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  <title>Ferdinand Verbiest · Relations</title>
  <description>Ferdinand Verbiest (9 October 1623 – 28 January 1688), Flemish Jesuit missionary in Qing dynasty China (1623–1688).</description>
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      <alias>南怀仁</alias>
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    <summary>Ferdinand Verbiest (9 October 1623 – 28 January 1688), Flemish Jesuit missionary in Qing dynasty China (1623–1688).</summary>
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        <title>Wikidata Q378277</title>
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        <title>南怀仁（维基百科）</title>
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        <title>清史稿·卷272（维基文库）</title>
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    <createdAt>2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00</createdAt>
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    <body>## Official history&#xA;&#xA;&gt; 南懷仁等復呈告光先依附鼇拜，將歷代所用洪範五行稱為滅蠻經，致李祖白等無辜被戮，援引吳明烜誣告湯若望謀叛。下議政王等議，坐光先斬，上以光先老，貸其死，遣回籍，道卒。刑部議明烜坐奏事不實，當杖流，上命笞四十釋之。&#xA;&#xA;— 清史稿·卷272[^zhengshi]&#xA;&#xA;## Basic facts&#xA;&#xA;- Born: 9 October 1623[^wikidata]&#xA;- Died: 28 January 1688[^wikidata]</body>
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