{ "contentStorage": "postgres", "title": "Beijing · Relations", "description": "Beijing is the capital of the People's Republic of China and a municipality directly under the central government (division code 110000); it is also a key site of the May Fourth Movement and modern scholarship.", "url": "/en/places/beijing/relation-7.html", "entity": { "id": "place_beijing", "type": "place", "title": "Beijing", "slug": "beijing", "aliases": [ "Peking", "北京", "北京市", "Peiping" ], "summary": "Beijing is the capital of the People's Republic of China and a municipality directly under the central government (division code 110000); it is also a key site of the May Fourth Movement and modern scholarship.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-geography", "category-china-admin-divisions" ], "tags": [ "tag-modern-china", "tag-education", "tag-admin-division" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Beijing (Wikipedia)", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing" }, { "id": "mca2023", "title": "2023年中华人民共和国县以上行政区划代码（民政部）", "url": "https://www.mca.gov.cn/mzsj/xzqh/2023/202301xzqh.html", "locator": "代码 110000 北京市" }, { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q956", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q956" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "北京市（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/北京市", "locator": "信息框" }, { "id": "baidu", "title": "北京市（百度百科）", "url": "https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC%E5%B8%82/126069", "locator": "基本信息" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-24T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-30T00:51:33+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 15, "body": "## Administrative division\n\nBeijing is a provincial-level division (municipality) of the People's Republic of China[^mca2023]. It has 16 districts[^mca2023]: [[place_cn_110101|Dongcheng]], [[place_cn_110102|Xicheng]], [[place_cn_110105|Chaoyang]], [[place_cn_110106|Fengtai]], [[place_cn_110107|Shijingshan]], [[place_cn_110108|Haidian]], [[place_cn_110109|Mentougou]], [[place_cn_110111|Fangshan]], [[place_cn_110112|Tongzhou]], [[place_cn_110113|Shunyi]], [[place_cn_110114|Changping]], [[place_cn_110115|Daxing]], [[place_cn_110116|Huairou]], [[place_cn_110117|Pinggu]], [[place_cn_110118|Miyun]], [[place_cn_110119|Yanqing]].\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Administrative division code: 110000[^mca2023]\n- Area: 16,410.54 km²[^zhwiki]\n- Resident population: 21.80 million (end of 2025)[^baidu]\n- GDP: CNY 5.20734 trillion (2025)[^baidu]; per capita about CNY 239,000 (2025)[^zhwiki]\n- Seat of government: No. 57 Yunhe East Street, Tongzhou District[^baidu]\n- Telephone area code: 010; postal code: 100000[^baidu]\n- ISO 3166-2: CN-BJ[^zhwiki]\n- Licence plate codes: 京A–京Q, 京Y[^baidu]\n- Climate: warm-temperate semi-humid to semi-arid monsoon climate[^baidu]\n- Time zone: China Standard Time (UTC+8)[^zhwiki]\n- City flowers: Chinese rose and chrysanthemum; city trees: Chinese arborvitae and Chinese scholar tree[^zhwiki]\n\n## History\n\n- 1368: replaced Dadu (Khanbaliq) of the Yuan dynasty[^wikidata].\n- From 1421: named Beijing, until 7 June 1928[^wikidata].\n- 8 June 1928 – 28 July 1937: Peiping[^wikidata].\n- 29 July 1937 – 2 September 1945: Beijing[^wikidata].\n- 3 September 1945 – 30 September 1949: Peiping[^wikidata].\n- From 1 October 1949: Beijing[^wikidata].\n\n## Academic and public life\n\n[[organization_pku|Peking University]] is in Beijing. The [[event_mayfourth|May Fourth Movement]] began with student demonstrations here in 1919.", "url": "/places/beijing.