{ "contentStorage": "postgres", "sameNames": [ { "id": "person_cn_q123786584", "type": "person", "title": "Qiao Rui", "slug": "qiao-rui-sanguo", "aliases": [ "桥蕤" ], "summary": "Qiao Rui as a character in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms, based on the historical Qiao Rui.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-literature", "category-people", "category-fictional-characters" ], "tags": [ "tag-fictional-character", "tag-classics", "tag-four-great-classics" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q123786584", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123786584" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T16:52:13+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 7, "body": "## Portrayal\n\nPortrayal in [[work_cn_q70806|The Romance of the Three Kingdoms]] of the historical person [[person_cn_q1042908|Qiao Rui]][^wikidata].", "url": "/people/qiao-rui-sanguo.html", "lang": "en", "sourceLang": "zh", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "disambiguation": "Character in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms", "isFictional": true, "personCategory": "literary character" } ], "title": "Qiao Rui", "description": "Qiao Rui (died 197) was a general of Yuan Shu at the end of the Eastern Han, given the rank of grand general. In 197 Cao Cao marched in person, Yuan Shu fled, and Qiao Rui was among the generals left behind and killed. The cited article says he is the same man as the form written with the surname character 乔, so the title stays Qiao Rui.", "url": "/en/people/qiao-rui.html", "entity": { "id": "person_cn_q1042908", "type": "person", "title": "Qiao Rui", "slug": "qiao-rui", "aliases": [ "桥蕤" ], "summary": "Qiao Rui (died 197) was a general of Yuan Shu at the end of the Eastern Han, given the rank of grand general. In 197 Cao Cao marched in person, Yuan Shu fled, and Qiao Rui was among the generals left behind and killed. The cited article says he is the same man as the form written with the surname character 乔, so the title stays Qiao Rui.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q1042908", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1042908" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "桥蕤（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A9%8B%E8%95%A4" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:19:29+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 7, "body": "Qiao Rui was a commander under Yuan Shu at the end of the Eastern Han. Wikidata's simplified Chinese label is Qiao Rui, and the English label is Qiao Rui. The cited article says that this Qiao Rui and the same name written with the surname character 乔 are one person, so the title stays Qiao Rui. This entry dates his death to 197.[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n\n## Under Yuan Shu\n\nYuan Shu made him grand general. In the fourth year of Chuping (193) he joined Yuan Shu in attacking Qiyang, in Cao Cao's territory. Yuan Shu wanted to send He Kui to urge a surrender. He Kui refused and hid on Qian Mountain. In the first year of Xingping (194) Sun Ce attached himself to Yuan Shu, who returned Sun Jian's old troops to him. Qiao Rui and Zhang Xun both treated Sun Ce with respect.[^zhwiki]\n\n## The second year of Jian'an\n\nIn the second year of Jian'an (197) Yuan Shu took the imperial title in Huainan and called his regime Zhongjia. He sought a marriage alliance with Lü Bu, and Lü Bu first agreed. The envoy Han Yin announced the imperial claim and came to fetch the bride. Chen Gui, chancellor of Pei, feared a union of Xu province and Yang province and persuaded Lü Bu to refuse. Lü Bu also resented Yuan Shu's earlier failure to help him. He recalled the daughter already on the road, sent Han Yin in custody to Xu, and Cao Cao had Han Yin beheaded. Yuan Shu sent his generals Zhang Xun and Qiao Rui, with the White Wave leaders Han Xian and Yang Feng, in seven columns of infantry and cavalry against Lü Bu. Lü Bu had few troops. On Chen Gui's plan he wrote to Han Xian and Yang Feng, urging them to turn on Yuan Shu, and he sent them military supplies. They were pleased, joined Lü Bu, and smashed Zhang Xun at Xiapi. Cao Cao then marched in person. When Yuan Shu heard it he abandoned his army and fled back to Huainan, leaving Qiao Rui, Li Feng, Liang Gang, and Yue Jiu. The article says Cao Cao's general Yu Jin captured these four alive and beheaded them all. The rest scattered, and nearly all were killed, wounded, or drowned.