{ "contentStorage": "postgres", "sameNames": [ { "id": "person_cn_q11091010", "type": "person", "title": "Cao E", "slug": "cao-e", "aliases": [ "曹娥" ], "summary": "Cao E (130 – 143) was a filial daughter of the Eastern Han from Shangyu in Kuaiji. In the second year of Han'an her father Cao Xu drowned in the river during a rite, and his body was not found. At fourteen she wept along the river for seventeen days and then threw herself in. In the first year of Yuanjia the magistrate Du Shang reburied her and set up a stele, and she came to be honored as a water spirit.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q11091010", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11091010" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "曹娥（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9B%B9%E5%A8%A5" }, { "id": "zhengshi", "title": "后汉书·卷84（维基文库）", "url": "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E5%BE%8C%E6%BC%A2%E6%9B%B8/%E5%8D%B784" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:21:53+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 7, "body": "Cao E was a filial daughter of the Eastern Han. The Book of the Later Han, in its biographies of exemplary women, calls her the filial daughter Cao E of Shangyu in Kuaiji. Wikidata gives her Chinese label as Cao E and records her as born in 130 and dead in 143, with her birth place at Shangyu, so the title stays the personal name.[^wikidata][^zhengshi][^zhwiki]\n\n## Her father's drowning and her death\n\nThe Book of the Later Han says her father, named Xu, could play and sing and served as a ritual invocator. On the fifth day of the fifth month of the second year of Han'an, he drowned in the county river while going against the waves to meet a spirit, and his body was not found. Cao E was fourteen. She followed the river weeping day and night without a break, and on the seventeenth day she threw herself into the river and died.[^zhengshi]\n\nThe Chinese Wikipedia article tells it a little differently. It says Cao Xu was a shaman who, at the Dragon Boat festival, took a boat out on the Shun River to meet the tide god Wu Zixu and was drowned. After Cao E drowned herself, five days later her body surfaced holding her father's body. In memory of her filial virtue the villagers renamed the Shun River the Cao E River and made her a water spirit. This is the later account. The Book of the Later Han does not mention the bodies surfacing together or the renaming.[^zhwiki]\n\n## The stele and remembrance\n\nThe Book of the Later Han records that in the first year of Yuanjia the county magistrate Du Shang reburied Cao E beside the road on the south side of the river and set up a stele for her.[^zhengshi] The Chinese Wikipedia article adds that Du Shang first built the Cao E temple and had his pupil Handan Zili, that is Handan Chun, write the inscription. The inscription was praised for its fine phrasing, with the words jue miao hao ci, and is built as a riddle. According to the Shishuo xinyu, Cao Cao once tried to guess it together with Yang Xiu. In 1110 she was granted the title Lady of Spiritual Filial Piety, in 1808 Lady of Blessed Response, and in 1865 the title of Lady of Spiritual Response was added.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Name: Cao E[^zhengshi]\n- Dates recorded on this entry: 130–143[^wikidata]\n- Birthplace: [[place_cn_330604|Shangyu District]][^wikidata]\n- Realm: Eastern Han[^wikidata]\n- Portrayal: [[person_cnv_q11091010_q70806|Cao E]] (a character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms)", "url": "/people/cao-e.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "birth": { "year": 130, "display": "130" }, "death": { "year": 143, "display": "143" }, "personCategory": "historical figure" } ], "basedOn": [ { "id": "person_cn_q11091010", "type": "person", "title": "Cao E", "slug": "cao-e", "aliases": [ "曹娥" ], "summary": "Cao E (130 – 143) was a filial daughter of the Eastern Han from Shangyu in Kuaiji. In the second year of Han'an her father Cao Xu drowned in the river during a rite, and his body was not found. At fourteen she wept along the river for seventeen days and then threw herself in. In the first year of Yuanjia the magistrate Du Shang reburied her and set up a stele, and she came to be honored as a water spirit.