appears in: [[work_cn_q70806|Romance of the Three Kingdoms]][^zhwiki]",
      "url": "/people/zhong-jin-q11089105.html",
      "lang": "en",
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh",
        "en"
      ],
      "disambiguation": "Character in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms",
      "isFictional": true,
      "personCategory": "literary character"
    },
    {
      "id": "person_cn_q11089855",
      "type": "person",
      "title": "Puxian Zhenren",
      "slug": "puxian-zhenren-q11089855",
      "aliases": [
        "普贤真人"
      ],
      "summary": "Puxian Zhenren is a character of Investiture of the Gods, a disciple of the Primordial Heavenly Worthy and one of the twelve immortals of Kunlun, with his own cave on Mount Jiugong and the disciple Mu Zha. In the Ten Thousand Immortals Formation he subdues Lingya Xian, who reverts to a white elephant and becomes his mount. He later turns to the West and becomes the bodhisattva Puxian.",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-literature"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-fictional-character",
        "tag-classics"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "wikidata",
          "title": "Wikidata Q11089855",
          "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11089855"
        },
        {
          "id": "zhwiki",
          "title": "普贤真人（维基百科）",
          "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E8%B4%A4%E7%9C%9F%E4%BA%BA"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-10-25",
      "updatedAt": "2026-10-25",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 3,
      "body": "Puxian Zhenren is a character of Investiture of the Gods. Wikidata gives his Chinese label as Puxian Zhenren and describes him as a character of that novel. This is an immortal's title in the book, and the cited sources give no personal name that can be verified, so the title stays as it is.[^wikidata]\n\n## Place in the story\n\nThe Chinese Wikipedia list of characters of the novel says Puxian Zhenren is a disciple of the Primordial Heavenly Worthy and one of the twelve immortals of Kunlun. He has his own cave, the White Crane cave on Mount Jiugong, and the disciple Mu Zha.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Deeds\n\nThe list records two episodes. When Yuan Jiao sets up the cold-ice formation, Puxian Zhenren steps into it on an auspicious cloud, is unharmed, and breaks the formation. In the Ten Thousand Immortals Formation he uses the Taiji talisman seal, borrowed from the Primordial Heavenly Worthy, to hold down Lingya Xian's formation of the two forms, and at the same time reveals his true body. He binds the helpless Lingya Xian with the long-rainbow rope, and Lingya Xian shows his true form, a white elephant. The elephant later becomes Puxian's mount, and Puxian later turns to the West and becomes the bodhisattva Puxian.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Identity: character of Investiture of the Gods[^wikidata]\n- Lineage: under the Primordial Heavenly Worthy, one of the twelve immortals of Kunlun[^zhwiki]\n- Cave: White Crane cave, Mount Jiugong[^zhwiki]\n- Disciple: Mu Zha[^zhwiki]\n- Appears in: [[work_cn_q1336310|Investiture of the Gods]][^wikidata]",
      "url": "/people/puxian-zhenren-q11089855.html",
      "lang": "en",
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh",
        "en"
      ],
      "disambiguation": "Character in Investiture of the Gods",
      "isFictional": true,
      "personCategory": "mythological figure"
    },
    {
      "id": "person_cn_q11091010",
      "type": "person",
      "title": "Cao E",
      "slug": "cao-e-q11091010",
      "aliases": [
        "曹娥"
      ],
      "summary": "Cao E (130 – 143) was a filial daughter of the Eastern Han from Shangyu in Kuaiji. In the second year of Han'an her father Cao Xu drowned in the river during a rite, and his body was not found. At fourteen she wept along the river for seventeen days and then threw herself in. In the first year of Yuanjia the magistrate Du Shang reburied her and set up a stele, and she came to be honored as a water spirit.",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-history"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-ancient-china"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "wikidata",
          "title": "Wikidata Q11091010",
          "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11091010"
        },
        {
          "id": "zhwiki",
          "title": "曹娥（维基百科）",
          "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9B%B9%E5%A8%A5"
        },
        {
          "id": "zhengshi",
          "title": "后汉书·卷84（维基文库）",
          "url": "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E5%BE%8C%E6%BC%A2%E6%9B%B8/%E5%8D%B784"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-10-25",
      "updatedAt": "2026-10-25",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 3,