[^zhwiki]\n\n## A different death in the novel\n\nRomance of the Three Kingdoms tells another story. When Cao Cao attacked Yuan Shu, Yuan Shu ordered Qiao Rui to hold the border of Shouchun with fifty thousand men. Qiao Rui rode out to duel Xiahou Dun and was speared to death in fewer than three bouts. That is the novel, not the account above. The portrayal is [[person_cn_q123786584|Qiao Rui]].[^zhwiki]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Name: Qiao Rui[^wikidata]\n- Death year recorded on this entry: 197[^wikidata]\n- Realm: Eastern Han[^wikidata]\n- Portrayal: [[person_cn_q123786584|Qiao Rui]] (a character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms)", "url": "/people/qiao-rui.html", "lang": "en", "sourceLang": "zh", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "death": { "year": 197, "display": "197" }, "personCategory": "historical figure" }, "entities": null, "tags": [ { "id": "tag-ancient-china", "slug": "ancient-china", "name": "Ancient China", "description": "History, people and administrative divisions from the pre-Qin era to the Qing dynasty.", "names": { "ar": "الصين القديمة", "de": "Das alte China", "en": "Ancient China", "es": "China antigua", "fr": "Chine ancienne", "hi": "प्राचीन चीन", "id": "Tiongkok kuno", "it": "Cina antica", "ja": "中国古代", "ko": "중국 고대", "ms": "China purba", "nl": "Het oude China", "pt": "China antiga", "ru": "Древний Китай", "th": "จีนโบราณ", "tr": "Antik Çin", "vi": "Trung Quốc cổ đại", "zh": "中国古代", "zh-hant": "中國古代" }, "descriptions": { "ar": "التاريخ والشخصيات والتقسيمات الإدارية من عصر ما قبل تشين إلى أسرة تشينغ.", "de": "Geschichte, Personen und Verwaltungsgliederung von der Zeit vor Qin bis zur Qing-Dynastie.", "en": "History, people and administrative divisions from the pre-Qin era to the Qing dynasty.", "es": "Historia, personajes y divisiones administrativas desde la era pre-Qin hasta la dinastía Qing.", "fr": "Histoire, personnages et divisions administratives de l'époque pré-Qin à la dynastie Qing.", "hi": "चिन-पूर्व काल से चिंग राजवंश तक का इतिहास, व्यक्ति और प्रशासनिक विभाजन।", "id": "Sejarah, tokoh, dan pembagian administratif dari era pra-Qin hingga Dinasti Qing.", "it": "Storia, personaggi e divisioni amministrative dall'epoca pre-Qin alla dinastia Qing.", "ja": "先秦から清代までの歴史・人物・行政区画。", "ko": "先秦부터 청대까지의 역사·인물·행정 구역.", "ms": "Sejarah, tokoh dan bahagian pentadbiran dari zaman pra-Qin hingga Dinasti Qing.", "nl": "Geschiedenis, personen en bestuurlijke indeling van de pre-Qin-periode tot de Qing-dynastie.", "pt": "História, personagens e divisões administrativas da era pré-Qin até à dinastia Qing.", "ru": "История, персоналии и административное деление от доциньской эпохи до династии Цин.", "th": "ประวัติศาสตร์ บุคคล และเขตการปกครองตั้งแต่ยุคก่อนฉินจนถึงราชวงศ์ชิง", "tr": "Qin öncesi dönemden Qing hanedanına kadar tarih, kişiler ve idari bölümler.", "vi": "Lịch sử, nhân vật và đơn vị hành chính từ thời Tiền Tần đến nhà Thanh.", "zh": "先秦至清代的历史、人物与政区。", "zh-hant": "先秦至清代的歷史、人物與政區。" }, "count": 1097 } ], "relations": [ { "id": "relation_cnportray_q123786584", "fromId": "person_cn_q123786584", "relationType": "based_on", "toId": "person_cn_q1042908", "note": "作品中的人物形象，原型为该历史人物。", "sourceRefs": [ { "entityId": "person_cn_q123786584", "sourceId": "wikidata" } ], "label": "Portrayals", "targetId": "person_cn_q123786584", "targetTitle": "Qiao Rui", "targetUrl": "/en/people/qiao-rui-sanguo.html", "incoming": true } ], "mentions": [ { "fromId": "person_cn_q123786584", "fromTitle": "Qiao Rui", "fromUrl": "/en/people/qiao-rui-sanguo.html", "fromType": "person" } ], "versions": [ { "revision": 7, "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:19:29+08:00", "message": "当前版本", "hasSnapshot": true, "url": "/en/people/qiao-rui/at/7.html" } ], "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "infoFields": [ { "key": "death_date", "label": "Death", "value": "197" }, { "key": "person_category", "label": "Person category", "value": "historical figure" } ], "relationsTotal": 1, "relationCounts": [ { "relationType": "based_on", "incoming": true, "label": "Portrayals", "total": 1 } ], "mentionsTotal": 1 }