postgres /en/people-5.html person_cn_q11250769 person xue-lan-q11250769 薛兰

Xue Lan (died 195) was a late Eastern Han figure who served as a Yan Province aide before joining Chen Gong and Zhang Miao in welcoming Lü Bu against Cao Cao. In 195 he was camped at Juye with Li Feng when Cao Cao's forces defeated and killed him.[^zhwiki][^wikidata]

published category-history tag-ancient-china wikidata https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11250769 zhwiki https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%96%9B%E8%98%AD 2026-10-25 2026-10-25 user:admin 3 Xue Lan was a figure of the late Eastern Han. Wikidata gives his Chinese label as 薛兰 (traditional form 薛蘭) and his English label as Xue Lan, and records his death in the second year of Xingping (195). Chinese Wikipedia uses the same name for its article, so the title stays unchanged.[^wikidata][^zhwiki] ## Background Chinese Wikipedia calls him a political figure and military man of the late Eastern Han who served as a Yan Province assistant. In the proscription of partisans, Zhu Bing denounced Zhang Jian and twenty-three others for forming a faction and listed the Eight Eminent, Eight Good, and Eight Leaders; Xue Lan is named among the Eight Eminent with Zhang Jian, Tan Bin, Chu Feng, Zhang Su, Feng Xi, Wei Xuan and Xu Qian. The article adds that this list differs from the lists of the Three Lords, Eight Eminent and others in the Book of the Later Han.[^zhwiki] ## Welcoming Lü Bu and his end In the first year of Xingping (194) he answered the plans of Chen Gong and Zhang Miao and joined them in secretly welcoming Lü Bu and rising against Cao Cao, becoming a general under Lü Bu. Li Dian's uncle Li Qian refused to follow Xue Lan and Li Feng in betraying Cao Cao for Lü Bu, and Xue Lan and his associates killed him. In the second year (195) Xue Lan and Li Feng were camped at Juye when Cao Cao attacked. Li Qian's son Li Zheng led troops to avenge his father and, with Cao Cao's generals, broke them, and Xue Lan was killed by Cao Cao's forces.[^zhwiki] ## Family Chinese Wikipedia names his father as Xue Yan, chancellor of Donghai, and his son as Xue Yong, courtesy name Maochang, who joined Liu Bei after his father's death, went with him into Shu and became grand administrator of Shu Commandery. His grandson Xue Qi, courtesy name Yifu, became grand administrator of Ba and Shu commanderies under Shu Han, surrendered to Wei after Shu fell, and his line was known as the Xue of Shu.[^zhwiki] ## Basic facts - Name: Xue Lan[^wikidata] - Death recorded on this entry: second year of Xingping, Eastern Han (195)[^wikidata] - Realm: Eastern Han[^wikidata] - Portrayal: [[person_cn_q123735356|Xue Lan]] (a character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms) /people/xue-lan-q11250769.html en zh en 195 195 historical figure person_cn_q11254972 person xin-ming-q11254972 辛明

Xin Ming is a fictional character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms and a subordinate general of Yuan Shao. In the Guandu campaign, after Cao Cao's raid on Wuchao and a rumor he spread, Yuan Shao sent Xin Ming with 50,000 men to relieve Liyang.[^wikidata][^zhwiki]

published category-literature tag-fictional-character tag-classics wikidata https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11254972 zhwiki https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BE%9B%E6%98%8E_(%E4%B8%89%E5%9B%BD%E6%BC%94%E4%B9%89) 2026-10-25 2026-10-25 user:admin 3 Xin Ming is a fictional character in the novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Wikidata describes him as a general under Yuan Shao, set in the Han dynasty and working as a military officer. The Chinese Wikipedia article is also titled Xin Ming, so the title stays as the character's name.[^wikidata][^zhwiki] ## Role in the Guandu campaign Chinese Wikipedia gives him a single passage. After Cao Cao's raid on Wuchao succeeded, he followed Xun You's plan and spread a rumor that one of his forces was attacking Ye and another Liyang to cut off Yuan Shao's retreat. Yuan Shao was alarmed and hurriedly sent Yuan Tan with 50,000 men to relieve Ye and Xin Ming with 50,000 men to relieve Liyang, and both set out that night. Cao Cao saw this and led his main army straight at Yuan Shao's main camp, winning a great victory, and the battle of Guandu ended in his favor.[^zhwiki] ## Basic facts - Name: Xin Ming[^wikidata] - Role: fictional character of Romance of the Three Kingdoms, general under Yuan Shao[^wikidata] - Setting: Han dynasty[^wikidata] - Appears in: [[work_cn_q70806|Romance of the Three Kingdoms]] /people/xin-ming-q11254972.html en zh en Character in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms true literary character person_cn_q11258798 person q11258798

Yang Ren (2nd century – 215) was a general under Zhang Lu in Hanzhong at the end of the Eastern Han. In 215, after Cao Cao's attack on Zhang Lu at Yangping Pass, he was killed by Cao Cao's forces.[^zhwiki][^wikidata]

published category-history tag-ancient-china wikidata https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11258798 zhwiki https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%A8%E4%BB%BB_(%E4%B8%89%E5%9B%BD) 2026-10-25 2026-10-25 user:admin 7 Yang Ren was a military man at the end of the Eastern Han who served Zhang Lu in Hanzhong. Wikidata records him as born in the 2nd century and dead in the twentieth year of Jian'an (215), with the occupation of military officer. The Chinese Wikipedia article is also titled Yang Ren, so the Chinese title stays as his personal name.[^wikidata][^zhwiki] ## The fight at Yangping Pass Chinese Wikipedia says that in the twentieth year of Jian'an Cao Cao attacked Zhang Lu and reached Yangping Pass in the seventh month of autumn. Zhang Lu secretly sent his brother Zhang Wei and Yang Ang to hold the pass. Cao Cao could not take it and feigned a retreat. Zhang Wei and the others took the withdrawal as a heavy blow to Cao Cao's army and relaxed their guard. Learning this, Cao Cao secretly sent his officers Xie Xiu and Gao Zuo to attack the pass at night, and they broke it. Zhang Lu fled to Bazhong, and Yang Ren was killed by Cao Cao's troops.[^zhwiki] ## In Romance of the Three Kingdoms The article adds that in the novel Yang Ren fights the Wei general Xiahou Yuan for more than thirty bouts without a result. Xiahou Yuan feigns defeat, Yang Ren chases him, and Xiahou Yuan kills him with a trailing-blade stroke. This is the novel's account and differs from the historical summary above.[^zhwiki] ## Basic facts - Name: Yang Ren[^wikidata] - Dates: 2nd century to the twentieth year of Jian'an in Eastern Han (215)[^wikidata][^zhwiki] - Realm: Eastern Han[^wikidata] - Occupation recorded on this entry: military officer[^wikidata] - Portrayal: [[person_cn_q124356184|Yang Ren]] (a character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms) /people/q11258798.html en zh en 215 215年 武将 三国 历史人物 person_cn_q11264083 person wei-zi-q11264083 卫兹

Wei Zi (died 190), courtesy name Zixu, was a Late Han man from Xiangyi in Chenliu who was recommended as filial and incorrupt. In 189 he helped Cao Cao raise troops with his own wealth, and he was killed in the fighting at Xingyang against Dong Zhuo.[^zhwiki][^wikidata]

published category-history tag-ancient-china wikidata https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11264083 zhwiki https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A1%9B%E8%8C%B2 2026-10-25 2026-10-25 user:admin 3 Wei Zi was a figure of the late Eastern Han. Chinese Wikipedia gives his courtesy name as Zixu, says he came from Xiangyi in Chenliu, and notes that he was recommended as filial and incorrupt. Wikidata gives the Chinese label 卫兹 (traditional form 衛茲) and the English label Wei Zi, and records his death in the first year of Chuping (190). The title therefore stays as his personal name.[^zhwiki][^wikidata] ## Backing Cao Cao In the sixth year of Zhongping (189) he used his family wealth to support Cao Cao's rising. He helped Cao Cao gather more than five thousand men, which gave him his first real fighting force and let him raise troops at Jiwu.[^zhwiki] ## Against Dong Zhuo He then followed Zhang Miao and Cao Cao in the campaign against Dong Zhuo and was killed in the fighting at Xingyang. Chinese Wikipedia also points out that Romance of the Three Kingdoms wrongly writes his name as Wei Hong.[^zhwiki] ## Family The same article names his son as Wei Zhen, an official of the late Han and Cao Wei who rose to minister over the masses; his grandsons as Wei Lie, Wei Jing and Wei Kai; and his great-grandson Wei Quan, who was a secretary of the masters of writing under Emperor Hui of Jin.[^zhwiki] ## Basic facts - Name: Wei Zi[^wikidata] - Courtesy name: Zixu[^zhwiki] - Origin: Xiangyi, Chenliu[^zhwiki] - Death recorded on this entry: first year of Chuping, Eastern Han (190)[^wikidata] - Realm: Eastern Han[^wikidata] - Portrayal: [[person_cn_q15951810|Wei Zi]] (a character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms) /people/wei-zi-q11264083.html en zh en 190 190 historical figure person_cn_q11264541 person liu-fu-q11264541 柳甫

Liu Fu (2nd century – 238), also written Liu Pu, was censor-in-chief to Gongsun Yuan, the self-proclaimed King of Yan in Liaodong. He was sent with Wang Jian to ask Sima Yi to lift the siege and was executed by him. Wikidata gives his death as 239, one year later than Chinese Wikipedia.[^zhwiki][^wikidata]

published category-history tag-ancient-china wikidata https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11264541 zhwiki https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9F%B3%E7%94%AB 2026-10-25 2026-10-25 user:admin 3 Liu Fu served Gongsun Yuan, the self-proclaimed King of Yan in Liaodong, as censor-in-chief in the Three Kingdoms period. The Chinese Wikipedia article is titled Liu Fu and says the name is also written Liu Pu. Wikidata uses the same Chinese label with the English label Liu Fu, so the title stays as his personal name.[^zhwiki][^wikidata] ## Sent to Sima Yi Chinese Wikipedia says that in the first year of Jingchu under Emperor Ming of Wei (237) Gongsun Yuan declared himself King of Yan and took the era name Shaohan. In the second year of Shaohan (238) Sima Yi led an army against him and defeated him. In the eighth month Gongsun Yuan sent his chancellor Wang Jian and his censor-in-chief Liu Fu to ask Sima Yi to lift the siege and withdraw, promising that ruler and ministers would bind themselves and surrender if he agreed.[^zhwiki] ## Execution Sima Yi had the envoys beheaded and sent Gongsun Yuan a proclamation saying that he was a senior duke of the Son of Heaven, that Wang Jian and Liu Fu had been discourteous in asking him to lift the siege and retire, and that the two old and muddled men had already been killed.[^zhwiki] ## Differing death years Chinese Wikipedia gives his life as the 2nd century to 238, while Wikidata records his death in 239. The two differ by a year, and nothing on this entry decides between them, so both are given.[^zhwiki][^wikidata] ## Basic facts - Name: Liu Fu, also written Liu Pu[^zhwiki] - Office: censor-in-chief to Gongsun Yuan[^zhwiki] - Dates: 2nd century to 238 (Chinese Wikipedia); death in 239 (Wikidata)[^zhwiki][^wikidata] - Occupation recorded on this entry: political figure[^wikidata] - Portrayal: [[person_cn_q124615203|Liu Fu]] (a character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms) /people/liu-fu-q11264541.html en zh en 239 239 historical figure person_cn_q11265916 person q11265916

Li Feng (died 195) was a general and chief clerk under Lü Bu at the end of the Eastern Han. In 195 he and Xue Lan were camped at Juye, and after they had Li Qian killed, Li Qian's son Li Zheng joined Cao Cao's generals and killed them both.[^zhwiki][^wikidata]

published category-history tag-ancient-china wikidata https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11265916 zhwiki https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E5%B0%81 2026-10-25 2026-10-25 user:admin 3 Li Feng was a general under Lü Bu at the end of the Eastern Han. Chinese Wikipedia titles its article Li Feng, and Wikidata uses the same Chinese label, so the title stays as his personal name. The article records his office as chief clerk (zhizhong) and his death in the second year of Xingping (195); Wikidata lists his occupations as politician and military officer.[^zhwiki][^wikidata] ## Defeat at Juye Chinese Wikipedia says that in the second year of Xingping (195), while Cao Cao and Lü Bu were fighting each other, Li Feng and Xue Lan were camped at Juye. They called on Cao Cao's officer Li Qian to defect, and Li Qian, unwilling to submit to Lü Bu, was killed. Li Qian's son Li Zheng led troops to avenge his father and, together with Cao Cao's generals, killed Li Feng and Xue Lan.[^zhwiki] ## Basic facts - Name: Li Feng[^wikidata] - Office: general under Lü Bu, chief clerk[^zhwiki] - Death recorded on this entry: second year of Xingping, Eastern Han (195)[^wikidata] - Realm: Eastern Han[^wikidata] - Occupation recorded on this entry: politician and military officer[^wikidata] - Portrayal: [[person_cn_q123735401|Li Feng]] (a character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms) /people/q11265916.html en zh en 195 195年 政治人物 武将 历史人物 person_cn_q11268555 person zixu-shangren-q11268555 紫虚上人

Zixu Shangren is a fictional Daoist in Romance of the Three Kingdoms who lives on Jinping Mountain in Yi Province and can foretell people's fates. When Liu Bei attacked Yi Province, Liu Gui and others consulted him on the way, and he wrote eight lines hinting at Pang Tong's death and Zhuge Liang's pacification of Yi.[^wikidata][^zhwiki]

published category-literature tag-fictional-character tag-classics wikidata https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11268555 zhwiki https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B4%AB%E8%99%9B%E4%B8%8A%E4%BA%BA 2026-10-25 2026-10-25 user:admin 3 Zixu Shangren is a fictional figure in the novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Wikidata describes him as a Daoist of Jinping Mountain, set in the Han dynasty. The Chinese Wikipedia article is titled Zixu Shangren and lists variants such as Zixu Shanren. Shangren is a respectful term for a religious practitioner, and the sources give no other personal name, so the title is kept as it was.[^wikidata][^zhwiki] ## In the novel Chinese Wikipedia says Zixu Shangren lives on Jinping Mountain in Yi Province and can predict whether a person will live or die and be high or low. When Liu Bei attacked Yi Province, Liu Zhang's officers Liu Gui, Zhang Ren, Leng Bao and Deng Xian led 50,000 men toward Luocheng and on the way went to the mountain to ask him about the future. He wrote eight lines for Liu Gui: a dragon on the left and a phoenix on the right fly into western Sichuan; the young phoenix falls to earth and the sleeping dragon rises to heaven; one gains and one loses, as Heaven decrees; act when the moment comes and do not lose your life. These lines hint at Pang Tong's death and Zhuge Liang's pacification of Yi Province. When Liu Gui asked about his own fate, he answered that fixed destiny cannot be escaped and there was no need to ask again. The article says none of the four came to a good end. The passage is from chapter 62 of the novel.[^zhwiki] ## Basic facts - Name used: Zixu Shangren, also written Zixu Shanren[^wikidata] - Role: fictional character of Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Daoist of Jinping Mountain[^wikidata] - Setting: Han dynasty[^wikidata] - Appears in: [[work_cn_q70806|Romance of the Three Kingdoms]] /people/zixu-shangren-q11268555.html en zh en Character in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms true literary character person_cn_q11269922 person cheng-ji-q11269922 程畿

Cheng Ji (died 222), courtesy name Jiran, was a man of Langzhong in Ba Commandery at the end of the Eastern Han. He once refused to lend troops to Pang Xi's suspicious scheme under Liu Zhang, later served Liu Bei, and died in 222 fighting pursuers after the defeat at Yiling.[^zhwiki][^wikidata]

published category-history tag-ancient-china wikidata https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11269922 zhwiki https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A8%8B%E7%95%BF 2026-10-25 2026-10-25 user:admin 3 Cheng Ji was a figure of the late Eastern Han and early Shu Han. Chinese Wikipedia gives his courtesy name as Jiran and says he came from Langzhong in Ba Commandery. Wikidata uses 程畿 and Cheng Ji as his labels and records his death in the second year of Zhangwu in Shu Han (222), so the title stays as his personal name.[^zhwiki][^wikidata] ## Under Liu Zhang When Liu Zhang held Yi Province, Cheng Ji was magistrate of Hanchang. Chinese Wikipedia says Zhang Lu ignored Liu Zhang's orders and later held Hanzhong; Liu Zhang sent Pang Xi against him without success and then made him grand administrator of Baxi to hold Zhang Lu off. The Hanchang area had the Cong people, whom Pang Xi enlisted, and someone used this to accuse him to Liu Zhang, who grew suspicious. After Zhao Wei rebelled and was killed, Pang Xi became afraid and wanted to protect himself, so he sent Cheng Ji's son Cheng Yu to ask his father for the Cong troops.[^zhwiki] Cheng Ji answered that raising private troops was not in itself rebellion and that loyalty and duty were enough even if others slandered one, but that he could not follow someone who turned disloyal out of fear of false charges. He scolded his son that, having received favor from the province, he owed loyalty to its governor, and that Cheng Yu, as a commandery clerk, should serve the grand administrator and not trade on his father. Pang Xi was furious and threatened his family; Cheng Ji cited the story of Yue Yang, who ate soup made of his own son for the sake of duty, and said he would do the same. Pang Xi came round, sent heavy gifts to Liu Zhang in apology, and was forgiven, and Cheng Ji was promoted to grand administrator of Jiangyang.[^zhwiki] ## Yiling After Liu Bei took Yi Province and became its governor, he appointed Cheng Ji as libationer attached to the staff. In the second year of Zhangwu (222) Cheng Ji went with Liu Bei on the eastern campaign against Sun Quan. When the Shu army was crushed and withdrew up the river, someone told him the pursuers had caught up and that he could escape if he abandoned the boat. He replied that he had never retreated in battle since joining the army, still less now that he was with the emperor in danger. He fought the pursuers with his halberd and was killed, outnumbered.[^zhwiki] ## In the novel In chapter 84 of Romance of the Three Kingdoms, when the Wu banners suddenly fall, Cheng Ji tells Liu Bei that it is Lu Xun testing them, but Liu Bei does not believe him. After the Shu army is routed he refuses to retreat with the others and, seeing no way out, kills himself with his sword. This differs from the historical account above.[^zhwiki] ## Basic facts - Name: Cheng Ji[^wikidata] - Courtesy name: Jiran[^wikidata][^zhwiki] - Origin: Langzhong in Ba Commandery; the birthplace linked on this entry is [[place_cn_511381|Langzhong]][^wikidata] - Death recorded on this entry: second year of Zhangwu, Shu Han (222)[^wikidata] - Realm: Shu Han[^wikidata] - Occupation recorded on this entry: political figure[^wikidata] - Portrayal: [[person_cn_q124397482|Cheng Ji]] (a character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms) /people/cheng-ji-q11269922.html en zh en 222 222 historical figure person_cn_q11271726 person zong-bao-q11271726 宗宝

Zong Bao is a fictional character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms and an officer under Kong Rong, grand administrator of Beihai. When the remnant Yellow Turban leader Guan Hai attacked Beihai, Zong Bao rode out to fight and was cut down within a few bouts.[^wikidata][^zhwiki]

published category-literature tag-fictional-character tag-classics wikidata https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11271726 zhwiki https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E5%AF%B6 2026-10-25 2026-10-25 user:admin 5 Zong Bao is a fictional character in the novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Wikidata gives his Chinese label as 宗宝 (traditional form 宗寶) and his English label as Zong Bao, and describes him as a subordinate of Kong Rong, set in the Han dynasty, with the occupation of military officer. The Chinese Wikipedia article uses the same name, so the title stays as it is.[^wikidata][^zhwiki] ## In the novel Chinese Wikipedia says that Guan Hai, a remnant Yellow Turban leader, led tens of thousands of men against Beihai. Kong Rong was alarmed and sent his own troops out of the city. Guan Hai rode out and said he wanted to borrow ten thousand measures of grain; Kong Rong replied that he was a minister of Han guarding Han land and had no grain for bandits. Guan Hai swung his blade straight at Kong Rong, and Zong Bao leveled his spear and rode out to meet him. After only a few bouts Guan Hai cut him from his horse with one stroke, and Kong Rong's troops broke and fled into the city of Beihai.[^zhwiki] ## Basic facts - Name: Zong Bao[^wikidata] - Role: fictional character of Romance of the Three Kingdoms, officer under Kong Rong[^wikidata] - Occupation recorded on this entry: military officer[^wikidata] - Setting: Han dynasty[^wikidata] - Appears in: [[work_cn_q70806|Romance of the Three Kingdoms]] /people/zong-bao-q11271726.html en zh en Character in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms true literary character person_cn_q11284765 person xiahou-cun-q11284765 夏侯存

