postgres /en/people-4.html person_cn_q10922775 person tang-bin-q10922775 唐彬

Tang Bin (235–294), courtesy name Ruzong, was a man of Zou in the state of Lu and a general of Cao Wei and Western Jin. He took up bow and horse in youth and the classics later, served as vanguard under Wang Jun in the conquest of Wu, then commanded Youzhou, where he restored the old wall and pushed back the frontier. He died in office as governor of Yongzhou in 294 with the posthumous name Xiang.

published category-history tag-ancient-china wikidata https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10922775 zhwiki https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%94%90%E5%BD%AC zhengshi https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%99%89%E6%9B%B8/%E5%8D%B7042 2026-10-25 2026-10-25 user:admin 3 Tang Bin was a general from the last years of Cao Wei into the Western Jin. Chapter 42 of the Book of Jin says that Tang Bin, courtesy name Ruzong, came from Zou in the state of Lu. Wikidata's Chinese label is also Tang Bin, so the title stays the personal name. This entry records his life as 235 to 294.[^wikidata][^zhengshi] ## Origins and early life The Book of Jin says his father Tang Tai was grand administrator of Taishan. Tang Bin had the capacity to govern a state and was not bound by petty conduct. In youth he was skilled at bow and horse, loved hunting, stood eight chi tall, could run down a fleeing deer, and was stronger than other men. Only later did he take pleasure in the classics and histories, understanding the Book of Changes especially well. After studying with a teacher he went home and taught, usually with several hundred pupils. He began as a clerk at the commandery gate and became registrar. When the governor Wang Shen gathered his staff to debate how to resist Wu and asked the officials of nine commanderies, Tang Bin and Zhang Hun, registrar of Qiao, both argued that Wu could be absorbed, and Wang Shen approved. He then had Tang Bin refute those who said Wu could not be attacked, and their arguments gave way. Tang Bin rose to merit officer, was recommended as filial and incorrupt, was appointed registrar of the province and advanced to assistant governor.[^zhengshi] ## Service under Jin The Book says that when he went to the chancellor's office on business, the staff there were the outstanding men of the age, and all admired him. They praised him to Emperor Wen, Sima Zhao, and recommended him as a clerk. When Sima Zhao asked the military adviser Kong Hao, Kong Hao was jealous of his talent and did not answer for a long time. Chen Qian, seated there, raised his tablet and said that Tang Bin was far better than himself, and Sima Zhao appointed him to the armor bureau. When Deng Ai was put to death, Sima Zhao feared unrest on the frontier because Deng Ai had long held Longyou and won the troops' loyalty, and sent Tang Bin to look into it quietly. Tang Bin reported that Deng Ai was jealous, proud, and had lost men's hearts, that the people of Longyou welcomed his fall, and that the armies now arrived were enough to hold the land. He was then appointed gentleman of the water works. In the early Taishi years he was made Marquis within the Passes, served as magistrate of Ye, where the people were reformed within a month, and as grand administrator of Yiyang. After mourning his mother he was considered for the post of army inspector of Yizhou, which bordered Wu. Emperor Wu asked the mounted attendant Wen Li, who said that Tang Bin loved wealth and Yang Zong loved wine. The emperor said that desire for wealth could be satisfied while a taste for wine was hard to change, and chose Tang Bin. He was soon also put in charge of military affairs in Badong, made general who broadens military power, and his plan for attacking Wu pleased the emperor. The Chinese Wikipedia article gives the same account.[^zhengshi][^zhwiki] ## The conquest of Wu He campaigned against Wu with Wang Jun, held the key points and led the other armies. He often set up decoy forces and won by seizing the moment, took Xiling and Lexiang and captured many. Along the river from Baling and Miankou eastward, the rebels were terrified and surrendered. He knew the enemy was exhausted and that Sun Hao was about to surrender, so when he was two hundred li from Jianye he claimed illness and slowed his march to show he did not compete for credit. As he foresaw, those who arrived first fought over goods and those who arrived later fought over credit, and the discerning praised his conduct. After Wu fell, an edict praised him for guarding the east against Wu, overseeing the southern tribes and quieting the borders, and made him general of the right and supervisor of military affairs in Badong. He was recalled as colonel of the aiding wing, re-enfeoffed as Marquis of Shangyong with six thousand households, and given six thousand bolts of silk. He often took part in court deliberations.[^zhengshi] ## The northern frontier When northern tribes raided Beiping, he was made supervisor of military affairs in Youzhou, protector of the Wuhuan, and general of the right. On arrival he trained the troops, repaired weapons, widened farming, displayed power and made known the state's commands with kindness and good faith. Two Xianbei groups under Mohui and Zhehe sent hostages and tribute. He also founded schools and taught without tiring, and extended the old frontier, pushing back the line by a thousand li. He restored the old Qin wall from Wencheng to Jieshi, running nearly three thousand li through the valleys, stationed troops in sections, and set beacon towers within sight of each other. The Book says the frontier became quiet and that no earlier commander since Han and Wei could compare. The Xianbei, afraid, killed Mohui. Tang Bin wanted to attack them, but feared that if he waited for a reply the raiders would scatter, so he called up carts and oxen from Youzhou and Jizhou. His staff officer Xu Zhi secretly reported it, and the court sent an inspector with a prison cart to bring him before the commandant of justice, but he was released when the facts were clear. The people, remembering his merit, set up a stele and wrote a eulogy for him while he was still alive.[^zhengshi] ## Later life and death The Book of Jin says that he first studied under Yan De of Donghai, who had many students but said that only Tang Bin had the talent of the court. When Tang Bin gained office, Yan De had already died, and Tang Bin set up a stele for him. In the early Yuankang years he was made general of the van, protector of the western tribes and governor of Yongzhou. He issued a notice that Yongzhou was a famous region with many scholars, and invited four retired scholars, Huangfu Shenshu, Yan Shulong, Jiang Maoshi and Liang Ziyuan, to join him as guests rather than subordinates. All four came, and he treated them with respect. He died in office in the fourth year of Yuankang at sixty, and received the name Xiang, two hundred bolts of silk and two hundred thousand cash. His elder son Tang Si rose to governor of Guangling, and his younger son Tang Qi was a military adviser.[^zhengshi] ## Basic facts - Name: Tang Bin[^zhengshi] - Courtesy name: Ruzong[^zhengshi] - Home: Zou in the state of Lu[^zhengshi] - Dates recorded on this entry: 235 to 294[^wikidata] - Posthumous name: Xiang[^zhengshi] - Realm and occupation: Cao Wei and Western Jin, general[^wikidata] /people/tang-bin-q10922775.html en zh en 235 235 294 294 historical figure person_cn_q10927869 person tuxingsun-q10927869 土行孙

Tuxingsun is a disciple of Judge Liusun in Investiture of the Gods, no more than four chi tall, who can travel a thousand li a day underground. Egged on by Shen Gongbao, he steals his master's binding rope, becomes a subordinate of Deng Jiugong, marries Deng Chanyu, and later goes over to the Zhou. At Mianchi he meets Zhang Kui, who is better at underground travel, and is killed, later becoming the Earth Mansion star.

published category-literature tag-fictional-character tag-classics wikidata https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10927869 zhwiki https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E8%A1%8C%E5%AD%99 2026-10-25 2026-10-25 user:admin 3 Tuxingsun is a character in Investiture of the Gods. Both Wikidata and the Chinese Wikipedia article are titled 土行孙, and Wikidata also lists the traditional-character form. It is a name from the novel, so the heading stays Tuxingsun. He is recorded as male.[^wikidata][^zhwiki] ## Background and leaving the mountain The Chinese Wikipedia list of characters says he is a disciple of Judge Liusun, no more than four chi tall and unremarkable in looks, but able to travel underground, covering a thousand li in a day. Although he belongs to the Chan school, Shen Gongbao egged him on, and he stole his master's binding rope and elixirs and left the mountain to serve as a subordinate of Deng Jiugong at Sanshan Pass. Deng Jiugong, seeing that he did not look like much, made him only a grain supervisor, and began to use him fully only after he and his daughter had been beaten by the Zhou camp.[^zhwiki] ## Under Deng Jiugong The article says Tuxingsun used an iron bar, struck at his opponents' lower bodies by surprise through underground travel, and then caught them with the binding rope. After he captured Nezha and Huang Tianhua, Deng Jiugong, flushed with wine at a banquet, promised him his daughter Deng Chanyu. Yang Jian saw through his magic tool and asked Judge Liusun to come down the mountain and subdue him, and Tuxingsun had to go over to the Zhou. Jiang Ziya then planned things so that his wife Deng Chanyu and his father-in-law Deng Jiugong also joined the Zhou camp.[^zhwiki] ## With the Zhou and his end Among the Zhou, Tuxingsun still excelled through underground travel. He fought hard against Zheng Lun, Ma Yuan and others and slipped into the enemy camp to rescue Huang Tianlu when he was taken, though once, after failing in an attempt to steal Yu Yuan's mount, he was caught and nearly beheaded by Jiang Ziya. Advancing to Mianchi county, he met the commander Zhang Kui, who was more skilled in underground travel than he was, and he was killed for being outmatched. He was finally invested as the Earth Mansion star.[^zhwiki] ## Basic facts - Description: character of Investiture of the Gods[^wikidata] - Appears in: [[work_cn_q1336310|Investiture of the Gods]][^zhwiki] /people/tuxingsun-q10927869.html en zh en Character in Investiture of the Gods true literary character person_cn_q10932568 person duobao-daoren-q10932568 多宝道人

Duobao Daoren (Daoist of Many Treasures) is a senior disciple of the Heavenly Teacher Tongtian in Investiture of the Gods, listed with Jinling Shengmu, Wudang Shengmu and Guiling Shengmu. Tongtian gives him four swords to set up the Zhuxian formation, but Taishang Laojun sweeps him away with a wind-and-fire cushion. His disciple is Huoling Shengmu.

published category-literature tag-fictional-character tag-classics wikidata https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10932568 zhwiki https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E5%AE%9D%E9%81%93%E4%BA%BA 2026-10-25 2026-10-25 user:admin 3 Duobao Daoren is a character in Investiture of the Gods. Both Wikidata and the Chinese Wikipedia article are titled Duobao Daoren. It is his Daoist name, and the book gives no other personal name, so the heading stays Duobao Daoren. He is recorded as male.[^wikidata][^zhwiki] ## Place in the Jie school The Chinese Wikipedia list of characters places him under the disciples of the Heavenly Teacher Tongtian, together with Jinling Shengmu, Wudang Shengmu (also written Wudang Shengmu) and Guiling Shengmu, as the four senior disciples of the earlier generation.[^zhwiki] ## The Zhuxian formation The article says that after Guang Chengzi killed Huoling Shengmu at Jiameng Pass and visited the Biyou Palace three times, Tongtian gave Duobao Daoren four swords and had him set up the Zhuxian formation. Taishang Laojun swept him away with a wind-and-fire cushion.[^zhwiki] ## Disciples and fellows The list also records Huoling Shengmu as his disciple. She has the Golden Mist Crown, burned the Zhou camp with three thousand fire-dragon soldiers, and was killed by Guang Chengzi with the Fantian seal, which set off the full confrontation between the Chan and Jie schools, and she was afterwards invested as the Fire Mansion star. Among those listed with him, Jinling Shengmu fought the Chan immortals in the Wanxian formation and was killed by Randeng Daoren with the Dinghai pearl, and was made Doumu Yuanjun. Wudang Shengmu left early when the tide turned. Guiling Shengmu was struck back into a tortoise by Jieyin Daoren's prayer beads and then drained to an empty shell by mosquitoes released by the White Lotus Boy.[^zhwiki] ## Basic facts - Description: character of Investiture of the Gods[^wikidata] - Appears in: [[work_cn_q1336310|Investiture of the Gods]][^zhwiki] /people/duobao-daoren-q10932568.html en zh en Character in Investiture of the Gods true literary character person_cn_q10940503 person tenno-taitei-q10940503 天皇大帝

Tianhuang Dadi, in full the Supreme Emperor of the Curved Array's Upper Palace, also called the Gouchen Emperor, is one of the Four Sovereigns of Daoism and the lord of the Tianhuang star. He is the eldest son of Doumu Yuanjun and the elder brother of the Ziwei Emperor. He assists the Jade Emperor in ruling heaven, earth and humanity and presides over war, and his Curved Array star is linked to the fortunes of earthly emperors.

published category-literature tag-fictional-character tag-classics wikidata https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10940503 zhwiki https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E7%9A%87%E5%A4%A7%E5%B8%9D 2026-10-25 2026-10-25 user:admin 4 Tianhuang Dadi is a deity of ancient Chinese star worship and of Daoism. Wikidata classes him as a deity and lists the other names Gouchen Emperor and Tianhuang Emperor, and the Chinese Wikipedia article is titled Tianhuang Dadi. It is a divine title, not a personal name, so the heading stays the original title.[^wikidata][^zhwiki] ## In Daoism The Chinese Wikipedia article says that Tianhuang Dadi, in full the Supreme Emperor of the Curved Array's Upper Palace, also called the Gouchen Emperor, is the lord of the Tianhuang star, one of the Four Sovereigns of Daoism, the eldest son of Doumu Yuanjun and the elder brother of the Ziwei Emperor of the north pole. He assists the Jade Emperor in governing the three powers of heaven, earth and humanity, presides over the affairs of war on earth, including all arms and fighting, and also over the change of regimes and the choosing of worthy rulers. In Chinese astrology, the Curved Array star to which he belongs, like the Ziwei star, stands for the fortunes of earthly emperors. Like the Ziwei Emperor, he comes from the ancient worship of the stars. The article quotes the Great Rite of the Numinous Treasure of Highest Clarity, which says that to the left of the pole star's throne are four stars that curve together like a hook and are called the Curved Array, and that the large star centered below them is Tianhuang Dadi. It also says that in Taiwan he has no temples of his own, and is usually enshrined as a companion deity of Doumu Yuanjun or together with the other Four or Six Sovereigns.[^zhwiki] ## Old texts and the Confucian view The article quotes the Treatise on Astronomy in the Book of Jin, which says that the six stars of the Curved Array are all in the Ziwei Palace, that the star in its mouth is called Tianhuang Dadi, and that his divine name is Yaopobao, who rules the host of spirits and holds the chart of the myriad gods. It also notes that on the Rites' sentence about sacrificing to the August Heaven, Zheng Xuan took Tianhuang Dadi to be Yaopobao, and that the Old Book of Tang says the August Heaven worshipped at the round mound was the polar star Yaopobao.[^zhwiki] ## The stars The article says that the Curved Array is an ancient Chinese star group near the north celestial pole made up of six stars, four of which lie in Ursa Minor and two in Cepheus in Western astronomy. Gouchen One is Alpha Ursae Minoris, the pole star. The six stars are bent like a hook and were once regarded as the Yellow Emperor's rear palace and the heavenly emperor's principal consort.[^zhwiki] ## Basic facts - Category: deity, associated with the Curved Array star group[^wikidata] - Other names: Gouchen Emperor, Tianhuang (deity)[^wikidata] - Work linked on this entry: [[work_cn_q70784|Journey to the West]] /people/tenno-taitei-q10940503.html en zh en Character in Journey to the West true mythological figure person_cn_q10943581 person queen-consort-jiang-q10943581 姜王后

Queen Consort Jiang is the first queen of King Zhou of Shang in Investiture of the Gods and the earlier tale of King Wu's Attack on Zhou. She is the daughter of Jiang Huanchu, Lord of the Eastern Marches, and the mother of the crown princes Yin Jiao and Yin Hong. Framed by Daji, she is demoted and put into the cold palace, is restored, and then dies at Daji's hands, afterwards becoming the Taiyin star. The sources give no personal name.

published category-literature tag-fictional-character tag-classics wikidata https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10943581 zhwiki https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A7%9C%E7%8E%8B%E5%90%8E 2026-10-25 2026-10-25 user:admin 7 Queen Consort Jiang is the queen of King Zhou of Shang in the Song-era tale King Wu's Attack on Zhou and in the Ming novel Investiture of the Gods. Both Wikidata and the Chinese Wikipedia article are titled Queen Consort Jiang, and Wikidata also lists forms such as Queen Jiang and Empress Jiang. There is only a surname and the title of queen, and no personal name, so the heading stays Queen Consort Jiang. She is set in the Shang dynasty and recorded as female.[^wikidata][^zhwiki] ## Identity The Chinese Wikipedia article says she is the first queen King Zhou invested, the daughter of Jiang Huanchu, Lord of the Eastern Marches, and the mother of his two sons Yin Jiao and Yin Hong, and the mortal enemy of Daji. She was exceptionally beautiful. When Daji was first chosen for the palace and honored as noble consort, she did not know Lady Jiang, and only after a few months did they become acquainted. Two years later Lady Jiang was made queen, which aroused Daji's jealousy, and Daji set a series of plots against her.[^zhwiki] ## Demotion and restoration The article says that after she was framed, King Zhou demoted her to consort and put her in the cold palace. Daji rose in favor while Lady Jiang stayed alone in the cold palace. Her sons Yin Jiao and Yin Hong told the king everything, but he believed Daji's slanders and, instead of heeding his sons, had both crown princes beaten with staves. Two months later Lady Yin, wife of Li Jing, praised Lady Jiang's virtues before the king, who then released her, and that night he made her queen again.[^zhwiki] ## Cause of death The article writes that once, tipsy with wine, Daji went out in disguise with the king, and on returning two hours later the noble consort Su had the queen beaten thirty strokes and put into the cold palace again. To prove she had done nothing wrong, the queen sent a message by pigeon to Lady Yin. Lady Yin came and found the queen gouging out her own eyes. She tried to stop her, but the queen was already dead. After that the king made Daji queen. The queen's two sons, Yin Jiao and Yin Hong, disliked Daji, and Daji slandered them to the king and had them killed. The article adds that after her death the queen was invested as the Taiyin star among the regular gods of the stars.[^zhwiki] ## On screen The article lists a number of actresses who played Queen Jiang or Empress Jiang in various screen adaptations, for example Lü Shan in the TVB series Fengshen Bang and Yuan Quan in the film Creation of the Gods I.[^zhwiki] ## Basic facts - Description: first queen of King Zhou of Shang in Investiture of the Gods[^wikidata] - Setting recorded on this entry: the Shang dynasty[^wikidata] - Appears in: [[work_cn_q1336310|Investiture of the Gods]][^zhwiki] /people/queen-consort-jiang-q10943581.html en zh en Character in Investiture of the Gods true literary character person_cn_q10944892 person sun-shaozu-q10944892 孙绍祖

