{ "contentStorage": "postgres", "sameNames": [ { "id": "person_cn_q123771083", "type": "person", "title": "Lady Gan", "slug": "lady-gan-sanguo-q123771083", "aliases": [ "昭烈皇后" ], "summary": "Lady Gan as a character in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms, based on the historical Lady Gan.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-literature", "category-people", "category-fictional-characters" ], "tags": [ "tag-fictional-character", "tag-classics", "tag-four-great-classics" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q123771083", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123771083" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T16:52:44+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 5, "body": "## Portrayal\n\nPortrayal in [[work_cn_q70806|The Romance of the Three Kingdoms]] of the historical person [[person_cn_q1064069|Lady Gan]][^wikidata].", "url": "/people/lady-gan-sanguo-q123771083.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "disambiguation": "Character in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms", "isFictional": true, "personCategory": "literary character" } ], "title": "Gan Mei", "description": "Gan Mei (died 210), by the Chinese Wikipedia account of the Gan family and given name Mei, came from Pei and was taken as a concubine by Liu Bei at Xiaopei, bearing the later ruler Liu Shan. She was saved by Zhao Yun at Changban, was buried in Nan commandery, and was posthumously titled Empress Zhaolie at Zhuge Liang's request, to be buried with Liu Bei.", "url": "/en/people/lady-gan.html", "entity": { "id": "person_cn_q1064069", "type": "person", "title": "Gan Mei", "slug": "lady-gan", "aliases": [ "昭烈皇后" ], "summary": "Gan Mei (died 210), by the Chinese Wikipedia account of the Gan family and given name Mei, came from Pei and was taken as a concubine by Liu Bei at Xiaopei, bearing the later ruler Liu Shan. She was saved by Zhao Yun at Changban, was buried in Nan commandery, and was posthumously titled Empress Zhaolie at Zhuge Liang's request, to be buried with Liu Bei.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q1064069", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1064069" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "昭烈皇后 (蜀汉)（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%98%AD%E7%83%88%E7%9A%87%E5%90%8E_(%E8%9C%80%E6%BC%A2)" }, { "id": "zhengshi", "title": "三国志/卷34（维基文库）", "url": "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%9C%8B%E5%BF%97/%E5%8D%B734" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:20:45+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 9, "body": "Gan Mei was a concubine of Liu Bei and the mother of Liu Shan, later honored as Empress Zhaolie. The Records of the Three Kingdoms say only that the First Lord's Empress Gan was from Pei, and give no personal name for her. The opening of the Chinese Wikipedia article says that she was of the Gan family and named Mei, and notes that the Gazetteer of Kuizhou Prefecture gives the name Gan Mei. This name appears in a local gazetteer and not in the standard history, so it is used here as the article records it, with that qualification stated first. Wikidata's Chinese label is 昭烈皇后, with Lady Gan as an alias, and it records her death in 210 and birthplace Pei County. Zhaolie is a posthumous title and Lady Gan is a kin form of address, so neither is a personal name.[^wikidata][^zhengshi][^zhwiki]\n\n## Taken as a concubine\n\nThe Records say that when Liu Bei was governor of Yu province and stayed at Xiaopei, he took her as a concubine. Liu Bei lost his principal wives several times, and she often managed the household. She followed him to Jingzhou and bore the later ruler Liu Shan. The article dates Liu Shan's birth to the twelfth year of Jian'an, 207.[^zhengshi][^zhwiki]\n\n## Changban at Dangyang\n\nWhen Cao Cao's army caught up with Liu Bei at Changban in Dangyang, the situation was desperate and Liu Bei abandoned her and the infant, and they were saved only through the protection of Zhao Yun.[^zhengshi][^zhwiki]\n\n## Death and posthumous titles\n\nThe Records say that she later died and was buried in Nan commandery. In the second year of Zhangwu, 222, she was posthumously titled Lady Huangsi, and was to be moved to Shu, but Liu Bei died at Baidi before her coffin arrived. The chancellor Zhuge Liang submitted that Lady Huangsi had conducted herself with virtue and cultivated and guarded her person, that by the principle of the Spring and Autumn Annals a mother is honored through her son, and, citing precedents such as the high emperor's honoring of his mother and Emperor He's reburial of Lady Liang, proposed with Lai Gong, the minister of ceremonies, the title Empress Zhaolie under the rules for posthumous names, and asked that she be buried with Liu Bei. The edict approved. Wikidata records her place of death as Gong'an County and the year as 210.