Xiahou Cun is a fictional character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms and a subordinate of Cao Ren. Chinese Wikipedia's list of fictional Three Kingdoms characters places him in chapter 73, where he is killed by Guan Yu in the battle of Fancheng.[^wikidata][^zhwiki]

published category-literature tag-fictional-character tag-classics wikidata https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11284765 zhwiki https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%8F%E4%BE%AF%E5%AD%98 2026-10-25 2026-10-25 user:admin 3 Xiahou Cun is a fictional character in the novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Wikidata describes him as a subordinate of Cao Ren, set in the Han dynasty, with the occupation of military officer, and gives his labels as 夏侯存 and Xiahou Cun, so the title stays as the character's name.[^wikidata] ## Place in the novel On Chinese Wikipedia the article name redirects to the chapter 73 section of the list of fictional Three Kingdoms characters. The list gives him a single line: he is a general under Cao Ren who is killed by Guan Yu in the battle of Fancheng. The same chapter lists another of Cao Ren's officers, Di Yuan, who is said to be killed by Guan Ping. The list gives no home place, courtesy name or other career for him.[^zhwiki] ## Basic facts - Name: Xiahou Cun[^wikidata] - Role: fictional character of Romance of the Three Kingdoms, general under Cao Ren[^wikidata] - Occupation recorded on this entry: military officer[^wikidata] - Setting: Han dynasty[^wikidata] - Appears in: [[work_cn_q70806|Romance of the Three Kingdoms]] /people/xiahou-cun-q11284765.html en zh en Character in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms true literary character person_cn_q112898680 person sun-ce-game-q112898680-q380598 孙策

Sun Ce is a character in the game Koihime Musō. Wikidata classes her as a fictional female character based on the historical Sun Ce, with the English label Sonsaku Hakufu.[^wikidata]

published category-literature tag-fictional-character wikidata https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q112898680 2026-10-25 2026-10-25 user:admin 3 Sun Ce is a character in the game Koihime Musō. Wikidata has no Chinese label for this item. It gives the English label Sonsaku Hakufu and the alias Hakufu Sonsaku, which are the Japanese readings of the historical Sun Ce's name and courtesy name Bofu. The entry keeps the historical person's name as its title.[^wikidata] ## Portrayal Wikidata records the figure as a fictional human and game character, female, described as a fictional character from Koihime Musō. She is modelled on the historical person [[person_cn_q380598|Sun Ce]]. This entry has Wikidata as its only source, so it does not cover the game's plot or setting details and carries no birth or death dates.[^wikidata] ## Basic facts - Name: Sun Ce, English label Sonsaku Hakufu[^wikidata] - Role: character in Koihime Musō, fictional female character[^wikidata] - Model: [[person_cn_q380598|Sun Ce]] - Appears in: Koihime Musō /people/sun-ce-game-q112898680-q380598.html en zh en Character in 恋姬†无双 true game character person_cn_q112898682 person cao-cao-game-q112898682-q204077 曹操

Cao Cao is a character in the game Koihime Musō. Wikidata classes her as a fictional female character based on the historical Cao Cao, with the English label Sōsō Mōtoku.[^wikidata]

published category-literature tag-fictional-character wikidata https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q112898682 2026-10-25 2026-10-25 user:admin 3 Cao Cao is a character in the game Koihime Musō. Wikidata has no Chinese label for this item. It gives the English label Sōsō Mōtoku and the alias Sousou Moutoku, which are the Japanese readings of the historical Cao Cao's name and courtesy name Mengde. The entry keeps the historical person's name as its title.[^wikidata] ## Portrayal Wikidata records the figure as a fictional human and game character, female, described as a fictional character from Koihime Musō. She is modelled on the historical person [[person_cn_q204077|Cao Cao]]. This entry has Wikidata as its only source, so it does not cover the game's plot or setting details and carries no birth or death dates.[^wikidata] ## Basic facts - Name: Cao Cao, English label Sōsō Mōtoku[^wikidata] - Role: character in Koihime Musō, fictional female character[^wikidata] - Model: [[person_cn_q204077|Cao Cao]] - Appears in: Koihime Musō /people/cao-cao-game-q112898682-q204077.html en zh en Character in 恋姬†无双 true game character person_cn_q1130807 person han-fu-q1130807 韩福

Han Fu is a fictional character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms, set as the grand administrator of Luoyang under Cao Cao; the Records of the Three Kingdoms contain no such person. In the passage of Guan Yu's five passes he wounds Guan Yu's left arm with a hidden arrow and is then killed by him.[^wikidata][^zhwiki]

published category-literature tag-fictional-character tag-classics wikidata https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130807 zhwiki https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9F%A9%E7%A6%8F_(%E4%B8%89%E5%9B%BD%E6%BC%94%E4%B9%89) 2026-10-25 2026-10-25 user:admin 3 Han Fu is a fictional character in the novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Wikidata gives his Chinese label as 韩福 (traditional form 韓福) and his English label as Han Fu, and describes him as grand administrator of Luoyang, set in the Han dynasty, with the occupation of military officer. Chinese Wikipedia states plainly that the Records of the Three Kingdoms contain no such person. The title stays as the character's name.[^wikidata][^zhwiki] ## In the novel According to the Chinese Wikipedia summary, in chapter 27 of the novel Han Fu is an official under Cao Cao and grand administrator of Luoyang. Guan Yu is escorting the two wives of Liu Bei to join him, and Luoyang is the second pass he reaches. To stop him, Han Fu plans with his subordinate officer Meng Tan that Meng Tan will fight Guan Yu and then feign defeat to draw him on, while Han Fu shoots a hidden arrow that hits Guan Yu's left arm. Ignoring the pain, Guan Yu charges forward and kills him. The article counts him as the third general Guan Yu kills while passing the five passes and slaying six generals.[^zhwiki] ## Other works The same article notes that the 2010 film Guan Yunchang also has a Han Fu, played by Nie Yuan, a gang boss in Luoyang who is as close as a brother to Guan Yu and who dies by his blade, in a story different from the novel.[^zhwiki] ## Basic facts - Name: Han Fu[^wikidata] - Role: fictional character of Romance of the Three Kingdoms, grand administrator of Luoyang[^wikidata] - Occupation recorded on this entry: military officer[^wikidata] - Setting: Han dynasty[^wikidata] - Appears in: [[work_cn_q70806|Romance of the Three Kingdoms]] /people/han-fu-q1130807.html en zh en Character in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms true literary character person_cn_q1131960 person niu-jin-q1131960 牛金

Niu Jin was a general of the late Eastern Han and Cao Wei, with unknown birth and death dates. He held Jiangling under Cao Ren against Zhou Yu, later served Sima Yi, drove back the Shu general Ma Dai and joined the Liaodong campaign; a rumor says Sima Yi poisoned him because of a prophecy that an ox would follow a horse.[^zhwiki][^wikidata]

published category-history tag-ancient-china wikidata https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1131960 zhwiki https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%89%9B%E9%87%91 2026-10-25 2026-10-25 user:admin 3 Niu Jin was a general from the late Eastern Han into the Cao Wei period. The Chinese Wikipedia article and the Wikidata Chinese label are both Niu Jin, with the English label Niu Jin, so the title stays as his personal name. Neither source gives birth or death dates; Chinese Wikipedia writes his dates as unknown.[^zhwiki][^wikidata] ## Defence of Jiangling Chinese Wikipedia says that after Cao Cao pacified Jing Province, Niu Jin was stationed at Jiangling under Cao Ren to hold off Zhou Yu of Wu. When Zhou Yu came with tens of thousands of men, Cao Ren sent Niu Jin to meet him, but Niu Jin was surrounded and was rescued only when Cao Ren led a force in person. The article cites the Records of the Three Kingdoms, Wei book, biography of Cao Ren.[^zhwiki] ## Under Sima Yi He later became a subordinate general of Sima Yi. In the third year of Qinglong (235) he drove back the Shu general Ma Dai, and in the second year of Jingchu (238) he was General in the Rear and joined the expedition against Gongsun Yuan.[^zhwiki] ## The rumored death Chinese Wikipedia says that, according to rumor, because of a prophecy that an ox would follow a horse, Sima Yi arranged to poison Niu Jin with wine. This is only a rumor, and the article gives no exact date of death. It also quotes the later writers Luo Dajing and Cai Dongfan on the story, Luo Dajing taking Emperor Yuan of Jin to be Niu Jin's son so that the Sima house was destroyed by the Niu line; such remarks are likewise legend rather than record.[^zhwiki] ## Basic facts - Name: Niu Jin[^wikidata] - Dates: unknown[^zhwiki] - Realm: Cao Wei[^wikidata] - Occupation recorded on this entry: soldier[^wikidata] - Portrayal: [[person_cn_q124306680|Niu Jin]] (a character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms) /people/niu-jin-q1131960.html en zh en historical figure person_cn_q1132086 person huan-fan-q1132086 桓范

Huan Fan (died 249), courtesy name Yuanze, was a man of Pei who became a Cao Wei official known as the 'bag of wisdom' and rose to minister of agriculture. In the coup at the Gaoping Tomb he left Luoyang to join Cao Shuang and urged him to take the emperor to Xuchang, was ignored, and was later executed with his clan.[^zhwiki][^wikidata]

published category-history tag-ancient-china wikidata https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132086 zhwiki https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A1%93%E7%AF%84 2026-10-25 2026-10-25 user:admin 3 Huan Fan was an official of Cao Wei. Chinese Wikipedia gives his courtesy name as Yuanze, says he was from the state of Pei, calls him the 'bag of wisdom', and says he rose to minister of agriculture. Wikidata gives the labels 桓范 (traditional form 桓範) and Huan Fan and records his death in the tenth year of Zhengshi (249), so the title stays as his personal name.[^zhwiki][^wikidata] ## Career At the end of Jian'an he held a post in the chancellor's office, and in the Yankang era he was left supervisor of the feathered forest. After Cao Pi took the throne he compiled the Huanglan with Wang Xiang, Liu Shao and others. Under Emperor Ming he was commander of the central army and palace secretary, then General Who Conquers the Caitiffs and Eastern Palace Colonel, with credentials over military affairs in Qing and Xu. There he quarrelled over a house with Zheng Qi, inspector of Xu Province, and tried to use his credentials to have Zheng Qi executed; Zheng Qi reported him and he lost his post. He later served as inspector of Yan Province without satisfaction, and when he was to become governor of Ji Province he pleaded illness because General Lü Zhao, who had entered office later, now ranked above him. Chinese Wikipedia adds that he vented his anger on his pregnant wife Zhongchang, striking her belly with the ring of his sabre, and that she miscarried and died soon after.[^zhwiki] In the Zhengshi era he was minister of agriculture, known for being honest and frugal. The regent Cao Shuang treated him with special courtesy because they came from the same place, though they were not close. Cao Shuang indulged in pleasure and went out with his brothers; Huan Fan tried to restrain him, but Cao Shuang never listened.[^zhwiki] ## The Gaoping Tomb coup In 249 Sima Yi staged a coup while Cao Shuang and his brothers were with Cao Fang at the Gaoping Tomb. He closed the gates of Luoyang and, with an edict from the empress dowager, had Huan Fan take charge of the central army and Cao Xi's troops. Huan Fan was about to obey, but his son urged him to join Cao Shuang, and he changed his mind. At the Pingchang Gate he falsely told Sima Fan, a gate captain he had recommended, that an edict summoned him, and so left the city, saying that the grand tutor was a traitor. When he met Cao Shuang and his brothers he urged them to take the emperor to Xuchang and call on the rest of the army in the emperor's name against Sima Yi, vouching with his seal as minister of agriculture that grain would not run short. The brothers could not decide, and after a night Cao Shuang chose to give up office and surrender, believing he could keep a marquis's comfortable life. Huan Fan wept and called the brothers mere calves, saying he would be wiped out with his clan because of them.[^zhwiki] Back in Luoyang, Sima Fan reported that Huan Fan had called Sima Yi a traitor, and Huan Fan was dealt with under the rule that a false accuser bears the penalty. He was sent to the commandant of justice, counted with Cao Shuang's faction, and executed with the extinction of his three clans. He also condensed passages from the Book of Han and added his own revisions and comments in a work called Shiyao lun.[^zhwiki] ## Basic facts - Name: Huan Fan[^wikidata] - Courtesy name: Yuanze[^zhwiki] - Origin: state of Pei; the birthplace linked on this entry is [[place_cn_340621|Suixi County]][^wikidata] - Death recorded on this entry: tenth year of Zhengshi in Wei (249)[^wikidata] - Realm: Cao Wei[^wikidata] - Occupation recorded on this entry: political figure[^wikidata] - Portrayal: [[person_cn_q124617153|Huan Fan]] (a character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms) /people/huan-fan-q1132086.html en zh en 249 249 historical figure person_cn_q1132512 person wang-zhi-q1132512 王植

Wang Zhi is a fictional character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms, set as the grand administrator of Xingyang under Cao Cao and in-law of Han Fu; the Records of the Three Kingdoms contain no such person. His plan to burn Guan Yu in his lodging at night is exposed by Hu Ban, and he is killed by Guan Yu in pursuit; Wikidata gives his death as 200.[^wikidata][^zhwiki]

published category-literature tag-fictional-character tag-classics wikidata https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132512 zhwiki https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E6%A4%8D_(%E4%B8%89%E5%9C%8B%E6%BC%94%E7%BE%A9) 2026-10-25 2026-10-25 user:admin 3 Wang Zhi is a fictional character in the novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Wikidata gives his Chinese label as 王植 and his English label as Wang Zhi, describes him as grand administrator of Xingyang, set in the Han dynasty, and records his death as 200. Chinese Wikipedia states plainly that the Records of the Three Kingdoms contain no such person. The title stays as the character's name.[^wikidata][^zhwiki] ## In the novel According to the Chinese Wikipedia summary, in chapter 27 of the novel Wang Zhi serves Cao Cao as grand administrator of Xingyang and is the in-law of Han Fu, grand administrator of Luoyang. Guan Yu is escorting the two wives of Liu Bei to join him, and Xingyang is the fourth pass. Hearing that Guan Yu has killed Han Fu, Wang Zhi wants to harm him, welcomes him into an inn and plans to burn the party to death at midnight. His subordinate Hu Ban secretly warns Guan Yu, who hurries the two ladies out of the city. Wang Zhi leads troops in pursuit and is killed by Guan Yu when they meet. The article counts him as the fifth general Guan Yu kills while passing the five passes and slaying six generals.[^zhwiki] ## Other works The same article notes that in the 2010 film Guan Yunchang Wang Zhi is played by Wang Xuebing as a good official who had killed a corrupt predecessor. He tries to stop Guan Yu, but after a fight Guan Yu spares him because he wants to find Qilan, and Wang Zhi kills himself after telling Guan Yu where she is. This differs from the novel.[^zhwiki] ## Basic facts - Name: Wang Zhi[^wikidata] - Role: fictional character of Romance of the Three Kingdoms, grand administrator of Xingyang[^wikidata] - Death year recorded on this entry: 200[^wikidata] - Occupation recorded on this entry: military officer[^wikidata] - Setting: Han dynasty[^wikidata] - Appears in: [[work_cn_q70806|Romance of the Three Kingdoms]] /people/wang-zhi-q1132512.html en zh en 200 200 Character in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms true literary character person_cn_q1132562 person wen-qin-q1132562 文钦

Wen Qin (died 258), courtesy name Zhongruo, was a man of Qiao in the state of Pei and a Cao Wei general and inspector of Yang Province. He rose with Guanqiu Jian at Shouchun against Sima Shi, fled to Wu after defeat, and was killed inside Shouchun by Zhuge Dan during Zhuge Dan's revolt. Wikidata gives 257 for his death, a year earlier than the account in the Records of the Three Kingdoms.[^zhengshi][^zhwiki][^wikidata]

published category-history tag-ancient-china wikidata https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132562 zhwiki https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%87%E6%AC%BD zhengshi https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%9C%8B%E5%BF%97/%E5%8D%B728 2026-10-25 2026-10-25 user:admin 3 Wen Qin was a general of Cao Wei. The Records of the Three Kingdoms, juan 28, calls him inspector of Yang Province and General of the Van, a fellow townsman of Cao Shuang. Chinese Wikipedia gives his courtesy name as Zhongruo and his origin as Qiao county in the state of Pei, Yu Province. Wikidata gives the labels 文钦 (traditional form 文欽) and Wen Qin, so the title stays as his personal name.[^zhengshi][^zhwiki][^wikidata] ## Early career Chinese Wikipedia says that in the twenty-fourth year of Jian'an (219) he was implicated in Wei Feng's plot and jailed and would have been executed, but Cao Cao pardoned him because he was the son of the officer Wen Ji. Under Emperor Ming he was colonel of the Five Camps, then a gate general, grand administrator of Lujiang, General Who Soars like a Hawk and then General Who Crowns the Army. Under the Prince of Qi he was General of the Van and replaced Zhuge Dan as inspector of Yang Province. The Records describe him as bold, rough and often victorious, but fond of inflating the numbers of captives to win rewards, which were mostly refused, so his resentment grew.[^zhwiki][^zhengshi] ## The rising at Shouchun The Records say Guanqiu Jian was a close friend of Xiahou Xuan and Li Feng, and treated Wen Qin generously until the two were on warm terms. When a comet tens of zhang long crossed the northwest sky, both took it as an omen for themselves, forged an edict of the empress dowager listing the crimes of the general-in-chief Sima Shi, sent it to the commanderies and states, and rose in arms. They forced the officers, officials and people of Huainan into Shouchun; Guanqiu Jian held Xiang while Wen Qin ranged outside as a roving force. Sima Shi led the armies against them and sent Zhuge Dan, Hu Zun, Wang Ji and others to hem them in. The families of the Huainan soldiers were in the north, morale broke and deserters came one after another. Sima Shi sent Deng Ai to Yuejia to feign weakness and lure the rebels out. Wen Qin attacked by night, saw at dawn that the Wei army was strong, and withdrew, then was routed by cavalry in pursuit and fled. Hearing of his defeat, Guanqiu Jian ran away in the night, his troops scattered, and he was shot dead by Zhang Shu.[^zhengshi] ## Wu and death Wen Qin fled to Wu, which made him protector-general, acting commander of the north, governor of You Province and Marquis of Qiao. The biography of Zhuge Dan adds that after Zhuge Dan rose in revolt and sought help from Wu, the generals Quan Yi, Quan Duan, Tang Zi and Wang Zuo came with thirty thousand men secretly with Wen Qin, and Wen Qin and Tang Zi broke into Shouchun from the northeast. The siege dragged on and grain ran short. In the first month of the third year Zhuge Dan, Wen Qin and Tang Zi attacked the southern line for several days and failed to break out. Wen Qin wanted to send the northerners out of the city to save food and hold on with the men of Wu; Zhuge Dan refused, and they grew more hostile. When Wen Qin came to discuss plans, Zhuge Dan killed him. His sons Wen Yang and Wen Hu, hearing of it in the small fortress, led their men to the spot, but their soldiers would not follow, and the two escaped over the wall and surrendered to Sima Zhao. Officers asked to execute them, but he said Wen Qin's crime could not be forgiven yet the sons had come in desperation, and spared them, made them generals and gave each the title of marquis within the passes.[^zhengshi][^zhwiki] ## Year of death In the account of the Records, Zhuge Dan rebelled in the fifth month of the second year of Ganlu and Wen Qin was killed in the first month of the third year, that is, 258, and Chinese Wikipedia also writes 258. Wikidata records 257. The two differ by a year, so the entry gives the date from the history and notes the difference.[^zhengshi][^zhwiki][^wikidata] ## Basic facts - Name: Wen Qin[^zhengshi] - Courtesy name: Zhongruo[^zhwiki] - Origin: Qiao county in the state of Pei, Yu Province; the birthplace linked on this entry is [[place_cn_341600|Bozhou]][^wikidata] - Death: 258, the third year of Ganlu in the history; Wikidata records 257[^zhengshi][^wikidata] - Realm: Cao Wei, later Wu[^zhengshi] - Portrayal: [[person_cn_q124636301|Wen Qin]] (a character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms) /people/wen-qin-q1132562.html en zh en 257 257 historical figure person_cn_q1132576 person kong-xiu-q1132576 孔秀