Sun Shaozu is the husband of Jia Yingchun in Dream of the Red Chamber, nicknamed the Wolf of Zhongshan. He is from Datong prefecture in Shanxi, descended from army officers, and was once a protege of the Ning and Rong houses. Coarse and vile, he loves women, gambling and drink, and he abuses Yingchun until she dies. After the Jia family's property is seized, he writes to Jia Zheng demanding money that Jia She owed him.

published category-literature tag-fictional-character tag-classics wikidata https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944892 zhwiki https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AD%99%E7%BB%8D%E7%A5%96 2026-10-25 2026-10-25 user:admin 3 Sun Shaozu is a character in the classical Chinese novel Dream of the Red Chamber, nicknamed the Wolf of Zhongshan. Both Wikidata and the Chinese Wikipedia article are titled Sun Shaozu, and Wikidata also lists the traditional-character form. It is the character's name in the novel, so the heading stays Sun Shaozu. The story is set in the dynasty of the novel, and he is recorded as male.[^wikidata][^zhwiki] ## In the story The Chinese Wikipedia article says that Sun Shaozu is from Datong prefecture in Shanxi, descended from army officers, and was at the time a protege of the Ning and Rong houses. His wife is Jia Yingchun, one of the Twelve Beauties of Jinling. He is coarse and extremely vile, loves women, gambling and drink, and has abused almost all the wives and maids in his household. When Jia Yingchun first came home for a short stay she was already in tears. Jia Baoyu asked his father Jia Zheng to let her stay in the Grand View Garden. Jia Zheng and Lady Wang were reluctant, but by the rules of a great household they did not keep her. In the end Yingchun died of Sun Shaozu's cruelty. After the Jia house was raided, he also wrote to Jia Zheng, saying that Jia She had once owed him money and demanding that Jia Zheng repay it.[^zhwiki] ## How he is written The article says that Cao Xueqin never lets Sun Shaozu appear in person in the book. By the method of powdering the back, he makes Sun Shaozu's ungrateful, cruel, shameless and kick-them-when-down character stand out through the accounts of Jia Yingchun and others.[^zhwiki] ## Basic facts - Description: character of Dream of the Red Chamber, husband of Yingchun[^wikidata] - Nickname: Wolf of Zhongshan[^zhwiki] - Setting recorded on this entry: the dynasty of the novel[^wikidata] - Appears in: [[work_cn_q8265|Dream of the Red Chamber]][^zhwiki] /people/sun-shaozu-q10944892.html en zh en Character in Dream of the Red Chamber true literary character person_cn_q10945095 person meng-zong-q10945095 孟宗

Meng Zong (died 271), courtesy name Gongwu, was a man of Jiangxia and a senior minister of late Eastern Wu who rose to minister of works. He later changed his name to Meng Ren to avoid a taboo on the courtesy name of Sun Hao, and is the hero of the filial tale of weeping in the bamboo grove that brought forth shoots, in the Twenty-four Paragons of Filial Piety. He died in the ninth month of 271 and was buried at Wuchang.

published category-history tag-ancient-china wikidata https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10945095 zhwiki https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AD%9F%E5%AE%97 2026-10-25 2026-10-25 user:admin 3 Meng Zong was a senior minister of late Eastern Wu in the Three Kingdoms period who rose to minister of works. Both Wikidata and the Chinese Wikipedia article are titled Meng Zong. Wikidata also lists the alias Meng Ren, a name he took later to avoid the courtesy name of Sun Hao, the last emperor of Wu, so the heading stays Meng Zong. This entry records his death as 271, with no known birth year.[^wikidata][^zhwiki] ## Origins and career The Chinese Wikipedia article says he was styled Gongwu and was from Jiangxia. As a young man he studied under Li Su of Nanyang, working hard day and night, and Li Su praised him as having the talent of a chancellor. After joining Wu, he first served as a military clerk under the general Zhu Ju, then as marshal at the salt pond and magistrate of Wu. While he was magistrate of Wu his mother died. Under the law of Wu, a local magistrate who left his post for the funeral without leave could be put to death. He ignored the danger and went home to mourn, then reported himself at Wuchang to await judgment, and Lu Xun saved him from execution. He later became grand administrator of Yuzhang and rose to minister of the imperial household. After Sun Chen took power he attached himself to Sun Chen. In 258 he was sent by Sun Chen to announce the deposition of Sun Liang at the ancestral temple. After Sun Xiu took the throne, Sun Chen planned a revolt and had Meng Zong ask Sun Xiu to let him station troops at Wuchang, and soon Sun Chen was put to death by Sun Xiu. In the winter of 262 Sun Xiu appointed him right censor-in-chief.[^zhwiki] ## Change of name and last years The article says that in 264, when Sun Hao succeeded, Meng Zong changed his name to Meng Ren because Sun Hao's courtesy name was Yuanzong. In 267 Sun Hao ordered him, with the minister of ceremonies Yao Xin, to lead a ceremonial party to Mingling to invite the spirit of Sun Hao's father Sun He, and saw them off in person. In the second month of 268 he became minister of works, and in the ninth month of 271 he died and was buried at Wuchang.[^zhwiki] ## Filial conduct The article relates that while serving as a military clerk under Zhu Ju he brought his mother to live in the camp. He often felt his ambitions thwarted, and on a rainy night when the roof leaked he wept and apologized to his mother, who told him to work hard and said there was nothing to cry about. As marshal of the Leichi fishery he wove a net himself, caught fish and sent them to his mother, who sent them back to avoid suspicion and never ate fish again. As grand administrator of Yuzhang he benefited the people, and many in the area gave their children the name Meng out of gratitude. The article also says that as minister of the imperial household he once vomited barley rice after getting drunk at a banquet. The emperor decreed to ask whether his household was short of rice, and he answered that there was enough, but that he was more content eating barley.[^zhwiki] ## Weeping in the bamboo grove The article says Meng Zong's mother liked bamboo shoots and wanted some near the winter solstice, when shoots do not grow. Unable to find any, he wept in a bamboo grove, and shoots suddenly sprang up so that he could bring them home. People held that his great filial piety moved Heaven. A kind of bamboo is called Meng Zong bamboo after him and is one of the important winter shoots. The tale was later adapted into the Twenty-four Paragons of Filial Piety.[^zhwiki] ## Assessment The article quotes Lu Ji's Discourse on the Fall of Wu, which names him with Ding Gu and others among the ministers, and a comment by He Zhuo that, in the matter of announcing Sun Liang's deposition at the temple, he had no great integrity to his credit.[^zhwiki] ## Basic facts - Courtesy name: Gongwu[^zhwiki] - Other name: Meng Ren (taken to avoid a taboo)[^wikidata][^zhwiki] - Death year: 271[^wikidata] - Realm: Eastern Wu, senior minister[^wikidata] - Portrayal: [[person_cn_q124664065|Meng Zong]] (a character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms) /people/meng-zong-q10945095.html en zh en 271 271 historical figure person_cn_q10952228 person su-yuanjing-q10952228 宿元景

Su Yuanjing is a grand commandant of the court in the novel Water Margin, who fits a prophecy of the Mysterious Lady of the Nine Heavens. Honest, loyal and upright, he strongly favors amnesty for Liangshan. The court sends edicts three times, and only the third, carried by him, succeeds. The Liangshan heroes also rely on his protection whenever they fall into danger.

published category-literature tag-fictional-character tag-classics wikidata https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10952228 zhwiki https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%BF%E5%85%83%E6%99%AF 2026-10-25 2026-10-25 user:admin 3 Su Yuanjing is a character in the classical novel Water Margin. Wikidata records him as male and as a politician, and lists the form of address Grand Commandant Su. Both Wikidata and the Chinese Wikipedia article are titled Su Yuanjing, and the story is set in the Song dynasty, so the heading stays Su Yuanjing.[^wikidata][^zhwiki] ## His place in the novel According to the Chinese Wikipedia article, he is the grand commandant of the court and fits the prophecy of the Mysterious Lady. When Shi Jin and Lu Zhishen were trapped in Huazhou, he happened to be on an imperial mission to offer incense, which let Wu Yong trick the golden bells into place and take the city.[^zhwiki] ## Support for amnesty The article says he is honest, loyal and upright, and strongly favors amnesty for the outlaws. The court sent down edicts three times, and only the third succeeded, with him as envoy. Whenever the Liangshan heroes fell into repeated danger, it was his protection that kept their situation safe.[^zhwiki] ## Basic facts - Description: character in Water Margin[^wikidata] - Form of address: Grand Commandant Su[^wikidata] - Setting recorded on this entry: the Song dynasty[^wikidata] - Appears in: [[work_cn_q70827|Water Margin]][^zhwiki] /people/su-yuanjing-q10952228.html en zh en Character in Water Margin true literary character person_cn_q10955099 person ning-sui-q10955099 寗随

Ning Sui is a fictional character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms, a Shu Han general serving as Jiang Wei's deputy. In the Wei conquest of Shu, the Wei general Zhuge Xu holds the Yinping bridgehead to cut off Jiang Wei's retreat, and Ning Sui proposes striking what the enemy must rescue: Jiang Wei should feign an attack on Yongzhou to draw Zhuge Xu back.

published category-literature tag-fictional-character tag-classics wikidata https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10955099 zhwiki https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AF%97%E9%9A%A8 2026-10-25 2026-10-25 user:admin 3 Ning Sui is a fictional character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms and a general of Shu Han. Wikidata writes his Chinese name with the traditional form, simplified as 宁随, and also lists the variant spelling 甯隨. The Chinese Wikipedia article is titled the same, so the heading stays the name as given in the novel. The story is set in Shu Han and he is recorded as male.[^wikidata][^zhwiki] ## In the novel The Chinese Wikipedia article says that some editions write the surname with a variant character pronounced the same as the common Ning, and that in the novel he is Jiang Wei's deputy. In the Wei conquest of Shu, the Wei general Zhuge Xu camped at the Yinping bridgehead and cut off Jiang Wei's retreat. Ning Sui advised Jiang Wei to strike what the enemy must rescue, and to feign an attack on Yongzhou so that Zhuge Xu would turn back to save it. Zhuge Xu fell for it and, fearing for his rear, broke camp and withdrew. When he later saw what Jiang Wei intended, he at once turned back to block him, but he was a step too late, and led his troops to Jiange to find Zhong Hui. This episode is in chapter 117 of the novel.[^zhwiki] ## A further remark in the article The article's section on related works has one sentence saying that in the Jiang Wei biography of the Records of the Three Kingdoms he is the new identity of Ma Su, who died in prison after the loss of Jieting, and that he helped the northern campaigns as Jiang Wei's adviser. The sentence is unclear and gives no basis, so it is not adopted here and is noted only because the article says it.[^zhwiki] ## Basic facts - Description: fictional character of Romance of the Three Kingdoms, general of Shu Han[^wikidata] - Setting recorded on this entry: Shu Han[^wikidata] - Appears in: [[work_cn_q70806|Romance of the Three Kingdoms]][^zhwiki] /people/ning-sui-q10955099.html en zh en Character in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms true literary character person_cn_q10959991 person xiaohong-q10959991 小红

Lin Hongyu is a maid of the Rongguo house in Dream of the Red Chamber. Because her name clashed with those of Daiyu and Baoyu, she came to be called Xiaohong or Hong'er. She is the daughter of Lin Zhixiao, the second steward of the Rong house, begins with rough tasks in Yihong Court, and is later taken by Wang Xifeng to run errands. She and Jia Yun like each other, and the commentary hints that she may play an important part in the lost chapters after the eightieth.

published category-literature tag-fictional-character tag-classics wikidata https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10959991 zhwiki https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E7%BA%A2 2026-10-25 2026-10-25 user:admin 3 Lin Hongyu is a character in the Qing novel Dream of the Red Chamber. Wikidata records her birth name as Lin Hongyu and lists the English alias Lin Hongyu, and the Chinese Wikipedia article also takes Lin Hongyu as her name, with Xiaohong and Hong'er as later forms, so the heading is changed to her full name. She is a maid of the Rongguo house, set in the dynasty of the novel, and recorded as female.[^wikidata][^zhwiki] ## Position and the change of name The Chinese Wikipedia article says she is seventeen when she first appears, "clean and pretty", and that her family have been servants of the Rongguo house for generations. Her father is Lin Zhixiao, the second steward of the Rong house. When the Grand View Garden was finished she was assigned to Yihong Court. Later Yuanchun ordered Baoyu, Daiyu, Baochai and others to move into the garden, and Baoyu took up residence in Yihong Court. Because her name clashed with those of Daiyu and Baoyu, Hongyu came to be called Xiaohong or Hong'er. In Yihong Court her place is low. She carries water, waters flowers, feeds birds and lights stoves, and has no standing to wait on Baoyu directly. Once, when no maid was in the room, she went in to pour Baoyu tea and Qiuwen spat at her face and scolded her as unworthy of passing tea and water. Disappointed in her prospects, she sees through the world and sighs that a thousand-mile awning must come down and every banquet must end.[^zhwiki] ## With Wang Xifeng The article says that on the Festival of Grain in Ear, when Wang Xifeng toured the garden without her own maid, she had Hongyu run an errand. She liked how capable Hongyu was and how crisply she spoke, and nearly took her as a goddaughter, which was prevented only because Hongyu's mother was already Xifeng's goddaughter and the generations did not fit. Later she asked Baoyu to give Hongyu to her. But Xiaohong was not given much responsibility there either, and appears only three more times in the first eighty chapters.[^zhwiki] ## With Jia Yun The article says that Hongyu and Jia Yun, from a collateral branch of the Jia clan, like each other, and their story is summed up as the foolish girl who loses a handkerchief and brings on longing. Jia Yun, keeping an appointment with Baoyu, waited in the outer study and met Hongyu, and asked her to pass on a message. The next day she could not find her handkerchief and dreamed Jia Yun had picked it up. Later, when Baoyu was bewitched and Jia Yun kept watch with servants day and night, Hongyu saw that her lost handkerchief seemed to be in his hands. When the little maid Zhuier led Jia Yun to Yihong Court, Hongyu asked Zhuier to help look for the handkerchief. Jia Yun said he had found one, but gave Zhuier his own handkerchief to pass to Hongyu. She took it and falsely said it was hers, and gave Zhuier another to pass to Jia Yun in thanks.[^zhwiki] ## The lost manuscript and the last forty chapters The article says that, according to the commentary of Zhiyan Zhai, the lost chapters after the eightieth contain episodes such as the confiscation and the Temple of the Prison God, in which Hongyu is active and an important positive character, directly helping Baoyu. The scholar Song Qi guesses that during the confiscation she served Xifeng faithfully, and that when Xifeng and Baoyu were briefly held in the temple she and Jia Yun brought food and clothing in their hour of need. Shen Zhijun guesses that she reached outlaws such as Ni Er through Jia Yun to try to save them, and died for being drawn into Baoyu's trouble. As to her love with Jia Yun, Song Qi thinks they would marry, while Shen Zhijun thinks it may end in tragedy like that of Baoyu and Daiyu. These are all conjecture. In the Cheng Jia edition compiled by Cheng Weiyuan and Gao E, in the last forty chapters, Xiaohong serves Wang Xifeng until her death, appears little, and in chapter 88 has a flirtatious exchange with Jia Yun.[^zhwiki] ## Assessments The article says opinions on Xiaohong are polarized among characters, commentators and researchers. In the book Qingwen, Qiuwen and Bihen of Yihong Court push her aside and sneer at her wish to climb higher, while Wang Xifeng likes her crisp speech and quick work. Zhiyan Zhai calls her a sly and wicked maid, while Jihu Sou, who saw the draft of the Prison God Temple, defends her. Some see the Xiaohong of the first eighty chapters as an opportunist who flatters and schemes to climb, while some scholars admire her and Jia Yun for their ambition and effort.[^zhwiki] ## Basic facts - Birth name: Lin Hongyu[^wikidata][^zhwiki] - Other names: Xiaohong, Hong'er, Hongyu[^wikidata] - Description: character in Dream of the Red Chamber, maid of the Rongguo house[^wikidata] - Setting recorded on this entry: the dynasty of the novel[^wikidata] - Appears in: [[work_cn_q8265|Dream of the Red Chamber]][^zhwiki] /people/xiaohong-q10959991.html en zh en Character in Dream of the Red Chamber true literary character person_cn_q11039789 person lady-you-q11039789 尤氏

Lady You is the wife of Jia Zhen and the legal mother of Jia Rong in Dream of the Red Chamber, the mistress who runs the Ningguo house, described as a gourd with its mouth sawn off. When her daughter-in-law Qin Keqing died she fell ill and Jia Zhen asked Wang Xifeng of the Rong house to manage the household. She tried hard to stop the marriage of You Erjie but failed. The sources give no personal name.

published category-literature tag-fictional-character tag-classics wikidata https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11039789 zhwiki https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B0%A4%E6%B0%8F_(%E7%BA%A2%E6%A5%BC%E6%A2%A6) 2026-10-25 2026-10-25 user:admin 3 Lady You is a character in the classical Chinese novel Dream of the Red Chamber and the wife of Jia Zhen. Both Wikidata and the Chinese Wikipedia article are titled Lady You, and Wikidata also lists forms of address such as Eldest Sister You, Zhen's Sister-in-law and Zhen's Wife. There is only a surname and the suffix for a married woman, and no personal name, so the heading stays Lady You. The story is set in the dynasty of the novel, and she is recorded as female.[^wikidata][^zhwiki] ## Position and family According to the Chinese Wikipedia article, she is Jia Zhen's wife and the legal mother of Jia Rong. Her stepmother is the elder woman You, and her two half-sisters are You Erjie and You Sanjie. She is the mistress who runs the Ningguo house, and her character is described as a gourd with its mouth sawn off, that is, one who keeps silent.[^zhwiki] ## In the story The article says that when her daughter-in-law Qin Keqing died, she was ill and could not manage the household, so Jia Zhen asked Wang Xifeng of the Rong house to take over. She tried hard to stop the marriage of You Erjie, but did not succeed. Later, when Wang Xifeng found that Jia Lian had secretly married You Erjie, she made a scene in the Ningguo house, and Lady You, at a loss, could only let her go on.[^zhwiki] ## Basic facts - Description: character in Dream of the Red Chamber, wife of Jia Zhen[^wikidata] - Other forms of address: Eldest Sister You, Zhen's Sister-in-law, Zhen's Wife[^wikidata] - Setting recorded on this entry: the dynasty of the novel[^wikidata] - Appears in: [[work_cn_q8265|Dream of the Red Chamber]][^zhwiki] /people/lady-you-q11039789.html en zh en Character in Dream of the Red Chamber true literary character person_cn_q11046726 person wang-jin-q11046726 王进

Wang Jin is the arms instructor of the eight-hundred-thousand imperial guards at Dongjing in the novel Water Margin, skilled in all eighteen weapons and above all in the staff. Having offended the grand commandant Gao Qiu, he flees by night with his mother, teaches and takes Shi Jin as a pupil at the Shi estate, then goes on to Yan'an, after which he does not appear in the book. The Chinese Wikipedia article says a historical person of this name also existed.