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q11091010", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11091010" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "曹娥（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9B%B9%E5%A8%A5" }, { "id": "zhengshi", "title": "后汉书·卷84（维基文库）", "url": "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E5%BE%8C%E6%BC%A2%E6%9B%B8/%E5%8D%B784" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:21:53+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 7, "body": "Cao E was a filial daughter of the Eastern Han. The Book of the Later Han, in its biographies of exemplary women, calls her the filial daughter Cao E of Shangyu in Kuaiji. Wikidata gives her Chinese label as Cao E and records her as born in 130 and dead in 143, with her birth place at Shangyu, so the title stays the personal name.[^wikidata][^zhengshi][^zhwiki]\n\n## Her father's drowning and her death\n\nThe Book of the Later Han says her father, named Xu, could play and sing and served as a ritual invocator. On the fifth day of the fifth month of the second year of Han'an, he drowned in the county river while going against the waves to meet a spirit, and his body was not found. Cao E was fourteen. She followed the river weeping day and night without a break, and on the seventeenth day she threw herself into the river and died.[^zhengshi]\n\nThe Chinese Wikipedia article tells it a little differently. It says Cao Xu was a shaman who, at the Dragon Boat festival, took a boat out on the Shun River to meet the tide god Wu Zixu and was drowned. After Cao E drowned herself, five days later her body surfaced holding her father's body. In memory of her filial virtue the villagers renamed the Shun River the Cao E River and made her a water spirit. This is the later account. The Book of the Later Han does not mention the bodies surfacing together or the renaming.[^zhwiki]\n\n## The stele and remembrance\n\nThe Book of the Later Han records that in the first year of Yuanjia the county magistrate Du Shang reburied Cao E beside the road on the south side of the river and set up a stele for her.[^zhengshi] The Chinese Wikipedia article adds that Du Shang first built the Cao E temple and had his pupil Handan Zili, that is Handan Chun, write the inscription. The inscription was praised for its fine phrasing, with the words jue miao hao ci, and is built as a riddle. According to the Shishuo xinyu, Cao Cao once tried to guess it together with Yang Xiu. In 1110 she was granted the title Lady of Spiritual Filial Piety, in 1808 Lady of Blessed Response, and in 1865 the title of Lady of Spiritual Response was added.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Name: Cao E[^zhengshi]\n- Dates recorded on this entry: 130–143[^wikidata]\n- Birthplace: [[place_cn_330604|Shangyu District]][^wikidata]\n- Realm: Eastern Han[^wikidata]\n- Portrayal: [[person_cnv_q11091010_q70806|Cao E]] (a character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms)", "url": "/people/cao-e.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "birth": { "year": 130, "display": "130" }, "death": { "year": 143, "display": "143" }, "personCategory": "historical figure" } ], "namePrimary": { "person_cn_q11091010": true }, "title": "Cao E", "description": "Cao E as a character in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms, based on the historical Cao E.", "url": "/en/people/cao-e-sanguo.html", "entity": { "id": "person_cnv_q11091010_q70806", "type": "person", "title": "Cao E", "slug": "cao-e-sanguo", "aliases": [ "曹娥" ], "summary": "Cao E as a character in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms, based on the historical Cao E.