Kong Xiu is a fictional figure of Three Kingdoms storytelling; the Records of the Three Kingdoms contain no such person. In Romance of the Three Kingdoms he is Cao Cao's commander at Dongling Pass, who blocks Guan Yu for lack of a travel permit and is killed, the first of the six generals Guan Yu slays on his way through the five passes.[^zhwiki][^wikidata]

published category-literature tag-fictional-character tag-classics wikidata https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132576 zhwiki https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AD%94%E7%A7%80 2026-10-25 2026-10-25 user:admin 3 Kong Xiu is a fictional character of Three Kingdoms storytelling. Wikidata gives his Chinese label as 孔秀 and his English label as Kong Xiu, describes him as a commander at Dongling Pass, set in the Han dynasty, with the occupation of military officer. Chinese Wikipedia states plainly that the Records of the Three Kingdoms contain no such person. The title stays as the character's name.[^wikidata][^zhwiki] ## Mention in the Pinghua Chinese Wikipedia notes that the Sanguozhi pinghua has Cao Cao arrive at Xiakou with 1,300,000 men and write to Sun Quan urging him to submit, and in the letter he says that he had once defeated Kong Xiu at Luoyang and taken him alive.[^zhwiki] ## In the novel According to chapter 27 of Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Kong Xiu serves Cao Cao and guards Dongling Pass. Guan Yu is escorting the two wives of Liu Bei to join him, and Dongling Pass is the first pass. Because Guan Yu has no permit from Cao Cao, Kong Xiu blocks him and is killed by Guan Yu. The article counts him as the first general Guan Yu kills while passing the five passes and slaying six generals.[^zhwiki] ## Basic facts - Name: Kong Xiu[^wikidata] - Role: fictional character, commander at Dongling Pass[^wikidata] - Occupation recorded on this entry: military officer[^wikidata] - Setting: Han dynasty[^wikidata] - Appears in: [[work_cn_q70806|Romance of the Three Kingdoms]] /people/kong-xiu-q1132576.html en zh en Character in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms true literary character person_cn_q1132989 person yu-she-q1132989 俞涉

Yu She is a fictional character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms and a fierce general under Yuan Shu. When Hua Xiong challenged the coalition against Dong Zhuo, Yu She volunteered to fight and was cut down by Hua Xiong in fewer than three bouts.[^wikidata][^zhwiki]

published category-literature tag-fictional-character tag-classics wikidata https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132989 zhwiki https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BF%9E%E6%B6%89 2026-10-25 2026-10-25 user:admin 7 Yu She is a fictional character in the novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Wikidata gives his Chinese label as 俞涉 and his English label as Yu She, and describes him as a general under Yuan Shu, set in the Han dynasty, with the occupation of military officer. The Chinese Wikipedia article is also titled Yu She, so the title stays as the character's name.[^wikidata][^zhwiki] ## In the novel Chinese Wikipedia explains that in the novel Yu She is an officer of Yuan Shu. When the lords rose against Dong Zhuo, Dong Zhuo's general Hua Xiong came down from the pass with iron cavalry, carrying Sun Jian's red headcloth on a long pole and cursing the camp to provoke a fight. Yuan Shao asked who dared to answer him, and the fierce general Yu She stepped out from behind Yuan Shu and offered to go. Yuan Shao was glad and sent him out. Soon a scout reported that Yu She had fought Hua Xiong for fewer than three bouts and been killed, to everyone's shock. The passage quoted in the article comes from this episode.[^zhwiki] ## Basic facts - Name: Yu She[^wikidata] - Role: fictional character of Romance of the Three Kingdoms, general under Yuan Shu[^wikidata] - Occupation recorded on this entry: military officer[^wikidata] - Setting: Han dynasty[^wikidata] - Appears in: [[work_cn_q70806|Romance of the Three Kingdoms]] /people/yu-she-q1132989.html en zh en Character in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms true literary character person_cn_q1132999 person xu-shao-q1132999 许劭

Xu Shao (150–195), courtesy name Zijiang, was a man of Pingyu in Runan and a late Han critic famous for appraising people, who held the 'monthly review' with his cousin Xu Jing. He fled the northern turmoil to the south, followed Liu Yao to Yuzhang and died there at forty-six.[^zhengshi][^zhwiki][^wikidata]

published category-history tag-ancient-china wikidata https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132999 zhwiki https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A8%B1%E5%8A%AD zhengshi https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E5%BE%8C%E6%BC%A2%E6%9B%B8/%E5%8D%B768 2026-10-25 2026-10-25 user:admin 3 Xu Shao was a critic of people in the late Eastern Han. The Book of the Later Han, juan 68, gives his courtesy name as Zijiang and calls him a man of Pingyu in Runan. Wikidata gives the Chinese label 许劭 (traditional form 許劭) with the alias Xu Zijiang, and records his life as 150 to 195. The title stays as his personal name.[^zhengshi][^wikidata] ## Appraising people The history says that from youth he valued integrity and loved judging character, and that those he praised, such as Fan Zizhao and He Yangshi, became well known, so that when the world spoke of raising men to office it named Xu and Guo. He first served as a commandery officer and the grand administrator Xu Qiu respected him, so that everyone in the office mended their conduct when they heard he had taken a post. When Yuan Shao, of the same commandery, came home after leaving his post as magistrate of Puyang with a splendid retinue, he dismissed his guests at the border, saying his carriage and dress must not be seen by Xu Zijiang, and went home in a single cart. With his cousin Xu Jing he reviewed the people of the district and changed the rankings each month, which gave Runan the phrase 'monthly review'.[^zhengshi] The history adds that in Yingchuan he alone did not call on Chen Shi, and that he alone did not attend when Chen Fan came home to bury his wife. Asked why, he said that Taiqiu's way was broad, and what is broad is hard to cover fully, while Zhongju's nature was stern, and what is stern is seldom open. His distant kinsmen Xu Jing, Xu Xun and Xu Xiang held the three highest offices, and Xu Xiang gained his rank by flattering eunuchs and repeatedly invited him; he despised his conduct and never went. He and his cousin Xu Jing were on poor terms, and contemporaries thought less of him for it.[^zhengshi] ## The judgment on Cao Cao The history records that when Cao Cao was still obscure, he repeatedly asked Xu Shao with humble words and generous gifts to assess him. Xu Shao scorned him and refused, until Cao Cao threatened him, and Xu Shao said 'You are a traitor in times of peace and a hero in times of chaos'; Cao Cao left delighted. Chinese Wikipedia adds that there is a second wording of the verdict, in a quotation of Sun Sheng in Pei Songzhi's commentary on the Records of the Three Kingdoms, 'a capable minister in an ordered age and a treacherous hero in a chaotic one', and that the novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms adapts the scene so that Xu Shao first stays silent and then answers when asked again.[^zhengshi][^zhwiki] ## Flight and death The grand commandant Yang Biao summoned him and recommended him as upright and plain, but he declined. Urged to serve, he said petty men were on the rise and the royal house was about to fall, and he wanted to take refuge by the Huai and the sea to protect the old and young of his household. He went south to Guangling, where Tao Qian, inspector of Xu Province, treated him very well, but he felt that Tao Qian cared for reputation and was not truly upright, and moved on to join Liu Yao, inspector of Yang Province, at Qu'e. Later Tao Qian did arrest the scholars lodging in his province. After Sun Ce settled the lands of Wu, Xu Shao went south with Liu Yao to Yuzhang and died there at forty-six. Chinese Wikipedia dates his death to the second year of Xingping (195).[^zhengshi][^zhwiki] ## Family The history says his elder brother Xu Qian was also known, and people of Runan spoke of the 'two dragons of the Pingyu pool'. Chinese Wikipedia further names his cousin Xu Jing and his son Xu Hun, a discerning man who became a secretary of the masters of writing under Emperor Ming of Wei.[^zhengshi][^zhwiki] ## Basic facts - Name: Xu Shao[^zhengshi] - Courtesy name: Zijiang[^zhengshi] - Origin: Pingyu in Runan; the birthplace linked on this entry is [[place_cn_411723|Pingyu County]][^wikidata] - Dates: 150–195[^wikidata] - Realm: Eastern Han[^wikidata] - Portrayal: [[person_cn_q123582769|Xu Shao]] (a character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms) /people/xu-shao-q1132999.html en zh en 150 150 195 195 historical figure person_cn_q1133043 person chen-ying-q1133043 陈应

Chen Ying is a fictional character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms, a military commander under Zhao Fan of Guiyang, who was a hunter from the Lingshan area and fought with a steel fork. He urged resistance to Zhao Yun, was captured, and later was killed with Bao Long after their feigned surrender and assassination plan were seen through.[^wikidata][^zhwiki]

published category-literature tag-fictional-character tag-classics wikidata https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1133043 zhwiki https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%99%B3%E6%87%89 2026-10-25 2026-10-25 user:admin 3 Chen Ying is a fictional character in the novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Wikidata gives his Chinese label as 陈应 (traditional form 陳應) and his English label as Chen Ying, and describes him as a subordinate of Zhao Fan, set in the Han dynasty, with the occupation of military officer. On Chinese Wikipedia his article name redirects to the chapter 52 section of the list of fictional Three Kingdoms characters, and the title stays as the character's name.[^wikidata][^zhwiki] ## In the novel The list describes him as a colonel in command of troops under Zhao Fan; he and Bao Long were originally hunters from the Lingshan area of Guiyang and fought with steel forks. When Zhao Yun attacked Guiyang, Zhao Fan wanted to surrender, but Chen Ying urged him to resist and led three thousand men to challenge Zhao Yun, only to be captured in the first exchange. After Zhao Fan surrendered he offered his widowed sister-in-law, Lady Fan, to Zhao Yun as a wife; Zhao Yun was furious and beat him. Zhao Fan bore a grudge and conspired with Chen Ying and Bao Long, who pretended to surrender to Zhao Yun and claimed that Zhao Fan was setting a beauty trap, while really meaning to assassinate him. Zhao Yun saw through the plan, got the two drunk and killed them, and then captured Zhao Fan.[^zhwiki] ## Basic facts - Name: Chen Ying[^wikidata] - Role: fictional character of Romance of the Three Kingdoms, officer under Zhao Fan, colonel of troops[^wikidata][^zhwiki] - Occupation recorded on this entry: military officer[^wikidata] - Setting: Han dynasty[^wikidata] - Appears in: [[work_cn_q70806|Romance of the Three Kingdoms]] /people/chen-ying-q1133043.html en zh en Character in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms true literary character person_cn_q1133049 person zhu-ling-q1133049 朱灵

Zhu Ling, courtesy name Wenbo, was a man of Shu county in Qinghe and a Cao Wei general who began under Yuan Shao, stayed with Cao Cao after helping him against Tao Qian, and rose to General in the Rear. The Records of the Three Kingdoms rank him just below Xu Huang. Wikidata gives his life as 170 to 223, while Chinese Wikipedia has him alive in 228 or later.[^zhengshi][^zhwiki][^wikidata]

published category-history tag-ancient-china wikidata https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1133049 zhwiki https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%B1%E9%9D%88_(%E4%B8%89%E5%9C%8B) zhengshi https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%9C%8B%E5%BF%97/%E5%8D%B717 2026-10-25 2026-10-25 user:admin 4 Zhu Ling was a general of Cao Wei. The Records of the Three Kingdoms, juan 17, attaches his biography to that of Xu Huang. Chinese Wikipedia gives his courtesy name as Wenbo and his origin as Shu county in the state of Qinghe, and Wikidata gives the labels 朱灵 (traditional form 朱靈) and Zhu Ling with the alias Wenbo. The title stays as his personal name.[^zhengshi][^zhwiki][^wikidata] ## From Yuan Shao to Cao Cao The Records say Zhu Ling began as a commander under Yuan Shao. When Cao Cao attacked Tao Qian, Yuan Shao sent him to lead three camps in support, and he won merit. The other generals Yuan Shao had sent all went home, but he said he had seen many men and none like Cao Cao, a true lord, and having met him he would not go elsewhere. He stayed, and the soldiers under him, who admired him, stayed too. Chinese Wikipedia dates this to the fourth year of Chuping (193) and adds that two years earlier Yuan Shao had sent him against Ji Yong, who held his home county of Shu. The defenders put his mother and brother on the wall to lure him to surrender; he wept and said that a man who has gone out to serve cannot think of his family, fought hard, took the town and captured Ji Yong, and his family were all killed.[^zhengshi][^zhwiki] ## Under Cao Cao Chinese Wikipedia records that in the fourth year of Jian'an (199) Cao Cao sent Zhu Ling and Lu Zhao with Liu Bei to Xu Province to stop Yuan Shu; Yuan Shu died of illness and Liu Bei killed Che Zhou and took Xiapi. Later Cao Cao wanted to remove Zhu Ling's command and sent Yu Jin with a few dozen horsemen and an order to his camp; neither he nor his men dared move, and he became a subordinate of Yu Jin. He then took part in the pacification of Ji Province in 205 and the killing of the rebel Cheng Ang at Yangzhai, in the Red Cliffs campaign of 208 as one of seven armies under the supervisor Zhao Yan, in the Tong Pass campaign of 211 as Xu Huang's deputy, with Xiahou Yuan at Chang'an the year after, and in Cao Cao's campaign against Zhang Lu in 215 as Zhang He's deputy.[^zhwiki] ## Under Wei The Records say he later became a fine general whose fame was second to Xu Huang and others, rising to General in the Rear and receiving a fief; the edict of Cao Pi after his accession says he had helped the late ruler for many years in command of troops, with authority beyond Fangshu and Shao Hu and merit above Zhou Bo and Guan Ying. Chinese Wikipedia adds that Cao Pi first meant to enfeoff him in his home county, but at his own request he was made Marquis of Gaotang. In the second year of Taihe (228) he took part in the battle of Shiting, the last time the histories mention him. He died soon after, was posthumously named Wei, and his son Zhu Shu inherited the fief.[^zhengshi][^zhwiki] ## Differing dates Wikidata records him as born in 170 and dead in 223. Chinese Wikipedia says only that he was born in the 170s and died in or after 228, with the Shiting campaign the last record of him. The two do not agree, and this entry lists both without choosing between them.[^wikidata][^zhwiki] ## Basic facts - Name: Zhu Ling[^zhengshi] - Courtesy name: Wenbo[^zhwiki] - Origin: Shu county in the state of Qinghe; the birthplace linked on this entry is [[place_cn_371400|Dezhou]][^wikidata] - Dates: Wikidata 170–223; Chinese Wikipedia 170s to 228 or later[^wikidata][^zhwiki] - Realm: Cao Wei, earlier under Yuan Shao[^zhengshi] - Portrayal: [[person_cn_q123914607|Zhu Ling]] (a character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms) /people/zhu-ling-q1133049.html en zh en 170 170 223 223 historical figure person_cn_q1133053 person yong-kai-q1133053 雍闿

Yong Kai (died 225), also written 雍凯, was a leading chief of southern Yi Province in the Three Kingdoms period and a man of Yizhou commandery. Around the first year of Jianxing he rebelled in Nanzhong, killed the grand administrator Zheng Ang, seized Zhang Yi and went over to Wu, and was killed in 225 during Zhuge Liang's southern campaign.[^zhwiki][^wikidata]

published category-history tag-ancient-china wikidata https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1133053 zhwiki https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%8D%E9%97%93 2026-10-25 2026-10-25 user:admin 5 Yong Kai was a leader of the rebellion in Nanzhong against Shu Han. The Chinese Wikipedia article is titled 雍闓 and says the name is also written 雍凯; it calls him a leading chief of southern Yi Province from Yizhou commandery and a descendant of Yong Chi, a general under Emperor Gaozu of Han. Wikidata uses the same Chinese label with the English label Yong Kai and records his death in 225, so the title stays as his personal name.[^zhwiki][^wikidata] ## The Nanzhong revolt Chinese Wikipedia says his ancestors were Han migrants who had lived so long in Nanzhong that they were deeply influenced by the region and 'their kindness and good faith were known across the southern lands'. In 223, the year of Liu Bei's death, Yong Kai joined Gao Ding and Zhu Bao in rebelling against Shu Han in Nanzhong. They killed the grand administrator of Yizhou, Zheng Ang, and seized his successor Zhang Yi. Li Yan wrote six letters urging him to submit, but he replied that 'the land has no second king' and resolved to rebel. Under the urging of Shi Xie and Bu Zhi he then went over to Wu and sent Zhang Yi there, and Wu made him grand administrator of Yongchang.[^zhwiki] He was held up by the resistance of Lü Kai and Wang Kang, so he sent Meng Huo to stir up the Yi and Yue peoples to rebel in support. Also involved were Zhu Bao, grand administrator of Zangke, and Gao Ding, king of the Yi of Yuesui.[^zhwiki] ## Death In the spring of 225 Zhuge Liang led his army south in three columns, and Yong Kai led his men to Yuesui to help the local chief Gao Ding. Chinese Wikipedia says he was killed in the campaign against him, though another account says that, because of conflict between the great clans and the native peoples, he was killed by Gao Ding's men. The article lists the Records of the Three Kingdoms biography of Lü Kai, the Chronicles of Huayang, and the Zizhi tongjian among its references.[^zhwiki] ## In Romance of the Three Kingdoms The same article says the novel's account of him is close to the histories. He is a descendant of Yong Chi and grand administrator of Jianning in Nanzhong. In chapter 87, after Liu Bei's death, he joins Zhu Bao, Gao Ding and the Man king Meng Huo in revolt and attacks Yongchang, but Zhuge Liang's divisive scheme leads to his being killed by Gao Ding's officer E Huan.[^zhwiki] ## Basic facts - Name: Yong Kai, also written 雍凯[^zhwiki] - Death year recorded on this entry: 225[^wikidata] - Role: chief of southern Yi Province[^zhwiki] - Portrayal: [[person_cn_q124423215|Yong Kai]] (a character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms) /people/yong-kai-q1133053.html en zh en 225 225 historical figure person_cn_q1133057 person ehe-shaoge-q1133057 俄何烧戈

Ehe Shaoge is a Qiang general in Romance of the Three Kingdoms, combined from two Qiang leaders, E He and Shaoge, in the histories. In the novel he leads 50,000 men for Mi Dang against Wei, falls for Chen Tai's feigned surrender, and kills himself when surrounded; Wikidata records his death as 247.[^zhwiki][^wikidata]

published category-literature tag-fictional-character tag-classics wikidata https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1133057 zhwiki https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E4%BD%95%E7%87%92%E6%88%88 2026-10-25 2026-10-25 user:admin 3 Ehe Shaoge is a Qiang general who appears in the novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Wikidata gives his Chinese label as 俄何烧戈 (traditional form 俄何燒戈) and his English label as Ehe Shaoge, describing him as a fictional character based on two individuals, and Chinese Wikipedia likewise notes that the histories have two separate people, E He and Shaoge. The title stays as the character's name.[^wikidata][^zhwiki] ## In the novel Chinese Wikipedia summarises that when Jiang Wei of Shu Han campaigned in the north, he invited King Mi Dang to send help, and Mi Dang sent Ehe Shaoge with 50,000 men against Wei. The Wei general Chen Tai feigned surrender and lured him into raiding the camp; surrounded by Guo Huai and Chen Tai and unable to escape, he cut his own throat. The episode is from chapter 109.[^zhwiki] ## The historical E He and Shaoge The article describes E He (also written 俄何) and Shaoge as Qiang chiefs of Longxi, Nan'an, Jincheng, Xiping and neighboring areas in the Three Kingdoms period, giving E He's dates as ? to 247. In the eighth year of Zhengshi (247) E He, Shaoge, Fatong, E Zhesai and Zhiwudai rose together against Cao Wei, attacked its cities and made contact with Jiang Wei of Shu Han. Guo Huai judged that Jiang Wei would attack Xiahou Ba, so he entered Fengzhong and turned south to meet Xiahou Ba; Jiang Wei attacked Weichi, and when Guo Huai's army arrived Jiang Wei withdrew. Guo Huai then advanced against the Qiang and killed E He and Shaoge, and tens of thousands of their followers surrendered to Wei.[^zhwiki] Chinese Wikipedia also stresses that the histories do not record Chen Tai taking part in this campaign and that Mi Dang was active earlier, in 240, so the novel's episode differs from the record.[^zhwiki] ## Basic facts - Name: Ehe Shaoge, combined from E He and Shaoge[^wikidata][^zhwiki] - Role: fictional character of Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Qiang general[^wikidata] - Death year recorded on this entry: 247[^wikidata] - Appears in: [[work_cn_q70806|Romance of the Three Kingdoms]] /people/ehe-shaoge-q1133057.html en zh en 247 247 Character in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms true literary character person_cn_q1133156 person zhu-ju-q1133156 朱据