published category-literature tag-fictional-character tag-classics wikidata https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11046726 zhwiki https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E9%80%B2_(%E5%AE%8B%E6%9C%9D) 2026-10-25 2026-10-25 user:admin 5 Wang Jin is a character in the classical novel Water Margin. Wikidata writes the Chinese name in traditional characters, and the Chinese Wikipedia article is titled Wang Jin (Song dynasty), so the heading stays the personal name. The story is set in the Song dynasty, and he is recorded as male.[^wikidata][^zhwiki] ## Appearance According to the Chinese Wikipedia article, Wang Jin is first mentioned in chapter two of the book, titled Instructor Wang Secretly Goes to Yan'an and the Nine-Dragon Shi Jin Makes Trouble at the Shi Estate. He is the instructor of the eight-hundred-thousand imperial guards at Dongjing and Bianliang, a master of all eighteen weapons and above all of the staff. When Gao Qiu took office as grand commandant, he invited the whole court to a feast, and the officials, afraid of his power, all attended. Only Wang Jin, who was gravely ill, could not come. Gao Qiu had him carried from his sickbed and wanted to give him twenty blows, then found that the man who had once humbled him in the street when he was a ruffian was Wang Jin's father. With old and new grudges he wanted to kill Wang Jin, and only the pleas of civil and military officers saved him from punishment.[^zhwiki] ## Flight and the pupil The article says Wang Jin, knowing he had offended a petty man, deceived the guards who attended him by saying that he would fulfil a vow and be first to burn incense, and sent them to the Dongyue temple to arrange offerings. In fact he left his post and fled Dongjing by night with his mother toward Yan'an. On the way he stayed at the Shi estate, where old Shi received him warmly. One day he saw Shi Jin practising with a staff and could not help pointing out its flaws. The proud young Shi Jin was angry and demanded a bout, but was easily beaten, and realized that this man was far beyond himself and his former teachers, and hurried to take him as master. To repay the Shi family's kindness, Wang Jin gladly agreed. Half a year later, when Shi Jin had mastered all he knew, Wang Jin took leave of the Shis, and although they urged him to stay he insisted on going so as not to draw them into his trouble with Gao Qiu.[^zhwiki] ## End The article says that after Shi Jin killed officials and left home, he hoped to find Wang Jin, and with the help of Lu Zhishen, who had some contacts through his work, learned that Wang Jin had gone to Yan'an to join the elder Marshal Zhong. But when Shi Jin reached Yan'an he still could not find him, and no one there knew where he was. After that the name Wang Jin never appears again in the book. Later film and television adaptations either have him live under an assumed name or already dead.[^zhwiki] ## The historical Wang Jin The article says that Northern Song records contain this account: a guard officer named Wang Jin offended a high official in the capital and fled to the old acquaintance of the Younger Zhong's headquarters in Yan'an to defend the border. In the northwest he led troops in small battles with the Western Xia and won them all. He then joined the headquarters of Zhong Shizhong and Zhong Shidao in Hebei as a vanguard, and died fighting beside Zhong Shizhong in the later battle at Taiyuan. The article notes that these records do not say he was an instructor or name Gao Qiu as the official he offended.[^zhwiki] ## Basic facts - Description: character in Water Margin, instructor of the eight-hundred-thousand imperial guards[^wikidata] - Setting recorded on this entry: the Song dynasty[^wikidata] - Appears in: [[work_cn_q70827|Water Margin]][^zhwiki] /people/wang-jin-q11046726.html en zh en Character in Water Margin true literary character person_cn_q11050431 person yue-yun-q11050431 岳云

Yue Yun (1119–1141), courtesy name Yingxiang, style name Huiqing, was a man of Tangyin in Xiangzhou and the eldest son of the Southern Song general Yue Fei. He joined the army at twelve, led the climb up the walls with two iron mallets in the recovery of the Xiangyang region, and rose to Left Martial Grand Master and defense commissioner of Zhongzhou. After his father was stripped of command in 1141, Qin Gui and Zhang Jun framed him and Zhang Xian, and he was executed with Zhang Xian.

published category-history tag-ancient-china wikidata https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11050431 zhwiki https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B2%B3%E4%BA%91 2026-10-25 2026-10-25 user:admin 3 Yue Yun was the eldest son of the Southern Song anti-Jin general Yue Fei. Both Wikidata and the Chinese Wikipedia article are titled Yue Yun, Wikidata also lists the traditional-character form, and its English label is Yue Yun, so the heading stays the personal name. The structured record gives his life as 1119 to 1141, while the body of the Chinese Wikipedia article writes 1119 to 1142, a difference of one year in the death date.[^wikidata][^zhwiki] ## Background The Chinese Wikipedia article says he was styled Yingxiang, with the style name Huiqing, a man of Tangyin in Xiangzhou. He rose to Left Martial Grand Master, defense commissioner of Zhongzhou and overseer of the Liquan temple, and was later posthumously given the ranks of military commissioner of the Anyuan army and military governor of the Wukang army. In the seventh month of 1130 he joined the army under Zhang Xian, commander of the front army of the Tongtai pacification office, at the age of twelve. In the ninth month of 1133, after Yue Fei had put down Jizhou and Qianzhou, Yue Fei brought him to Lin'an to see Emperor Gaozong. The emperor gave Yue Yun a bow and arrows, a battle robe and a silver-wrapped spear, and by special decree made him an officer of the gate service although he had no military record yet. Yue Fei submitted a memorial declining it, and the emperor refused.[^zhwiki] ## Military deeds The article says that in 1134 Yue Fei marched to recover Xiangyang, the prefectures of Tang, Deng, Sui and Ying, and Xinyang army. In the attack on Suizhou, Yue Yun, holding two iron mallets weighing eighty jin, was the first up the wall and the bravest of the three armies. In the seventh month, in the attack on Dengzhou, he again led the climb. But Yue Fei reported only his merit at Suizhou and hid his merit at Dengzhou, so the court only raised him to an officer of loyal instruction and gate service. In 1135 the emperor by special decree made him a gate announcer, and Yue Fei again declined and was again refused. Soon the court discovered his battle merit and made him a martial officer of the wing. In 1137 the court named him a great officer of martial virtue and acting prefect, and Yue Fei again declined. In 1139 he was named great officer of martial display and acting prefect. In 1140, for the victory at Yingchang, he became Left Martial Grand Master and defense commissioner of Zhongzhou.[^zhwiki] ## His death The article says that in 1141, after Yue Fei was stripped of command, his army was renamed the Ezhou garrison of the imperial forces, with Wang Gui in charge and Zhang Xian as deputy. Qin Gui and Zhang Jun falsely accused Zhang Xian and Yue Yun of plotting to return Yue Fei to command, and Zhang Jun took them into custody. The censor-in-chief Moqi Xie built a false case. Yue Fei was ordered to die, Zhang Xian and Yue Yun were executed in the marketplace, their descendants were imprisoned and their property was confiscated. In 1161 Emperor Gaozong ordered the descendants of Yue Fei and Zhang Xian released and free to move from their places of exile. In the seventh month of 1162 his offices of Left Martial Grand Master and defense commissioner of Zhongzhou were restored. In 1178 he was posthumously given the rank of military commissioner of the Ningyuan army, and in 1204 that of military governor of the Wukang army.[^zhwiki] ## Descendants The article says Yue Yun married Lady Gong, and had two sons, Yue Fu and Yue Shen, and a daughter, Yue Daniang. Yue Fu and Yue Shen were given office in the reign of Emperor Xiaozong, and Yue Fu later served as minister of personnel. Nearly ten thousand descendants of Yue Fei live in the Hefei area of Anhui, direct descendants of Yue Yun.[^zhwiki] ## Basic facts - Courtesy name: Yingxiang; style name: Huiqing[^zhwiki] - Home: Tangyin in Xiangzhou[^zhwiki] - Dates: 1119 to 1141 in the structured record; 1142 in the article text[^wikidata][^zhwiki] - Realm and relation: Song dynasty, son of Yue Fei[^wikidata] - Portrayal: [[person_cnv_q11050431_q70827|Yue Yun]] (a character in Water Margin) /people/yue-yun-q11050431.html en zh en 1119 1119 1141 1141 historical figure person_cn_q11066568 person zhang-gongjin-q11066568 张公谨

Zhang Gongjin (594–632), courtesy name Hongshen, was a man of Fanshui in Weizhou and an early Tang general. Before the Xuanwu Gate incident he urged the Prince of Qin to act rather than rely on divination, and during the coup he closed the gate alone against the Crown Prince's troops. As governor of Daizhou he set out six reasons to attack the Eastern Turks, served as Li Jing's deputy, and died in 632 as governor of Xiangzhou with the name Xiang.

published category-history tag-ancient-china wikidata https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11066568 zhwiki https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BC%A0%E5%85%AC%E8%B0%A8 zhengshi https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%94%90%E6%9B%B8/%E5%8D%B7089 2026-10-25 2026-10-25 user:admin 3 Zhang Gongjin was an early Tang general and statesman. Chapter 89 of the New Book of Tang begins that Zhang Gongjin, courtesy name Hongshen, was a man of Fanshui in Weizhou. Wikidata's Chinese label is Zhang Gongjin and its English label is Zhang Gongjin, so the title stays the personal name. This entry records his life as 594 to 2 May 632.[^wikidata][^zhengshi] ## Joining the Tang and the Prince of Qin The New Book of Tang says he was an official of Xu Shichong, prefect's chief of staff at Weizhou, and with the prefect Cui Shu he surrendered the city to the Tang. He was made acting assistant in Zouzhou and rose to chief of staff in the right guard, but was not yet known. Li Ji and Yuchi Jingde recommended him several times to the Prince of Qin, who brought him into his office. The Chinese Wikipedia article adds that his grandfather was Zhang Ganzhi and his father Zhang Shiru, and that he joined the Tang in the first year of Wude (618).[^zhengshi][^zhwiki] ## The Xuanwu Gate incident The New Book records that when the Prince of Qin was about to move against the Crown Prince and the Prince of Chao, he had a diviner read the omens. Zhang Gongjin came in from outside, threw the tortoise shell to the floor, and said that divination is for settling doubt, that here there was none, and asked what would be the point of divining, and whether he would stop if the result were bad. The prince said well. After the Crown Prince died, his followers attacked the Xuanwu Gate fiercely, and Zhang Gongjin alone shut the gate against them. For this he was made general of the left guard, enfeoffed as Duke of Dingyuan, and given a thousand households in practice. The Chinese Wikipedia article adds that the attackers were two thousand elite troops of the Eastern Palace and the Prince of Qi's household under Feng Li, Xue Wanche and Xie Shufang, and that he, strong of arm, closed the gate alone and held them off.[^zhengshi][^zhwiki] ## Daizhou and the case for attacking the Turks The New Book says that in the early Zhenguan years he was governor of Daizhou, established military farms to save grain transport, and often spoke on affairs, with Taizong adopting much of it. He then served as Li Jing's deputy in dealing with the Turks and listed six reasons to attack to the emperor. Jieli was indulging his desires and violence, killing the good and favoring petty men, so the ruler was benighted above. Tribes such as the Tongluo, Pugu, Huihe and Yantuo had set up their own chiefs and were turning on him, so there was revolt below. Tuli had been suspected and fled with light cavalry, Tuoshe's expedition was lost, and Yugu had lost his army, so the troops were beaten and the generals defeated. Frost and drought in the north had left grain supplies short. Jieli was cold to his own Turks and close to the other Hu, whose nature is to turn, so when a great army came there would be trouble inside. And the many Chinese in the north had gathered in strongholds in the hills and would answer when the royal army appeared. Taizong agreed with the plan. After Dingxiang fell and Jieli was beaten, an imperial letter praised him, he was advanced to Duke of Zou, and was made governor of Xiangzhou, where he was known for his kind rule.[^zhengshi] ## Death The New Book says he died in office at the age of forty-nine. Taizong planned to go to mourn him, but the officials reported that the day fell on a chen day and it was unlucky. The emperor said that ruler and minister are like father and son, that feeling comes from within, and that nothing was to be avoided, and he mourned him. He was posthumously made grand general of the left valiant guard with the name Xiang. In the thirteenth year of Zhenguan his title was changed to Duke of Tan, and in the Yonghui years he was further given the governorship of Jingzhou. It should be noted that with the structured dates 594 to 632 he would have been about thirty-nine at death, and the Chinese Wikipedia article also gives thirty-nine, noting that the New Book gives forty-nine. The two do not agree, and the age of forty-nine here is the New Book's statement.[^wikidata][^zhengshi][^zhwiki] ## Descendants and the novels The New Book says that his son Zhang Daxiao served as secretariat drafter in the Longshuo years and compiled the national history, wrote over a hundred pieces, and ended as chief of staff of Huaizhou, and that his second son Zhang Da'an was given the rank equal to the chancellors in the Shangyuan years. The Chinese Wikipedia article adds that in the Ming and Qing novels Romance of Sui and Tang and Tales of Tang he is a low officer under Luo Yi and later joins the gathering at Jialiu Inn as a general of the Wagang army, and that in Xue Rengui's Eastern Campaign he is killed by the Goguryeo general Gai Suwen. Those are the novels' versions, and they differ from the account in the histories above.[^zhengshi][^zhwiki] ## Basic facts - Name: Zhang Gongjin[^zhengshi] - Courtesy name: Hongshen[^zhengshi] - Home: Fanshui in Weizhou[^zhengshi] - Dates recorded on this entry: 594 to 2 May 632[^wikidata] - Posthumous name: Xiang[^zhengshi] - Birthplace: [[place_cn_130425|Daming County]][^wikidata] - Realm and occupation: Tang dynasty, military figure[^wikidata] /people/zhang-gongjin-q11066568.html en zh en 594 594 632 632 historical figure person_cn_q11067541 person zhang-shao-q11067541 张绍

Zhang Shao is a character in Investiture of the Gods who sets up the Red Sand formation, one of the Ten Heavenly Lords of Golden Turtle Island. King Wu of Zhou goes in to break it himself and suffers for a hundred days inside before the Southern Pole Immortal rescues him. The Immortal fans away the red sand with the five-fire seven-bird fan, and the White Crane Boy gives Zhang Shao the fatal blow.

published category-literature tag-fictional-character tag-classics wikidata https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11067541 zhwiki https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BC%A0%E7%BB%8D_(%E5%B0%81%E7%A5%9E%E6%BC%94%E4%B9%89) 2026-10-25 2026-10-25 user:admin 3 Zhang Shao is a character in Investiture of the Gods. Both Wikidata and the Chinese Wikipedia article are titled Zhang Shao, and Wikidata also lists the traditional-character form. It is a name from the novel, so the heading stays Zhang Shao. He is recorded as male, and Wikidata records a death year of 1100 BCE.[^wikidata][^zhwiki] ## The Red Sand formation In the Chinese Wikipedia list of characters, Zhang Shao's name appears in the entries for the Southern Pole Immortal and King Wu of Zhou, in both cases in connection with the Red Sand formation he sets up. The Southern Pole Immortal is the eldest disciple of the Primal Beginning Heavenly Venerable. He often helps Jiang Ziya but seldom fights directly, and acts only to break Zhang Shao's Red Sand formation and the Wanxian formation of the Heavenly Teacher Tongtian. In breaking the Red Sand formation he fans the red sand away with the five-fire seven-bird fan, and then the White Crane Boy gives Zhang Shao the fatal blow.[^zhwiki] ## King Wu enters the formation The article says King Wu, Ji Fa, did not cultivate the Way and was not a general who fights at the front, and he appears very rarely in Investiture of the Gods. He comes forward in person only when Zhang Shao sets up the Red Sand formation, suffers inside it for a hundred days, and is finally rescued by the Southern Pole Immortal, which the article treats as the price he had to pay in the war. The entry on Leizhenzi also mentions that he protected King Wu in the Red Sand formation.[^zhwiki] ## Affiliation The article describes the Ten Heavenly Lords, also called nine lords and a sage, as ten practitioners of Golden Turtle Island, each in charge of a mysterious formation. After Wen Zhong lost at Xiqi, they set up their formations one after another against the Zhou officers and the Chan disciples, were all finally broken, and were afterwards invested as regular gods of the Thunder Department. The Red Sand formation is one of the ten fatal formations. The article does not give a separate life of Zhang Shao.[^zhwiki] ## Basic facts - Description: character of Investiture of the Gods[^wikidata] - Appears in: [[work_cn_q1336310|Investiture of the Gods]][^zhwiki] /people/zhang-shao-q11067541.html en zh en Character in Investiture of the Gods true literary character person_cn_q11068912 person zhang-jie-q11068912 张节

Zhang Jie is a fictional character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms, an official of Cao Wei who holds the post of attendant gentleman of the yellow gate. When Sima Yan pressed Emperor Yuan of Wei, Cao Huan, to abdicate, he denounced Sima Yan as a usurper and was beaten to death by Sima Yan's soldiers. Wikidata records his death in 266.

published category-literature tag-fictional-character tag-classics wikidata https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11068912 zhwiki https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BC%B5%E7%AF%80_(%E4%B8%89%E5%9C%8B%E6%BC%94%E7%BE%A9) 2026-10-25 2026-10-25 user:admin 3 Zhang Jie is a fictional character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Wikidata gives his Chinese label as Zhang Jie and describes him as a Cao Wei minister of the novel, so the title stays the name.[^wikidata] ## In the novel The Chinese Wikipedia article says he rises to the post of attendant gentleman of the yellow gate. When Sima Yan presses Emperor Yuan of Wei, Cao Huan, to abdicate, Zhang Jie objects and shouts that anyone who does such a thing is a traitor who steals the state. This angers Sima Yan, and Zhang Jie is beaten to death by Sima Yan's soldiers.[^zhwiki] ## Basic facts - Role: fictional character of Romance of the Three Kingdoms, a minister of Cao Wei[^wikidata] - Realm of the setting: Great Wei[^wikidata] - Death year: 266, as recorded by Wikidata for the character[^wikidata] - Appears in: [[work_cn_q70806|Romance of the Three Kingdoms]][^zhwiki] /people/zhang-jie-q11068912.html en zh en 266 266 Character in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms true literary character person_cn_q11073513 person juliusun-q11073513 惧留孙

Juliusun is a mythological figure of Investiture of the Gods and one of the twelve immortals of Kunlun under the Primordial Heavenly Worthy. He lives in the Feiyun cave on Mount Jialong and has Tu Xingsun as his disciple. With his talisman that turns the ground to steel and his immortal-binding rope he breaks Zhao Jiang's formation in the ten-formation battle, and he later becomes the Buddha Juliusun.