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-literature", "category-people", "category-fictional-characters" ], "tags": [ "tag-fictional-character", "tag-classics", "tag-four-great-classics" ], "sources": [ { "id": "evidence", "title": "三国演义角色列表（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/三国演义角色列表" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T16:30:03+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 4, "body": "## Portrayal\n\nPortrayal in [[work_cn_q70806|The Romance of the Three Kingdoms]] of the historical person [[person_cn_q11091010|Cao E]][^evidence].", "url": "/people/cao-e-sanguo.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "disambiguation": "Character in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms", "isFictional": true, "personCategory": "literary character" }, "entities": null, "tags": [ { "id": "tag-fictional-character", "slug": "fictional-character", "name": "Fictional character", "description": "Fictional or literary characters from classic works.", "names": { "ar": "شخصية أدبية", "de": "Literarische Figur", "en": "Fictional character", "es": "Personaje literario", "fr": "Personnage littéraire", "hi": "साहित्यिक पात्र", "id": "Tokoh sastra", "it": "Personaggio letterario", "ja": "文学上の人物", "ko": "문학 인물", "ms": "Watak sastera", "nl": "Literair personage", "pt": "Personagem literária", "ru": "Литературный персонаж", "th": "ตัวละครวรรณกรรม", "tr": "Edebî karakter", "vi": "Nhân vật văn học", "zh": "文学人物", "zh-hant": "文學人物" }, "descriptions": { "ar": "شخصيات خيالية أو أدبية من الأعمال الكلاسيكية.", "de": "Fiktive oder literarisierte Figuren aus klassischen Werken.", "en": "Fictional or literary characters from classic works.", "es": "Personajes ficticios o literarios de obras clásicas.", "fr": "Personnages fictifs ou littéraires d'œuvres classiques.", "hi": "शास्त्रीय कृतियों के काल्पनिक या साहित्यिक पात्र।", "id": "Tokoh fiktif atau sastrawi dari karya klasik.", "it": "Personaggi fittizi o letterari di opere classiche.", "ja": "古典名著に登場する架空または文学化された人物。", "ko": "고전 명저에 등장하는 허구적·문학적 인물.", "ms": "Watak rekaan atau bersifat sastera daripada karya klasik.", "nl": "Fictieve of literaire personages uit klassieke werken.", "pt": "Personagens fictícias ou literárias de obras clássicas.", "ru": "Вымышленные или литературные персонажи классических произведений.", "th": "ตัวละครสมมติหรือเชิงวรรณกรรมจากวรรณกรรมคลาสสิก", "tr": "Klasik eserlerdeki kurmaca veya edebî karakterler.", "vi": "Nhân vật hư cấu hoặc mang tính văn học trong tác phẩm cổ điển.", "zh": "古典名著中的虚构或文学化人物。", "zh-hant": "古典名著中的虛構或文學化人物。" }, "count": 1026 }, { "id": "tag-classics", "slug": "classics", "name": "Classics", "description": "Classic works and novels of pre-modern China.", "names": { "ar": "كلاسيكيات", "de": "Klassiker", "en": "Classics", "es": "Clásicos", "fr": "Classiques", "hi": "शास्त्रीय कृतियाँ", "id": "Karya klasik", "it": "Classici", "ja": "古典名著", "ko": "고전 명저", "ms": "Karya klasik", "nl": "Klassiekers", "pt": "Clássicos", "ru": "Классика", "th": "วรรณกรรมคลาสสิก", "tr": "Klasik eserler", "vi": "Tác phẩm cổ điển", "zh": "古典名著", "zh-hant": "古典名著" }, "descriptions": { "ar": "الأعمال الكلاسيكية والروايات في الصين ما قبل الحديثة.", "de": "Klassische Werke und Romane des vormodernen China.", "en": "Classic works and novels of pre-modern China.", "es": "Obras clásicas y novelas de la China premoderna.", "fr": "Œuvres classiques et romans de la Chine prémoderne.", "hi": "पूर्व-आधुनिक चीन की शास्त्रीय कृतियाँ और उपन्यास।", "id": "Karya klasik dan novel Tiongkok pra-modern.", "it": "Opere classiche e romanzi della Cina premoderna.", "ja": "中国古代の古典的な著作と小説。", "ko": "중국 고대의 고전 저술과 소설.", "ms": "Karya klasik dan novel China pramoden.", "nl": "Klassieke werken en romans uit het premoderne China.", "pt": "Obras clássicas e romances da China pré-moderna.", "ru": "Классические произведения и романы традиционного Китая.", "th": "วรรณกรรมและนวนิยายคลาสสิกของจีนก่อนยุคใหม่", "tr": "Modern