Zhu Ju (194–250), courtesy name Zifan, was a man of Wu county in Wu commandery and an important Eastern Wu official and general, married to a daughter of Sun Quan. He rose to General of Agile Cavalry. For firmly backing the crown prince in the Two Palaces dispute he was demoted and then put to death on a forged edict by Sun Hong.[^zhengshi][^zhwiki][^wikidata]

published category-history tag-ancient-china wikidata https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1133156 zhwiki https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%B1%E6%93%9A zhengshi https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%9C%8B%E5%BF%97/%E5%8D%B757 2026-10-25 2026-10-25 user:admin 3 Zhu Ju was an official and general of Eastern Wu. The Records of the Three Kingdoms, juan 57, gives his courtesy name as Zifan and calls him a man of Wu county in Wu commandery. Wikidata gives the labels 朱据 (traditional form 朱據) and Zhu Ju with the alias Zifan, and records his life as 194 to 250. The title stays as his personal name.[^zhengshi][^wikidata] ## Early career The history says he was handsome and strong and good at argument. At the start of Huangwu he was summoned as a gentleman of the five offices and made a censor. When the minister of appointments, Ji Yan, hated corrupt officials in post and wanted to purge them all, Zhu Ju argued that the world was not yet settled, that merit should cover faults, that discarding flaws and keeping useful men while raising the honest above the foul was enough, and that sweeping dismissals would bring trouble later. Ji Yan did not listen and eventually failed.[^zhengshi] ## Under Sun Quan Sun Quan, sighing over the shortage of commanders, thought back to Lü Meng and Zhang Wen and judged Zhu Ju fit to follow them, since his talent was both civil and military. He made him Colonel of Established Righteousness stationed at Huzhu. After Sun Quan moved the capital to Jianye he summoned Zhu Ju to marry a princess, and made him General of the Left and Marquis of Yunyang. The Records say he was modest to scholars, careless of wealth and generous, so that his large stipends were often not enough. Chinese Wikipedia identifies the princess as Sun Quan's third daughter Sun Luyu.[^zhengshi][^zhwiki] When large coins worth five hundred each were first cast in the Jiahe era, a craftsman Wang Sui tricked his way into taking thirty thousand strings meant for Zhu Ju's household troops. The inspector Lü Yi suspected Zhu Ju had taken them and questioned the official in charge, who died under the rod. Zhu Ju pitied him and buried him generously, and Lü Yi then reported that Zhu Ju's officials were covering for him. Sun Quan questioned Zhu Ju several times, and he could not clear himself and sat on straw awaiting punishment. After some months the army clerk Liu Zhu discovered that Wang Sui had taken the money. Sun Quan was struck, saying that if even Zhu Ju could be wronged, what of ordinary officials and people, and had Lü Yi's crimes investigated and rewarded Liu Zhu a million cash.[^zhengshi] ## The Two Palaces dispute and death Zhu Ju was later promoted to General of Agile Cavalry; Chinese Wikipedia dates this to 246 and adds that in 249 he briefly took charge of the chancellor's duties. When the crown prince and the Prince of Lu quarrelled, Zhu Ju backed the crown prince with earnest words and a look of righteousness, holding to it to the death, and was demoted to commandery aide of Xindu. Before he arrived, the secretariat director Sun Hong slandered him, and while Sun Quan lay ill had a forged edict issued ordering his death. The Records say he was fifty-seven.[^zhengshi][^zhwiki] ## Afterwards Under Sun Liang his two sons Zhu Xiong and Zhu Sun each regained a command, but both were killed after being accused by Princess Quan. In the Yongan era his earlier merit was recalled, and Zhu Xiong's son Zhu Xuan inherited the Marquis of Yunyang and married a princess; under Sun Hao he rose to General of Agile Cavalry. Chinese Wikipedia adds that Zhu Ju's daughter became the empress of Emperor Jing of Wu, Sun Xiu.[^zhengshi][^zhwiki] ## Basic facts - Name: Zhu Ju[^zhengshi] - Courtesy name: Zifan[^zhengshi] - Origin: Wu county in Wu commandery; the birthplace linked on this entry is [[place_suzhou|Suzhou]][^wikidata] - Dates: 194–250[^wikidata] - Realm: Eastern Wu[^wikidata] - Occupation recorded on this entry: political figure[^wikidata] - Portrayal: [[person_cnv_q1133156_q70806|Zhu Ju]] (a character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms) /people/zhu-ju-q1133156.html en zh en 194 194 250 250 historical figure person_cn_q1133166 person dong-he-q1133166 董和

Dong He (died 221), courtesy name Youzai, came from Zhijiang in Nanjun, with ancestors from Jiangzhou in Ba commandery. He served under Liu Zhang and then Liu Bei. The Records of the Three Kingdoms describe his frugal rule in local posts and his sincerity toward the southern tribes, and say that he later shared the running of Liu Bei's headquarters with Zhuge Liang.[^zhengshi]

published category-history tag-ancient-china wikidata https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1133166 zhwiki https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%91%A3%E5%92%8C zhengshi https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%9C%8B%E5%BF%97/%E5%8D%B739 2026-10-25 2026-10-25 user:admin 3 Dong He was an official at the end of the Eastern Han and in the early years of Shu Han. The Records of the Three Kingdoms say his courtesy name was Youzai, that he came from Zhijiang in Nanjun, and that his ancestors were originally from Jiangzhou in Ba commandery, so the title stays his personal name. This entry records his death in 221; his birth year is not given.[^wikidata][^zhengshi] ## Under Liu Zhang At the end of the Han, Dong He led his clan west into Yi province. The governor Liu Zhang appointed him magistrate of Niubi, then of Jiangyuan, and then prefect of Chengdu. Shu was rich and fashionable at the time, and wealthy families dressed and ate lavishly and spent their fortunes on weddings and funerals. Dong He set the example himself by dressing plainly and eating simply, and he set rules against excess. Wherever he served the customs improved, and people feared him enough not to offend. Powerful local families, afraid of his strict law, persuaded Liu Zhang to move him to be commandant of the Badong dependent state. Officials and common people, old and young, in the thousands begged to keep him, and Liu Zhang let him stay two more years before promoting him to grand administrator of Yizhou, where he was as frugal as before. In dealing with the tribes he tried to act in good faith, and people in the south loved and trusted him.[^zhengshi] ## Under Liu Bei When Liu Bei settled Shu he summoned Dong He as colonel who commands the army and had him run the offices of the general of the left and the grand marshal together with the military advisor Zhuge Liang. They offered what was possible and checked what was not, and got on well. Chen Shou notes that over more than twenty years he governed distant regions outside and handled central affairs inside, and that on the day he died his household had not even a small store of grain.[^zhengshi] ## Zhuge Liang's remembrance When Zhuge Liang was later chancellor, he instructed his subordinates that joint administration exists to gather many opinions, and that avoiding small friction and refusing to argue things back and forth causes loss. He said that Dong Youzai had shared the office for seven years and, when something was not right, would come back as many as ten times to tell him. If anyone could imitate a tenth of Xu Yuanzhi's clarity and Youzai's earnestness and be loyal to the state, he himself would make fewer mistakes. He added that he first befriended Cui Zhouping, then Xu Yuanzhi, then worked with Youzai, who said everything he thought, and later with Hu Ji, who often urged him to stop; these four had remained on good terms with him to the end. Chen Shou says Zhuge Liang remembered Dong He in just this way.[^zhengshi] ## Basic facts - Name: Dong He, courtesy name Youzai[^zhengshi] - Origin: Zhijiang in Nanjun, with ancestors from Jiangzhou in Ba commandery[^zhengshi] - Birthplace recorded: Nanjun[^wikidata] - Death: 221[^wikidata] - Derived figure: [[person_cn_q124349495|Dong He]] (character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms) /people/dong-he-q1133166.html en zh en 221 221 historical figure person_cn_q1133588 person dongtuna-q1133588 董荼那

Dongtuna is a fictional character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms, a man of the Five Streams caves in the southern tribal lands and the second cave marshal under the king Meng Huo. Wikidata records 225 as the year of his death within the work. He helped guard the Five Streams against the Shu army and later seized the drunken Meng Huo and handed him over.[^wikidata][^zhwiki]

published category-literature tag-fictional-character tag-classics wikidata https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1133588 zhwiki https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%91%A3%E8%8D%BC%E9%82%A3 2026-10-25 2026-10-25 user:admin 3 Dongtuna is a fictional character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Wikidata's Chinese label and the title of the Chinese Wikipedia article are both 董荼那, and Wikidata also lists the variant 董荼奴, so the heading stays as it is. He is a southern tribal commander under Meng Huo. Wikidata describes him as Meng Huo's subordinate general, places the work in the Shu Han period, and records 225 as the year of his death.[^wikidata][^zhwiki] ## Identity Chinese Wikipedia says he comes from the Five Streams caves of the southern tribes and is the second cave marshal under the southern king Meng Huo.[^zhwiki] ## In the novel According to the article's summary, he, together with his colleagues Jinhuan Sanjie and Ahuinan, guarded the Five Streams caves against the Shu Han army on its first southern campaign. They fell into an ambush, were defeated and captured, and were then released. After fleeing south of the Lu River he was ordered to stop the Shu general Ma Dai, who had crossed the river secretly and taken Jiashan Valley, and to win back the grain route. On going out to fight he was abused by Ma Dai as shameless and withdrew red-faced. Back at his camp he seized the drunken Meng Huo and delivered him to the Shu army, for which he was rewarded. The article adds that after Meng Huo was released by the Shu army a second time, Dongtuna was assassinated and his body was thrown by the river together with Ahuinan's. These events come from the article's summary of the novel, and its listed references are chapters 87 and 88 of the novel.[^zhwiki] ## Basic facts - Description: fictional character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms, subordinate general of Meng Huo[^wikidata] - Variant writing: 董荼奴[^wikidata] - Dynasty or state of the work's setting: Shu Han[^wikidata] - Death: 225 (within the work)[^wikidata] - Appears in: [[work_cn_q70806|Romance of the Three Kingdoms]] /people/dongtuna-q1133588.html en zh en 225 225 Character in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms true literary character person_cn_q1133620 person wutugu-q1133620 兀突骨

Wutugu is a fictional character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms and does not appear in the standard histories. He is lord of the southern kingdom of Wuge, a giant who eats no grain. When Meng Huo asked for help he led rattan-armor troops against Shu, and he died with his thirty thousand men when Zhuge Liang burned them in Panshe Valley. Wikidata records 225 as his death year within the work.[^wikidata][^zhwiki]

published category-literature tag-fictional-character tag-classics wikidata https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1133620 zhwiki https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%80%E7%AA%81%E9%AA%A8 2026-10-25 2026-10-25 user:admin 3 Wutugu is a fictional character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Wikidata's Chinese label and the title of the Chinese Wikipedia article are both 兀突骨. The article stresses that he does not appear in the standard histories, so the heading stays as it is. Wikidata's description is lord of Wuge, the state of the work's setting is given as Wuge, and his death year is recorded as 225.[^wikidata][^zhwiki] ## Appearance and station He is lord of the southern kingdom of Wuge and stands twelve chi tall. The article says he eats no grain and takes live snakes and fierce beasts as his meal. His body bears scales that blades and arrows cannot pierce. He wears a hat of sun, moon and wolf whiskers, a mesh of gold and pearls, and his flanks show scales beneath the arms. A faint light shines in his eyes.[^zhwiki] ## In the novel After Zhuge Liang had captured and released Meng Huo six times, Meng Huo asked Wutugu for help. Wutugu led two commanders, Tu'an and Xini, and thirty thousand rattan-armor troops against Shu in person. After fifteen straight victories over Wei Yan, he pursued him to Panshe Valley and fell into Zhuge Liang's ambush. Zhuge Liang's fire attack beat him back, and Wutugu and all thirty thousand of his men were killed. The article's reference is chapter 90 of the novel, and it lists the rattan-armor army under see also.[^zhwiki] ## Basic facts - Description: fictional character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms, lord of Wuge[^wikidata] - State of the work's setting: Wuge[^wikidata] - Death: 225 (within the work)[^wikidata] - Appears in: [[work_cn_q70806|Romance of the Three Kingdoms]] /people/wutugu-q1133620.html en zh en 225 225 Character in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms true literary character person_cn_q1134695 person xu-jing-q1134695 许靖

Xu Jing (died 222), courtesy name Wenxiu, came from Pingyu in Runan and served at the end of the Eastern Han and in Shu Han. He was known as a judge of men. The Records of the Three Kingdoms describe him helping choose officials under Dong Zhuo, wandering as a refugee to Jiaozhou, then entering Shu to serve Liu Zhang and Liu Bei, and dying in the second year of Zhangwu aged over seventy.[^wikidata][^zhengshi]

published category-history tag-ancient-china wikidata https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134695 zhwiki https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A8%B1%E9%9D%96 zhengshi https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%9C%8B%E5%BF%97/%E5%8D%B738 2026-10-25 2026-10-25 user:admin 3 Xu Jing was an official from the end of the Eastern Han to the start of Shu Han. The Records of the Three Kingdoms say his courtesy name was Wenxiu and that he came from Pingyu in Runan, so the title stays his personal name. Wikidata records his death as 222, which agrees with the record that he died in the second year of Zhangwu.[^wikidata][^zhengshi] ## Early years As a young man he and his cousin Xu Shao were both well known and both had a reputation for judging people, but privately they did not get on. When Xu Shao was head of merit in Runan commandery he pushed Xu Jing aside and refused him a place in order, so Xu Jing earned his living turning a mill. After Liu Yi of Yingchuan became grand administrator of Runan, he recommended Xu Jing as an accounts clerk and then nominated him as filial and incorrupt. Xu Jing became a palace secretary and was put in charge of selecting officials.[^zhengshi] ## Under Dong Zhuo, and flight After Emperor Ling died and Dong Zhuo took power, Dong Zhuo made Zhou Bi of Hanyang minister of personnel, and Zhou Bi planned with Xu Jing over who should rise and who should fall, removing the corrupt and raising the neglected. They promoted Xun Shuang, Han Rong and Chen Ji to high ministries and governorships, and appointed Han Fu governor of Ji, Liu Dai inspector of Yan, Zhang Zi grand administrator of Nanyang, Kong Zhou inspector of Yu, and Zhang Miao grand administrator of Chenliu. Xu Jing himself was named grand administrator of Ba, did not take up the post, and was made censor-in-chief instead. When Han Fu and the others reached their posts they raised armies against Dong Zhuo, who flew into a rage at Zhou Bi and had him beheaded outside. Xu Jing's cousin Xu Yang had joined Kong Zhou in the plot, and Xu Jing, afraid of being executed, fled to Kong Zhou. After Kong Zhou died he relied on the inspector of Yang, Chen Yi, and after Chen Yi died he went to Xu Gong, commandant of Wu, and Wang Lang, grand administrator of Kuaiji, who were old friends. He relieved his relatives and fellow villagers out of kindness.[^zhengshi] ## To Jiaozhou When Sun Ce crossed the river to the east, Xu Jing and his company fled to Jiaozhou. The record says he sat at the edge of the cliff, put his followers aboard first, sent even his distant relatives off, and left last, and all who saw it sighed. Arriving in Jiaozhi, he was treated with great respect by the grand administrator Shi Xie. Yuan Hui, also living in exile in Jiaozhou, wrote to the director of the secretariat Xun Yu in praise of him. Zhang Xiang of Julu, on a royal mission to Jiaozhou, tried to recruit him and was refused. In a letter to Cao Cao, Xu Jing described drifting at sea, going without grain and eating grass, with most of the party dead, and then plague that killed his aunt and many of his kin. Zhang Xiang, bitter at his refusal, threw all the letters Xu Jing had entrusted to him into the water.[^zhengshi] ## Into Shu Liu Zhang later sent a messenger to invite him, and he came into Shu, where Liu Zhang made him grand administrator of Ba and Guanghan, and in the sixteenth year of Jian'an he was moved to Shu commandery. In the nineteenth year Liu Bei took Shu and made him chief clerk to the general of the left. When Liu Bei became king of Hanzhong, Xu Jing was grand tutor, and when he took the imperial title, he addressed Xu Jing in an edict naming him minister of education.[^zhengshi] According to the summary in Chinese Wikipedia, when Liu Bei surrounded Chengdu Xu Jing tried to climb the wall and escape and was caught, and Liu Bei looked down on him. Fa Zheng argued that Xu Jing's name had spread through the whole country, and that failing to use him would make people think Liu Bei despised worthy men. Liu Bei took this advice and gave him an honored post without real power.[^zhwiki] ## Later years The record says that even past seventy he loved to talk about people, drew in younger men, and never tired of conversation, and that the chancellor Zhuge Liang bowed to him. He died in the second year of Zhangwu. His son Xu Qin died before him, and Qin's son Xu You was a palace secretary in the Jingyao years. In his early years Xu Jing treated Chen Ji of Yingchuan as an elder brother and was close to Yuan Huan, Hua Xin and Wang Lang. In the early Wei years Hua Xin, Wang Lang and Chen Ji's son Chen Qun became senior ministers, and all wrote to him to renew the old friendship.[^zhengshi] ## Basic facts - Name: Xu Jing, courtesy name Wenxiu[^zhengshi] - Origin: Pingyu in Runan[^zhengshi] - Birthplace recorded: [[place_cn_411723|Pingyu County]][^wikidata] - State or dynasty: Shu Han, Eastern Han[^wikidata] - Death: 222[^wikidata][^zhengshi] - Description: statesman of Shu Han in the Three Kingdoms period[^wikidata] - Derived figure: [[person_cn_q124351108|Xu Jing]] (character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms) /people/xu-jing-q1134695.html en zh en 222 222 historical figure person_cn_q1135878 person cheng-bing-q1135878 程秉

Cheng Bing (172–225), courtesy name Deshu, came from Nandun in Runan and was a Confucian scholar-official of Eastern Wu. The Records of the Three Kingdoms say he studied under Zheng Xuan, mastered the Five Classics after fleeing to Jiaozhou, was summoned by Sun Quan, rose to grand tutor of the crown prince, and died in office, leaving three works on the classics.[^wikidata][^zhengshi]

published category-history tag-ancient-china wikidata https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1135878 zhwiki https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A8%8B%E7%A7%89 zhengshi https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%9C%8B%E5%BF%97/%E5%8D%B753 2026-10-25 2026-10-25 user:admin 3 Cheng Bing was a Confucian official of Eastern Wu in the Three Kingdoms period. The Records of the Three Kingdoms say his courtesy name was Deshu and that he came from Nandun in Runan, so the title stays his personal name. This entry records his life as 172 to 225; the biography itself says only that he died of illness in office and gives no year for his death.[^wikidata][^zhengshi] ## Study and entry into Wu The record says he was able to serve Zheng Xuan, and later, fleeing the wars, went to Jiaozhou, where he discussed the meaning of the classics with Liu Xi and came to master the Five Classics. The Jiaozhi grand administrator Shi Xie made him chief clerk. Sun Quan heard of him as a renowned scholar and summoned him with ceremony, and on arrival Cheng Bing was made grand tutor of the crown prince.[^zhengshi] ## The imperial bride and his advice In the fourth year of Huangwu, Sun Quan arranged for the crown prince Sun Deng to marry a daughter of Zhou Yu, and Cheng Bing, acting as minister of ceremonies, went to Wu commandery to receive the bride. Sun Quan came aboard Cheng Bing's boat in person, a mark of great honor. After he came back, Cheng Bing calmly advised Sun Deng that marriage is the beginning of human relations and the foundation of royal instruction, which is why the sage kings valued it and why the Odes put the Guanju first, and he urged the prince to honor ritual propriety in the inner quarters and keep in mind the Zhounan odes, so that moral influence would flourish above and songs of praise would rise below. Sun Deng laughed and answered that he would depend on his tutor to help him follow what was good and correct what was wrong.[^zhengshi] ## Death and writings He died of illness in office and left the Zhouyi zhai, the Shangshu bo and the Lunyu bi, more than thirty thousand characters in all. The Records add that while he was tutor, Zheng Chong of Henan, the commandant of the household attendants, was also known for diligent study and upright conduct.[^zhengshi] ## Basic facts - Name: Cheng Bing, courtesy name Deshu[^zhengshi] - Origin: Nandun in Runan[^zhengshi] - Life: 172 to 225[^wikidata] - State or dynasty: Eastern Wu[^wikidata] - Birthplace recorded: [[place_cn_411681|Xiangcheng]][^wikidata] - Derived figure: [[person_cn_q124144905|Cheng Bing]] (character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms) /people/cheng-bing-q1135878.html en zh en 172 172 225 225 historical figure person_cn_q1137442 person diaochan-q1137442 貂蝉