published category-literature tag-fictional-character tag-classics wikidata https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11073513 zhwiki https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%83%A7%E7%95%99%E5%AD%99 2026-10-25 2026-10-25 user:admin 3 Juliusun is a mythological figure in Investiture of the Gods. Wikidata gives his Chinese label as Juliusun and describes him as a character of that novel, so the title stays this name.[^wikidata] ## Place in the story The Chinese Wikipedia list of characters of the novel says he is a disciple of the Primordial Heavenly Worthy and one of the twelve immortals of Kunlun. His own cave is the Feiyun cave on Mount Jialong, and his disciple is Tu Xingsun.[^zhwiki] ## Treasures and deeds The list says Juliusun can travel underground. He does not use this skill in the story, but Tu Xingsun, who learns it, shines in the plot. Juliusun owns a talisman that turns the ground to steel, which counters underground travel, and the immortal-binding rope. In the battle of the ten formations he breaks the earth-splitting formation set up by Zhao Jiang. The list ends by saying that he later becomes the Buddha Juliusun.[^zhwiki] ## Basic facts - Identity: mythological figure[^wikidata] - Lineage: under the Primordial Heavenly Worthy, one of the twelve immortals of Kunlun[^zhwiki] - Cave: Feiyun cave, Mount Jialong[^zhwiki] - Appears in: [[work_cn_q1336310|Investiture of the Gods]][^wikidata] /people/juliusun-q11073513.html en zh en Character in Investiture of the Gods true mythological figure person_cn_q11074055 person cihang-daoren-q11074055 慈航道人

Cihang Daoren is a character of Investiture of the Gods, corresponding to the Daoist goddess Cihang Zhenren. The novel makes her a disciple of the Primordial Heavenly Worthy, one of the twelve immortals of Kunlun with her own cave on Mount Putuo, who later joins the Western Buddhist teaching. The cited article notes that the novel merges her with the Buddhist Guanyin.

published category-literature tag-fictional-character tag-classics wikidata https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11074055 zhwiki https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%85%88%E8%88%AA%E9%81%93%E4%BA%BA 2026-10-25 2026-10-25 user:admin 3 Cihang Daoren is a character of Investiture of the Gods. Wikidata gives her Chinese label as Cihang Daoren and describes her as a character of that novel. She corresponds to the goddess Cihang Zhenren of Daoism and folk religion. This is a divine title, and the cited sources give no personal name that can be verified, so the title stays as it is.[^wikidata][^zhwiki] ## Cihang Zhenren in Daoism The Chinese Wikipedia article says Cihang Zhenren, also called Cihang Daoren, Cihang Xiangu and Cihang Dashi, is a goddess of Daoism and Chinese folk belief, found in works such as the Lingbao scripture and the Ming-dynasty Lidai Shenxian Tongjian. After the Tang, scholar-officials urged the unity of the three teachings, and Cihang Zhenren was gradually identified with the bodhisattva Guanyin. Folk images often take the sense of the word for a boat of compassion and show her riding a dragon, a turtle and snake, a great turtle, or a dugout canoe.[^zhwiki] ## The several sources The article lists the Daoist sources for her image. The earliest is the Lingbao scripture, written around 397 to 402. The original is lost, and the passage is known only through the Wenxuan kaoyi, which quotes Li Shan's commentary. A king of the Chanli world has a daughter named Miaoyin who cannot speak at four and is abandoned in the mountains. A divine man teaches her and she begins to speak. When a drought ravages the kingdom she shows her true form, and a flood falls from heaven. A later text, the Benxing miaojing of Cihang Yuanjun, tells the tale at greater length and gives her a white jade vase with a willow branch. The Lidai Shenxian Tongjian says a woman immortal lived in the Chaoyin cave of Luojia rock on Putuo and, according to tradition, practiced there in the time of the Shang king, helping people with elixirs and sweet dew, and that people of the southern sea called her Cihang Dashi. The Soushen ji in the Wanli-era Xu Daozang tells the story of Miaoshan, third daughter of King Miaozhuang, who becomes Guanyin.[^zhwiki] ## In Investiture of the Gods The article says the Ming-era Investiture of the Gods calls Cihang Zhenren Cihang Daoren. It makes her a disciple of the Primordial Heavenly Worthy, one of the twelve immortals of Kunlun, with her own cave, the Luojia cave on Mount Putuo, and says she later turns to the Western teaching of Buddhism. Because Putuo is the main seat of Guanyin, the novel in effect combines Daoist Cihang Zhenren and Buddhist Guanyin into one character, which may be one reason ordinary people identify the two.[^zhwiki] ## Basic facts - Identity: character of Investiture of the Gods[^wikidata] - Titles: Cihang Zhenren, Cihang Daoren, Cihang Dashi and others[^zhwiki] - Cave: Luojia cave, Mount Putuo[^zhwiki] - Appears in: [[work_cn_q1336310|Investiture of the Gods]][^wikidata] /people/cihang-daoren-q11074055.html en zh en Character in Investiture of the Gods true mythological figure person_cn_q11078118 person jieyin-daoren-q11078118 接引道人

Jieyin Daoren is a character of Investiture of the Gods and, with Zhunti Daoren, a head of the Western teaching, whose role is to lead immortals of the Chan and Jie teachings who have a bond with the West to the West. He is sixteen chi tall and wears his hair in a topknot, and his treasures are the sarira, the green-lotus banner, a whisk and the pouch of heaven and earth. In the Ten Thousand Immortals Formation he gathers into the pouch all who share that bond.

published category-literature tag-fictional-character tag-classics wikidata https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11078118 zhwiki https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8E%A5%E5%BC%95%E9%81%93%E4%BA%BA 2026-10-25 2026-10-25 user:admin 3 Jieyin Daoren is a character of Investiture of the Gods. Wikidata gives his Chinese label as Jieyin Daoren, describes him as a character of the novel, and lists the alternative name Western Teaching Master. This is a title and the cited sources give no personal name that can be verified, so the title stays as it is.[^wikidata] ## Identity and appearance The Chinese Wikipedia list of characters of the novel says that Jieyin Daoren and Zhunti Daoren are the heads of the Western teaching. In the story their part is to lead immortals of the Chan or Jie teachings who have a bond with the Western teaching to the West. Jieyin Daoren is sixteen chi tall and wears his hair in a topknot. His treasures are the sarira, the green-lotus banner, a whisk, and the pouch of heaven and earth.[^zhwiki] ## His part in the story The list says that after the Jie teaching master Tongtian mobilizes his disciples to set up the Zhuxian and Ten Thousand Immortals formations, Laozi, the Primordial Heavenly Worthy and the two Western masters Jieyin Daoren and Zhunti Daoren all step in to help Jiang Ziya. The conflict is ended by the mediation of Hongjun. In the Ten Thousand Immortals Formation Jieyin Daoren puts into the pouch every immortal and Daoist who shares a bond with the Western teaching. One of the senior disciples of the Jie teaching, the Holy Mother Guiling, is struck by his prayer beads and returns to her form as a turtle, and the White Lotus Boy then lets mosquitoes drain her to an empty shell.[^zhwiki] ## Basic facts - Identity: character of Investiture of the Gods[^wikidata] - Alternative name: Western Teaching Master[^wikidata] - Appearance: sixteen chi tall, hair in a topknot[^zhwiki] - Treasures: sarira, green-lotus banner, whisk, pouch of heaven and earth[^zhwiki] - Appears in: [[work_cn_q1336310|Investiture of the Gods]][^wikidata] /people/jieyin-daoren-q11078118.html en zh en Character in Investiture of the Gods true mythological figure person_cn_q11080510 person doumu-q11080510 斗姥元君

Dǒumǔ, also written Doumu, is a Daoist goddess and the mother of the stars of the Northern Dipper. Daoist scriptures make her Lady Ziguang, consort of King Zhouyu in the Longhan age, who bears nine sons from golden lotus buds. She is also merged with Marichi and the Queen Mother of the West. Investiture of the Gods calls her Holy Mother Jinling, teacher of Grand Preceptor Wen, and makes her the spirit of the dipper mother of the Kan palace.

published category-literature tag-fictional-character tag-classics wikidata https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11080510 zhwiki https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%97%E5%A7%A5%E5%85%83%E5%90%9B 2026-10-25 2026-10-25 user:admin 3 Dǒumǔ is a Daoist goddess. Wikidata gives her Chinese label as Doumu Yuanjun and the English form Dǒumǔ, and lists other names such as Doulao, Doumu and Doumu Yuanjun. She is the mother of the stars of the Northern Dipper. These are honorific titles and the cited sources give no personal name that can be verified, so the title stays as it is.[^wikidata] ## Names and origins The Chinese Wikipedia article says Doumu Yuanjun, also written with the variant characters for Doumu, is a Daoist goddess and the mother of the stars of the Northern Dipper. The word dou means the dipper stars, and the old form of the word mu means mother. She corresponds to King Zhouyu, called the Father of the Dipper. She appears late in Daoist belief but holds a high rank, and she was originally the Buddhist cult of the three-faced goddess Marichi. When Marichi worship reached China she was honored for prolonging life and averting disaster, and Daoists drew her into their pantheon, calling her the mother of the stars of the Northern Dipper and giving her titles such as Queen of Heaven, Mother of Heaven and Mother of the Dao. According to the Yuxia ji her birthday is the ninth day of the ninth month. In folk practice she was often confused with Mazu, the Dark Lady and Marichi.[^zhwiki] ## What the scriptures say The Lingbao Lingjiao jidu jinshu says the Primordial Heavenly Worthy made the Jade Emperor from original yang breath by day and Doumu Yuanjun from original yin breath by night. The Yuqing wushang lingbao ziran Beidou benshengzhenjing says she was the consort of a king named Zhouyu in the Longhan age, with the title Lady Ziguang, who vowed to bear holy sons to help heaven and earth. One spring day she bathed in the warm jade pool among golden lotus flowers in the rear garden. Nine lotus buds opened and nine sons were born. The two eldest are the Heavenly Sovereign and the Emperor of Ziwei, and the other seven are the seven stars of the Dipper, together known as the Nine Sovereigns. Another scripture, the Taishang xuanling Doumu daisheng yuanjun benming yansheng xinjing, treats her as a moon deity with the powers of a physician and gives her a long title that merges her with the Queen Mother of the West. The Qing-era Fanyin douke by Lou Jinyuan calls her the Ancestor of Thunder of the Nine Heavens, transformed from the planet Venus. The article also notes that her image is often three-eyed, four-headed and eight-armed, that the Qingyang Temple in Chengdu has a Doumu hall, and that the Doumu temple at Hougang in Singapore is a temple of the Nine Emperor Gods that mainly worships her.[^zhwiki] ## In Investiture of the Gods The article says the Ming novel Investiture of the Gods calls her Holy Mother Jinling, the teacher of Grand Preceptor Wen. Her skill is high and she alone stands against the three great ones Cihang, Manjusri and Samantabhadra to a draw, but she is killed by a surprise attack by Randeng Daoren with the Dinghai pearls. Later, when Jiang Ziya confers titles on the platform of investiture, he makes Holy Mother Jinling the spirit of the dipper mother of the Kan palace, in charge of the groups of stars and of lucky and baleful influences, as mother of the northern, southern, eastern, western and central dippers.[^zhwiki] ## Basic facts - Identity: Daoist goddess, mother of the Northern Dipper stars[^wikidata][^zhwiki] - Other names: Doulao, Doumu, Doumu Yuanjun, Doulao Tianzun and others[^wikidata] - Birthday: the ninth day of the ninth month, according to the Yuxia ji[^zhwiki] - Counterpart in the novel: Holy Mother Jinling, made the spirit of the dipper mother of the Kan palace[^zhwiki] - Appears in: [[work_cn_q1336310|Investiture of the Gods]][^wikidata] /people/doumu-q11080510.html en zh en Character in Investiture of the Gods true mythological figure person_cn_q11089105 person zhong-jin-q11089105 锺进

Zhong Jin is a fictional character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms who does not appear in the standard histories. He is the younger brother of Zhong Yao, governor of Chang'an, and a commander under Cao Cao in the novel. When Ma Chao attacks Chang'an, he guards the west gate and is cut down by Pang De when he runs to put out a fire at night.

published category-literature tag-fictional-character tag-classics wikidata https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11089105 zhwiki https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%8D%BE%E9%80%B2 2026-10-25 2026-10-25 user:admin 3 Zhong Jin is a fictional character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Wikidata gives his label as Zhong Jin, written with the traditional form of the character zhong, and describes him as a general under Cao Cao in the novel, so the title stays this name. The Chinese Wikipedia article states plainly that he is not recorded in the standard histories.[^wikidata][^zhwiki] ## In the novel The article says he is the younger brother of Zhong Yao, governor of Chang'an. When Ma Chao marches against Chang'an to avenge his father, Zhong Jin helps his brother hold the city and guards the west gate. At night a fire breaks out at the west gate. He goes to put it out, and Ma Chao's men slip into the city in the confusion. Ma Chao's officer Pang De attacks at night and cuts Zhong Jin down from his horse with one stroke. Pang De then opens the west gate and lets Ma Chao into Chang'an, and Zhong Yao flees.[^zhwiki] ## Basic facts - Identity: fictional character of Romance of the Three Kingdoms, a general under Cao Cao[^wikidata] - Kin: younger brother of Zhong Yao, governor of Chang'an[^zhwiki] - Realm of the setting: Han[^wikidata] - Appears in: [[work_cn_q70806|Romance of the Three Kingdoms]][^zhwiki] /people/zhong-jin-q11089105.html en zh en Character in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms true literary character person_cn_q11089855 person puxian-zhenren-q11089855 普贤真人

Puxian Zhenren is a character of Investiture of the Gods, a disciple of the Primordial Heavenly Worthy and one of the twelve immortals of Kunlun, with his own cave on Mount Jiugong and the disciple Mu Zha. In the Ten Thousand Immortals Formation he subdues Lingya Xian, who reverts to a white elephant and becomes his mount. He later turns to the West and becomes the bodhisattva Puxian.

published category-literature tag-fictional-character tag-classics wikidata https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11089855 zhwiki https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E8%B4%A4%E7%9C%9F%E4%BA%BA 2026-10-25 2026-10-25 user:admin 3 Puxian Zhenren is a character of Investiture of the Gods. Wikidata gives his Chinese label as Puxian Zhenren and describes him as a character of that novel. This is an immortal's title in the book, and the cited sources give no personal name that can be verified, so the title stays as it is.[^wikidata] ## Place in the story The Chinese Wikipedia list of characters of the novel says Puxian Zhenren is a disciple of the Primordial Heavenly Worthy and one of the twelve immortals of Kunlun. He has his own cave, the White Crane cave on Mount Jiugong, and the disciple Mu Zha.[^zhwiki] ## Deeds The list records two episodes. When Yuan Jiao sets up the cold-ice formation, Puxian Zhenren steps into it on an auspicious cloud, is unharmed, and breaks the formation. In the Ten Thousand Immortals Formation he uses the Taiji talisman seal, borrowed from the Primordial Heavenly Worthy, to hold down Lingya Xian's formation of the two forms, and at the same time reveals his true body. He binds the helpless Lingya Xian with the long-rainbow rope, and Lingya Xian shows his true form, a white elephant. The elephant later becomes Puxian's mount, and Puxian later turns to the West and becomes the bodhisattva Puxian.[^zhwiki] ## Basic facts - Identity: character of Investiture of the Gods[^wikidata] - Lineage: under the Primordial Heavenly Worthy, one of the twelve immortals of Kunlun[^zhwiki] - Cave: White Crane cave, Mount Jiugong[^zhwiki] - Disciple: Mu Zha[^zhwiki] - Appears in: [[work_cn_q1336310|Investiture of the Gods]][^wikidata] /people/puxian-zhenren-q11089855.html en zh en Character in Investiture of the Gods true mythological figure person_cn_q11091010 person cao-e-q11091010 曹娥

Cao E (130 – 143) was a filial daughter of the Eastern Han from Shangyu in Kuaiji. In the second year of Han'an her father Cao Xu drowned in the river during a rite, and his body was not found. At fourteen she wept along the river for seventeen days and then threw herself in. In the first year of Yuanjia the magistrate Du Shang reburied her and set up a stele, and she came to be honored as a water spirit.

published category-history tag-ancient-china wikidata https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11091010 zhwiki https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9B%B9%E5%A8%A5 zhengshi https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E5%BE%8C%E6%BC%A2%E6%9B%B8/%E5%8D%B784 2026-10-25 2026-10-25 user:admin 3 Cao E was a filial daughter of the Eastern Han. The Book of the Later Han, in its biographies of exemplary women, calls her the filial daughter Cao E of Shangyu in Kuaiji. Wikidata gives her Chinese label as Cao E and records her as born in 130 and dead in 143, with her birth place at Shangyu, so the title stays the personal name.[^wikidata][^zhengshi][^zhwiki] ## Her father's drowning and her death The Book of the Later Han says her father, named Xu, could play and sing and served as a ritual invocator. On the fifth day of the fifth month of the second year of Han'an, he drowned in the county river while going against the waves to meet a spirit, and his body was not found. Cao E was fourteen. She followed the river weeping day and night without a break, and on the seventeenth day she threw herself into the river and died.[^zhengshi] The Chinese Wikipedia article tells it a little differently. It says Cao Xu was a shaman who, at the Dragon Boat festival, took a boat out on the Shun River to meet the tide god Wu Zixu and was drowned. After Cao E drowned herself, five days later her body surfaced holding her father's body. In memory of her filial virtue the villagers renamed the Shun River the Cao E River and made her a water spirit. This is the later account. The Book of the Later Han does not mention the bodies surfacing together or the renaming.[^zhwiki] ## The stele and remembrance The Book of the Later Han records that in the first year of Yuanjia the county magistrate Du Shang reburied Cao E beside the road on the south side of the river and set up a stele for her.[^zhengshi] The Chinese Wikipedia article adds that Du Shang first built the Cao E temple and had his pupil Handan Zili, that is Handan Chun, write the inscription. The inscription was praised for its fine phrasing, with the words jue miao hao ci, and is built as a riddle. According to the Shishuo xinyu, Cao Cao once tried to guess it together with Yang Xiu. In 1110 she was granted the title Lady of Spiritual Filial Piety, in 1808 Lady of Blessed Response, and in 1865 the title of Lady of Spiritual Response was added.[^zhwiki] ## Basic facts - Name: Cao E[^zhengshi] - Dates recorded on this entry: 130–143[^wikidata] - Birthplace: [[place_cn_330604|Shangyu District]][^wikidata] - Realm: Eastern Han[^wikidata] - Portrayal: [[person_cnv_q11091010_q70806|Cao E]] (a character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms) /people/cao-e-q11091010.html en zh en 130 130 143 143 historical figure person_cn_q11091096 person cao-yan-q11091096 曹彦