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en", "id", "ru" ], "placeKind": "municipality", "coordinates": { "latitude": 39.9042, "longitude": 116.4074 }, "locationNote": "Northern China; modern municipality is not identical to all historical capital footprints.", "adminArea": "People's Republic of China · Beijing Municipality", "established": { "year": 1421, "qualifier": "approx", "display": "c. 1421 (Ming capital relocation)" } }, "entities": null, "relations": [ { "id": "relation_api_e39fc0eb84e6c818e5150364", "fromId": "work_beijing_traffic_notice_744132652", "relationType": "announcement_about", "toId": "place_beijing", "sourceRefs": [ { "entityId": "work_beijing_traffic_notice_744132652", "sourceId": "official" } ], "label": "Related announcements", "targetId": "work_beijing_traffic_notice_744132652", "targetTitle": "关于“烈士纪念日”向人民英雄敬献花篮仪式活动采取临时交通管理措施的通告", "targetUrl": "/en/works/beijing-traffic-notice-2026-09-29.html", "incoming": true }, { "id": "relation_api_e40d6228f4a3ffd9be878e8c", "fromId": "place_beijing_national_centre_performing_arts", "relationType": "located_in", "toId": "place_beijing", "sourceRefs": [ { "entityId": "place_beijing_national_centre_performing_arts", "sourceId": "official" } ], "label": "Contains places", "targetId": "place_beijing_national_centre_performing_arts", "targetTitle": "National Centre for the Performing Arts", "targetUrl": "/en/places/beijing-national-centre-performing-arts.html", "incoming": true }, { "id": "relation_api_e41d32dea6b0cfdad222d724", "fromId": "work_beijing_government_notice_2008_21", "relationType": "announcement_about", "toId": "place_beijing", "sourceRefs": [ { "entityId": "work_beijing_government_notice_2008_21", "sourceId": "official_pdf" } ], "label": "Related announcements", "targetId": "work_beijing_government_notice_2008_21", "targetTitle": "北京市人民政府关于加强轨道交通车站、省际道路旅客运输站安全检查的通告", "targetUrl": "/en/works/beijing-government-notice-2008-21.html", "incoming": true }, { "id": "relation_api_e49a2680de91ac79dd626732", "fromId": "work_jingjinji_national_day_hazardous_vehicles_2026", "relationType": "announcement_about", "toId": "place_beijing", "sourceRefs": [ { "entityId": "work_jingjinji_national_day_hazardous_vehicles_2026", "sourceId": "official" } ], "label": "Related announcements", "targetId": "work_jingjinji_national_day_hazardous_vehicles_2026", "targetTitle": "关于2026年国庆节假日期间京津冀地区高速公路禁止危险物品运输车辆通行的通告", "targetUrl": "/en/works/jingjinji-national-day-hazardous-vehicles-2026.html", "incoming": true }, { "id": "relation_api_e4e628fe778f32eb5d35f32f", "fromId": "work_beijing_government_notice_72249", "relationType": "announcement_about", "toId": "place_beijing", "sourceRefs": [ { "entityId": "work_beijing_government_notice_72249", "sourceId": "official" } ], "label": "Related announcements", "targetId": "work_beijing_government_notice_72249", "targetTitle": "北京市人民政府关于维护首都交通秩序的通告", "targetUrl": "/en/works/beijing-government-notice-2001-09.html", "incoming": true }, { "id": "relation_api_e5c31e61c2a4e119b05d7498", "fromId": "work_beijing_government_notice_72457", "relationType": "announcement_about", "toId": "place_beijing", "sourceRefs": [ { "entityId": "work_beijing_government_notice_72457", "sourceId": "official" } ], "label": "Related announcements", "targetId": "work_beijing_government_notice_72457", "targetTitle": "北京市人民政府关于发布本市第十五阶段控制大气污染措施的通告", "targetUrl": "/en/works/beijing-government-notice-2008-10.html", "incoming": true }, { "id": "relation_api_e6df039ed50e0e173b06b054", "fromId": "place_beijing_beijing_olympic_tower_2008", "relationType": "located_in", "toId": "place_beijing", "sourceRefs": [ { "entityId": "place_beijing_beijing_olympic_tower_2008", "sourceId": "official" } ], "label": "Contains places", "targetId": "place_beijing_beijing_olympic_tower_2008", "targetTitle": "北京奥运大厦", "targetUrl": "/en/places/beijing-beijing-olympic-tower.html", "incoming": true }, { "id": "relation_api_e8422012699f00db2615a4bc", "fromId": "work_beijing_government_notice_72442", "relationType": "announcement_about", "toId": "place_beijing", "sourceRefs": [ { "entityId": "work_beijing_government_notice_72442", "sourceId": "official" } ], "label": "Related announcements", "targetId": "work_beijing_government_notice_72442", "targetTitle": "北京市人民政府关于在首都国庆60周年活动期间实施禁飞的通告", "targetUrl": "/en/works/beijing-government-notice-2009-09.html", "incoming": true }, { "id": "relation_api_e9978fad4e509bd9cad3faaa", "fromId": "work_beijing_government_notice_2429280", "relationType": "announcement_about", "toId": "place_beijing", "sourceRefs": [ { "entityId": "work_beijing_government_notice_2429280", "sourceId": "official" } ], "label": "Related announcements", "targetId": "work_beijing_government_notice_2429280", "targetTitle": "北京市人民政府关于划定禁止使用高排放非道路移动机械区域的通告", "targetUrl": "/en/works/beijing-government-notice-2021-07.html", "incoming": true }, { "id": "relation_api_eb4228f3653b969d96940cf8", "fromId": "place_beijing_jingshi_expressway_beijing_section_1991", "relationType": "located_in", "toId": "place_beijing", "sourceRefs": [ { "entityId": "place_beijing_jingshi_expressway_beijing_section_1991", "sourceId": "official" } ], "label": "Contains places", "targetId": "place_beijing_jingshi_expressway_beijing_section_1991", "targetTitle": "京石高速公路北京路段", "targetUrl": "/en/places/beijing-jingshi-expressway-beijing-section.html", "incoming": true }, { "id": "relation_api_ec25437bfe1c57bc69b0dd39", "fromId": "work_beijing_traffic_notice_744141821", "relationType": "announcement_about", "toId": "place_beijing", "sourceRefs": [ { "entityId": "work_beijing_traffic_notice_744141821", "sourceId": "official" } ], "label": "Related announcements", "targetId": "work_beijing_traffic_notice_744141821", "targetTitle": "关于2026年中国国际医疗器械博览会、全国药品交易会期间对部分道路采取交通管理措施的通告", "targetUrl": "/en/works/beijing-traffic-notice-2026-10-18.html", "incoming": true }, { "id": "relation_api_ec3a59468cbceea4562ef3ee", "fromId": "work_beijing_government_notice_72437", "relationType": "announcement_about", "toId": "place_beijing", "sourceRefs": [ { "entityId": "work_beijing_government_notice_72437", "sourceId": "official" } ], "label": "Related announcements", "targetId": "work_beijing_government_notice_72437", "targetTitle": "北京市人民政府关于发布本市第十四阶段控制大气污染措施的通告", "targetUrl": "/en/works/beijing-government-notice-2008.html", "incoming": true }, { "id": "relation_api_ed8a43318277cc3297d2004b", "fromId": "place_beijing_tsinghua_diving_swimming_pool", "relationType": "located_in", "toId": "place_beijing", "sourceRefs": [ { "entityId": "place_beijing_tsinghua_diving_swimming_pool", "sourceId": "official" } ], "label": "Contains places", "targetId": "place_beijing_tsinghua_diving_swimming_pool", "targetTitle": "清华游泳跳水馆", "targetUrl": "/en/places/beijing-tsinghua-diving-swimming-pool.html", "incoming": true }, { "id": "relation_api_ef76f06fa622fb6c2f95ec9a", "fromId": "work_beijing_government_notice_72194", "relationType": "announcement_about", "toId": "place_beijing", "sourceRefs": [ { "entityId": "work_beijing_government_notice_72194", "sourceId": "official" } ], "label": "Related announcements", "targetId": "work_beijing_government_notice_72194", "targetTitle": "北京市人民政府关于在指定道口运入动物及其产品的通告", "targetUrl": "/en/works/beijing-government-notice-2004.html", "incoming": true }, { "id": "relation_api_f3f95e2a0a25c46f24a41ba9", "fromId": "work_beijing_government_notice_123992", "relationType": "announcement_about", "toId": "place_beijing", "sourceRefs": [ { "entityId": "work_beijing_government_notice_123992", "sourceId": "official" } ], "label": "Related announcements", "targetId": "work_beijing_government_notice_123992", "targetTitle": "北京市人民政府 中国民用航空华北地区管理局关于公布北京大兴国际机场和空军南苑新机场净空保护区的通告", "targetUrl": "/en/works/beijing-government-notice-2019-12.html", "incoming": true }, { "id": "relation_api_f4439cbc5510e18475ff15df", "fromId": "work_beijing_government_notice_4617902", "relationType": "announcement_about", "toId": "place_beijing", "sourceRefs": [ { "entityId": "work_beijing_government_notice_4617902", "sourceId": "official" } ], "label": "Related announcements", "targetId": "work_beijing_government_notice_4617902", "targetTitle": "北京市人民政府关于潮白河密怀顺段综合治理工程（一期）占地范围禁止新增建设项目和迁入人口的通告", "targetUrl": "/en/works/beijing-government-notice-2026-04.html", "incoming": true }, { "id": "relation_api_f78938b062e31284da5b09cd", "fromId": "work_beijing_government_notice_60386", "relationType": "announcement_about", "toId": "place_beijing", "sourceRefs": [ { "entityId": "work_beijing_government_notice_60386", "sourceId": "official" } ], "label": "Related