Diaochan is a fictional character in the historical novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms, a concubine of Lü Bu who in the story is Wang Yun's adopted daughter and uses a beauty trap to set Dong Zhuo and Lü Bu against each other. Chinese Wikipedia stresses that the Records of the Three Kingdoms and the Book of the Later Han record only that Lü Bu had an affair with a maid of Dong Zhuo and never give the name Diaochan.[^wikidata][^zhwiki]

published category-literature tag-fictional-character tag-classics wikidata https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1137442 zhwiki https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B2%82%E8%9D%89 2026-10-25 2026-10-25 user:admin 3 Diaochan is a character in the historical novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Wikidata's Chinese label is 貂蝉, and it lists the other forms 貂蟬, 任紅昌 and 刁蟬. Its description is a fictional character of the novel, a concubine of Lü Bu, and the dynasty of the work's setting is Han. The Chinese Wikipedia article is also titled 貂蝉, so the heading stays as it is.[^wikidata][^zhwiki] ## No such name in the histories Chinese Wikipedia points out that the Records of the Three Kingdoms and the Book of the Later Han record only that Lü Bu had an affair with a maid of Dong Zhuo, and never give the name Diaochan. The Biography of Lü Bu says that Dong Zhuo often had Lü Bu guard the inner gate, and that Lü Bu, who had an affair with one of Dong Zhuo's maids, feared discovery and was uneasy. When the minister Wang Yun secretly planned to kill Dong Zhuo, he used Lü Bu as his inside man and the maid is not mentioned, nor does Pei Songzhi's commentary say anything about her. The Book of the Later Han changes the word for maid to another word written with the character fu. Some researchers guess that fu is close in form to ren, which may be how Diaochan came to be given the surname Ren, while others hold that ren must be a miswriting of fu.[^zhwiki] ## Where the name comes from, and the variants The article says that in Qin and Han times diaochan was the name of a male official's cap and dress, and in the Han it was the dress of the emperor's close attendants, which is thought to be the source of the name. A Yuan zaju play has her as the daughter of Ren Ang, with the childhood name Hongchang, a village girl from Shanxi. The article also cites the Qing writer Ping Buqing, quoting a passage preserved in the Kaiyuan zhanjing in which Cao Cao is said to have offered a Diao Chan to confuse Dong Zhuo. If true, Diao Chan would have been a real person, but the book cited, the Hanshu tongzhi, is long lost and the passage is not in the surviving text, so it cannot be established whether Diao Chan and Diaochan are the same person or whether it was her real name. Since these accounts do not agree and have no secure common basis, this entry does not replace the heading with any of them.[^zhwiki] ## In Romance of the Three Kingdoms In the novel she is a maid of the minister Wang Yun, later his adopted daughter, sixteen years old and beautiful, with a wish to serve the state. Learning that Wang Yun is helpless against Dong Zhuo's misrule, she offers herself to deal with the traitors. With a beauty trap she wins the affection of both Dong Zhuo and Lü Bu, who called each other father and son, and drives a wedge between them, and she later helps bring Lü Bu to join Wang Yun in killing Dong Zhuo. After Lü Bu flees Chang'an the novel says little of her. Chapter 16 says that Lü Bu later took Diaochan as a concubine and that she bore no children. In chapter 19, while Lü Bu is fighting Cao Cao, his adviser Chen Gong urges him to take light troops to cut Cao Cao's grain route, and Lü Bu, undecided, asks his wife and concubines. Diaochan advises him not to go out in person, so he resolves to hold the isolated city, drinking day and night with his wife Lady Yan and Diaochan. Morale collapses, the officers drift away, and Lü Bu is finally destroyed by Cao Cao. After this she does not appear again.[^zhwiki] ## Later retellings The article says that contemporary researchers note her background grew from simple to complex through successive works, and that before the novel some versions made her Lü Bu's lost wife. Folk drama often links her to Guan Yu. In one play she is released by Guan Yu under the moon and is never heard of again. Another borrows the story of Jiang Taigong beheading the masked Daji, and presents Guan Yu fearing that her beauty would bring chaos to the realm. In a Ming play she becomes Guan Yu's concubine. The article lists texts from the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing periods, and later stage, film, television, game and comic adaptations.[^zhwiki] ## Disputed hometown The article records a dispute over Diaochan's hometown among Lintao and Kangle in Gansu, Xinzhou in Shanxi and Mizhi in Shaanxi, and notes that such disputes over famous people's hometowns are common on the mainland and that Diaochan, though fictional, is no exception. On 28 April 2011 Lintao county announced that it had registered Diaochan and Diaochan's hometown as trademarks, and Mizhi county objected.[^zhwiki] ## Basic facts - Description: fictional character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms, concubine of Lü Bu[^wikidata] - Other forms: 貂蟬, 任紅昌, 刁蟬[^wikidata] - Dynasty or state of the work's setting: Han[^wikidata] - Appears in: [[work_cn_q70806|Romance of the Three Kingdoms]] /people/diaochan-q1137442.html en zh en Character in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms true literary character person_cn_q11385585 person q11385585

侯音（？—219年），东汉末年宛城守将。建安二十三年十月，南阳官吏百姓不堪徭役，侯音与卫开聚众数千人联合关羽反叛曹魏；次年正月曹仁攻破宛城，侯音与卫开被斩首。[^wikidata][^zhwiki]

published category-history tag-ancient-china wikidata https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11385585 zhwiki https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BE%AF%E9%9F%B3 2026-10-25 2026-10-25 user:admin 5 侯音是东汉末年宛城的守将。维基数据和维基百科的条目名都是侯音，所以标题保持原样，只有这一个写法可考，没有字、号等别称的出处。维基数据记其卒年为219年，所属国家为东汉。[^wikidata][^zhwiki] ## 起事 维基百科记载，建安二十三年（218年）十月，南阳一带的官吏和百姓不堪徭役之苦，侯音与卫开聚集数千人，联合刘备一方镇守荆州的关羽，反叛曹魏。侯音起初劫持了太守东里衮，后来在南阳功曹宗子卿的劝说下放了他。[^zhwiki] ## 失败 宗子卿口头答应与侯音合力，等关羽的军队到来后一起对抗曹操的军队，却趁夜逃走，与东里衮收拢残兵围困侯音，并与曹仁带来的援军会合。建安二十四年（219年）正月，曹仁攻破宛城并屠城，侯音与卫开被斩首。[^zhwiki] ## 基本信息 - 所属朝代或国家：东汉[^wikidata] - 卒年：219年[^wikidata][^zhwiki] - 衍生形象：[[person_cnv_q11385585_q70806|侯音]]（《三国演义》人物） /people/q11385585.html en true zh 219 219年 历史人物 person_cn_q1138838 person lin-chong-q1138838 林冲

Lin Chong is a major character in the classical novel Water Margin, matched with the star Tianxiong among the thirty-six Heavenly Spirits and nicknamed Leopard Head. He begins as weapons instructor to the eight hundred thousand Imperial Guards at Dongjing. Framed by Gao Qiu and exiled to Cangzhou, he later joins Liangshan, ranks sixth, and dies of paralysis at Liuhe Temple in Hangzhou after the amnesty.[^wikidata][^zhwiki]

published category-literature tag-fictional-character tag-classics wikidata https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1138838 zhwiki https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9E%97%E5%86%B2 2026-10-25 2026-10-25 user:admin 3 Lin Chong is a character in Water Margin. Both Wikidata and the Chinese Wikipedia article are titled 林冲. Wikidata also lists the names Leopard Head and Tianxiong, a nickname and a star name, neither of which can stand in for a personal name, so the heading stays as it is. Wikidata describes him as a Water Margin character, gives the dynasty of the setting as the Great Song, and places his death around the 1120s.[^wikidata][^zhwiki] ## Origin and appearance Chinese Wikipedia says he corresponds to the star Tianxiong among the thirty-six Heavenly Spirits. When he first appears he is about thirty-four or thirty-five and is weapons instructor to the eight hundred thousand Imperial Guards at Dongjing (today's Kaifeng). He is big and strong, with a leopard's head, round eyes, a swallow's jaw and a tiger's beard, which is why he is called Leopard Head. He wields a snake spear of one zhang and eight chi and is unmatched in arms. His wife is Lady Zhang and they have no children. His father-in-law Instructor Zhang was once an Imperial Guards instructor, his father was an officer at Dongjing, and Cao Zheng, the Knife Demon, was his pupil.[^zhwiki] ## Framed and driven to Liangshan Lin Chong and the monk Lu Zhishen took to each other at once and swore brotherhood. When Lin Chong's wife went to burn incense at the Dongyue temple she was harassed by Gao Yanei, the adopted son of the marshal Gao Qiu. Her maid Jin'er told Lin Chong, who rushed over and stopped it. Gao Yanei did not give up and had Gao Qiu's confidant Lu Qian lure Lin Chong out to drink so that he could molest Lady Zhang, but Lin Chong hurried back and stopped that too. Having offended Gao Yanei, Lin Chong was trapped by Gao Qiu into entering the White Tiger Hall carrying a sword, was convicted and sentenced to exile in Cangzhou, and nearly died at the hands of the escorts Dong Chao and Xue Ba in the Wild Boar Forest until Lu Zhishen saved him. Staying at Chai Jin's house he laid out the arrogant Instructor Hong, who thought himself the best fighter there.[^zhwiki] At the Cangzhou prison camp Chai Jin quietly arranged things so that Lin Chong got the easy post of guarding the Hall of the Heavenly Kings. When Gao Qiu learned of this he sent Lu Qian and Fu An to kill him. They bribed the camp warden to move Lin Chong to the fodder yard and planned to burn it with him in it, but Lin Chong was out buying wine that day and escaped. With the fodder yard burned, which by law meant death, Lin Chong was driven to fury, killed Lu Qian, Fu An and an official, and no longer kept faith with the law. On Chai Jin's recommendation he went up to Liangshan on a snowy night.[^zhwiki] ## At Liangshan The chief then, the White-Robed Scholar Wang Lun, was petty and jealous and, fearing that Lin Chong would take his place, made things hard for him and demanded that within three days he go down the mountain, kill a man and bring back the head. Lin Chong would not harm an innocent traveler, and on the last day he waylaid the passing Yang Zhi, the Blue-Faced Beast. They fought dozens of rounds without result. When Chao Gai and his band came to join, Wang Lun again made excuses, and Lin Chong, goaded by Wu Yong, killed Wang Lun in anger and put Chao Gai forward as the new head. During this time he heard from passers-by that his father-in-law had died of illness and that his wife, pressed to marry by Gao Qiu, had hanged herself, and from then on he regarded Gao Qiu as his lifelong enemy.[^zhwiki] When Liangshan attacked the Zhu Family Manor, Lin Chong charged to the front, captured Hu Sanniang, and defeated Zhu Long. Afterward he was a main fighter against the imperial forces of Gao Lian, Huyan Zhuo and Guan Sheng. When the 108 were ranked he was sixth and second of the five tiger generals of the cavalry, in charge of holding the western land camp.[^zhwiki] ## After the amnesty After Liangshan accepted the amnesty, he followed Song Jiang and Lu Junyi against Liao, Tian Hu and Wang Qing. After Fang La was destroyed he caught paralysis in Hangzhou and was too ill to rise. He stayed at Liuhe Temple to recover, looked after by Wu Song and Lu Zhishen, and died half a year later. He was posthumously honored as Zhongwulang.[^zhwiki] ## Assessment The article quotes Jin Shengtan, who calls Lin Chong a first-rate figure but written too harshly: he could calculate ahead, endure, hold fast and carry things through, and that frightened people. It also quotes Mao Dun comparing the three officers Yang Zhi, Lin Chong and Lu Da: Yang Zhi wanted office, Lin Chong was law-abiding and submissive and was driven until he had nowhere to stay, and only Lu Da had no scruples and dared to act. Mao Dun also wrote a short story, Leopard Head Lin Chong.[^zhwiki] ## Basic facts - Description: Water Margin character[^wikidata] - Other names: Leopard Head, Tianxiong[^wikidata] - Dynasty or state of the work's setting: Great Song[^wikidata] - Appears in: [[work_cn_q70827|Water Margin]] /people/lin-chong-q1138838.html en zh en Character in Water Margin true literary character person_cn_q11398296 person liu-an-q11398296 刘安

Liu An is a fictional character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms, the hunter who sheltered Liu Bei. After Lü Bu defeated Liu Bei and he fled toward Cao Cao, he lodged at Liu An's home. Liu An could not find game and killed his own wife to feed him. Liu Bei wept when he learned the truth, and Cao Cao sent Sun Qian to reward Liu An with a hundred taels of gold.[^wikidata][^zhwiki]

published category-literature tag-fictional-character tag-classics wikidata https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11398296 zhwiki https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8A%89%E5%AE%89_(%E4%B8%89%E5%9C%8B%E6%BC%94%E7%BE%A9) 2026-10-25 2026-10-25 user:admin 3 Liu An is a fictional character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Wikidata's Chinese label is 劉安, written 刘安 in simplified characters, and the Chinese Wikipedia article is titled 劉安 with the parenthetical (三國演義), which only distinguishes it from others of the same name, so the heading stays as it is. Wikidata describes him as a hunter and gives the dynasty of the setting as Han.[^wikidata][^zhwiki] ## In the novel According to Chinese Wikipedia's summary, after Lü Bu defeated Liu Bei, Liu Bei fled toward Cao Cao and lodged at the home of the hunter Liu An on the way. Liu An knew that the governor of Yu province had come and wanted to find wild game for the meal, but could not find any at short notice, so he killed his own wife and fed her to Liu Bei. Liu Bei asked what the meat was and Liu An said it was wolf. The next morning Liu Bei saw in the kitchen a slain woman with the flesh cut from her arms and asked Liu An in shock, and Liu An told him the truth. Liu Bei was grieved and wept. Liu An said he had wanted to follow his lord but did not dare go far because his old mother was at home. Later Liu Bei met Cao Cao and told him what happened, and Cao Cao sent Sun Qian to give Liu An a hundred taels of gold.[^zhwiki] ## Basic facts - Description: fictional character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms, hunter[^wikidata] - Occupation: hunter[^wikidata] - Dynasty or state of the work's setting: Han[^wikidata] - Appears in: [[work_cn_q70806|Romance of the Three Kingdoms]] /people/liu-an-q11398296.html en zh en Character in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms true literary character person_cn_q1142166 person sima-zhou-q1142166 司马伷

Sima Zhou (227–283), courtesy name Zijiang, was the fourth son of Sima Yi and an imperial prince and general from Cao Wei into the Western Jin. First made Marquis of Nan'an Pavilion, he became Prince of Dongguan under Emperor Wu and then Prince of Langye, garrisoning Xiapi. The Book of Jin records that he led tens of thousands out through Tuzhong in the conquest of Wu and that he died in the fourth year of Taikang at fifty-seven.[^wikidata][^zhwiki][^zhengshi]

published category-history tag-ancient-china wikidata https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1142166 zhwiki https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%B8%E9%A6%AC%E4%BC%B7 zhengshi https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%99%89%E6%9B%B8/%E5%8D%B7038 2026-10-25 2026-10-25 user:admin 3 Sima Zhou was an imperial prince and general from Cao Wei into the Western Jin. The Book of Jin calls him Prince Wu of Langye, with the given name Zhou and the courtesy name Zijiang, and Wikidata's Chinese label is also 司馬伷, so the title stays his personal name. This entry records his life as 227 to 283, which agrees with the Book of Jin saying that he died at fifty-seven.[^wikidata][^zhengshi] ## Family Chinese Wikipedia says he was the fourth son of Sima Yi and his mother was Lady Fu. He was a half-brother of Sima Shi, Sima Zhao and Sima Gan and a full brother of Sima Liang, Sima Jing and Sima Jun, and he was the grandfather of Emperor Yuan of Jin, Sima Rui. His wife was the eldest daughter of Zhuge Dan, and they had Sima Jin, Sima Dan and Sima Yao.[^zhwiki] ## Under Cao Wei The Book of Jin says that in the early Zhengshi years he was made Marquis of Nan'an Pavilion. He had talent and a good name early, started as general who pacifies the north and guarded Ye, where he was praised for calming people, and rose to mounted attendant, was advanced to Marquis of Dongwu district, and became general of the right and inspector of Yan province. When the five ranks were first set up he was made Earl of Nanpi, and he became general who campaigns against the captives with credentials.[^zhengshi] Chinese Wikipedia adds that in 260, when Cao Mao and Wang Jing plotted against Sima Zhao, Sima Zhou, then colonel of the Tun cavalry, attacked Cao Mao together with Jia Chong. They met Cao Mao at the East Carriage-Stopping Gate, and Cao Mao's men shouted at Sima Zhou's, who ran away.[^zhwiki] ## Under Western Jin When Emperor Wu took the throne he made Sima Zhou Prince of Dongguan with ten thousand six hundred households. When the court began to set up the two ministers, an edict told the princes to choose their own magistrates, and he sent a memorial declining it, which was refused. He entered the court as vice director of the right in the secretariat and general who comforts the army, then went out as general who guards the east with credentials over military affairs in Xu province, replacing Wei Guan at Xiapi. The Book of Jin says he defended the area well, won the full effort of his troops, and was feared by the men of Wu. He was given the rank of acting as the three excellencies and his title was changed to Prince of Langye, with Dongguan added to his state.[^zhengshi] ## The conquest of Wu In the campaign against Wu he led tens of thousands out through Tuzhong, and Sun Hao sent a letter with his seals and ribbons to Sima Zhou to ask for surrender. The edict praised him: he had commanded his forces and held Tuzhong in succession so that the enemy could not rescue one another, had sent the chancellor of Langye Liu Hong and others to press toward the river and frighten the enemy into sending envoys with false seals, and had his chief clerk Wang Heng take troops across the river, break the border guards and capture the commander Cai Ji, with some fifty or sixty thousand killed or surrendered. Zhuge Jing and Sun Yi came back and begged for death. For this his two sons were made pavilion marquises with three thousand households each and he was given six thousand bolts of silk. Soon he was also put in charge of Qing province and given the dress of an attendant, and advanced to grand general with the rank of acting as the three excellencies.[^zhengshi] ## Later years and death The Book of Jin judges that, as a close relative of high rank and with the merit of conquering Wu, he still restrained himself and was respectful and frugal, without a trace of pride; his subordinates gave their best and the people remembered his teaching. When he was gravely ill the emperor sent bedding, clothing, money, silk and grain, and an attendant to ask after him. He died in the fourth year of Taikang at fifty-seven. On his deathbed he asked to be buried beside his mother, the dowager consort, and to divide his state among four sons, and the emperor agreed. His son Prince Gong, Sima Jin, succeeded him, and the second son Sima Dan was made Prince of Wuling, Sima Yao Prince of Dong'an and Sima Cui Prince of Huailing. Chinese Wikipedia gives the date of his death as the jihai day of the fifth month of the fourth year of Taikang, 12 June 283.[^zhengshi][^zhwiki] ## Basic facts - Name: Sima Zhou, courtesy name Zijiang[^zhengshi] - Life: 227 to 283[^wikidata] - Posthumous name: Wu[^zhwiki] - State or dynasty: China (Cao Wei and Western Jin)[^wikidata] - Birthplace recorded: [[place_luoyang|Luoyang]][^wikidata] - Derived figure: [[person_cn_q124737301|Sima Zhou]] (character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms) /people/sima-zhou-q1142166.html en zh en 227 227 283 283 historical figure person_cn_q1143130 person ma-xiu-q1143130 马休