Cao Yan (died 249) was a man of Qiao county in the commandery of Qiao, a son of Cao Zhen and younger brother of Cao Shuang in Cao Wei. When Cao Shuang held the regency he made him an attendant at court. In 249 Cao Shuang accompanied Emperor Cao Fang on a visit to the Gaoping tombs and Sima Yi seized power. Cao Yan was dismissed and soon beheaded for treason, with his three clans exterminated.

published category-history tag-ancient-china wikidata https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11091096 zhwiki https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9B%B9%E5%BD%A5 2026-10-25 2026-10-25 user:admin 3 Cao Yan was a figure of Cao Wei. Wikidata gives his Chinese label as Cao Yan, in the traditional form of the character yan, and records his death in 249 and his occupation as political figure. The Chinese Wikipedia article is titled Cao Yan in the simplified form. The two are the same name, so the title stays as it is.[^wikidata][^zhwiki] ## Family and office The Chinese Wikipedia article says he was from Qiao county in the commandery of Qiao, a son of Cao Zhen and a younger brother of Cao Shuang. After Emperor Cao Fang came to the throne, Cao Shuang took the regency as general-in-chief and appointed Cao Yan as an attendant at court, with the right to go in and out of the palace.[^zhwiki] ## The coup at the Gaoping tombs In the tenth year of Zhengshi (249), Cao Yan went with Cao Shuang and others when Cao Fang visited the Gaoping tombs. Sima Yi took the chance to launch a coup and seized control of Luoyang, and Cao Yan was dismissed. Soon afterwards he was beheaded on a charge of treason, and his three clans were exterminated.[^zhwiki] ## Basic facts - Name: Cao Yan, written with the traditional character in Wikidata[^wikidata][^zhwiki] - Death: 249[^wikidata] - Origin: Qiao county, commandery of Qiao[^zhwiki] - Kin: son of Cao Zhen, younger brother of Cao Shuang[^zhwiki] - Portrayal: [[person_cn_q124617593|Cao Yan]] (a character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms) /people/cao-yan-q11091096.html en zh en 249 249 historical figure person_cn_q11091288 person cao-xun-q11091288 曹训

Cao Xun (died 249) was a man of Qiao county in the commandery of Qiao, a son of Cao Zhen and younger brother of Cao Shuang in Cao Wei, enfeoffed as Marquis of Wansui Pavilion. Cao Shuang made him general of the guards while he held the regency. After the coup at the Gaoping tombs in 249 Cao Shuang and all his brothers were beheaded for treason, and Cao Xun's three clans were exterminated.

published category-history tag-ancient-china wikidata https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11091288 zhwiki https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9B%B9%E8%A8%93 2026-10-25 2026-10-25 user:admin 3 Cao Xun was a figure of Cao Wei. Wikidata gives his Chinese label as Cao Xun, in the traditional form of the character xun, and records his death in 249 and his occupation as political figure. The Chinese Wikipedia article is titled Cao Xun in the simplified form. The two are the same name, so the title stays as it is.[^wikidata][^zhwiki] ## Family and office The Chinese Wikipedia article says he was from Qiao county in the commandery of Qiao, a son of Cao Zhen and a younger brother of Cao Shuang, and that he was enfeoffed as Marquis of Wansui Pavilion. After Emperor Cao Fang came to the throne, Cao Shuang took the regency as general-in-chief and appointed Cao Xun general of the guards, with the right to go in and out of the palace.[^zhwiki] ## The coup at the Gaoping tombs In the tenth year of Zhengshi (249), Cao Xun went with Cao Shuang and others when Cao Fang visited the Gaoping tombs. Sima Yi took the chance to launch a coup and seized control of Luoyang, and Cao Xun was dismissed. Soon afterwards Cao Shuang and all his brothers were beheaded on a charge of treason, and Cao Xun's three clans were exterminated. The article cites the Wei zhi biography of Cao Shuang as its source.[^zhwiki] ## Basic facts - Name: Cao Xun, written with the traditional character in Wikidata[^wikidata][^zhwiki] - Death: 249[^wikidata] - Origin: Qiao county, commandery of Qiao[^zhwiki] - Title: Marquis of Wansui Pavilion[^zhwiki] - Kin: son of Cao Zhen, younger brother of Cao Shuang[^zhwiki] - Portrayal: [[person_cn_q124617455|Cao Xun]] (a character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms) /people/cao-xun-q11091288.html en zh en 249 249 historical figure person_cn_q110943983 person gao-qiu-shuihu-q110943983-q716202 高俅

Gao Qiu is a fictional character in Water Margin, holding the rank of grand marshal in the Northern Song. He is also recorded under the forms Grand Marshal Gao and Commander Gao of the Palace Guard. The figure is based on the historical Gao Qiu. This entry rests on Wikidata alone, so only a few facts can be confirmed.

published category-literature tag-fictional-character tag-classics wikidata https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q110943983 2026-10-25 2026-10-25 user:admin 5 Gao Qiu is a figure in the novel Water Margin. Wikidata gives his Chinese label as Gao Qiu and describes him as a fictional character in Water Margin, a grand marshal of the Northern Song, so the title stays this name.[^wikidata] ## Identity and forms of address Wikidata records him as a character of Water Margin and a grand marshal of the Northern Song, with the occupation of political figure. The same record lists the forms Gao Er, two variant spellings of Gao Qiu, Grand Marshal Gao and Commander Gao of the Palace Guard. The last two are titles of office, not another name.[^wikidata] ## Relation to the historical man The novel's figure is based on the historical person [[person_cn_q716202|Gao Qiu]]. This entry covers the figure in the book, and the historical Gao Qiu has an entry of his own.[^wikidata] ## Basic facts - Identity: character of Water Margin, grand marshal of the Northern Song[^wikidata] - Other forms: Gao Er, variant spellings of Gao Qiu, Grand Marshal Gao, Commander Gao of the Palace Guard[^wikidata] - Appears in: [[work_cn_q70827|Water Margin]][^wikidata] /people/gao-qiu-shuihu-q110943983-q716202.html en zh en Character in Water Margin true literary character person_cn_q11096850 person li-chunxiang-q11096850 李春香

Li Chunxiang is a fictional character in chapter 57 of Romance of the Three Kingdoms, the concubine of the attendant gentleman Huang Kui, who is secretly involved with Huang Kui's brother-in-law Miao Ze. At Miao Ze's urging she draws out Huang Kui's plan to kill Cao Cao and tells Miao Ze, who informs Cao Cao, and Huang Kui and Ma Teng are killed. Cao Cao despises Miao Ze for it and has him and Li Chunxiang executed together.

published category-literature tag-fictional-character tag-classics wikidata https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11096850 zhwiki https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E6%98%A5%E9%A6%99 2026-10-25 2026-10-25 user:admin 3 Li Chunxiang is a fictional character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Wikidata gives her Chinese label as Li Chunxiang and records her as the concubine of Huang Kui, so the title stays this name.[^wikidata] ## Who she is The Chinese Wikipedia article says she is the concubine of the attendant gentleman Huang Kui and is secretly involved with Miao Ze, the younger brother of Huang Kui's wife.[^zhwiki] ## The events of chapter 57 In the novel, Huang Kui has agreed with Ma Teng to kill Cao Cao. He comes home still angry, and when his wife presses him he will not say why. Miao Ze wants Li Chunxiang for himself and has no way to get her. Seeing Huang Kui's anger, Li Chunxiang asks Miao Ze about it, and he tells her to provoke Huang Kui by asking why everyone calls Liu Bei humane and Cao Cao treacherous. That night Huang Kui comes to her room and, drunk, says that what he hates is that he wants to kill Cao Cao and has arranged with General Ma to do it the next day when troops are mustered outside the city. Li Chunxiang tells Miao Ze, and Miao Ze reports it to Cao Cao. Cao Cao makes his dispositions, seizes Huang Kui's whole household, and the next day ambushes Ma Teng outside the city and captures him and his sons. Huang Kui, Ma Teng and Ma Xiu are put to death.[^zhwiki] ## Her end Miao Ze tells Cao Cao he wants no reward and asks only for Li Chunxiang as his wife. Cao Cao laughs and says that for the sake of one woman he has destroyed his brother-in-law's whole family, and asks what use such a man is. He has Miao Ze and Li Chunxiang beheaded in the market together with Huang Kui's household, and the onlookers sigh. The Chinese Wikipedia article sums this up by saying that Cao Cao saw how base Miao Ze was and had him and Li Chunxiang executed together.[^zhwiki] ## Basic facts - Identity: fictional character of Romance of the Three Kingdoms, concubine of Huang Kui[^wikidata] - Realm of the setting: Han[^wikidata] - Appears in: [[work_cn_q70806|Romance of the Three Kingdoms]][^zhwiki] /people/li-chunxiang-q11096850.html en zh en Character in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms true literary character person_cn_q11097593 person li-fu-q11097593 李福

Li Fu, courtesy name Sunde, was an official of Shu Han in the Three Kingdoms period. Wikidata records his birth in 195 and his birth place as Mianyang. After Liu Bei took Yi province he served as clerk, magistrate of Xichongguo and magistrate of Chengdu, and in the Jianxing years as grand administrator of Baxi and other posts. On orders he visited the ill Zhuge Liang and carried his last words back to the emperor. He died of illness not long after the first year of Yanxi.

published category-history tag-ancient-china wikidata https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11097593 zhwiki https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E7%A6%8F_(%E4%B8%89%E5%9B%BD) 2026-10-25 2026-10-25 user:admin 3 Li Fu was an official of Shu Han in the Three Kingdoms period. Both Wikidata and the Chinese Wikipedia article use Li Fu as the name, and the article gives his courtesy name as Sunde, so the title stays the personal name. Wikidata records his birth in 195 and his birth place as Mianyang.[^wikidata][^zhwiki] ## Family The Chinese Wikipedia article says his father Li Quan, courtesy name Boyu, was a powerful local figure of Yi province at the end of the Eastern Han and served as magistrate of Linqiong. When Liu Yan was governor of Yi province, he executed Li Quan, Wang Xian and eight other strong local men in order to raise his reputation by severity. Li Fu's son was Li Xiang.[^zhwiki] ## Service in Shu After Liu Bei settled Yi province, Li Fu served as clerk, as magistrate of Xichongguo and as magistrate of Chengdu. In the Jianxing years he held the posts of grand administrator of Baxi, inspector of Jiangzhou, general who displays awe, and director of the masters of writing.[^zhwiki] ## Visiting Zhuge Liang During the campaign at Wuzhang Plains, Li Fu was sent by the emperor Liu Shan to visit the sick Zhuge Liang. Before his death Zhuge Liang told him that Jiang Wan should succeed him, with Fei Yi next. When Li Fu asked who came after that, Zhuge Liang did not answer. Li Fu carried the last words back to the emperor and saw them carried out.[^zhwiki] ## Later years and assessment In the first year of Yanxi (238) he was army inspector of the front and held the post of marshal under the general-in-chief, and he died of illness soon afterwards, during Jiang Wan's northern campaigns. Yang Xi's Jihan fuchen zan says that Sunde was resolute and keen, and the Yibu qijiu zaji says Li Fu was acute in judgment, decisive, and quick in government work.[^zhwiki] ## Basic facts - Name: Li Fu[^zhwiki] - Courtesy name: Sunde[^zhwiki] - Born: 195[^wikidata] - Birthplace: [[place_cn_510700|Mianyang]][^wikidata] - Realm: Shu Han[^wikidata] - Portrayal: [[person_cn_q124586305|Li Fu]] (a character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms) /people/li-fu-q11097593.html en zh en 195 195 historical figure person_cn_q11098359 person li-gui-q11098359 李鬼

Li Gui is a character in chapter 42 of Water Margin, a bandit in Yishui county of Yizhou who passes himself off as Li Kui. Li Kui, on his way down the mountain to fetch his mother, meets him. Li Gui lies that he has a ninety-year-old mother, is spared and given ten taels of silver, but later plots with his wife to poison Li Kui when he lodges at their house. The plot fails and Li Gui is killed. Today Li Gui, set against Li Kui, means a fake or counterfeit.

published category-literature tag-fictional-character tag-classics wikidata https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11098359 zhwiki https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E9%AC%BC 2026-10-25 2026-10-25 user:admin 3 Li Gui is a character in Water Margin who appears in chapter 42. Wikidata gives his Chinese label as Li Gui, describes him as a fictional character in the novel and records the Great Song as the setting of the work, so the title stays this name.[^wikidata][^zhwiki] ## Posing as Li Kui The Chinese Wikipedia article says Li Gui was originally a bandit in Yishui county of Yizhou who robbed under the name of Li Kui, and he happened to run into the real Li Kui, who had come down the mountain to fetch his old mother. Li Gui falsely claimed to have a mother of ninety. Li Kui spared him and even gave him ten taels of silver.[^zhwiki] ## The failed plot Later Li Kui unknowingly sought lodging at Li Gui's house. Li Gui and his wife plotted to poison Li Kui and take his money. Li Kui found out, and Li Gui was killed when the plan failed. Li Kui even cut two pieces of flesh from the dead man's leg and roasted them to eat. Li Gui's wife escaped in the confusion. In the county town she recognized Li Kui and, with Squire Cao, reported him to the authorities, and Li Kui was arrested. The brothers Zhu Gui and Zhu Fu rescued him and killed Li Gui's wife, Squire Cao and others.[^zhwiki] ## The word today The article adds that the name Li Gui is now used as a word, usually set against Li Kui, to mean a fake or counterfeit.[^zhwiki] ## Basic facts - Identity: character of Water Margin[^wikidata] - Realm of the setting: Great Song[^wikidata] - Appears in: [[work_cn_q70827|Water Margin]][^zhwiki] /people/li-gui-q11098359.html en zh en Character in Water Margin true literary character person_cn_q111027783 person cai-jing-shuihu-q111027783-q1146610 蔡京

Cai Jing is a fictional character in Water Margin who holds the rank of grand preceptor and is also called Grand Preceptor Cai. The figure is based on the historical Cai Jing. This entry rests on Wikidata alone, so only a few facts can be confirmed.

published category-literature tag-fictional-character tag-classics wikidata https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q111027783 2026-10-25 2026-10-25 user:admin 3 Cai Jing is a figure in the novel Water Margin. Wikidata gives his Chinese label as Cai Jing and describes him as a character of Water Margin who holds the rank of grand preceptor, so the title stays this name.[^wikidata] ## Identity and forms of address Wikidata records him as a character of Water Margin and a grand preceptor, with the occupation of political figure, and lists the further form Grand Preceptor Cai. Grand preceptor is an office, and Grand Preceptor Cai addresses him by that office, so it is not another name.[^wikidata] ## Relation to the historical man The novel's figure is based on the historical person [[person_cn_q1146610|Cai Jing]]. This entry covers the figure in the book, and the historical Cai Jing has an entry of his own.[^wikidata] ## Basic facts - Identity: character of Water Margin, grand preceptor[^wikidata] - Other form: Grand Preceptor Cai[^wikidata] - Appears in: [[work_cn_q70827|Water Margin]][^wikidata] /people/cai-jing-shuihu-q111027783-q1146610.html en zh en Character in Water Margin true literary character person_cn_q11105909 person lin-ruhai-q11105909 林如海

Lin Ruhai is a character in Dream of the Red Chamber and the father of Lin Daiyu. He comes from a noble house that has passed down its title for generations and is also a family of scholars. He passes the imperial examination as tanhua, serves as a grand master of the Lantai office, and is later posted out to Yangzhou as salt censor. His wife Jia Min is a daughter of the Lady Dowager. Their son dies at three, Jia Min dies when Daiyu is six, and he dies of illness when she is ten.

published category-literature tag-fictional-character tag-classics wikidata https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11105909 zhwiki https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9E%97%E5%A6%82%E6%B5%B7 2026-10-25 2026-10-25 user:admin 5 Lin Ruhai is a character in Dream of the Red Chamber and the father of Lin Daiyu. Both Wikidata and the Chinese Wikipedia article use Lin Ruhai as the name. Wikidata also records the variant Lin Hai and the courtesy name Ruhai, but Lin Ruhai is the form in common use in the book, so the title stays as it is.[^wikidata][^zhwiki] ## Origins and career The Chinese Wikipedia article says he comes from a marquis house that has handed down its noble rank for generations, and is also a family of scholars. He rose through the examinations, placed as tanhua, and served as a grand master of the Lantai office, that is, a supervising censor of the Censorate. He was later posted out to Yangzhou as salt censor.[^zhwiki] ## Family and death His wife Jia Min is a daughter of Jia Daishan of the Rongguo house and of Lady Shi, the Lady Dowager. They had a son and a daughter. The son died young, at three. When their daughter Daiyu was six, Jia Min died of illness. The Lady Dowager pitied her lonely granddaughter and brought Daiyu to the Jia house to be raised. When Daiyu was ten, Lin Ruhai fell gravely ill and died.[^zhwiki] ## Basic facts - Name: Lin Ruhai, with the variant Lin Hai and the courtesy name Ruhai[^wikidata] - Role: character of Dream of the Red Chamber, father of Lin Daiyu[^wikidata][^zhwiki] - Offices: grand master of the Lantai office, later salt censor at Yangzhou[^zhwiki] - Setting recorded on this entry: the dynasty of the novel[^wikidata] - Appears in: [[work_cn_q8265|Dream of the Red Chamber]][^wikidata] /people/lin-ruhai-q11105909.html en zh en Character in Dream of the Red Chamber true literary character person_cn_q11125437 person duan-zhixuan-q11125437 段志玄

Duan Zhixuan (598–642) was a general of the late Sui and early Tang and one of the twenty-four meritorious officials of the Lingyan Pavilion. He joined Li Yuan's rising, won merit at Tongguan and against Wang Shichong, and stood with Li Shimin in the Xuanwu Gate incident. Under Taizong he rose to general of the left valiant guard, was made Duke of Fan and later Duke of Bao, and died of illness in 642.