[^wikidata][^zhengshi]\n\n## Other statements in the article\n\nChinese Wikipedia also notes that a tomb of Lady Gan stands in today's Fengjie County, so some hold that Liu Bei was also buried at Fengjie and not returned to Chengdu, and it says that the Zizhi Tongjian's note under Yanxi 8 that Empress Dowager Gan died is a mistake, since the dowager who died that year must have been Liu Shan's stepmother, Empress Dowager Wu. It also cites the Shiyi Ji, which says she was poor but outstandingly beautiful, was taken as a concubine by Liu Bei at eighteen, and urged him to remove a jade statue so as not to waste his will on a toy, while adding that this report is doubtful because Wu and Wei had not yet been founded when she died.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Name: of the Gan family, given name Mei (from the Gazetteer of Kuizhou Prefecture, as cited in Chinese Wikipedia)[^zhwiki]\n- Titles: Empress Zhaolie (posthumous), Lady Huangsi; kin form of address: Lady Gan[^zhengshi][^wikidata]\n- Origin: Pei[^zhengshi]\n- Spouse: Liu Bei; child: Liu Shan[^wikidata][^zhengshi]\n- Died: 210[^wikidata]\n- Dynasty or state: Shu Han[^wikidata]\n- Birthplace: [[place_cn_320322|Pei County]][^wikidata]\n- Portrayal: [[person_cn_q123771083|昭烈皇后]] (character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms)", "url": "/people/lady-gan.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "death": { "year": 210, "display": "210" }, "personCategory": "historical figure" }, "entities": null, "tags": [ { "id": "tag-ancient-china", "slug": "ancient-china", "name": "Ancient China", "description": "History, people and administrative divisions from the pre-Qin era to the Qing dynasty.", "names": { "ar": "الصين القديمة", "de": "Das alte China", "en": "Ancient China", "es": "China antigua", "fr": "Chine ancienne", "hi": "प्राचीन चीन", "id": "Tiongkok kuno", "it": "Cina antica", "ja": "中国古代", "ko": "중국 고대", "ms": "China purba", "nl": "Het oude China", "pt": "China antiga", "ru": "Древний Китай", "th": "จีนโบราณ", "tr": "Antik Çin", "vi": "Trung Quốc cổ đại", "zh": "中国古代", "zh-hant": "中國古代" }, "descriptions": { "ar": "التاريخ والشخصيات والتقسيمات الإدارية من عصر ما قبل تشين إلى أسرة تشينغ.", "de": "Geschichte, Personen und Verwaltungsgliederung von der Zeit vor Qin bis zur Qing-Dynastie.", "en": "History, people and administrative divisions from the pre-Qin era to the Qing dynasty.", "es": "Historia, personajes y divisiones administrativas desde la era pre-Qin hasta la dinastía Qing.", "fr": "Histoire, personnages et divisions administratives de l'époque pré-Qin à la dynastie Qing.", "hi": "चिन-पूर्व काल से चिंग राजवंश तक का इतिहास, व्यक्ति और प्रशासनिक विभाजन।", "id": "Sejarah, tokoh, dan pembagian administratif dari era pra-Qin hingga Dinasti Qing.", "it": "Storia, personaggi e divisioni amministrative dall'epoca pre-Qin alla dinastia Qing.", "ja": "先秦から清代までの歴史・人物・行政区画。", "ko": "先秦부터 청대까지의 역사·인물·행정 구역.", "ms": "Sejarah, tokoh dan bahagian pentadbiran dari zaman pra-Qin hingga Dinasti Qing.", "nl": "Geschiedenis, personen en bestuurlijke indeling van de pre-Qin-periode tot de Qing-dynastie.", "pt": "História, personagens e divisões administrativas da era pré-Qin até à dinastia Qing.", "ru": "История, персоналии и административное деление от доциньской эпохи до династии Цин.", "th": "ประวัติศาสตร์ บุคคล และเขตการปกครองตั้งแต่ยุคก่อนฉินจนถึงราชวงศ์ชิง", "tr": "Qin öncesi dönemden Qing hanedanına kadar tarih, kişiler ve idari bölümler.", "vi": "Lịch sử, nhân vật và đơn vị hành chính từ thời Tiền Tần đến nhà Thanh.", "zh": "先秦至清代的历史、人物与政区。", "zh-hant": "先秦至清代的歷史、人物與政區。" }, "count": 1097 } ], "relations": [ { "id": "relation_cnpeople_born_q1064069", "fromId": "person_cn_q1064069", "relationType": "born_in", "toId": "place_cn_320322", "sourceRefs": [ { "entityId": "person_cn_q1064069", "sourceId": "wikidata" } ], "label": "Born in", "targetId": "place_cn_320322", "targetTitle": "Pei County", "targetUrl": "/en/places/pei.html", "incoming": false }, { "id": "relation_cnportray_q123771083", "fromId": "person_cn_q123771083", "relationType": "based_on", "toId": "person_cn_q1064069", "note": "作品中的人物形象，原型为该历史人物。", "sourceRefs": [ { "entityId": "person_cn_q123771083", "sourceId": "wikidata" } ], "label": "Portrayals", "targetId": "person_cn_q123771083", "targetTitle": "Lady Gan", "targetUrl": "/en/people/lady-gan-sanguo-q123771083.html", "incoming": true } ], "mentions": [ { "fromId": "person_cn_q123771083", "fromTitle": "Lady Gan", "fromUrl": "/en/people/lady-gan-sanguo-q123771083.html", "fromType": "person" } ], "versions": [ { "revision": 9, "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:20:45+08:00", "message": "当前版本", "hasSnapshot": true, "url": "/en/people/lady-gan/at/9.html" } ], "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "infoFields": [ { "key": "death_date", "label": "Death", "value": "210" }, { "key": "person_category", "label": "Person category", "value": "historical figure" } ], "relationsTotal": 2, "relationCounts": [ { "relationType": "born_in", "incoming": false, "label": "Born in", "total": 1 }, { "relationType": "based_on", "incoming": true, "label": "Portrayals", "total": 1 } ], "mentionsTotal": 1 }