Ma Xiu (178–211) was a son of the northwestern general Ma Teng and a brother of Ma Chao in the Three Kingdoms period. After Cao Cao summoned Ma Teng to the capital, Ma Xiu moved with the family to Ye. When Ma Chao rose against Cao in 211, Ma Teng and his family were put to death, and Ma Xiu died then.[^wikidata][^zhwiki]

published category-history tag-ancient-china wikidata https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1143130 zhwiki https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E4%BC%91 2026-10-25 2026-10-25 user:admin 3 Ma Xiu was a figure of the Three Kingdoms period. Wikidata's Chinese label is 馬休, written 马休 in simplified characters, and the Chinese Wikipedia article carries the same title, so the heading stays as it is. This entry records his life as 178 to 211 and his country as China.[^wikidata][^zhwiki] ## Family Chinese Wikipedia says he was a son of Ma Teng, a general of the northwest in the Three Kingdoms, and a brother of Ma Chao. Wikidata also lists Ma Teng as his father.[^zhwiki][^wikidata] ## The move to Ye and his death Chinese Wikipedia records that when Cao Cao was made chancellor he wanted to call Ma Chao to the capital as a subordinate, and Ma Chao did not accept. Cao Cao then summoned Ma Teng under the title of commandant of the guards to take office in the capital, and Ma Chao was made general of the flank and Marquis of Duting. Ma Xiu moved with the family to Ye, the capital of Cao Wei. Later, in 211, Ma Chao rose in revolt against Cao, and Cao Cao put to death Ma Chao's father Ma Teng and his family and brothers, and Ma Xiu died at that time. The article is short and does not record his courtesy name, offices or personal deeds.[^zhwiki] ## Basic facts - Life: 178 to 211[^wikidata] - Father: Ma Teng[^wikidata][^zhwiki] - Brother: Ma Chao[^zhwiki] - State or dynasty: China[^wikidata] - Derived figure: [[person_cn_q124326033|Ma Xiu]] (character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms) /people/ma-xiu-q1143130.html en zh en 178 178 211 211 historical figure person_cn_q1143870 person sima-you-q1143870 司马攸

Sima You (246–283), courtesy name Dayou and childhood name Taofu, was a son of Sima Zhao adopted as heir to Sima Shi and a full younger brother of Emperor Wu of Jin, with the title Prince of Qi. The Book of Jin says his talent and prestige exceeded the emperor's. In his last years Xun Xu and Feng Dan pressed the emperor to send him back to his state, and he fell ill with resentment and died vomiting blood. His posthumous name was Xian.[^wikidata][^zhwiki][^zhengshi]

published category-history tag-ancient-china wikidata https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1143870 zhwiki https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%B8%E9%A6%AC%E6%94%B8 zhengshi https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%99%89%E6%9B%B8/%E5%8D%B7038 2026-10-25 2026-10-25 user:admin 3 Sima You was an imperial prince from Cao Wei into the Western Jin. The Book of Jin calls him Prince Xian of Qi, with the given name You and the courtesy name Dayou, and Wikidata's Chinese label is 司馬攸, so the title stays his personal name. This entry records his life as 246 to 283.[^wikidata][^zhengshi] ## Early years The Book of Jin says he was quick and clever as a child, and as an adult was mild and fair, close to the worthy and generous, fond of the classics, able in composition and skilled at letters, and a model for his age. His talent and prestige exceeded Emperor Wu's, and Sima Yi, the Emperor Xuan, valued him. Sima Shi, the Emperor Jing, had no son and made him his heir. He went on the campaign against Wang Ling and was made Marquis of Changle Pavilion. When Sima Shi died he was ten, and his grief moved those around him and was much admired. He inherited the title Marquis of Wuyang. He served the dowager Empress Yang Huiyu at a separate residence and became known for filial devotion, then served as mounted attendant and colonel of the infantry, and at eighteen calmed his camps with authority and kindness. When the five ranks were set up he was changed to Marquis of Anchang and became general of the guards. In mourning for Emperor Wen, Sima Zhao, he grieved beyond what ritual asked and could rise only with a staff. When those around him brought him rice, he wept and would not take it, until the empress dowager came in person to urge him and his clerk Ji Xi argued with him, and only then did he force himself to eat.[^zhengshi] ## Prince of Qi When Emperor Wu took the throne Sima You was made Prince of Qi. The court was newly founded, and he commanded the armies and calmed the realm inside and out, and everyone looked to him. When the court debated letting princes choose the senior officers of their states, he submitted a memorial against it, which was turned down three times. Later, when his chancellor reported vacancies in the state's senior posts and the secretary asked to nominate people, Sima You ordered that appointing officials was a matter for the court, not something the state should decide, and that the chancellor should petition the court. At the time princes' households were fed and clothed from the imperial stores. He wrote that the rents of his state were enough for himself and asked to stop this more than ten times, and the emperor refused each time. Although he never went to his state, he divided its taxes to pay its civil and military staff down to the soldiers, and gave gifts for sickness and death. When floods or droughts came, he lent grain to the people of the state, collected only in a good year, and cut the amount by a fifth.[^zhengshi] He rose to general of the agile cavalry with the right to open an office, treated as equal to the three excellencies, humble and trusting with others. When the rank required him to disband his camp troops, several thousand soldiers were so attached to his kindness that they refused to leave, and the emperor gave him back his troops. He then became general who guards the army, was given the rank of palace attendant, served as acting junior tutor and then grand tutor of the crown prince, and offered the prince an admonition in verse. In the second year of Xianning he succeeded Jia Chong as minister of works. In court debate he spoke with all his heart; on years of famine, for example, he urged strict orders to prefectures to check false claims that harmed farming, and to forbid extravagance and idle living in the capital.[^zhengshi] ## His fall and death The Book of Jin says Sima Zhao especially loved him, often patting the couch and calling him by his childhood name, saying it was Taofu's seat, and nearly made him heir. As he lay dying he wept as he told Emperor Wu the stories of the Prince of Huainan of Han and Cao Zhi of Wei, put Sima You's hand into the emperor's, and urged the brothers to live in peace. In the emperor's later years his sons were young and the crown prince was weak, and officials inside and out looked to Sima You. Xun Xu, director of the secretariat, and Feng Dan, attendant, advanced themselves by flattery, and Sima You had long despised them. Fearing that he would succeed, they told the emperor that the crown prince could not be established, because all the officials had turned to the Prince of Qi, and that if he were told to go to his state the whole court would say it could not be done. Feng Dan added that if the princes were to be sent to their states, one should begin with the closest relative, and no one was closer than the Prince of Qi. The emperor believed them, and in the third year of Taikang issued an edict appointing him grand marshal with command over Qing province and sending him back to Qi. Sima You was displeased, knew it was Xun Xu and Feng Dan who had plotted against him, fell ill from anger and asked to guard the tombs of the former empress, which was refused. The emperor sent court physicians, who guessed his wishes and all said there was no illness. As the illness worsened he was still pressed to depart. He forced himself to go and take leave, still kept up his dress and bearing and acted as usual, so the emperor suspected him of feigning. Two nights after leaving the palace he vomited blood and died.[^zhengshi] The Book of Jin says he was thirty-six when he died, that the emperor wept bitterly, and that Feng Dan, standing beside him, said the Prince of Qi's name exceeded his reality and the realm had turned to him, so that his death was good fortune for the state, at which the emperor wiped away his tears. His funeral followed the precedent of Sima Fu, Prince of Anping, and he was given a place at the imperial ancestral temple. His son Sima Jiong succeeded him. Chinese Wikipedia gives the date of his death as the guichou day of the third month of the fourth year of Taikang, 27 April 283, at the age of thirty-eight, and adds that the emperor later executed the physicians after Sima Jiong told him they had lied that his father was not ill, and that his posthumous name was set as Xian. The sources do not agree on his age, thirty-six in the Book of Jin and thirty-eight in Chinese Wikipedia, and Wikidata's English description even gives 248 as the year of birth, so this entry does not try to reconcile them and uses only Wikidata's structured dates of 246 and 283.[^zhengshi][^zhwiki][^wikidata] ## Character The Book of Jin says he restrained himself by ritual and rarely erred. When he borrowed a book he would correct its mistakes by hand before returning it. He was unusually sincere, and was moved to tears whenever something touched on his parents' names, and even Emperor Wu respected and feared him, choosing his words carefully when they were together. He had three sons, Sima Rui (司马蕤), Sima Zan (司马赞) and Sima Shi (司马寔), and the Book of Jin has a separate biography of his son Sima Jiong.[^zhengshi] ## Basic facts - Name: Sima You, courtesy name Dayou, childhood name Taofu[^zhengshi][^zhwiki] - Life: 246 to 283[^wikidata] - Title: Prince of Qi, posthumous name Xian[^zhengshi] - Description: Cao Wei official and Western Jin imperial prince[^wikidata] - State or dynasty: Cao Wei, Western Jin[^wikidata] - Derived figure: [[person_cn_q124732043|Sima You]] (character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms) /people/sima-you-q1143870.html en zh en 246 246 283 283 historical figure person_cn_q1146610 person cai-jing-q1146610 蔡京

Cai Jing (1047–1126), courtesy name Yuanchang, came from Xianyou in Xinghua and was a chancellor under Emperor Huizong of Northern Song, who held power several times and was later named first of the Six Thieves. The History of Song places him among the treacherous ministers, and says that after Emperor Qinzong took the throne he was demoted and exiled, and died on the road at Tanzhou aged eighty.[^wikidata][^zhwiki][^zhengshi]

published category-history tag-ancient-china wikidata https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1146610 zhwiki https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%94%A1%E4%BA%AC zhengshi https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E5%AE%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E5%8D%B7472 2026-10-25 2026-10-25 user:admin 3 Cai Jing was a dominant chancellor under Emperor Huizong of Northern Song. The History of Song says his courtesy name was Yuanchang and that he came from Xianyou in Xinghua, and Wikidata's Chinese label is also 蔡京, so the title stays his personal name. This entry records his life as 1047 to 1126.[^wikidata][^zhengshi] ## Early years and calligraphy The History of Song says he passed the jinshi examination in the third year of Xining, served as defender of Qiantang and judicial official of Shuzhou, rose to diarist of the court, and on returning from an embassy to the Liao was made drafting official of the secretariat. His younger brother Cai Bian was already a drafting official, and by custom they ranked by order of entry, but Cai Bian asked to sit below his elder brother, so the two brothers together handled the writing of commands, which the court counted an honor.[^zhengshi] Chinese Wikipedia says he was handsome as a youth, of broad ability, and skilled at calligraphy, already a famous calligrapher when young. It adds that the four great calligraphers of Northern Song are Su, Huang, Mi and Cai, in which Cai originally meant Cai Jing, but later generations, thinking his character treacherous, changed it to Cai Xiang.[^zhwiki] ## Under Sima Guang and in the Shaosheng years The History of Song says that when Sima Guang, in power, restored the system of conscripted service with a deadline of five days, his colleagues complained that it was too hasty, but Cai Jing alone met the deadline, converting all the hired service in the capital counties with no breach, and Sima Guang praised him. In the early Shaosheng years Zhang Dun wanted to change the service rules again and discussed it for a long time without a decision. Cai Jing told him to simply apply the established law of Xining, and the hired-service system was settled that way. The biography remarks that the two systems were opposed by Sima Guang and Zhang Dun, yet Cai Jing twice dealt with them within ten years with ease, and the discerning could see his craftiness.[^zhengshi] ## Chancellor under Huizong After Emperor Huizong took the throne, Cai Jing was first dismissed and lived in Hangzhou. The biography says the eunuch Tong Guan came south to seek rare paintings and calligraphy and stayed in Hangzhou for months, during which Cai Jing kept company with him day and night. The screens and fans Cai Jing painted were sent into the palace by Tong Guan each day with words attached, and the emperor began to take note of him. Palace women and eunuchs spoke of him with one voice, and he was made governor of Dingzhou, then moved to Daming prefecture in the first year of Chongning and recalled as academician in attendance. He was made vice director of the left, soon replaced Zeng Bu as vice director of the right, and in the first month of the second year became vice director of the left. At the audience the emperor asked how he should continue the aims of his father and brother, and Cai Jing kowtowed and said he would give his life.[^zhengshi] The biography says he ran affairs through the office of discussion, abolished the examination law in favor of the three-hall system of schools, took over the tea trade in seven circuits, rewrote the salt notes so that wealthy merchants were ruined overnight, some drowning or hanging themselves, and cast large tens coins. He had the Yuanyou ministers listed as a treacherous faction, with their names carved in stone before a palace gate and a copy written out in his own hand for distribution to the prefectures, three hundred and nine people in all, whose descendants were barred. He promoted Tong Guan and others to military governors, until the law of the ancestors was swept away. Rich as he became, he grew greedier, drawing the pay of a vice director as well as the grain and salary of a minister of works.[^zhengshi] Chinese Wikipedia lists his financial measures, such as the tea voucher law, the salt voucher law and the founding of charity cemeteries for unclaimed remains, and says these sharply raised government revenue and paid for the dynasty's large military actions, while ruining merchants and impoverishing ordinary people.[^zhwiki] ## Rises and falls The History of Song says that in the fifth year of Chongning a comet appeared, and because critics attacked the tablet of factions, the emperor cancelled everything Cai Jing had set up and removed him. His followers then worked privately on the emperor, and in the first year of Daguan he was again vice director of the left, later made grand commandant and grand tutor. In the third year of Daguan the censors and remonstrators attacked him together and he retired, and in the fourth year he was demoted to junior guardian of the heir and sent to Hangzhou. He was recalled in the second year of Zhenghe and held power again. The biography says he changed official titles, styled himself the Duke Chancellor in charge of all three offices, pressed the system of handwritten imperial notes, and urged casting nine tripods, building the Mingtang and Daoist temples, and making the Dasheng music, with large public works that left the people of the Yellow River region in misery. In the sixth year of Xuanhe he took power a fourth time, but his eyes were dim and he could not manage affairs, and his youngest son Cai Tao decided everything on his behalf. His eldest son Cai You then exposed Cai Tao, and the emperor sent Tong Guan to make Cai Jing resign. Cai Jing wept and gave in, and court writers drafted three memorials of resignation in his name.[^zhengshi] ## Family and end The biography says his sons Cai You, Cai Tao and Cai Xiao rose to senior academicians, and his son Cai You married Princess Maode. The emperor visited his house seven times and gave countless rewards. It also says that Cai You and Cai Jing came into conflict over power and set up separate households until they were like enemies. When Emperor Qinzong took the throne and frontier alarms grew, Cai Jing took the whole household south to protect himself, and the world named him first of the Six Thieves. The censor Sun Di and others presented sharp memorials, and he was demoted to director of the palace library with duties at Nanjing, then to deputy military commissioner of Chongxin and Qingyuan, with residence assigned at Hengzhou, then moved to Shaozhou and Danzhou. He died on the road at Tanzhou, aged eighty.[^zhengshi] Chinese Wikipedia says he died of illness at the Dongming temple south of Tanzhou in the seventh month of the first year of Jingkang, that his descendants moved his remains home to Xianyou in the fourth year of Qiandao under Southern Song, that he was rehabilitated and posthumously made Duke of Lu in the reign of Emperor Xiaozong, and that popular tradition holds he starved to death after local people refused to sell him food.[^zhwiki] ## Assessment The History of Song puts him among the treacherous ministers and says he was fierce and sly by nature, using cunning to control people. Before the emperor he watched for chances only to keep his own place, valued profit over duty, and let brothers become strangers and father and son enemies, until he finally brought disaster on the dynasty, and although he died in disgrace on the road, the world still resented that he had not received the proper punishment.[^zhengshi] Chinese Wikipedia also gives the more favorable view: he had great artistic talent in calligraphy, verse and prose, and his disciple Lü Chuan Bianlao, who wrote his epitaph, argued that the Jin invasion could no more be blamed on Cai Jing than the An Lushan rebellion on Yao Chong and Song Jing, the good chancellors of Xuanzong's early reign. Ye Shi and Wang Fuzhi also comment on his fiscal measures and the stone-and-flower transport.[^zhwiki] ## Basic facts - Name: Cai Jing, courtesy name Yuanchang[^zhengshi] - Origin: Xianyou in Xinghua[^zhengshi][^zhwiki] - Life: 1047 to 1126[^wikidata] - Description: statesman of Northern Song[^wikidata] - State or dynasty: Northern Song[^wikidata] - Derived figure: [[person_cn_q111027783|Cai Jing]] (character in Water Margin) /people/cai-jing-q1146610.html en zh en 1047 1047 1126 1126 historical figure person_cn_q1146630 person liang-xing-q1146630 梁兴

Liang Xing (died 212) was one of the Guanzhong warlords at the end of the Eastern Han. In 198 he helped kill Li Jue, who had fled to Huangbai city, and sent his head to Cao Cao. In 211 he joined Ma Chao, Han Sui and others in rising against Cao Cao, which led to the battle of Tong Pass, and in 212 he was killed in a campaign by Xiahou Yuan and Zheng Hun.[^wikidata][^zhwiki]

published category-history tag-ancient-china wikidata https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1146630 zhwiki https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A2%81%E8%88%88 2026-10-25 2026-10-25 user:admin 4 Liang Xing was one of the Guanzhong warlords at the end of the Eastern Han. Wikidata's Chinese label is written 梁興, or 梁兴 in simplified characters, and the Chinese Wikipedia article carries the same title, so the heading stays as it is. Wikidata records his death in 212 and his state as Eastern Han.[^wikidata][^zhwiki] ## Killing Li Jue Chinese Wikipedia records that in 198, under the command of Pei Mao and Duan Wei, Liang Xing and Zhang Heng and others killed Li Jue, who had fled to Huangbai city, and sent his head to Cao Cao.[^zhwiki] ## The battle of Tong Pass In 211 Liang Xing joined Ma Chao, Han Sui and the other leaders of the so-called ten generals of Guanzhong in rising against Cao Cao's advance west, which set off the battle of Tong Pass. In 212 he was killed in a campaign by Xiahou Yuan and Zheng Hun. The article adds that in chapter 59 of the novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms he is killed by Ma Chao after Jia Xu's scheme of sowing discord, which is a different matter from the historical events above.[^zhwiki] ## Assessment The article quotes two comments. Chen Lin said that the Guanzhong generals had gathered again and rebelled, holding the two Hua mountains and the Yellow and Wei rivers, driving the Qiang and Hu before them and heading east together with high spirit, as though unbeatable. Hu Sanxing said that the western troops were then the strongest and best, yet were broken by Cao Cao because their discipline was not unified.[^zhwiki] ## Basic facts - Death: 212[^wikidata][^zhwiki] - State or dynasty: Eastern Han[^wikidata] - Derived figure: [[person_cn_q124328613|Liang Xing]] (character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms) /people/liang-xing-q1146630.html en zh en 212 212 historical figure person_cn_q1146661 person zhu-jun-q1146661 朱儁