published category-history tag-ancient-china wikidata https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11125437 zhwiki https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AE%B5%E5%BF%97%E7%8E%84 zhengshi https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%94%90%E6%9B%B8/%E5%8D%B7089 2026-10-25 2026-10-25 user:admin 3 Duan Zhixuan was a general of the late Sui and early Tang. The New Book of Tang gives him a biography under the name Duan Zhixuan, and Wikidata also uses Duan Zhixuan and records him as born in 598 and dead in 642. The Chinese Wikipedia article says his personal name was Xiong and that he went by his courtesy name, which the New Book of Tang does not mention, so the title stays the familiar Duan Zhixuan.[^wikidata][^zhengshi][^zhwiki] ## Family and youth The New Book of Tang says he was a man of Linzi in Qizhou. His father Duan Yanshi served the Sui as a judicial clerk of Taiyuan, later followed the righteous army, and rose to governor of Yingzhou. Zhixuan was tall and imposing, wild when young, and broke the law several times. At the end of the Daye era he stayed in Taiyuan with his father, and his bravery and decisiveness made the local rowdy youths fear him, so Prince of Qin Li Shimin came to know him.[^zhengshi] The Chinese Wikipedia article instead says he came from Zouping in Qizhou, and the birth place recorded by Wikidata is also Zouping, which differs from the Linzi of the New Book of Tang.[^wikidata][^zhwiki] ## Wars after the rising When the founder rose, Duan Zhixuan followed with a thousand men and was made head of the troops of the right commander-in-chief's office. He took Huoyi and Jiangjun, attacked the Yongfeng granary and led the assault. He became grand master for splendid happiness of the left. With Liu Wenjing he faced Qutu Tong at Tongguan. When Liu Wenjing was attacked by Sang Xianhe and his army was about to break, Zhixuan led strong cavalry into the enemy, killed a dozen men and, wounded by an arrow, said nothing and kept charging. The enemy fell into disorder and the Tang army recovered. Qutu Tong was beaten and fled, and Zhixuan and the generals overtook and captured him at Chousang, for which he was made general of chariots and horse of the Leyou office.[^zhengshi] In the campaign against Wang Shichong he rode deep into the enemy, his horse stumbled, and he was seized. Two horsemen gripped his topknot and were about to cross the Luo River when Zhixuan suddenly leapt up and pulled both men to the ground. He seized a horse and galloped back, and several hundred riders behind him did not dare come close. He also took part in defeating Dou Jiande and settling the eastern capital, and was promoted to second commander of the right in the Prince of Qin's household.[^zhengshi] ## The heir's overtures and Taizong's reign The Hidden Heir Li Jiancheng once tried to win him with gold and silk, and he refused. After the Prince of Qin took the throne, he rose to general of the left valiant guard and was made Duke of Fan with real fief of nine hundred households. He was sent to the Qinghai region to seize the Tuyuhun herds, lingered, and was dismissed, but soon returned to office. At the funeral of Empress Wende he and Yuwen Shiji commanded troops guarding the Zhangwu gate. In the night Taizong sent a messenger. Yuwen Shiji opened the door to him, but Zhixuan refused, saying that a military gate is not opened at night. The messenger showed an imperial letter, and Zhixuan answered that he could not make it out in the dark and would not let him in. At dawn the emperor sighed that this was a true general, and that Zhou Yafu could not have done better. He was made Duke of Bao and rose to general who guards the army.[^zhengshi] The Chinese Wikipedia article adds that in the Xuanwu Gate incident of 626 he and Yuchi Jingde and others killed Li Jiancheng and Li Yuanji, that in 637 he became Duke of Bao, that in 640 he was made general who guards the army, and that in the first month of 643 his portrait was painted in the Lingyan Pavilion, in tenth place.[^zhwiki] ## His death The New Book of Tang says that when he fell ill in 642 the emperor visited him and said in tears that he would give his son a fifth-rank post. Zhixuan kowtowed and asked that it go to his younger brother by the same mother, so Duan Zhigan was made commander of the left guard. When he died the emperor wept bitterly. He was granted the titles of general who supports the state and governor of Yangzhou, buried beside the Zhao mausoleum, and given the posthumous name Zhuangsu. The book also mentions his third-generation descendant Duan Wenchang.[^zhengshi] The Chinese Wikipedia article records his death in the sixteenth year of Zhenguan (642), says he fell ill from grief at his mother's death and died in his house in the capital at forty-five, and gives the posthumous name as Zhongzhuang. The two sources write the name differently. Wikidata also lists the alternative name Duke Zhonglie.[^wikidata][^zhwiki] ## Basic facts - Name: Duan Zhixuan; the Chinese Wikipedia article gives Xiong as his personal name[^zhengshi][^zhwiki] - Dates recorded on this entry: 598–642[^wikidata] - Birthplace recorded on this entry: Zouping[^wikidata] - Realm: Sui and Tang[^wikidata] - Titles: Duke of Fan, later Duke of Bao[^zhengshi] - Portrayal: [[person_cnv_q11125437_q70784|Duan Zhixuan]] (a character in Journey to the West) /people/duan-zhixuan-q11125437.html en zh en 598 598 642 642 historical figure person_cn_q11125664 person yin-kaishan-q11125664 殷开山

Yin Qiao (died 622), known by his courtesy name Kaishan, was from Huxian in Yongzhou and was a general of the late Sui and early Tang and one of the twenty-four meritorious officials of the Lingyan Pavilion. After Li Yuan rose he served in the general's office and followed Prince of Qin Li Shimin against Xue Ju and Wang Shichong, and was made Duke of Yun. He fell ill and died in 622 on the road to fight Liu Heita, and was given the posthumous name Jie.

published category-history tag-ancient-china wikidata https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11125664 zhwiki https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AE%B7%E5%BC%80%E5%B1%B1 zhengshi https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%94%90%E6%9B%B8/%E5%8D%B7090 2026-10-25 2026-10-25 user:admin 3 Yin Qiao was a general of the late Sui and early Tang whose courtesy name was Kaishan. He went by the courtesy name, and so has long been called Yin Kaishan. The New Book of Tang says that Yin Kaishan, whose given name was Qiao, went by his courtesy name, and the Chinese Wikipedia article likewise says his given name was Qiao and his courtesy name Kaishan. Wikidata labels him Yin Kaishan and lists the alternative names Yin Qiao in traditional and simplified characters, with the English alias Yin Qiao. Kaishan is a courtesy name, not the personal name, so the title uses the personal name.[^wikidata][^zhengshi][^zhwiki] ## Family and early life The New Book of Tang says his family had long lived south of the Yangzi. His grandfather Yin Buhai served the Chen as minister of agriculture, and when the Chen fell the family was moved to Jingzhao and became people of Huxian. Kaishan read widely, wrote letters well, and served the Sui as magistrate of Dagu.[^zhengshi] The Chinese Wikipedia article adds that his grandfather had earlier served the Liang, was taken to Guanzhong when the Western Wei captured Jiangling, and went back south to serve the Chen, while his father Yin Sengshou stayed in Guanzhong and served the Sui as a palace librarian and as marshal to the Prince of Qin. In youth he was known for learning and conduct, served as magistrate of Dagu and then of Shiai, and had a name for good government.[^zhwiki] ## In the Tang campaigns After the founder rose, he was summoned to fill a post in the general's office and followed the attack on Xihe, then served as chief secretary to the commander of the Weibei route. The bands of robbers near the capital each held their ground and would not submit, and he was sent to pacify them, and they all yielded. With Liu Hongji he camped at the old city and defeated Wei Wensheng's troops, and was granted the title of Duke of Chenjun and promoted to aide in the chancellor's office.[^zhengshi] As vice minister of personnel he followed the Prince of Qin against Xue Ju. The prince fell seriously ill and left the army to Liu Wenjing with orders to avoid battle. Yin Kaishan was eager to win credit and urged Liu Wenjing to fight, and at Zhezhi they were routed. He was handed to the officials and should have been executed, but the court pardoned him and only struck him from the rolls. Soon he followed the defeat of Xue Rengao, regained his title, held the post of minister of war of the Shaanxi circuit secretariat, and was moved to minister of personnel. For his part in the campaign against Wang Shichong he was advanced to Duke of Yun.[^zhengshi] ## Death and honors The New Book of Tang says that he fell ill and died on the road during the campaign against Liu Heita. The Prince of Qin wept bitterly, and an edict granted him the post of right vice-director of the Shaanxi grand secretariat and the posthumous name Jie. In the fourteenth year of Zhenguan he was placed with Li Shentong, Li Xiaogong and Liu Zhenghui in the sacrifices in the temple of the founder, and during Yonghui he was further granted the title of minister of works.[^zhengshi] The Chinese Wikipedia article records his death in 622, the fifth year of Wude, and says his name was entered in the Lingyan Pavilion in 643. It gives the year of the temple sacrifices as the fourth year of Zhenguan, which differs from the New Book of Tang.[^zhwiki] ## Basic facts - Name: personal name Qiao; courtesy name Kaishan, by which he was known[^zhengshi][^zhwiki] - Death: 622[^wikidata] - Birthplace: [[place_cn_610118|Huyi District]][^wikidata] - Realm: Sui and Tang[^wikidata] - Title: Duke of Yun[^zhengshi] - Portrayal: [[person_cn_q137948463|Yin Kaishan]] (a character in Journey to the West) /people/yin-kaishan-q11125664.html en zh en 622 622 historical figure person_cn_q11125726 person yin-hong-q11125726 殷洪

Yin Hong is a character of Investiture of the Gods, said to be the second legitimate son of King Zhou of Shang by Empress Jiang and a younger brother of Yin Jiao, with the rank of commandery prince. He is rescued and taught by Chijingzi, but on going down the mountain to help the Zhou he is swayed by Shen Gongbao and fights for the Shang. His teacher captures him with the Taiji diagram and burns him to ashes, and he is later made the spirit of the star of the five grains. Daoism also honors him as a guardian deity, popularly called Little Marshal Yin.

published category-literature tag-fictional-character tag-classics wikidata https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11125726 zhwiki https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AE%B7%E6%B4%AA 2026-10-25 2026-10-25 user:admin 3 Yin Hong is a character of Investiture of the Gods. Wikidata gives his Chinese label as Yin Hong, describes him as a character of the novel and records the Shang as the dynasty of the setting, so the title stays this name.[^wikidata][^zhwiki] ## Identity The Chinese Wikipedia article says Yin Hong is a well-known guardian deity of Daoism, enfeoffed as Marshal Weili Yade, deputy official of the earth-office Year Star, and popularly called Little Marshal Yin, whose task is to assist his elder brother Yin Jiao. In the myth he is said to be the second legitimate son of King Zhou of Shang, a prince of the Shang.[^zhwiki] ## In Investiture of the Gods In the novel Yin Jiao and Yin Hong are sons of Empress Jiang. Yin Jiao is the crown prince and Yin Hong a commandery prince. After Daji contrives the death of Empress Jiang, the two princes are condemned to death for plotting to kill the king. They ask Huang Feihu for help and are taken out of Chaoge by the brothers Fang Bi and Fang Xiang, but are caught again by Yin Poba and Lei Kai. Before the execution, Guangchengzi saves Yin Jiao and Chijingzi saves Yin Hong. The two immortals meant to raise the princes into helpers of King Wu of Zhou and Jiang Ziya, to help King Wu overthrow the Shang, so they teach them magic and give them divine weapons. Yin Hong receives the purple-ribbon immortal robe, the yin-yang mirror and the water-and-fire blade, and Yin Jiao the sky-turning seal, the soul-dropping bell and the male-and-female swords. The two also swear a terrible oath to raise up the Zhou and conquer the Shang, on pain of a cruel death, and go down the mountain to help King Wu and Jiang Ziya.[^zhwiki] On the way Yin Hong meets Shen Gongbao, Jiang Ziya's bitter enemy. Shen Gongbao baits him with family feeling and persuades him to join the Shang camp. Yin Hong's magic is strong and at first troubles the Zhou army badly, but in the end his own teacher Chijingzi captures him with the Taiji diagram. He is burned inside the diagram until his body turns to ashes. After his death he is made the spirit of the star of the five grains.[^zhwiki] ## Basic facts - Identity: character of Investiture of the Gods, second son of King Zhou[^wikidata][^zhwiki] - Death year: 1100 BC, as recorded by Wikidata for the character[^wikidata] - Realm of the setting: Shang[^wikidata] - Divine posts: Marshal Weili Yade, popularly Little Marshal Yin; in the novel the spirit of the star of the five grains[^zhwiki] - Appears in: [[work_cn_q1336310|Investiture of the Gods]][^zhwiki] /people/yin-hong-q11125726.html en zh en Character in Investiture of the Gods true literary character person_cn_q11125769 person yin-jiao-q11125769 殷郊

Yin Jiao, also written with a different second character (殷交), is a famed guardian deity of Daoism and said to be the leader of the sixty Tai Sui star lords. In Investiture of the Gods he is the crown prince of King Zhou of Shang, studies the Dao under Guangchengzi, and is sent down the mountain to help the Zhou, but is turned by Shen Gongbao, fights against the Zhou, is defeated by Jiang Ziya and Randeng Daoren, and dies by the plow. He is then made the Tai Sui spirit of the ruling year. His brother is Yin Hong.

published category-literature tag-fictional-character tag-classics wikidata https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11125769 zhwiki https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AE%B7%E9%83%8A 2026-10-25 2026-10-25 user:admin 3 Yin Jiao, also written with a different second character (殷交), is a famed guardian deity of Daoism, said to be the leader of the sixty Tai Sui star lords, and in Investiture of the Gods the crown prince of King Zhou of Shang. Wikidata and the Chinese Wikipedia article both use the name Yin Jiao, so the title stays as it is.[^wikidata][^zhwiki] ## Where the name comes from The Chinese Wikipedia article says the name Yin Jiao appears fairly late. The earlier name in the texts is Marshal Yin, found in the Summoning Spell of Marshal Yin in volume five of the Daoist Taishang sandong shenzhou, which dates from between the Song and Yuan. Peng Yuantai's Tianxin disi dafa, with a preface of 1274, in the Daofa huiyuan, gives a long title ending in Yin Jiao and several spells for summoning him, which shows that the Daoist view of Yin Jiao as Tai Sui existed by the late Southern Song at the latest. The Yuan-era Sanjiao yuanliu soushen daquan by Qin Zijin has a Tai Sui, Marshal Yin, whose account runs to more than 650 characters and mostly resembles Investiture of the Gods, showing that the legend was already formed in the Song. Wikidata also lists the forms Marshal Yin, Heavenly Lord Yin and True Lord of Utmost Virtue.[^zhwiki][^wikidata] ## Yin Jiao in the Sanjiao yuanliu soushen daquan In this book Yin Jiao is the crown prince of King Zhou. His mother conceived him by stepping on a giant's footprint, and he was born as a ball of flesh. Daji proposed that the king throw him out into the wilds, hence the name Jiao, meaning the outskirts. His mother was killed by Daji, and Yin Jiao was carried off by the Daoist Shen and became accomplished under him, gained many treasures, subdued a spirit and a crow general, and killed twelve skeleton spirits. He later helped King Wu of Zhou defeat the Shang and cut down Daji with his own hands. The Jade Emperor made him Roving Envoy of the Earth Office of the Nine Heavens and Marshal of Killing and Authority of the Tai Sui of Utmost Virtue, and he appears as a child with three heads and six arms.[^zhwiki] ## In Investiture of the Gods In the novel Yin Jiao is the crown prince of the Shang. After his mother Empress Jiang is killed, he is pressed by his stepmother Daji and hunted by the king, and Guangchengzi saves him and takes him to Mount Jiuxian to practice the Dao. When his training is done he goes down the mountain at Guangchengzi's order with treasures such as the sky-turning seal to help King Wu overthrow the Shang. On the way he meets Shen Gongbao, who tells him his brother Yin Hong is dead, and he resolves to avenge his brother, turns against his oath and joins the Shang in attacking King Wu. He is defeated by Jiang Ziya and Randeng Daoren, drawn into Mount Qi, and dies by the plow. When Jiang Ziya prepares the investiture list, Yin Jiao's spirit is made the Tai Sui spirit who rules the year.[^zhwiki] ## Worship The article lists temples that worship him. At the Tin Hau temple on Tung Ping Chau and the Hung Shing temple on Cheung Chau in Hong Kong he is a secondary deity as the Tai Sui star lord. In Taiwan some temples make him the main god of a Tai Sui hall and others honor him as a guardian of the Jade Emperor. Many celebrate his birthday on the nineteenth of the seventh lunar month.[^zhwiki] ## Basic facts - Identity: Daoist guardian deity, leader of the Tai Sui; in Investiture of the Gods the crown prince of King Zhou[^wikidata][^zhwiki] - Variant writing: 殷交, with a different second character[^zhwiki] - Death year: 1100 BC, as recorded by Wikidata for the character[^wikidata] - Brother: Yin Hong[^zhwiki] - Appears in: [[work_cn_q1336310|Investiture of the Gods]][^wikidata] /people/yin-jiao-q11125769.html en zh en Character in Investiture of the Gods true mythological figure person_cn_q111309829 person emperor-huizong-song-shuihu-q111309829-q7486 宋徽宗

Emperor Huizong of Song is a figure in Water Margin, an emperor of the Song in the novel, who is also recorded under the forms Prince Duan and the Daoist Lord Emperor. The figure is based on the historical Emperor Huizong of Song. This entry rests on Wikidata alone, so only a few facts can be confirmed.

published category-literature tag-fictional-character tag-classics wikidata https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q111309829 2026-10-25 2026-10-25 user:admin 3 Emperor Huizong of Song is a figure in the novel Water Margin. Wikidata gives the Chinese label for this character as Huizong and describes him as a Water Margin character and an emperor of the Song. Huizong is a temple name, not a personal name, and Wikidata gives no personal name for this figure, so the title stays as it is.[^wikidata] ## Identity and forms of address Wikidata records him as a character of Water Margin and an emperor of the Song, with the occupation of political figure. The same record lists the forms Prince Duan, Emperor Huizong of Song, Daoist Lord Emperor and Daoist Lord Son of Heaven. Prince Duan is a princely title and the Daoist Lord forms are honorific, so none of them is a name.[^wikidata] ## Relation to the historical man The novel's figure is based on the historical person [[person_cn_q7486|Emperor Huizong of Song]]. This entry covers the figure in the book, and the historical emperor has an entry of his own.[^wikidata] ## Basic facts - Identity: character of Water Margin, emperor of the Song[^wikidata] - Forms of address: Prince Duan, Emperor Huizong of Song, Daoist Lord Emperor, Daoist Lord Son of Heaven[^wikidata] - Appears in: [[work_cn_q70827|Water Margin]][^wikidata] /people/emperor-huizong-song-shuihu-q111309829-q7486.html en zh en Character in Water Margin true literary character person_cn_q11143661 person fa-zhen-q11143661 法真

Fa Zhen (100–188), courtesy name Gaoqing, was from Mei in Fufeng and a great Confucian scholar of the Eastern Han, son of the Nanjun grand administrator Fa Xiong and grandfather of Fa Zheng of Shu Han. He knew the classics and charts inside and out and drew pupils from afar. He refused every office, including four summonses from Emperor Shun, and his friend Guo Zheng called him a teacher of a hundred generations and had a stele cut naming him Master Xuande. He died at eighty-nine in 188.