announcements", "targetId": "work_beijing_government_notice_60386", "targetTitle": "北京市人民政府关于公布北京市区域性股权市场运营机构的通告", "targetUrl": "/en/works/beijing-regional-equity-market-operator-notice-2017-22.html", "incoming": true }, { "id": "relation_api_f822133f6aaaec13c413c4a4", "fromId": "work_beijing_government_notice_4200913", "relationType": "announcement_about", "toId": "place_beijing", "sourceRefs": [ { "entityId": "work_beijing_government_notice_4200913", "sourceId": "official" } ], "label": "Related announcements", "targetId": "work_beijing_government_notice_4200913", "targetTitle": "北京市人民政府关于在本市部分区域试鸣防空警报的通告", "targetUrl": "/en/works/beijing-government-notice-2025.html", "incoming": true }, { "id": "relation_api_f922539550de9e71257403e5", "fromId": "work_beijing_government_notice_72658", "relationType": "announcement_about", "toId": "place_beijing", "sourceRefs": [ { "entityId": "work_beijing_government_notice_72658", "sourceId": "official" } ], "label": "Related announcements", "targetId": "work_beijing_government_notice_72658", "targetTitle": "北京市人民政府关于空气重污染期间采取临时交通管理措施的通告", "targetUrl": "/en/works/beijing-government-notice-2013-10.html", "incoming": true }, { "id": "relation_api_fa498f589c9dc1d51995abee", "fromId": "work_beijing_water_notice_4212085", "relationType": "announcement_about", "toId": "place_beijing", "sourceRefs": [ { "entityId": "work_beijing_water_notice_4212085", "sourceId": "official" } ], "label": "Related announcements", "targetId": "work_beijing_water_notice_4212085", "targetTitle": "北京市水务局关于废止部分行政规范性文件的公告", "targetUrl": "/en/works/beijing-water-notice-2025.html", "incoming": true }, { "id": "relation_api_fa79f7444bd8b82cd14def0a", "fromId": "work_beijing_traffic_notice_743890971", "relationType": "announcement_about", "toId": "place_beijing", "sourceRefs": [ { "entityId": "work_beijing_traffic_notice_743890971", "sourceId": "official" } ], "label": "Related announcements", "targetId": "work_beijing_traffic_notice_743890971", "targetTitle": "关于对丰台区马家堡路部分路段采取交通管理措施的通告", "targetUrl": "/en/works/beijing-traffic-notice-2025-12-25-majiabao.html", "incoming": true }, { "id": "relation_api_fa94bb6a0c7ab264b5c72f18", "fromId": "place_beijing_xidan_square", "relationType": "located_in", "toId": "place_beijing", "sourceRefs": [ { "entityId": "place_beijing_xidan_square", "sourceId": "official" } ], "label": "Contains places", "targetId": "place_beijing_xidan_square", "targetTitle": "西单广场", "targetUrl": "/en/places/beijing-xidan-square.html", "incoming": true }, { "id": "relation_api_fbb817157f323da2cf69b751", "fromId": "work_beijing_government_notice_61965", "relationType": "announcement_about", "toId": "place_beijing", "sourceRefs": [ { "entityId": "work_beijing_government_notice_61965", "sourceId": "official" } ], "label": "Related announcements", "targetId": "work_beijing_government_notice_61965", "targetTitle": "北京市人民政府关于2019年中国北京世界园艺博览会开幕式及预演期间燃放烟花的公告", "targetUrl": "/en/works/beijing-world-horticultural-expo-fireworks-notice-2019-3.html", "incoming": true }, { "id": "relation_api_fc8ad5887c279a1520ed70b2", "fromId": "place_beijing_summer_palace", "relationType": "located_in", "toId": "place_beijing", "sourceRefs": [ { "entityId": "place_beijing_summer_palace", "sourceId": "official" } ], "label": "Contains places", "targetId": "place_beijing_summer_palace", "targetTitle": "颐和园", "targetUrl": "/en/places/beijing-summer-palace.html", "incoming": true }, { "id": "relation_api_fd43b3920d5f6138d10122b6", "fromId": "place_beijing_beijing_normal_university_experimental_high_school_gymnasium", "relationType": "located_in", "toId": "place_beijing", "sourceRefs": [ { "entityId": "place_beijing_beijing_normal_university_experimental_high_school_gymnasium", "sourceId": "official" } ], "label": "Contains places", "targetId": "place_beijing_beijing_normal_university_experimental_high_school_gymnasium", "targetTitle": "北京师范大学附属实验中学体育馆", "targetUrl": "/en/places/beijing-beijing-normal-university-experimental-high-school-gymnasium.html", "incoming": true }, { "id": "relation_api_fe8825d101eeb8904636d9e0", "fromId": "place_beijing_shougang_basketball_center", "relationType": "located_in", "toId": "place_beijing", "sourceRefs": [ { "entityId": "place_beijing_shougang_basketball_center", "sourceId": "official" } ], "label": "Contains places", "targetId": "place_beijing_shougang_basketball_center", "targetTitle": "首钢篮球中心", "targetUrl": "/en/places/beijing-shougang-basketball-center.html", "incoming": true }, { "id": "relation_api_ffbbee2c4776c25fe66de645", "fromId": "work_beijing_traffic_notice_744110339", "relationType": "announcement_about", "toId": "place_beijing", "sourceRefs": [ { "entityId": "work_beijing_traffic_notice_744110339", "sourceId": "official" } ], "label": "Related announcements", "targetId": "work_beijing_traffic_notice_744110339", "targetTitle": "关于对北京经济技术开发区四海路采取交通管理措施的通告", "targetUrl": "/en/works/beijing-traffic-notice-2026-no23.html", "incoming": true }, { "id": "relation_api_ffff20f613051b31cccfd89b", "fromId": "work_beijing_water_notice_4872486", "relationType": "announcement_about", "toId": "place_beijing", "sourceRefs": [ { "entityId": "work_beijing_water_notice_4872486", "sourceId": "official" } ], "label": "Related announcements", "targetId": "work_beijing_water_notice_4872486", "targetTitle": "南水北调中线干线（北京段）工程PCCP段单线轮换检修项目设计中标结果公示", "targetUrl": "/en/works/beijing-water-notice-2026-09-20.html", "incoming": true }, { "id": "relation_cnadmin_110101_in_110000", "fromId": "place_cn_110101", "relationType": "located_in", "toId": "place_beijing", "note": "依据民政部2023年县以上行政区划代码的隶属层级。", "sourceRefs": [ { "entityId": "place_cn_110101", "sourceId": "mca2023" } ], "label": "Contains places", "targetId": "place_cn_110101", "targetTitle": "Dongcheng District", "targetUrl": "/en/places/dongcheng.html", "incoming": true }, { "id": "relation_cnadmin_110102_in_110000", "fromId": "place_cn_110102", "relationType": "located_in", "toId": "place_beijing", "note": "依据民政部2023年县以上行政区划代码的隶属层级。", "sourceRefs": [ { "entityId": "place_cn_110102", "sourceId": "mca2023" } ], "label": "Contains places", "targetId": "place_cn_110102", "targetTitle": "Xicheng District", "targetUrl": "/en/places/xicheng.html", "incoming": true }, { "id": "relation_cnadmin_110105_in_110000", "fromId": "place_cn_110105", "relationType": "located_in", "toId": "place_beijing", "note": "依据民政部2023年县以上行政区划代码的隶属层级。", "sourceRefs": [ { "entityId": "place_cn_110105", "sourceId": "mca2023" } ], "label": "Contains places", "targetId": "place_cn_110105", "targetTitle": "Chaoyang District", "targetUrl": "/en/places/chaoyang.html", "incoming": true }, { "id": "relation_cnadmin_110106_in_110000", "fromId": "place_cn_110106", "relationType": "located_in", "toId": "place_beijing", "note": "依据民政部2023年县以上行政区划代码的隶属层级。", "sourceRefs": [ { "entityId": "place_cn_110106", "sourceId": "mca2023" } ], "label": "Contains places", "targetId": "place_cn_110106", "targetTitle": "Fengtai District", "targetUrl": "/en/places/fengtai.html", "incoming": true }, { "id": "relation_cnadmin_110107_in_110000", "fromId": "place_cn_110107", "relationType": "located_in", "toId": "place_beijing", "note": "依据民政部2023年县以上行政区划代码的隶属层级。", "sourceRefs": [ { "entityId": "place_cn_110107", "sourceId": "mca2023" } ], "label": "Contains places", "targetId": "place_cn_110107", "targetTitle": "Shijingshan District", "targetUrl": "/en/places/shijingshan.html", "incoming": true }, { "id": "relation_cnadmin_110108_in_110000", "fromId": "place_cn_110108", "relationType": "located_in", "toId": "place_beijing", "note": "依据民政部2023年县以上行政区划代码的隶属层级。", "sourceRefs": [ { "entityId": "place_cn_110108", "sourceId": "mca2023" } ], "label": "Contains places", "targetId": "place_cn_110108", "targetTitle": "Haidian District", "targetUrl": "/en/places/haidian.html", "incoming": true }, { "id": "relation_cnadmin_110109_in_110000", "fromId": "place_cn_110109", "relationType": "located_in", "toId": "place_beijing", "note": "依据民政部2023年县以上行政区划代码的隶属层级。", "sourceRefs": [ { "entityId": "place_cn_110109", "sourceId": "mca2023" } ], 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