Zhu Jun (149–195), courtesy name Gongwei, came from Shangyu in Kuaiji and was a general at the end of the Eastern Han who put down the Jiaozhi revolt and the Yellow Turban rebellion and rose to grand commandant. The Book of the Later Han says that when Li Jue and Guo Si fought each other, Guo Si held him as a hostage, and Zhu Jun, who was strict by nature, fell ill and died that same day.[^wikidata][^zhengshi]

published category-history tag-ancient-china wikidata https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1146661 zhwiki https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%B1%E5%84%81 zhengshi https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E5%BE%8C%E6%BC%A2%E6%9B%B8/%E5%8D%B771 2026-10-25 2026-10-25 user:admin 3 Zhu Jun was a general at the end of the Eastern Han. The Book of the Later Han says his courtesy name was Gongwei and that he came from Shangyu in Kuaiji, and Wikidata's Chinese label is also 朱儁, with variant forms such as 朱雋, so the title stays his personal name. This entry records his life as 149 to 195.[^wikidata][^zhengshi] ## Early life The Book of the Later Han says he lost his father young and his mother made her living selling silk. He became known for filial care, served as a gatekeeper clerk in the county, and was fond of justice and careless of money, which won him respect in his village. A man of the same commandery, Zhou Gui, was summoned to a ministry and borrowed a million cash from the commandery treasury to buy his cap and robes. When the commandery suddenly demanded repayment, Zhou Gui's family was too poor to pay, and Zhu Jun secretly took his mother's silk to settle the debt. His mother lost her stock and was angry with him. He said a small loss would bring a larger gain and that poor first and rich afterward was only natural. The county magistrate Du Shang saw him and thought him remarkable, and recommended him to the grand administrator Wei Yi, so that he rose in commandery posts, and the later grand administrator Yin Duan made him chief clerk. In the second year of Xiping Yin Duan failed in a campaign against Xu Zhao, was denounced by the province and was liable to execution. Zhu Jun, in worn clothes and quietly, took several hundred gold pieces to the capital, bribed the clerks in charge of memorials, and had the province's memorial altered, so that Yin Duan was only sentenced to labor. Yin Duan was glad to be let off without knowing why, and Zhu Jun never said anything.[^zhengshi] ## Pacifying Jiaozhi The next grand administrator, Xu Gui, recommended him as filial and incorrupt, and he served twice as magistrate of Lanling with unusual ability. When bandits rose together in Jiaozhi and the governors were too weak to stop them, Liang Long and more than ten thousand others joined the grand administrator of Nanhai, Kong Zhi, in revolt and broke commanderies and counties. In the first year of Guanghe Zhu Jun was made inspector of Jiaozhi, told to gather household troops and levies as he passed his own commandery, and set out with five thousand men in two columns. At the border of the province he halted, sent envoys ahead to see how strong the rebels were and to spread the court's authority and shake their morale, and then advanced on them together with troops from seven commanderies. He cut down Liang Long, tens of thousands surrendered, and everything was settled within a month. For this he was made Marquis of Duting Pavilion with fifteen hundred households, given fifty jin of gold, and called to court as palace counselor.[^zhengshi] ## The Yellow Turban rebellion When the Yellow Turbans rose, many ministers recommended Zhu Jun for his ability. He was made general of the household of the right, given credentials, and with Huangfu Song, general of the household of the left, he attacked the rebels in Yingchuan, Runan and Chen and defeated them all. Huangfu Song reported this and gave the credit to Zhu Jun, who was advanced to Marquis of Xixiang and made general of the household who suppresses bandits.[^zhengshi] Meanwhile in Nanyang the Yellow Turban Zhang Mancheng had risen with tens of thousands and killed the grand administrator, then camped before Wancheng for over a hundred days. After the grand administrator Qin Jie killed him, the rebels chose Zhao Hong as leader, grew to over a hundred thousand and held Wancheng. Zhu Jun joined the inspector of Jing, Xu Qiu, and Qin Jie with a total of eighteen thousand men and besieged Zhao Hong from the sixth to the eighth month without success. Officials asked to recall him, but the minister of works Zhang Wen argued that changing generals in the field is a taboo of the military art and that Zhu Jun should be given time. Emperor Ling dropped the plan. Zhu Jun pressed the attack and killed Zhao Hong, but the remaining leader Han Zhong again held Wancheng against him. With few troops, he extended the siege, built camps and a mound overlooking the city, and made a show of attacking the southwest with drums, so that the rebels all rushed there while he led five thousand picked men to take the northeast and climb into the city. Han Zhong withdrew into the small city and begged to surrender. His deputy Zhang Chao, Xu Qiu and Qin Jie all wanted to accept, but Zhu Jun said that now the realm is united and only the Yellow Turbans make trouble, so accepting surrender would not encourage good and attacking would punish evil, and that accepting it would only teach the rebels to fight when they were winning and surrender when they were not. He pressed the attack and several battles failed. He then climbed the mound, looked, and said to Zhang Chao that the rebels were tightly ringed outside and crowded inside, with surrender refused and no way out, so they fought to the death, and that even ten thousand of one mind are hard to resist, let alone a hundred thousand. He proposed lifting the siege and entering the city together, so that Han Zhong would come out and, once out, lose heart. After the siege was lifted Han Zhong did sally out, and Zhu Jun broke him and pursued him tens of li, killing over ten thousand, and Han Zhong surrendered. Qin Jie, long resentful, killed him, and the rest, fearing for themselves, chose Sun Xia as leader and again took Wancheng. Zhu Jun attacked at once, Sun Xia fled, and he chased and defeated him again at Mount Jing in Xi'e, killing another ten thousand or so, and the rebels scattered.[^zhengshi] ## After the rebellion and under Dong Zhuo The record says that the next spring an envoy with credentials made Zhu Jun general of chariots and cavalry of the right, and when his army returned to the capital he was made grand master of the palace, had five thousand more households added, and was made Marquis of Qiantang, with the rank of special advance. After leaving office for his mother's mourning, he returned to be director of the imperial workshops and then moved to minister of the privy treasury and minister of the imperial stud. When Zhang Yan of the Black Mountain bandits pressed Henei and threatened the capital, Zhu Jun was sent out as grand administrator of Henei and drove him back with his household troops. He later became grand master of the palace, colonel of the mounted guard, then colonel of the city gates and governor of Henan. When Dong Zhuo held power, he welcomed the veteran general on the surface but feared him in his heart. As the eastern armies grew strong and Dong Zhuo grew afraid, he repeatedly called the ministers to discuss moving the capital to Chang'an, and Zhu Jun each time argued against it. Dong Zhuo disliked this but wanted his famous name and had him named minister of the imperial stud as his deputy. Zhu Jun refused to accept and told the envoy that moving west would disappoint the realm and cause trouble in the east, and that being deputy to the chancellor was beyond his ability and moving the capital was not an urgent matter.[^zhengshi] After Dong Zhuo entered the pass he left Zhu Jun to guard Luoyang, while Zhu Jun secretly allied with the generals east of the mountains, then fled to Jingzhou for fear of attack. When Dong Zhuo put Yang Yi in charge of Henan, Zhu Jun marched back and drove him off, but with Henan ruined he camped at Zhongmou and sent letters asking for troops. The Xu inspector Tao Qian sent three thousand elite troops, and other prefectures sent some help, and Tao Qian recommended him as acting general of chariots and cavalry. Dong Zhuo sent Li Jue and Guo Si with tens of thousands to hold Henan, and Zhu Jun was defeated and did not dare advance again. After Dong Zhuo was killed and Li Jue and Guo Si made trouble, Tao Qian and others recommended Zhu Jun as grand tutor and called on governors to attack Li Jue and welcome the emperor, but Li Jue, following the advice of Zhou Zhong and Jia Xu, summoned Zhu Jun to court. His officers feared entering the pass and wanted to answer Tao Qian, but Zhu Jun said that when a ruler summons you, you do not wait for the carriage, let alone for the emperor's edict, and that Li Jue, Guo Si and Fan Chou were petty and mediocre men of equal strength who would surely fall out, giving him a chance. He declined Tao Qian's plan, answered Li Jue's call and again became minister of the imperial stud.[^zhengshi] ## Later years and death In the fourth year of Chuping he succeeded Zhou Zhong as grand commandant and recorded the affairs of the secretariat. The next autumn he was dismissed over a solar eclipse and then acted as general of agile cavalry with credentials to guard the east of the pass. Before he set out Li Jue killed Fan Chou, Guo Si grew suspicious and attacked Li Jue, and Chang'an fell into disorder, so he did not go and was left as minister of agriculture. Emperor Xian ordered Zhu Jun and about ten others, including the grand commandant Yang Biao, to persuade Guo Si to make peace with Li Jue. Guo Si refused and held Zhu Jun and the others as hostages. Zhu Jun, always strict and unbending, fell ill that same day and died. His son Zhu Hao also had talent and conduct and rose to grand administrator of Yuzhang.[^zhengshi] ## Basic facts - Name: Zhu Jun, courtesy name Gongwei[^zhengshi] - Origin: Shangyu in Kuaiji[^zhengshi] - Life: 149 to 195[^wikidata] - State or dynasty: Eastern Han[^wikidata] - Birthplace recorded: [[place_cn_330604|Shangyu District]][^wikidata] - Derived figure: [[person_cnv_q1146661_q70806|Zhu Jun]] (character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms) /people/zhu-jun-q1146661.html en zh en 149 149 195 195 historical figure person_cn_q11477156 person cui-yong-q11477156 崔勇

Cui Yong is a fictional character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms, a subordinate general of Guo Si. After Emperor Xian's party escaped from Li Jue, he was sent to chase them with troops, and at Huayin county he was cut down in a single bout by Xu Huang, Yang Feng's officer, in Xu Huang's first appearance in the book.[^wikidata][^zhwiki]

published category-literature tag-fictional-character tag-classics wikidata https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11477156 zhwiki https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B4%94%E5%8B%87_(%E4%B8%89%E5%9B%BD%E6%BC%94%E4%B9%89) 2026-10-25 2026-10-25 user:admin 3 Cui Yong is a fictional character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Wikidata's Chinese label is 崔勇 and describes him as a subordinate general of Guo Si, with Han as the dynasty of the work's setting. The Chinese Wikipedia article is titled 崔勇 with the parenthetical (三国演义), which only distinguishes it from others of the same name, so the heading stays as it is.[^wikidata][^zhwiki] ## In the novel According to Chinese Wikipedia's summary, after Emperor Xian's party escaped from Li Jue, Guo Si sent Cui Yong and others to chase them with troops. They had nearly caught up at Huayin county when Yang Feng appeared with troops and guarded the emperor's party. Cui Yong galloped out of Guo Si's army and cursed Yang Feng as a rebel. Yang Feng, angered, turned and called his officer Xu Huang from the ranks, which is Xu Huang's first appearance in the book. Xu Huang met Cui Yong with a great axe in hand, and at the first clash of their horses cut him down. Yang Feng then attacked Guo Si's army and drove it back more than twenty li.[^zhwiki] ## Basic facts - Description: fictional character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms, subordinate general of Guo Si[^wikidata] - Dynasty or state of the work's setting: Han[^wikidata] - Appears in: [[work_cn_q70806|Romance of the Three Kingdoms]] /people/cui-yong-q11477156.html en zh en Character in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms true literary character person_cn_q11477179 person cui-yu-q11477179 崔禹

Cui Yu is a fictional character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms, a subordinate general of Zhu Ran of Eastern Wu, and Wikidata records 221 as his death year within the work. In the battle of Yiling he volunteered to take Zhu Ran's place in the field, fell into an ambush, was captured by Zhang Bao, and was ordered beheaded by Liu Bei at Zigui.[^wikidata][^zhwiki]

published category-literature tag-fictional-character tag-classics wikidata https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11477179 zhwiki https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B4%94%E7%A6%B9 2026-10-25 2026-10-25 user:admin 3 Cui Yu is a fictional character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Both Wikidata and the Chinese Wikipedia article are titled 崔禹, so the heading stays as it is. Wikidata describes him as a general of Eastern Wu, gives the state of the work's setting as Wu, and records his death in 221.[^wikidata][^zhwiki] ## In the novel Chinese Wikipedia says he is a subordinate general of Zhu Ran of Eastern Wu. In the battle of Yiling, Liu Bei's officers Wu Ban, Feng Xi and Zhang Nan decided to raid the camp by night, and a soldier who pretended to surrender secretly told Wu of the planned night attack. Zhu Ran wanted to go out and fight, but Cui Yu said that a common soldier's words could not be fully trusted, volunteered to take Zhu Ran's place in the field, and Zhu Ran held the water camp steady. Cui Yu led ten thousand troops out, fell into an ambush, and was captured by Zhang Bao and taken to Zigui. Liu Bei ordered him beheaded and then attacked Zhu Ran, who fled in rout.[^zhwiki] ## Basic facts - Description: fictional character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms, general of Eastern Wu[^wikidata] - State of the work's setting: Wu[^wikidata] - Death: 221 (within the work)[^wikidata] - Appears in: [[work_cn_q70806|Romance of the Three Kingdoms]] /people/cui-yu-q11477179.html en zh en 221 221 Character in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms true literary character person_cn_q1147803 person zisi-q1147803 子思

Kong Ji, courtesy name Zisi, was a man of Lu in the early Warring States period and a leading representative of Confucianism. He was a grandson of Confucius and a son of Kong Li, and studied under Zengzi. He is called the Transmitter Sage. The Doctrine of the Mean is traditionally attributed to him, though this is hard to confirm, and his own book Zisizi is lost.[^wikidata][^zhwiki]

published category-history tag-ancient-china wikidata https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1147803 zhwiki https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AD%90%E6%80%9D 2026-10-25 2026-10-25 user:admin 3 Kong Ji was a man of Lu in the early Warring States period and a leading representative of Confucianism. Chinese Wikipedia says his courtesy name was Zisi, while Wikidata's Chinese label is 孔伋 and it lists Zisi as another name. Zisi is only a courtesy name, so the heading now uses his personal name, and the English heading uses Wikidata's English alias Kong Ji.[^wikidata][^zhwiki] ## Life Chinese Wikipedia says he was a grandson of Confucius and a son of Kong Li, studied under Zengzi, and served under Duke Mu of Lu. He died around 402 BCE at the age of eighty-two. Wikidata records his birth in 483 BCE and his death in 402 BCE and his state as Lu. This site's earlier structured data gives 482 to 401 BCE, a year different, and this entry does not force the two to agree but reports both as the sources give them.[^wikidata][^zhwiki] ## Teaching and writings The Doctrine of the Mean, one of the Four Books, is traditionally said to be by him, but this is hard to confirm, and his own book Zisizi is lost. Mencius is said to have studied under his disciples or scholars of his school. In Xunzi's chapter Against the Twelve Masters, Zisi and Mencius are put in one group and their theory of the five conducts is criticized as perverse, obscure and unexplained. Later writers therefore pair the two as Si-Meng, and their school is called the Si-Meng school.[^zhwiki] ## Honors and sacrifices The article records that in the Song dynasty Emperor Huizong made him Marquis of Yishui, that in the Yuan Emperor Wenzong made him Duke Shusheng of Yi, and that in the Ming Emperor Shizong made him Duke Shusheng. For this reason he is called the Transmitter Sage, alongside Yan Hui the Restored Sage, Zengzi the Ancestral Sage and Mencius the Second Sage. Because he is a direct ancestor of the Duke Yansheng, later dynasties did not appoint a separate sacrificial official for him, but the second son of the Duke Yansheng held the post, or, if the duke was an only son, the sacrifice was combined with his own.[^zhwiki] ## Basic facts - Name: Kong Ji, courtesy name Zisi[^wikidata][^zhwiki] - Description: Chinese Confucian, grandson of Confucius[^wikidata] - State or dynasty: Lu[^wikidata] - Work: [[work_cn_q519778|The Doctrine of the Mean]] (traditionally attributed)[^zhwiki] /people/zisi-q1147803.html en zh en -482 482 BC -401 401 BC historical figure person_cn_q1147819 person sun-yi-q1147819 孙翊

Sun Yi (184–204), courtesy name Shubi, was a son of Sun Jian and a younger brother of Sun Ce and Sun Quan, of the Wu royal house. The Records of the Three Kingdoms call him fierce and bold like his brother Ce, and say that in the eighth year of Jian'an, at twenty, he became acting grand administrator of Danyang as general of the flank, and was later killed by his attendant Bian Hong.[^wikidata][^zhwiki][^zhengshi]

published category-history tag-ancient-china wikidata https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1147819 zhwiki https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AD%AB%E7%BF%8A zhengshi https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%9C%8B%E5%BF%97/%E5%8D%B751 2026-10-25 2026-10-25 user:admin 3 Sun Yi was a member of the royal house of Eastern Wu at the end of the Eastern Han. The Records of the Three Kingdoms say his courtesy name was Shubi and that he was a younger brother of Sun Quan, so the title stays his personal name. Wikidata also lists the alternative name Sun Yan, and the Dianlüe commentary says his given name was Yan. This entry records his life as 184 to 204.[^wikidata][^zhengshi] ## Origin and temper Chinese Wikipedia says he was from Fuchun in Wu commandery, the third son of Sun Jian and a full younger brother of Sun Ce and Sun Quan. The Records of the Three Kingdoms say he was fierce, bold and decisive, like his brother Ce. The grand administrator Zhu Zhi recommended him as filial and incorrupt, and the minister of works Cao Cao summoned him too. The commentary quoting the Dianlüe says that when Sun Ce was dying, Zhang Zhao and others thought he should hand his troops to Sun Yan, who was Sun Yi and who was like Ce in temper, but Sun Ce called for Sun Quan and gave him the seals. Chinese Wikipedia adds that Sun Yi was severe and impatient and gave free rein to his moods, and that Zhu Zhi often rebuked him on grounds of principle.[^zhengshi][^zhwiki] ## Acting grand administrator of Danyang In the eighth year of Jian'an he became general of the flank and acting grand administrator of Danyang at the age of twenty. The Records say he was later killed by his attendant Bian Hong, who was himself executed at once.[^zhengshi] Chinese Wikipedia gives more detail. After arriving he treated Gui Lan and Dai Yuan with courtesy, men who had hidden in the mountains after Sun Quan killed Sheng Xian, grand administrator of Wu. He made Gui Lan commander of the troops and Dai Yuan assistant to the commandery, but the two wanted revenge for Sheng Xian, grew close to Bian Hong, were criticized by Sun Yi several times, and plotted to kill him. In the ninth year of Jian'an the magistrates of the counties of Danyang came to see him together. His wife Lady Xu cast a divination for the banquet, said the omen was bad and urged him not to hold it, but he did not listen. He normally wore a sword when going in and out, but that day, a little drunk, he saw the guests off unarmed, and Bian Hong cut him down from behind.[^zhwiki] ## His wife's revenge According to Chinese Wikipedia, Bian Hong fled into the mountains and was caught by men Lady Xu sent after him. Gui Lan and Dai Yuan put all the blame on Bian Hong and had him beheaded, but the soldiers of both Sun Yi and Sun Quan held the two men to be the real culprits. Sun He, grand administrator of Lujiang, hurried to Wanling and rebuked them for failing in their duty, and they killed him too. Gui Lan took over Sun Yi's troops, property and concubines and wanted to take Lady Xu as well, who pretended to agree and secretly contacted Sun Yi's officers Sun Gao, Fu Ying and Xu Yuan to kill Gui Lan and Dai Yuan, then made an offering of their heads at Sun Yi's tomb. When Sun Quan reached Danyang with his army he also sacrificed at the tomb in person, promoted Sun Gao and Fu Ying to commanders of the gate, and rewarded them with gold, silver and silk.[^zhwiki] ## Descendants and assessment The Records say his son Sun Song became colonel of the Shesheng guard and Marquis of Duxiang, and died in the third year of Huanglong. Zhuge Liang wrote to his brother Zhuge Jin that Sun Song was a fine vessel and that he wept at the gifts Sun Song had given him; this is said to be reported by Zhuge Liang's adopted son Zhuge Qiao. Chen Shou's assessment is that Sun Yi was fierce, bold and decisive, with the manner of his brother Ce.[^zhengshi][^zhwiki] ## Basic facts - Name: Sun Yi, courtesy name Shubi, also called Sun Yan[^zhengshi][^zhwiki][^wikidata] - Life: 184 to 204[^wikidata] - State or dynasty: Eastern Wu, Eastern Han[^wikidata] - Derived figure: [[person_cn_q123681164|Sun Yi]] (character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms) /people/sun-yi-q1147819.html en zh en 184 184 204 204 historical figure person_cn_q11487635 person zhang-pu-q11487635 张普