published category-history tag-ancient-china wikidata https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11143661 zhwiki https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E7%9C%9F zhengshi https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E5%BE%8C%E6%BC%A2%E6%9B%B8/%E5%8D%B783 2026-10-25 2026-10-25 user:admin 4 Fa Zhen was a great Confucian scholar of the Eastern Han. The Book of the Later Han, in its chapter on recluses, calls him Fa Zhen, courtesy name Gaoqing. Wikidata also uses Fa Zhen and records him as born in 100 and dead in 188, so the title stays the personal name.[^wikidata][^zhengshi] ## Family and learning The Book of the Later Han says Fa Zhen, courtesy name Gaoqing, with one version writing the second character differently, came from Mei in Fufeng and was a son of Fa Xiong, grand administrator of Nanjun. He loved study and did not confine himself to one school. He knew the classics and charts inside and out and was a great scholar of Guanxi. Several hundred pupils came from afar, among them Fan Ran of Chenliu.[^zhengshi] The Chinese Wikipedia article adds that he was the grandfather of Fa Zheng, a leading minister of Shu Han.[^zhwiki] ## Refusing office The Book of the Later Han says he was quiet by nature, had few desires, and did not meddle in other people's affairs. When the grand administrator invited him to an interview, Fa Zhen came in a plain headcloth. The administrator said that Duke Ai of Lu was no worthy ruler, yet Confucius called himself his subject, and he asked Fa Zhen to condescend to serve as officer of merit and help the court. Fa Zhen replied that because he was treated with courtesy he dared to sit at the bottom as a guest, but that if he were to be made a clerk he would go north of the northern hills and south of the southern hills. The administrator was frightened and did not speak of it again. He declined calls from the ministers' offices and nominations as a worthy man.[^zhengshi] Tian Ruo of the same commandery recommended him to the court as a man who mastered the four fields of the Odes, Documents, Rites and Music, deep in learning, content in seclusion, who would not bend for black and crimson silks. Tian Ruo recommended him again when Emperor Shun toured the west. The emperor sincerely wished to bring him in and summoned him four times. Fa Zhen said that since he could not hide his form from the world, why should he drink the water that washed ears, and he withdrew still further and never gave in.[^zhengshi] ## Assessment and death His friend Guo Zheng praised him, saying that Fa Zhen's name could be heard but the man himself was hard to meet, that he fled fame and fame followed, avoided fame and fame pursued, and that he could be called a teacher of a hundred generations. Together with the villagers Guo Zheng had a stele cut in his praise and called him Master Xuande. He died of old age at eighty-nine in the fifth year of Zhongping, 188.[^zhengshi] The Chinese Wikipedia article agrees with this account.[^zhwiki] ## Basic facts - Name: Fa Zhen[^zhengshi] - Courtesy name: Gaoqing[^zhengshi] - Honorific: Master Xuande[^zhengshi] - Dates recorded on this entry: 100–188[^wikidata] - Origin: Mei county, Fufeng[^zhengshi] - Realm: Eastern Han[^wikidata] - Portrayal: [[person_cn_q124334455|Fa Zhen]] (a character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms) /people/fa-zhen-q11143661.html en zh en 100 100 188 188 historical figure person_cn_q1114786 person xin-xianying-q1114786 辛宪英

Xin Xianying (191–269) was a daughter of Xin Pi of Cao Wei, an elder sister of Xin Chang and the wife of Yang Dan, known for her shrewd judgment of men and events. She saw misfortune in Cao Pi's joy at becoming heir, advised her brother to do his duty and leave the city with Lu Zhi during the coup at the Gaoping tombs, and foresaw that Zhong Hui would turn against the state on the Shu campaign, and warned her son Yang Xiu. She died in 269 at seventy-nine.

published category-history tag-ancient-china wikidata https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1114786 zhwiki https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BE%9B%E6%86%B2%E8%8B%B1 zhengshi https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%99%89%E6%9B%B8/%E5%8D%B7096 2026-10-25 2026-10-25 user:admin 4 Xin Xianying was a woman of Cao Wei known for her intelligence and discernment. The Book of Jin, in its biographies of women, calls her Madam Xin, wife of Yang Dan, with the courtesy name Xianying, and the Chinese Wikipedia article says plainly that her personal name is unknown and that Xianying is a courtesy name. Wikidata records her as born in 191 and dead in 269. The sources give no personal name that can be verified, so the title stays the familiar Xin Xianying.[^wikidata][^zhengshi][^zhwiki] ## Family The Book of Jin says she was a daughter of Xin Pi, palace attendant of Wei, bright and open, with talent and discernment, and that she married Yang Dan. The Book of Jin calls her a woman of Longxi, while the Chinese Wikipedia article says she came from Yangzhai in Yingchuan, so the two sources differ on her origin. Her younger brother Xin Chang served as a staff officer to the general-in-chief Cao Shuang. Her husband Yang Dan rose to minister of ceremonies of Wei, her sons included Yang Jin and Yang Xiu, and her nephew was Yang Hu, later a famous general of the Western Jin.[^zhengshi][^zhwiki] ## Seeing the omen in the heir's joy When Cao Pi was made heir, he held Xin Pi by the neck and asked whether he knew how happy he was. Xin Pi told his daughter. Xianying sighed and said that the heir is the one who carries the ancestral temple and the altars for the ruler, that one must grieve in the ruler's place and be wary in managing the state, and that rejoicing where one should grieve could not last, so would Wei not decline?[^zhengshi] ## Advising her brother at the Gaoping coup When Sima Yi moved to kill Cao Shuang, he closed the city gates while Cao Shuang was out with the emperor. Cao Shuang's marshal Lu Zhi broke through with the staff troops and called on Xin Chang to come along. Xin Chang was afraid and asked his sister what to do. Xianying said that events cannot be known beforehand, but by her reckoning the grand tutor had hardly any choice. The late emperor Ming had taken him by the arm and entrusted the future to him, and the courtiers still remembered the words. Cao Shuang and the grand tutor were given the trust together, yet Cao Shuang seized all the power, which was disloyal to the royal house and not upright in human terms, and the grand tutor's move was no more than to kill Cao Shuang. Xin Chang asked whether he should stay in the city. Xianying said how could he not go, since duty to one's post is the great obligation of a person, and to hold the whip for a man and abandon his task is ill-omened. To die for another is the duty of an intimate, and Xin Chang was only following the crowd. He then left the city. Sima Yi did kill Cao Shuang, and afterwards Xin Chang sighed that had he not consulted his sister he would almost have failed in righteousness.[^zhengshi] ## Foreseeing Zhong Hui's ambition When Zhong Hui became general who guards the west, Xianying asked her nephew Yang Hu why Zhong Shiji was marching west. Yang Hu said it was to destroy Shu. She said that Zhong Hui was reckless in office, that this was not the way to serve long under another, and that she feared he had other ambitions. When Zhong Hui was about to go, he asked her son Yang Xiu to be a staff officer. Xianying said with worry that she had once worried for the state, and now the trouble was coming to her own house. Yang Xiu pleaded hard with the emperor, who would not listen. Xianying told her son to go but to take care. The gentleman of old, at home, gave filial service to his parents, and abroad, gave loyalty to the state. In his post he should think of what he is responsible for, when facing right and wrong he should think of his position, and he should not leave his parents anxious. In the army the one thing that could bring him through was kindness and forbearance. Zhong Hui did rebel once he reached Shu, and Yang Xiu came home safe.[^zhengshi] ## Thrift and death Yang Hu once sent her a brocade quilt. She found it too showy and used it turned inside out. The Book of Jin says she died in the fifth year of Taishi at seventy-nine, that is in 269.[^zhengshi] The Chinese Wikipedia article notes that chapter 107 of Romance of the Three Kingdoms also tells of her analysis of Sima Yi's move against Cao Shuang and her urging her brother to do his duty.[^zhwiki] ## Basic facts - Name: Xin Xianying; Xianying is her courtesy name and her personal name is not known[^zhwiki] - Dates recorded on this entry: 191–269[^wikidata] - Kin: daughter of Xin Pi, sister of Xin Chang, wife of Yang Dan[^zhengshi][^zhwiki] - Realm: Cao Wei[^wikidata] - Portrayal: [[person_cn_q124619339|Xin Xianying]] (a character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms) /people/xin-xianying-q1114786.html en zh en 191 191 269 269 historical figure person_cn_q11153606 person demon-king-confusion-q11153606 混世魔王

The Demon King of Confusion is a monster in Journey to the West, tall, carrying a great sword, able to ride the clouds, and living in the Shuizang cave of Mount Kanyuan. While Sun Wukong is away learning the arts, he seizes the monkeys of Flower-Fruit Mountain as slaves, and is killed by Sun Wukong on his return, the first monster Sun Wukong defeats. The name is also used for a person of great power who defies all rules.

published category-literature tag-fictional-character tag-classics wikidata https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11153606 zhwiki https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B7%B7%E4%B8%96%E9%AD%94%E7%8E%8B 2026-10-25 2026-10-25 user:admin 3 The Demon King of Confusion is a monster in Journey to the West. Wikidata gives his Chinese label as Hunshi Mowang, with the English name Demon King of Confusion and the further alias Sovereign Devil of Confusion, and describes him as a character of that novel. This is the title the book gives the monster, and the cited sources give no personal name, so the title stays as it is.[^wikidata][^zhwiki] ## In Journey to the West The Chinese Wikipedia article says he is the first monster Sun Wukong defeats. He wields a great sword and can ride the clouds. He is tall, carries the sword, and lives in the Shuizang cave of Mount Kanyuan. While Sun Wukong has left the Water Curtain Cave to learn from the Patriarch Subhuti, the demon king forces the monkeys of Flower-Fruit Mountain to be his slaves and takes some young monkeys and their belongings. Sun Wukong, just back from his studies and about to take back Flower-Fruit Mountain, kills him.[^zhwiki] ## In other works The article also says that in the Sanbao taijian xiyang ji he fights the Mysterious Lady of the Nine Heavens for seven days and nights on Mount Mojie without either winning, and is finally sealed in a basket by her. The name Demon King of Confusion is today also used of a person of great power who defies all rules and gives others a headache.[^zhwiki] ## Basic facts - Identity: character of Journey to the West, a monster[^wikidata][^zhwiki] - Dwelling: the Shuizang cave of Mount Kanyuan[^zhwiki] - Weapon: a great sword[^zhwiki] - Appears in: [[work_cn_q70784|Journey to the West]][^wikidata] /people/demon-king-confusion-q11153606.html en zh en Character in Journey to the West true mythological figure person_cn_q111660221 person tong-guan-shuihu-q111660221-q707756 童贯

Tong Guan is a fictional character in Water Margin, also recorded under the form Privy Councillor Tong. The figure is based on the historical Tong Guan. This entry rests on Wikidata alone, so only a few facts can be confirmed.

published category-literature tag-fictional-character tag-classics wikidata https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q111660221 2026-10-25 2026-10-25 user:admin 4 Tong Guan is a figure in the novel Water Margin. Wikidata gives his Chinese label in traditional characters, gives the English name Tong Guan and describes him as a Water Margin character, so the title stays this name.[^wikidata] ## Identity and forms of address Wikidata records him as a character of Water Margin, with the occupation of political figure, and lists the simplified spelling of the name and the form Privy Councillor Tong. Privy councillor is an office, and Privy Councillor Tong addresses him by that office, so it is not another name.[^wikidata] ## Relation to the historical man The novel's figure is based on the historical person [[person_cn_q707756|Tong Guan]]. This entry covers the figure in the book, and the historical Tong Guan has an entry of his own.[^wikidata] ## Basic facts - Identity: character of Water Margin[^wikidata] - Other form: Privy Councillor Tong[^wikidata] - Appears in: [[work_cn_q70827|Water Margin]][^wikidata] /people/tong-guan-shuihu-q111660221-q707756.html en zh en Character in Water Margin true literary character person_cn_q11174510 person yuanyang-q11174510 鸳鸯

Jin Yuanyang is the senior maid of the Lady Dowager in Dream of the Red Chamber, a household-born slave of the Jia family and the Lady Dowager's trusted right hand. Her brother Jin Wenxiang is the purchasing agent of the Lady Dowager's rooms. When Jia She wants to take her as a concubine she swears she would die before yielding, and she is freed from his pursuit only when the Lady Dowager steps in. In the last forty chapters she hangs herself in despair after the Lady Dowager's death.

published category-literature tag-fictional-character tag-classics wikidata https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11174510 zhwiki https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%B8%B3%E9%B8%AF_(%E7%BA%A2%E6%A5%BC%E6%A2%A6) 2026-10-25 2026-10-25 user:admin 3 Jin Yuanyang is a character in Dream of the Red Chamber. The Chinese Wikipedia article says her surname is Jin and her given name Yuanyang. Wikidata labels her Yuanyang, lists the further form Jin Yuanyang, and gives the English alias Jin Yuanyang, so the title uses the full name with the surname.[^wikidata][^zhwiki] ## Position and family She is a household-born slave of the Jia family, one of the senior maids who serve the Lady Dowager, and the Lady Dowager's trusted right hand. Wikidata describes her as the Lady Dowager's maid. The Chinese Wikipedia article describes her with a slender waist, sloping shoulders, an oval face, glossy black hair, a high nose, and a few light freckles on her cheeks. Her parents look after the Jia house in Nanjing, her brother Jin Wenxiang is the purchasing agent of the Lady Dowager's rooms, and her sister-in-law heads the laundry there.[^zhwiki][^wikidata] ## Refusing Jia She In the novel, Jia She wants to take Yuanyang as a concubine, and she flatly refuses. He insists and sends Lady Xing and Yuanyang's brother and sister-in-law to persuade and press her. She will not give way and swears that, not to speak of Baoyu, even Precious Gold, Precious Heavenly King or Precious Emperor, she will simply never marry. In chapter 46 she shows the Lady Dowager her resolve to die, saying that even if the Lady Dowager herself forced her, she would cut her throat with a knife before she obeyed. The Lady Dowager then steps in and frees her from Jia She's pursuit. Jia She says angrily that she must find him old and be in love with the young masters, and that he will submit only if she dies or never marries.[^zhwiki] ## Her end and the verses In the last forty chapters written by Gao E, after the Lady Dowager dies Yuanyang hangs herself in despair, and before dying her spirit meets the departed spirit of Qin Keqing of the twelve beauties of Jinling. The Chinese Wikipedia article also says that although she is an important female figure of the novel, she has no verse in the registers, like Ping'er.[^zhwiki] ## Basic facts - Name: Jin Yuanyang, with the surname Jin and given name Yuanyang[^zhwiki][^wikidata] - Role: character of Dream of the Red Chamber, senior maid of the Lady Dowager[^wikidata][^zhwiki] - Family: brother Jin Wenxiang; sister-in-law in charge of laundry in the Lady Dowager's rooms[^zhwiki] - Setting recorded on this entry: the dynasty of the novel[^wikidata] - Appears in: [[work_cn_q8265|Dream of the Red Chamber]][^wikidata] /people/yuanyang-q11174510.html en zh en Character in Dream of the Red Chamber true literary character person_cn_q111747615 person li-shishi-shuihu-q111747615-q6539077 李师师

Li Shishi is a character in Water Margin whom Wikidata describes as a courtesan of Bianjing, and who is also recorded under the form Li Xingshou. The figure is based on the historical Li Shishi. This entry rests on Wikidata alone, so only a few facts can be confirmed.

published category-literature tag-fictional-character tag-classics wikidata https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q111747615 2026-10-25 2026-10-25 user:admin 3 Li Shishi is a figure in the novel Water Margin. Wikidata gives her Chinese label in traditional characters, gives the English name Li Shishi, and describes her as a Water Margin character and a courtesan of Bianjing, so the title stays this name.[^wikidata] ## Identity and forms of address Wikidata records her as a character of Water Margin whose description places her in Bianjing, and lists the simplified spelling of her name and the form Li Xingshou. Li Xingshou is an alternative form, and the record gives no other personal name.[^wikidata] ## Relation to the historical woman The novel's figure is based on the historical person [[person_cn_q6539077|Li Shishi]]. This entry covers the figure in the book, and the historical Li Shishi has an entry of her own.[^wikidata] ## Basic facts - Identity: character of Water Margin, a courtesan of Bianjing[^wikidata] - Other form: Li Xingshou[^wikidata] - Appears in: [[work_cn_q70827|Water Margin]][^wikidata] /people/li-shishi-shuihu-q111747615-q6539077.html en zh en Character in Water Margin true literary character person_cn_q11175285 person sheyue-q11175285 麝月

Sheyue is a maid at Jia Baoyu's side in Dream of the Red Chamber, second only to Xiren in the Yihong Court, honest and steady in manner. In chapter 63 she draws the tuMi flower lot, which hints that after the fall of the Jia family she will be the last maid left beside Baoyu and Baochai. After Baoyu becomes a monk only she and Baochai remain to depend on each other, a sad end that moves the commentators.

published category-literature tag-fictional-character tag-classics wikidata https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11175285 zhwiki https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BA%9D%E6%9C%88 2026-10-25 2026-10-25 user:admin 4 Sheyue is a character in Dream of the Red Chamber and a maid of Jia Baoyu. Both Wikidata and the Chinese Wikipedia article use Sheyue, and the cited sources give neither a surname nor another name for her, so the title stays as it is.[^wikidata][^zhwiki] ## Her place in the Yihong Court The Chinese Wikipedia article says Sheyue is a maid at Jia Baoyu's side and ranks second only to Xiren in the Yihong Court. She is honest and steady, and seems like another Xiren.[^zhwiki] ## The lot and her end In the drinking game of chapter 63, Sheyue draws the tuMi flower lot, which reads that the flower's finest days are past and that when tuMi blooms the flower season is over. The article says that by this hint, after the Jia family falls, Sheyue will be the last maid to remain beside Baoyu and Baochai. As support it cites a comment by Zhiyan zhai at chapter 20 that after Xiren marries away, she should by all means keep Sheyue. After Baoyu leaves to become a monk, only Sheyue and Baochai are left to depend on each other, which the article calls a very sad end, and the commentators on the manuscript feel pity for her. The article adds that the hint of chapter 63 points to her sad end, but the continuing author did not notice it.[^zhwiki] ## Basic facts - Name: Sheyue[^wikidata][^zhwiki] - Role: character of Dream of the Red Chamber, maid of Jia Baoyu[^wikidata] - Setting recorded on this entry: the dynasty of the novel[^wikidata] - Appears in: [[work_cn_q8265|Dream of the Red Chamber]][^wikidata] /people/sheyue-q11175285.html en zh en Character in Dream of the Red Chamber true literary character person_cn_q11176387 person huang-wenbing-q11176387 黄文炳