      "body": "Cao E was a filial daughter of the Eastern Han. The Book of the Later Han, in its biographies of exemplary women, calls her the filial daughter Cao E of Shangyu in Kuaiji. Wikidata gives her Chinese label as Cao E and records her as born in 130 and dead in 143, with her birth place at Shangyu, so the title stays the personal name.[^wikidata][^zhengshi][^zhwiki]\n\n## Her father's drowning and her death\n\nThe Book of the Later Han says her father, named Xu, could play and sing and served as a ritual invocator. On the fifth day of the fifth month of the second year of Han'an, he drowned in the county river while going against the waves to meet a spirit, and his body was not found. Cao E was fourteen. She followed the river weeping day and night without a break, and on the seventeenth day she threw herself into the river and died.[^zhengshi]\n\nThe Chinese Wikipedia article tells it a little differently. It says Cao Xu was a shaman who, at the Dragon Boat festival, took a boat out on the Shun River to meet the tide god Wu Zixu and was drowned. After Cao E drowned herself, five days later her body surfaced holding her father's body. In memory of her filial virtue the villagers renamed the Shun River the Cao E River and made her a water spirit. This is the later account. The Book of the Later Han does not mention the bodies surfacing together or the renaming.[^zhwiki]\n\n## The stele and remembrance\n\nThe Book of the Later Han records that in the first year of Yuanjia the county magistrate Du Shang reburied Cao E beside the road on the south side of the river and set up a stele for her.[^zhengshi] The Chinese Wikipedia article adds that Du Shang first built the Cao E temple and had his pupil Handan Zili, that is Handan Chun, write the inscription. The inscription was praised for its fine phrasing, with the words jue miao hao ci, and is built as a riddle. According to the Shishuo xinyu, Cao Cao once tried to guess it together with Yang Xiu. In 1110 she was granted the title Lady of Spiritual Filial Piety, in 1808 Lady of Blessed Response, and in 1865 the title of Lady of Spiritual Response was added.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Name: Cao E[^zhengshi]\n- Dates recorded on this entry: 130–143[^wikidata]\n- Birthplace: [[place_cn_330604|Shangyu District]][^wikidata]\n- Realm: Eastern Han[^wikidata]\n- Portrayal: [[person_cnv_q11091010_q70806|Cao E]] (a character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms)",
      "url": "/people/cao-e-q11091010.html",
      "lang": "en",
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh",
        "en"
      ],
      "birth": {
        "year": 130,
        "display": "130"
      },
      "death": {
        "year": 143,
        "display": "143"
      },
      "personCategory": "historical figure"
    },
    {
      "id": "person_cn_q11091096",
      "type": "person",
      "title": "Cao Yan",
      "slug": "cao-yan-q11091096",
      "aliases": [
        "曹彦"
      ],
      "summary": "Cao Yan (died 249) was a man of Qiao county in the commandery of Qiao, a son of Cao Zhen and younger brother of Cao Shuang in Cao Wei. When Cao Shuang held the regency he made him an attendant at court. In 249 Cao Shuang accompanied Emperor Cao Fang on a visit to the Gaoping tombs and Sima Yi seized power. Cao Yan was dismissed and soon beheaded for treason, with his three clans exterminated.",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-history"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-ancient-china"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "wikidata",
          "title": "Wikidata Q11091096",
          "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11091096"
        },
        {
          "id": "zhwiki",
          "title": "曹彦（维基百科）",
          "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9B%B9%E5%BD%A5"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-10-25",
      "updatedAt": "2026-10-25",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 3,
      "body": "Cao Yan was a figure of Cao Wei. Wikidata gives his Chinese label as Cao Yan, in the traditional form of the character yan, and records his death in 249 and his occupation as political figure. The Chinese Wikipedia article is titled Cao Yan in the simplified form. The two are the same name, so the title stays as it is.[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n\n## Family and office\n\nThe Chinese Wikipedia article says he was from Qiao county in the commandery of Qiao, a son of Cao Zhen and a younger brother of Cao Shuang. After Emperor Cao Fang came to the throne, Cao Shuang took the regency as general-in-chief and appointed Cao Yan as an attendant at court, with the right to go in and out of the palace.[^zhwiki]\n\n## The coup at the Gaoping tombs\n\nIn the tenth year of Zhengshi (249), Cao Yan went with Cao Shuang and others when Cao Fang visited the Gaoping tombs. Sima Yi took the chance to launch a coup and seized control of Luoyang, and Cao Yan was dismissed. Soon afterwards he was beheaded on a charge of treason, and his three clans were exterminated.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Name: Cao Yan, written with the traditional character in Wikidata[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n- Death: 249[^wikidata]\n- Origin: Qiao county, commandery of Qiao[^zhwiki]\n- Kin: son of Cao Zhen, younger brother of Cao Shuang[^zhwiki]\n- Portrayal: [[person_cn_q124617593|Cao Yan]] (a character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms)",
      "url": "/people/cao-yan-q11091096.html",
      "lang": "en",
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh",
        "en"
      ],
      "death": {
        "year": 249,
        "display": "249"
      },
      "personCategory": "historical figure"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "en",
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    "pageSize": 50,
    "total": 1931,
    "pageCount": 39,
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