öncesi Çin'in klasik eserleri ve romanları.", "vi": "Các tác phẩm và tiểu thuyết cổ điển của Trung Quốc tiền hiện đại.", "zh": "中国古代经典著作与小说。", "zh-hant": "中國古代經典著作與小說。" }, "count": 1077 }, { "id": "tag-four-great-classics", "slug": "four-great-classics", "name": "Four Great Classical Novels", "description": "Dream of the Red Chamber, Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Water Margin, Journey to the West, and their characters.", "names": { "ar": "الروايات الكلاسيكية الأربع العظيمة", "de": "Vier klassische Romane", "en": "Four Great Classical Novels", "es": "Cuatro grandes novelas clásicas", "fr": "Quatre grands romans classiques", "hi": "चार महान शास्त्रीय उपन्यास", "id": "Empat Novel Klasik Besar", "it": "Quattro grandi romanzi classici", "ja": "中国四大名著", "ko": "중국 4대 명저", "ms": "Empat Novel Klasik Agung", "nl": "Vier grote klassieke romans", "pt": "Quatro grandes romances clássicos", "ru": "Четыре классических романа", "th": "สี่สุดยอดวรรณกรรมคลาสสิก", "tr": "Dört Büyük Klasik Roman", "vi": "Tứ đại danh tác", "zh": "四大名著", "zh-hant": "四大名著" }, "descriptions": { "ar": "حلم المقصورة الحمراء، ورومانسية الممالك الثلاث، وعلى ضفاف الماء، ورحلة إلى الغرب وشخصياتها.", "de": "Der Traum der Roten Kammer, Die Geschichte der Drei Reiche, Die Räuber vom Liang-Schan-Moor, Die Reise nach Westen und ihre Figuren.", "en": "Dream of the Red Chamber, Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Water Margin, Journey to the West, and their characters.", "es": "Sueño en el pabellón rojo, Romance de los Tres Reinos, A la orilla del agua, Viaje al Oeste y sus personajes.", "fr": "Le Rêve dans le pavillon rouge, Les Trois Royaumes, Au bord de l'eau, La Pérégrination vers l'Ouest et leurs personnages.", "hi": "रेड चैंबर का सपना, तीन राज्यों का रोमांस, वॉटर मार्जिन, पश्चिम की यात्रा और उनके पात्र।", "id": "Impian Paviliun Merah, Kisah Tiga Negara, Batas Air, Perjalanan ke Barat, dan tokoh-tokohnya.", "it": "Il sogno della camera rossa, Il romanzo dei Tre Regni, I briganti, Il viaggio in Occidente e i loro personaggi.", "ja": "『紅楼夢』『三国志演義』『水滸伝』『西遊記』とその登場人物。", "ko": "《홍루몽》《삼국지연의》《수호전》《서유기》와 그 등장인물.", "ms": "Impian Bilik Merah, Kisah Tiga Kerajaan, Batas Air, Perjalanan ke Barat dan watak-wataknya.", "nl": "De droom van de rode kamer, De Drie Koninkrijken, De waterkant, De reis naar het westen en hun personages.", "pt": "O Sonho da Câmara Vermelha, Romance dos Três Reinos, À Beira d'Água, Jornada ao Oeste e seus personagens.", "ru": "«Сон в красном тереме», «Троецарствие», «Речные заводи», «Путешествие на Запад» и их персонажи.", "th": "ความฝันในหอแดง สามก๊ก ซ้องกั๋ง ไซอิ๋ว และตัวละครในเรื่อง", "tr": "Kızıl Köşkün Rüyası, Üç Krallık Romansı, Su Kenarı, Batıya Yolculuk ve karakterleri.", "vi": "Hồng lâu mộng, Tam quốc diễn nghĩa, Thủy hử, Tây du ký và các nhân vật.", "zh": "《红楼梦》《三国演义》《水浒传》《西游记》及其人物。", "zh-hant": "《紅樓夢》《三國演義》《水滸傳》《西遊記》及其人物。" }, "count": 572 } ], "relations": [ { "id": "relation_cnportray_q11091010_q70806", "fromId": "person_cnv_q11091010_q70806", "relationType": "based_on", "toId": "person_cn_q11091010", "note": "作品中的人物形象，原型为该历史人物。", "sourceRefs": [ { "entityId": "person_cnv_q11091010_q70806", "sourceId": "evidence" } ], "label": "Based on", "targetId": "person_cn_q11091010", "targetTitle": "Cao E", "targetUrl": "/en/people/cao-e.html", "incoming": false }, { "id": "relation_cnworks_depicts_q70806_q11091010", "fromId": "work_cn_q70806", "relationType": "depicts", "toId": "person_cnv_q11091010_q70806", "sourceRefs": [ { "entityId": "work_cn_q70806", "sourceId": "zhwiki-characters" } ], "label": "Related works", "targetId": "work_cn_q70806", "targetTitle": "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms", "targetUrl": "/en/works/romance-three-kingdoms.html", "incoming": true } ], "mentions": [ { "fromId": "person_cn_q11091010", "fromTitle": "Cao E", "fromUrl": "/en/people/cao-e.html", "fromType": "person" } ], "versions": [ { "revision": 4, "updatedAt": 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