Huang Wenbing is a fictional character in Water Margin, an idle assistant prefect of Wuwei Army in Jiangzhou, capable but narrow-minded, fawning on the powerful and spiteful, nicknamed Wasp Sting. When he finds the rebellious poem Song Jiang wrote at Xunyang Tower he reports it eagerly, and he sees through the false letter carried by Dai Zong and urges that both men be executed, until the Liangshan band raids the execution ground and rescues them. Song Jiang then takes revenge, and Zhang Shun captures him alive and he is put to death.

published category-literature tag-fictional-character tag-classics wikidata https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11176387 zhwiki https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BB%83%E6%96%87%E7%82%B3_(%E6%B0%B4%E6%BB%B8%E5%82%B3) 2026-10-25 2026-10-25 user:admin 3 Huang Wenbing is a fictional character in Water Margin. Wikidata gives his Chinese label as Huang Wenbing in traditional characters, records his nickname Wasp Sting, and lists the form Assistant Prefect Huang. The nickname and the office are not names, so the title stays Huang Wenbing.[^wikidata][^zhwiki] ## Who he is The Chinese Wikipedia article says he is an idle assistant prefect of Wuwei Army in Jiangzhou, capable but narrow-minded, fawning on the powerful, harsh and spiteful, nicknamed Wasp Sting. Wikidata records him as a fictional character of Water Margin with the occupation of political figure and the Great Song as the setting.[^zhwiki][^wikidata] ## Denouncing Song Jiang He is set on rising in the world. When he finds the rebellious poem Song Jiang wrote at Xunyang Tower, he sees a chance not to be missed and reports it, hoping to use Song Jiang's head as his step to promotion, and he schemes to bring Song Jiang to his death. He also sees through the false letter carried by Dai Zong, and advises Cai Dezhang to execute both men on the charge of inventing wild rumors and colluding with bandits. The Liangshan heroes then raid the execution ground and rescue the two.[^zhwiki] ## His end Song Jiang, angry that Huang Wenbing, who had no grievance against him, was bent on killing him, joined Chao Gai and other Liangshan heroes to burn his house, and of his whole family only his elder brother Huang Wenhua, kind-hearted and nicknamed Buddha Huang, was spared. Huang Wenbing himself, hurrying back in alarm, was captured alive by Zhang Shun and put to death by slow slicing at the hand of Li Kui. The article also lists the thirty men who took part, thirteen from Jiangzhou and seventeen from Liangshan.[^zhwiki] ## Basic facts - Identity: fictional character of Water Margin, assistant prefect of Wuwei Army in Jiangzhou[^wikidata][^zhwiki] - Nickname: Wasp Sting; form of address: Assistant Prefect Huang[^wikidata][^zhwiki] - Realm of the setting: Great Song[^wikidata] - Appears in: [[work_cn_q70827|Water Margin]][^wikidata] /people/huang-wenbing-q11176387.html en zh en Character in Water Margin true literary character person_cn_q11177289 person huang-tianhua-q11177289 黄天化

Huang Tianhua is the eldest son of Huang Feihu in Investiture of the Gods and a disciple of the Perfected Lord of Pure Void. Taken as a pupil at three, he comes down the mountain at sixteen to help his father, kills the Four Generals of the Mo family with his heart-piercing nails, and becomes a commander of Xiqi. On the eastern campaign he is killed by Gao Jineng at Jinji Ridge, and after death is made Lord Bingling, in charge of the three mountains.

published category-literature tag-fictional-character tag-classics wikidata https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11177289 zhwiki https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BB%84%E5%A4%A9%E5%8C%96 2026-10-25 2026-10-25 user:admin 3 Huang Tianhua is a character of Investiture of the Gods. Wikidata gives his Chinese label as Huang Tianhua, describes him as a character of the novel, and lists the alternative names Lord Bingling in two spellings. The title stays the personal name, and Lord Bingling is the divine post he is given after death.[^wikidata][^zhwiki] ## Origins and training The Chinese Wikipedia list of characters of the novel says Huang Tianhua is the eldest son of Huang Feihu and a disciple of the Perfected Lord of Pure Void. At three, while playing in the rear garden, he was taken away by the Perfected Lord and made his pupil, and Huang Feihu knew nothing of it beforehand.[^zhwiki] ## Coming down the mountain to help his father When Huang Tianhua was sixteen, Huang Feihu rebelled against Chaoge because Daji had brought about the deaths of his wife and sister, and was struck dead on the road by the Tongguan commander Chen Tong with a fire-dragon dart, so the Perfected Lord sent Huang Tianhua down the mountain to help his father. Hearing of his mother's sad fate, he swore to go to Chaoge to avenge her. He took in Chen Tong's fire-dragon dart with a flower basket, cut Chen Tong down, and returned to report to his teacher. When the Xiqi army was fighting the Four Generals of the Mo family he came down again, but after coming down he broke the vegetarian rule and exchanged his Daoist robe for a warrior's dress. These two acts shortened his fate, and he lost to Mo Liqing of the four. His teacher luckily saved him with an elixir and gave him a treasure, the heart-piercing nails. He came down once more, killed the Four Generals, and became one of the commanders of Xiqi.[^zhwiki] ## Appearance and temper The list says he is nine chi tall, with a face like mutton fat, rides a jade qilin, and fights with two silver hammers. He is fierce by temper. On first coming down he did not know that his mother had been killed by King Zhou, assumed his father had left her behind in his flight, and called his father cruel without asking. After being hurt by Deng Chanyu's five-light stones, and again after being captured by Tu Xingsun, he quarreled with Nezha, who had suffered the same.[^zhwiki] ## Death and investiture On the eastern campaign the Perfected Lord of Pure Void saw that his path was likely to end badly, and told him not to fight any enemy general whose name contained gao or neng, and to avoid golden roosters and wasps, but he did not take it in. When the army reached Jinji Ridge, held by Kong Xuan, commander of Yuansan Pass, he charged first and killed Kong Xuan's officer Chen Geng, his first and last victory. Jiang Ziya could not beat Kong Xuan and planned a night raid. During it, Huang Tianhua's mount was stung by the wasps that the enemy general Gao Jineng released, he fell, and Gao Jineng speared him to death. After death he is made Lord Bingling, in charge of the three mountains of Fangzhang, Penglai and Yingzhou.[^zhwiki] ## Basic facts - Identity: character of Investiture of the Gods, eldest son of Huang Feihu[^wikidata][^zhwiki] - Teacher: the Perfected Lord of Pure Void[^zhwiki] - Divine post: Lord Bingling, also spelled in a second form[^wikidata][^zhwiki] - Younger brothers: Huang Tianlu, Huang Tianjue, Huang Tianxiang[^zhwiki] - Appears in: [[work_cn_q1336310|Investiture of the Gods]][^wikidata] /people/huang-tianhua-q11177289.html en zh en Character in Investiture of the Gods true literary character person_cn_q11180804 person gong-qi-q11180804 龚起

Gong Qi is a fictional character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms, an auxiliary general of Shu Han. In chapter 97 he is killed by the Wei general Wang Shuang, and Wikidata records his death as 228.[^wikidata][^zhwiki]

published category-literature tag-fictional-character tag-classics wikidata https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180804 zhwiki https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BE%94%E8%B5%B7 2026-10-25 2026-10-25 user:admin 3 Gong Qi is a fictional character from the novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms, and Wikidata classes him as a Shu Han military officer. The Chinese name on this entry is 龚起 (traditional form 龔起), so the title stays as the character's name.[^wikidata] ## Place in the novel The Chinese Wikipedia list of fictional Three Kingdoms characters places him in chapter 97, describing him as a junior Shu general killed by the Wei general Wang Shuang. The list gives only this short note and no home place, courtesy name, or further career.[^zhwiki] ## Basic facts - Name: Gong Qi (龚起)[^wikidata] - Role: fictional character of Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Shu Han officer[^wikidata] - Death year recorded on this entry: 228[^wikidata] - Appears in: [[work_cn_q70806|Romance of the Three Kingdoms]] /people/gong-qi-q11180804.html en zh en 228 228 Character in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms true literary character person_cn_q1120512 person huangfu-song-q1120512 皇甫嵩

Huangfu Song (died 195), courtesy name Yizhen, was a Late Han general from Chaona in Anding and a nephew of the general Huangfu Gui. He helped suppress the Yellow Turban rising, killing Zhang Liang and Zhang Bao, and later survived Dong Zhuo's seizure of power before dying of illness during Li Jue's revolt.[^zhengshi][^wikidata]

published category-history tag-ancient-china wikidata https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1120512 zhwiki https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9A%87%E7%94%AB%E5%B5%A9 zhengshi https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E5%BE%8C%E6%BC%A2%E6%9B%B8/%E5%8D%B771 2026-10-25 2026-10-25 user:admin 3 Huangfu Song was a general of the late Eastern Han. Book of the Later Han, juan 71, gives his courtesy name as Yizhen and calls him a man of Chaona in Anding, nephew of the general Huangfu Gui; his father Huangfu Jie was grand administrator of Yanmen. Wikidata uses the same name and records his death as 195.[^zhengshi][^wikidata] ## Early life The history says he had literary and martial ambitions from youth, loved the Odes and Documents, and trained in archery and riding. He was recommended as filial and incorrupt and as a flourishing talent, and was summoned by the grand commandant Chen Fan and the general-in-chief Dou Wu, but never took up either post. Emperor Ling later summoned him as a palace counselor and then made him grand administrator of Beidi.[^zhengshi] ## Suppressing the Yellow Turbans Zhang Jue, calling himself the Great Worthy Teacher, healed with charmed water and gathered hundreds of thousands of followers in thirty-six divisions. When they rose together in the first year of Zhongping the capital was shaken. Huangfu Song advised lifting the ban on partisans and giving the imperial privy funds and western-garden horses to the troops. The emperor agreed and made him General of the Left with credentials, who with Zhu Jun, General of the Right, led separate armies against the Yellow Turbans of Yingchuan. Zhu Jun was beaten first by Bo Cai, and Huangfu Song fell back to Changshe, where he was surrounded. Seeing that the rebels camped among grass, he waited for a night wind, had his men light torches on the walls and sent picked troops outside to set fires and shout. The rebels were thrown into confusion, and Cao Cao, then a cavalry commandant, arrived with troops at that moment. The three joined forces and won, and Huangfu Song was made Marquis of Duxiang. With Zhu Jun he then cleared Runan and Chen and captured Bu Ji at Cangting.[^zhengshi] He was then ordered to take over from Lu Zhi and Dong Zhuo, who had achieved nothing against Zhang Jue. At Guangzong he could not at first beat Zhang Liang's picked troops, so he closed his camp and rested the men, then attacked at cockcrow once the enemy relaxed and killed Zhang Liang. Zhang Jue had already died of illness, so he had the coffin opened and the body mutilated and sent the head to the capital. With Guo Dian, grand administrator of Julu, he also killed Zhang Bao at Xiaquyang. He was made General of Chariots and Cavalry of the Left, governor of Ji Province and Marquis of Huaili with eight thousand households.[^zhengshi] ## Relief and refusal He asked that Ji Province be excused a year's land tax to feed the hungry, and people sang that thanks to Huangfu they could live in peace again. He treated his soldiers gently and would not enter his own tent on the march until the camp was set up. The magistrate Yan Zhong urged him to seize power, but he refused, saying he would keep to the duty of a subject.[^zhengshi] ## Chencang and Dong Zhuo He had earlier asked to confiscate a house of the palace attendant Zhao Zhong that exceeded the permitted size and refused Zhang Rang's request for fifty million cash. The two accused him of fighting many battles without result, and his seals as General of the Left were taken and six thousand households cut. In the fifth year of Zhongping Wang Guo besieged Chencang, and he was restored as General of the Left, supervising Dong Zhuo with two armies of twenty thousand each. Dong Zhuo wanted to relieve the town quickly, but Huangfu Song judged the walls strong and waited. After eighty days the siege failed, and he attacked the retreating army and defeated it. Dong Zhuo came to hate him for it.[^zhengshi] Later, when Dong Zhuo was appointed governor of Bing Province and refused to hand over his troops, Huangfu Song's nephew Huangfu Li urged him to move against Dong Zhuo, but he preferred to report to the court. In the first year of Chuping Dong Zhuo summoned him as colonel of the city gates. His aide Liang Yan advised against going, yet he went and was jailed. His son Huangfu Jianshou pleaded with Dong Zhuo at a banquet, bowing and weeping, and Dong Zhuo released him; he became palace counselor and then censor.[^zhengshi] ## Later years After Dong Zhuo's death he became General Who Campaigns in the West and then General of Chariots and Cavalry, was made grand commandant that autumn and dismissed in winter over a meteor omen, and then served as grandee of splendid happiness and grand master of ceremonies. Soon after Li Jue's rising he died of illness and was granted the seals of General of Agile Cavalry. The history describes him as careful and diligent, with more than five hundred useful memorials, all written by hand and the drafts destroyed.[^zhengshi] ## Basic facts - Name: Huangfu Song[^zhengshi] - Courtesy name: Yizhen[^zhengshi] - Origin: Chaona in Anding; the birthplace linked on this entry is [[place_cn_640425|Pengyang County]][^wikidata] - Death year recorded on this entry: 195[^wikidata] - Realm: Han dynasty[^wikidata] - Portrayal: [[person_cn_q123579555|Huangfu Song]] (a character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms) /people/huangfu-song-q1120512.html en zh en 195 195 historical figure person_cn_q112243952 person liu-guangshi-shuihu-q112243952-q10899435 刘光世

Liu Guangshi is a character in Water Margin. Wikidata describes him as a Song-dynasty general in the novel and links him to the historical Liu Guangshi as his model; the novel's character is also known as Dudu Liu.[^wikidata]

published category-literature tag-fictional-character tag-classics wikidata https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q112243952 2026-10-25 2026-10-25 user:admin 5 Liu Guangshi is a character in the novel Water Margin. Wikidata gives his Chinese label as 刘光世 (traditional form 劉光世) and describes him as a Water Margin character and a Song-dynasty general, so the title stays as his personal name. Wikidata also records the form of address Dudu Liu.[^wikidata] ## Portrayal This entry records the figure in the novel, not the historical man himself. Wikidata states that the Liu Guangshi of Water Margin is modelled on the historical person [[person_cn_q10899435|Liu Guangshi]]. The entry does not cover the character's episodes and carries no birth or death dates.[^wikidata] ## Basic facts - Name: Liu Guangshi[^wikidata] - Role: Water Margin character, Song-dynasty general[^wikidata] - Form of address: Dudu Liu (Commander Liu)[^wikidata] - Model: [[person_cn_q10899435|Liu Guangshi]] - Appears in: [[work_cn_q70827|Water Margin]] /people/liu-guangshi-shuihu-q112243952-q10899435.html en zh en Character in Water Margin true literary character person_cn_q112410455 person wang-bing-shuihu-q112410455-q16906161 王禀

Wang Bing is a character in Water Margin. Wikidata describes him as a Song army general in the novel and links him to the historical Wang Bing as his model.[^wikidata]

published category-literature tag-fictional-character tag-classics wikidata https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q112410455 2026-10-25 2026-10-25 user:admin 5 Wang Bing is a character in the novel Water Margin. Wikidata gives his Chinese label as 王禀 (traditional form 王稟) and his English label as Wang Bing, and describes him as a Water Margin character and a Song army general, so the title stays as his personal name.[^wikidata] ## Portrayal This entry records the figure in the novel, not the historical man himself. Wikidata states that the Wang Bing of Water Margin is modelled on the historical person [[person_cn_q16906161|Wang Bing]]. The entry does not cover the character's episodes and carries no birth or death dates.[^wikidata] ## Basic facts - Name: Wang Bing[^wikidata] - Role: Water Margin character, Song army general[^wikidata] - Model: [[person_cn_q16906161|Wang Bing]] - Appears in: [[work_cn_q70827|Water Margin]] /people/wang-bing-shuihu-q112410455-q16906161.html en zh en Character in Water Margin true literary character person_cn_q11248659 person shi-zuan-q11248659 师纂

Shi Zuan (died 264) was a Cao Wei general who served as Sima Zhao's chief clerk and later joined Deng Ai's invasion of Shu. He helped defeat Zhuge Zhan at Mianzhu, was given Yi Province after Shu fell, and was killed in 264 together with Deng Ai.[^zhwiki][^wikidata]

published category-history tag-ancient-china wikidata https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11248659 zhwiki https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B8%AB%E7%BA%82 2026-10-25 2026-10-25 user:admin 3 Shi Zuan was a general of Cao Wei in the Three Kingdoms period. Wikidata lists his occupations as politician and military officer and gives his death as the fifth year of Jingyuan in Wei (264). Chinese Wikipedia uses the same name for its article, so the title stays as it is.[^wikidata][^zhwiki] ## Sent to Deng Ai Chinese Wikipedia says he began as chief clerk to Sima Zhao. When Deng Ai opposed the plan to attack Shu, Sima Zhao moved Shi Zuan to be Deng Ai's marshal in order to persuade him.[^zhwiki] ## The conquest of Shu In the sixth year of Jingyao (263) Deng Ai sent his son Deng Zhong and Shi Zuan to attack Zhuge Zhan's Shu army from the two flanks. The Wei troops at first did badly, and Deng Ai angrily said he would execute Deng Zhong and Shi Zuan, ordering them to fight again to make up for it. They then broke the Shu army and killed Zhuge Zhan together with the palace secretary Zhang Zun, Huang Chong and Li Qiu, commander of the right feathered forest. Wei took Mianzhu and pushed straight on to Chengdu. After Shu fell, Deng Ai had Shi Zuan take charge of Yi Province, while Niu Hong, grand administrator of Longxi, and others took charge of the other commanderies of Shu.[^zhwiki] ## Death with Deng Ai The same article says Zhong Hui, Hu Lie and Shi Zuan sent Sima Zhao a secret report that Deng Ai was arrogant about his merits and meant to rebel, and Sima Zhao had Zhong Hui put Deng Ai in a prisoner cart and send him back. In the fifth year of Jingyuan (264) Zhong Hui and Jiang Wei died in their revolt. Wei Guan, fearing trouble because he had joined Zhong Hui in accusing Deng Ai, sent Tian Xu and others after Deng Ai. They caught him west of Mianzhu and killed Deng Ai, Deng Zhong and Shi Zuan among others. It is said that Shi Zuan's body was badly mutilated when he died.[^zhwiki] ## Basic facts - Name: Shi Zuan[^wikidata] - Death recorded on this entry: fifth year of Jingyuan in Wei (264)[^wikidata] - Realm: Cao Wei[^wikidata] - Occupation recorded on this entry: politician and military officer[^wikidata] - Portrayal: [[person_cn_q124652835|Shi Zuan]] (a character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms) /people/shi-zuan-q11248659.html en zh en 264 264 historical figure en 4 50 1905 39 /en/people-3.xml?type=person /en/people-5.xml?type=person