Zhang Pu is a fictional character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms, a Wei general under Cao Xiu at the battle of Shiting and the vanguard of Cao Xiu's army. He led twenty thousand men to lie in ambush south of Shiting, ran into Zhu Huan's Wu troops without knowing who they were, and was cut down by Zhu Huan with one stroke of the sword.[^wikidata][^zhwiki]

published category-literature tag-fictional-character tag-classics wikidata https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11487635 zhwiki https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BC%B5%E6%99%AE 2026-10-25 2026-10-25 user:admin 3 Zhang Pu is a fictional character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Wikidata's Chinese label is 張普, written 张普 in simplified characters, and the Chinese Wikipedia article carries the same title, so the heading stays as it is. Wikidata describes him as a military officer of Cao Wei and gives the state of the work's setting as Great Wei.[^wikidata][^zhwiki] ## In the novel Chinese Wikipedia says he was a general under Cao Xiu at the battle of Shiting. As vanguard of Cao Xiu's army he brought several thousand men to fight the Wu troops and rode out calling on the rebel general to surrender early, but when Xu Sheng came out to meet him Zhang Pu could not withstand him and withdrew. Cao Xiu planned to win by a surprise force and ordered Zhang Pu to lie in ambush south of Shiting with twenty thousand men. Lu Xun, for his part, had Zhu Huan and Quan Cong each take thirty thousand men along the mountain roads of Shiting to the rear of Cao Xiu's camp and set it on fire. When Zhu Huan reached the Wei camp he met Zhang Pu's ambush, and Zhang Pu, not knowing they were Wu troops, was cut down by Zhu Huan with one stroke of the sword.[^zhwiki] ## Basic facts - Description: fictional character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Cao Wei military officer[^wikidata] - State of the work's setting: Great Wei[^wikidata] - Appears in: [[work_cn_q70806|Romance of the Three Kingdoms]] /people/zhang-pu-q11487635.html en zh en Character in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms true literary character person_cn_q1148977 person zhu-bajie-q1148977 猪八戒

Zhu Bajie, with the Buddhist name Wuneng, is one of Tang Sanzang's disciples in the classical novel Journey to the West, second in rank, with a pig's face on a human body. In the novel he was Marshal Tianpeng, who commanded the heavenly water forces, and was cast down to earth for harassing Chang'e while drunk and was reborn by mistake in a pig's shape. He became Tang Sanzang's disciple and went to fetch the scriptures, and afterward was named Altar Cleanser.[^wikidata][^zhwiki]

published category-literature tag-fictional-character tag-classics wikidata https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1148977 zhwiki https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8C%AA%E5%85%AB%E6%88%92 2026-10-25 2026-10-25 user:admin 6 Zhu Bajie is a character in Journey to the West. Both Wikidata and the Chinese Wikipedia article are titled 猪八戒. Wikidata also lists several other names for him, among them Zhu Wuneng, Zhu Ganglie, Bajie, Wuneng, Marshal Tianpeng, Altar Cleanser and Idiot, and Chinese Wikipedia says Zhu Ganglie is his original name and Zhu Wuneng a Buddhist name, while Bajie is a name Tang Sanzang gave him later. Because several names stand side by side and each plays a different role, the heading stays as it is rather than being changed to one of them. Wikidata describes him as one of Tang Sanzang's three disciples in Journey to the West, while Chinese Wikipedia counts four disciples, including the white dragon horse.[^wikidata][^zhwiki] ## Appearance and names Chinese Wikipedia says his Buddhist name is Wuneng, he ranks second among Tang Sanzang's disciples, has a pig's face on a human body in the form of a black pig, and Sun Wukong often calls him Idiot. In Wu Cheng'en's text he is described with a snout hanging like a dirty lotus pod, ears like palm fans and golden eyes, tusks as sharp as steel files and a long mouth open like a fire basin, a tusked pig spirit. The article lists his names. Zhu Wuneng is the Buddhist name, Zhu Ganglie is the original name, Idiot is what Sun Wukong calls him, and Grandfather Pig is what he calls himself before demons. In the book the five members of the pilgrim party are matched to the five elements and he belongs to wood, so he is also called Wood Mother, and Marshal Tianpeng is the identity the book gives him before his descent.[^zhwiki] ## His story in the novel In Wu Cheng'en's Journey to the West, Zhu Bajie was Marshal Tianpeng, who commanded eighty thousand soldiers of the Celestial River. At the Peach Banquet he got drunk, harassed the moon goddess Chang'e, knocked over the Palace of the Ox and Dipper, and ate the empress's lingzhi vegetable. The Jade Emperor sentenced him to two thousand blows and cast him down to earth, where he was reborn in the wrong womb and became a pig. He bit a sow to death, killed a herd of pigs, took Fuling Mountain, and lived by eating people, and later married into the household of Luan Erjie of Yunzhan Cave, who died a year later. On Fuling Mountain he met the bodhisattva Guanyin and fought her disciple Muzha, and on Guanyin's guidance became a disciple of the scripture seeker and received the Buddhist name Zhu Wuneng, then kept a vegetarian diet and gave up the five pungent foods and three things disliked, waiting for the seeker. Before meeting Tang Sanzang he married into the Gao village at the border of the land of Wusizang and took Gao Cuilan as his wife. When Tang Sanzang and Sun Wukong passed through the village, Cuilan's parents asked them to catch the monster. After Sun Wukong fought Zhu Wuneng and said he was a disciple of the scripture seeker, Zhu Wuneng agreed to follow, and became Tang Sanzang's disciple, who gave him the further name Zhu Bajie, and they set off for the Western Heaven together.[^zhwiki] On the journey his laziness, greed and lust often put the party in trouble. Twice he urged Tang Sanzang to drive Sun Wukong away, and several times in danger he wanted to divide the baggage and break up the party and go back to Gao Village. After the scriptures were obtained he was named Altar Cleanser bodhisattva because he still had a playful heart and had not lost his lust, and as a subordinate of the Buddha he is in charge of enjoying the offerings made for merit in the human world.[^zhwiki] ## Other versions and weapon The article says that in Yang Jingxian's Yuan zaju Journey to the West, Zhu Bajie was originally a chariot general under Marici, fled to the mortal world, lived in Black Wind Cave and called himself the Black Wind King, and took the form of Master Zhu to marry Pei Haitang. In that play he becomes Tang Sanzang's disciple later than Sha Wujing. In the Ming Later Journey to the West he has a son he has never met, Zhu Yijie, born of Gao Cuilan. He knows the thirty-six transformations and can become a high mountain, a tree, a rock or a giant, but is not good at turning into a woman. His weapon is the Supreme Treasure Gold-Plated Rake, commonly the nine-toothed rake, weighing a store of five thousand and forty-eight jin including the handle, forged by Laozi from divine cold iron with the help of the five emperors and the six ding and six jia spirits.[^zhwiki] ## Origins and folk culture On the origins of the figure, the article gives several views. The Three Kingdoms monk Zhu Shixing had the Buddhist name Bajie, which some take as a source of the name. Lu Xun held that the figure grew out of ancient Chinese myths such as the Soushenji story of the pig's arm and golden bell. Chen Yinke traced him to a great god who turned into a large pig to save a monk in a sutra translated by Yijing. The article also notes that the idea that the prototype was Yao Laoda has no historical basis, and first appeared in Zhu Daoping's 1999 novel Wu Cheng'en. It lists sayings such as Zhu Bajie looking in the mirror, being no human either inside or outside, and notes that some people make offerings to him on the first and fifteenth of each lunar month, and that he has many portrayals in film, television and animation.[^zhwiki] ## Basic facts - Description: one of Tang Sanzang's three disciples in Journey to the West[^wikidata] - Other names: Zhu Wuneng, Zhu Ganglie, Bajie, Wuneng, Marshal Tianpeng, Altar Cleanser, Idiot[^wikidata] - Appears in: [[work_cn_q70784|Journey to the West]] /people/zhu-bajie-q1148977.html en zh en Character in Journey to the West true mythological figure person_cn_q11495067 person murong-lie-q11495067 慕容烈

Murong Lie is a fictional general in Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Chinese Wikipedia calls him a subordinate of Wen Pin, while Wikidata describes him as a subordinate general of Cao Cao and records 219 as his death year within the work. After the battle of Mount Dingjun he blocked Zhao Yun's way and was killed by Zhao Yun with one spear thrust.[^wikidata][^zhwiki]

published category-literature tag-fictional-character tag-classics wikidata https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11495067 zhwiki https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%85%95%E5%AE%B9%E7%83%88 2026-10-25 2026-10-25 user:admin 5 Murong Lie is a fictional general in Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Both Wikidata and the Chinese Wikipedia article are titled 慕容烈, so the heading stays as it is. Wikidata's description is that he is a subordinate general of Cao Cao, the dynasty of the work's setting is given as Han, and his death is recorded in 219. Chinese Wikipedia instead says he is a subordinate of Wen Pin; the two sources do not state his allegiance in quite the same way, and this entry reports both without reconciling them.[^wikidata][^zhwiki] ## In the novel According to Chinese Wikipedia's summary, in the battle of Mount Dingjun, after Huang Zhong killed Xiahou Yuan, Cao Cao raised an army to attack him. Huang Zhong wanted to raid Cao Cao's grain stores but fell for a Cao trap and was surrounded, and Zhao Yun came to rescue him with three thousand men. Zhao Yun levelled his spear and rode straight forward, and the Cao general Murong Lie blocked the road at the head of the column, spurring his horse and wielding his sword to fight Zhao Yun, who killed him with one thrust of the spear. The Cao troops fled, Cao Cao's army was routed, and Zhao Yun rescued Huang Zhong. The article's source is chapter 71 of the novel, in which Huang Zhong wins by waiting at ease while the enemy tires at Mount Zhandui and Zhao Yun wins with few against many on the Han River.[^zhwiki] ## Basic facts - Description: fictional character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms, subordinate general of Cao Cao[^wikidata] - Dynasty or state of the work's setting: Han[^wikidata] - Death: 219 (within the work)[^wikidata] - Appears in: [[work_cn_q70806|Romance of the Three Kingdoms]] /people/murong-lie-q11495067.html en zh en 219 219 Character in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms true literary character person_cn_q1149593 person king-duosi-q1149593 朵思大王

King Duosi is a fictional character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms, a southern tribesman, lord of the Tulong cave and called the wisest man of the south, an ally of Meng Huo. Wikidata records 225 as his death year within the work. He used the terrain and the poisoned springs to hold off Shu, but at Sanjiang city Zhuge Liang's stratagem broke him and he was trampled to death by his own war elephant.[^wikidata][^zhwiki]

published category-literature tag-fictional-character tag-classics wikidata https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1149593 zhwiki https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%B5%E6%80%9D%E5%A4%A7%E7%8E%8B 2026-10-25 2026-10-25 user:admin 3 King Duosi is a fictional character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Wikidata's Chinese label and the Chinese Wikipedia article are both 朵思大王, where 大王 (king) is a title and no single personal name is recorded, so the heading stays as it is. Wikidata describes him as an ally of Meng Huo, gives the dynasty of the work's setting as Shu Han, and records his death in 225.[^wikidata][^zhwiki] ## Identity Chinese Wikipedia says he is a southern tribesman in the novel, lord of the Tulong cave, and the wisest man of the south.[^zhwiki] ## In the novel According to Chinese Wikipedia's summary, after Zhuge Liang had captured Meng Huo four times, Meng Huo's brother Meng You introduced King Duosi to him. King Duosi used the terrain near the Tulong cave to block the Shu army and fought it with the four-eyed poisoned springs. But he got drunk in his camp together with Meng Huo and his brother, and was taken to the enemy camp by Yang Feng, who had gone over to Shu, and was released there. Then, on Meng Huo's orders, he continued to hold Sanjiang city against Zhuge Liang's invasion, defeated the Shu troops with poisoned arrows, and was later sent by Meng Huo to guard the city. Zhuge Liang raised his men's spirits by a stratagem, piled up an earthen wall and broke the city, and King Duosi was trampled to death by his own war elephant.[^zhwiki] ## Basic facts - Description: fictional character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms, ally of Meng Huo[^wikidata] - Dynasty or state of the work's setting: Shu Han[^wikidata] - Death: 225 (within the work)[^wikidata] - Appears in: [[work_cn_q70806|Romance of the Three Kingdoms]] /people/king-duosi-q1149593.html en zh en 225 225 Character in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms true literary character person_cn_q11500143 person great-sage-heaven-q11500143 齐天大圣

The Great Sage, Heaven's Equal is a deity of Chinese folk religion, belonging to the Great Sage cult, and also a title borne by characters in literature, the best known being Sun Wukong in Journey to the West. Scholars cited in the article think the figure may derive from an old monkey-god cult of the Min-Yue region.[^wikidata][^zhwiki]

published category-literature tag-fictional-character tag-classics wikidata https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11500143 zhwiki https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BD%8A%E5%A4%A9%E5%A4%A7%E8%81%96 2026-10-25 2026-10-25 user:admin 3 The Great Sage, Heaven's Equal is a deity of Chinese folk religion and also a title borne by characters in literature. Wikidata describes it as a deity of Chinese folk belief, and the Chinese Wikipedia article, titled 齊天大聖, says it belongs to the Great Sage cult and is a figure often found in literary works, of which Sun Wukong's is the most representative. It is a title and not a person's name, and the article records no single personal name for it, so the heading stays as it is.[^wikidata][^zhwiki] ## Folk belief Chinese Wikipedia says that in Chinese folk religion the Great Sage, Heaven's Equal is one of the important deities, with believers on both sides of the strait and in Hong Kong. The Ancestral Hall of the Great Sage, Heaven's Equal at the Grotto Palace of the Purple Bamboo Grove at Pingshan in Fuzhou is one of the most important sources of the cult in Fujian, and another is Shunchang, where there is the Baoshan Great Sage cult of the Heaven's Equal and the Heaven-Penetrating Great Sage, including a natural monkey-shaped boulder on Baoshan and a shrine and tomb of the two on the summit. Scholars think these were first built at the end of the Yuan or start of the Ming, earlier than Wu Cheng'en's Journey to the West, and so suppose that the prototype of Sun Wukong may come from an original monkey-god cult of the Min-Yue region. Since Journey to the West made the Great Sage, Heaven's Equal a household name, it has been confused with other monkey-god cults, and many local monkey gods are now called by this general name, while some keep their original names, such as the Danxia Great Sage cult of Fuzhou. The article also mentions temples to the Great Sage, Heaven's Equal Sun Wukong, such as the Baikeng Yusheng Temple on Penghu in Taiwan and the Kowloon Great Sage Temple in Hong Kong.[^zhwiki] ## In literature The article lists a number of works. In the Yuan zaju play Erlang Locks the Great Sage, Heaven's Equal, he steals immortal peaches, elixir and a heavenly robe and is pursued by Erlang. In the Yuan zaju Journey to the West he is Sun Wukong's elder brother. In the Yuan zaju The Eight Immortals Cross the Sea, the Eight Immortals and the five Great Sages, among them the Great Sage, Heaven's Equal, are invited to a peony banquet and help defeat the Dragon Kings, and the Ming novel Journey to the East also has him assist the Eight Immortals against the Dragon Kings. In the Ming tale The Loss of Inspector Chen Xin's Wife at Meiling, the villain, the white ape spirit Lord Shenyang, bears the title and lives at Meiling, with two brothers named Heaven-Penetrating Great Sage and Heaven-Filling Great Sage and a sister, the Holy Mother of Sizhou. He kidnaps many women and is finally sent by the Zixiang Perfected Lord's celestial generals to the heavenly prison. In the Ming novel Journey to the West, Sun Wukong is first recruited by heaven and made keeper of the horses, but he is angered by the small post and the insult and leaves heaven, then, on the advice of the Unicorn Demon King, calls himself the Great Sage, Heaven's Equal and swears brotherhood with six other demons who each take a Great Sage title. When heaven recruits him a second time, the Jade Emperor recognizes the title he gave himself. In the Qing short story The Great Sage, Heaven's Equal in Strange Tales from a Chinese Studio, Xu Sheng, trading in Fujian, speaks rudely of the cult, is punished with sickness and his brother's sudden death, and only then believes it.[^zhwiki] ## Basic facts - Description: deity of Chinese folk belief and title of literary characters[^wikidata][^zhwiki] - Other names: Qitian Dasheng Sun Wukong, Great Sage Sun[^wikidata] - Appears in: [[work_cn_q70784|Journey to the West]] /people/great-sage-heaven-q11500143.html en zh en Character in Journey to the West true mythological figure person_cn_q1150793 person yang-feng-q1150793 杨奉

Yang Feng (died 197) was a figure at the end of the Eastern Han, originally a leader of the White Wave bandits in Hedong and later a subordinate of Li Jue. He helped escort Emperor Xian from Chang'an back east to Luoyang and was made general of chariots and cavalry. He later went over to Yuan Shu and Lü Bu and was killed by Liu Bei in 197.[^wikidata][^zhwiki]

published category-history tag-ancient-china wikidata https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1150793 zhwiki https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A5%8A%E5%A5%89 2026-10-25 2026-10-25 user:admin 3 Yang Feng was a general at the end of the Eastern Han. Wikidata's Chinese label is written 楊奉, or 杨奉 in simplified characters, and the Chinese Wikipedia article carries the same title, so the heading stays as it is. Wikidata records his death in April 197 and his state as Eastern Han, and gives his birth only as a century-level date around 200, which this entry does not use.[^wikidata][^zhwiki] ## Background Chinese Wikipedia says he was originally a leader of the White Wave bandits in Hedong and later became a subordinate of Li Jue. He escorted Emperor Xian from Chang'an east to Luoyang and was made general of chariots and cavalry. He afterward went over to Yuan Shu and Lü Bu and was finally killed by Liu Bei.[^zhwiki] ## Escorting the emperor east In the second year of Xingping (195), Li Jue and Guo Si attacked each other after Li Jue killed Fan Chou, and Li Jue took Emperor Xian into his own camp. Yang Feng and Li Jue's officer Song Guo and others wanted to kill Li Jue, but the plot came out, and Yang Feng left Li Jue with his troops and joined Guo Si, which weakened Li Jue's force. After three months of fighting, the general who guards the east, Zhang Ji, came from Hongnong to Chang'an and mediated, and the two agreed to send the emperor back to Luoyang. Yang Feng was made general who raises righteousness and, with Yang Ding, Dong Cheng and Guo Si, escorted the emperor. Near Xinfeng and Baling, Guo Si again wanted to take the emperor to Meixian, but the emperor fled to Yang Feng's army, where Yang Feng and Yang Ding fought and defeated Guo Si, who fled to the Southern Mountains, and Yang Feng and Dong Cheng went on escorting the emperor east.[^zhwiki] Li Jue and Guo Si then regretted letting the emperor go, joined forces to chase him, caught up at Caoyang, and beat Yang Feng's army at Dongjian. Yang Feng urgently called on the former White Wave leaders Han Xian, Hu Cai and Li Le and the Xiongnu worthy king of the left, Qubei, who defeated Li Jue's army, and the party continued east. Li Jue pursued again and defeated Yang Feng and the others, killing many of the officials who accompanied them. The emperor entered Shan, crossed the Yellow River and reached Anyi. In the first year of Jian'an (196), in the seventh month, Yang Feng and Dong Cheng successfully escorted the emperor back to Luoyang, and Yang Feng was made general of chariots and cavalry and later stationed separately at Liangxian.[^zhwiki] ## Defeat by Cao Cao, then Yuan Shu and Lü Bu That year Cao Cao came to Luoyang to take the emperor to Xu, and Yang Feng went out to intercept him but could not catch up. After settling the emperor at Xu, Cao Cao attacked Yang Feng in the tenth month, defeated him heavily, and Yang Feng's subordinate Xu Huang surrendered to Cao Cao. Yang Feng fled south to Yuan Shu and Cao Cao took Liangxian. With Han Xian he then led troops in Yang and Xu provinces and was cruel and unrestrained. In the second year of Jian'an (197) Yuan Shu planned to take the imperial title and asked Lü Bu for a marriage, but Lü Bu, under Chen Gui's influence, refused him and went over to Cao Cao. Yuan Shu sent his general Zhang Xun with Yang Feng and Han Xian to attack Lü Bu. On Chen Gui's advice Lü Bu sent men to persuade Yang Feng and Han Xian to turn on Yuan Shu, with the promise of all the spoils, and they agreed and defeated Zhang Xun. The two then joined Lü Bu in advancing by land and water on Yuan Shu's base at Shouchun, plundering as they went as far as Zhongli before they turned back.[^zhwiki] ## Killed by Liu Bei The article also says that in the same year the army of Han Xian and Yang Feng ran short of grain, and Yang Feng, hearing that Liu Bei resented Lü Bu, secretly agreed with Liu Bei to attack Lü Bu together. Liu Bei pretended to agree, and when Yang Feng led his troops to see him in Pei, Liu Bei invited him into the city for a meal and had him seized and killed at the table.[^zhwiki] ## Basic facts - Death: 197[^wikidata][^zhwiki] - State or dynasty: Eastern Han[^wikidata] - Derived figure: [[person_cn_q123750953|Yang Feng]] (character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms) /people/yang-feng-q1150793.html en zh en 197 197 historical figure en 5 50 1905 39 /en/people-4.xml?type=person /en/people-6.xml?type=person