{ "contentStorage": "postgres", "sameNames": [ { "id": "place_un_jamaica", "type": "place", "title": "牙买加", "slug": "jamaica", "aliases": [ "Jamaica" ], "summary": "牙买加。联合国席位名称为Jamaica，加入日期为1962年9月18日。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-geography" ], "tags": [ "tag-admin-division" ], "sources": [ { "id": "un-members", "title": "联合国会员国列表", "author": "维基百科", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BD%E4%BC%9A%E5%91%98%E5%9B%BD", "locator": "现任会员国表；2026-11-09 访问" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "牙买加", "author": "维基百科", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%89%99%E4%B9%B0%E5%8A%A0", "locator": "开篇；2026-11-09 访问" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-09T13:34:28+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-09T16:06:05+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 2, "body": "牙买加（英语：Jamaica）是加勒比海地区的一个岛国，面积为10,990平方公里，也是大安的列斯群岛和加勒比海第三大岛。牙买加位于古巴以南约145公里，伊斯帕尼奥拉岛以西191公里。 该岛原为操阿拉瓦克语系的阿拉瓦克人和泰诺族居住地，后来受到西班牙殖民统治。原住民因无法抵抗牙买加呕吐病而大量死亡，因此西班牙人从非洲大量搜捕奴隶到牙买加作为劳工。1494年哥伦布到达牙买加，1509年牙买加成为西班牙殖民地。在1655年被英国占领，在1866年成为英国直辖殖民地。1962年8月6日牙买加宣告独立。 牙买加根据2026年数据统计预计有290万的人口，金斯敦是该国的首都和最大的城市。牙买加人大多数是撒哈拉以南非洲族裔及其后裔，也有大量的欧非混血儿。由于自20世纪60年代以来对外移民率很高，牙买加有大量侨民，尤其是在加拿大、英国和美国。牙买加的文化体育有着世界级的影响力。它是拉斯塔法里宗教、雷鬼以及Dub、Ska等音乐流派的发源地，并在板球、短跑等运动中有世界级的实力。 == 历史 == 牙买加本岛至迟在公元前5世纪便已成为美洲人阿拉瓦克族居住地，牙买加一名即是源自阿拉瓦克语Xaymaca，意为“水和树木之地”。明代《坤舆万国全图》称之为“牙卖加”。 1494年哥伦布来到此地，1509年西班牙宣称牙买加为其殖民地，改名圣迭戈（Santiago）。西班牙对当地的土著居民实行奴隶政策，导致在不久之后，岛上的阿拉瓦克人即因战争、疾病和奴役而灭绝。为补充劳动力，西班牙自1517年开始从非洲向牙买加贩奴，导致黑人逐渐成为当地的主体民族。1538年，西班牙人建立西班牙城，作为牙买加首府。从16世纪后期开始，牙买加多次遭到来自法国、英格兰、荷兰等国的海盗袭击。1655年5月，一支由威廉·宾和罗伯特·维纳布尔斯联合率领的英国舰队占领了牙买加。他们立刻邀请海盗来到岛上最大港口罗亚尔港，协助防守西班牙人可能的反扑。在1657年和1658年间，西班牙人数次从古巴出发反扑，均以失败告终。 1670年，按照马德里条约，西班牙正式将牙买加等地割让给英国，英国人立刻将这个岛作为其基地，在1692年罗亚尔港被地震毁灭之前，一度成为加勒比海海盗的“首都”。此后，英国人修建了金斯敦城，逐渐将其建设成为牙买加的中心城市。 在之后的150年时间中，牙买加成为了世界上著名的蔗糖、兰姆酒和咖啡产地。\n\n以上据中文维基《牙买加》的开篇。联合国席位名称为Jamaica，加入日期为1962年9月18日。[^zhwiki][^un-members]。", "url": "/places/jamaica.html", "lang": "en", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh" ], "placeKind": "country" }, { "id": "place_us_ia_jamaica", "type": "place", "title": "Jamaica", "slug": "ia-jamaica", "summary": "Jamaica is a village in Iowa, United States.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-geography" ], "tags": [], "sources": [ { "id": "geonames", "title": "GeoNames US dataset (US.txt / admin2Codes.txt)", "url": "https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/US.zip" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-29T12:06:30+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T12:06:30+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 2, "body": "## Overview\n\nJamaica is a village in [[place_us_ia|Iowa]], United States, with a population of about 219[^geonames].\n\n## Geography\n\n- Coordinates: 41.8461, -94.3097", "url": "/places/ia-jamaica.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "placeKind": "village", "coordinates": { "latitude": 41.8461, "longitude": -94.30969 }, "adminArea": "United States · Iowa · Jamaica" }, { "id": "place_us_ny_jamaica", "type": "place", "title": "Jamaica", "slug": "ny-jamaica", "summary": "Jamaica is a city in New York, United States.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-geography" ], "tags": [], "sources": [ { "id": "geonames", "title": "GeoNames US dataset (US.txt / admin2Codes.txt)", "url": "https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/US.zip" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-29T12:20:04+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T12:20:04+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 2, "body": "## Overview\n\nJamaica is a city in [[place_us_ny|New York]], United States, with a population of about 216,866[^geonames].\n\n## Geography\n\n- Coordinates: 40.6915, -73.8057", "url": "/places/ny-jamaica.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "placeKind": "city", "coordinates": { "latitude": 40.69149, "longitude": -73.80569 }, "adminArea": "United States · New York · Jamaica" } ], "title": "Jamaica", "description": "Jamaica is a town in Vermont, United States.", "url": "/en/places/vt-jamaica.html", "entity": { "id": "place_us_vt_jamaica", "type": "place", "title": "Jamaica", "slug": "vt-jamaica", "summary": "Jamaica is a town in Vermont, United States.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-geography" ], "tags": [], "sources": [ { "id": "geonames", "title": "GeoNames US dataset (US.txt / admin2Codes.txt)", "url": "https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/US.zip" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-29T12:28:25+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T12:28:25+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 2, "body": "## Overview\n\nJamaica is a town in [[place_us_vt|Vermont]], United States, with a population of about 1,011[^geonames].\n\n## Geography\n\n- Coordinates: 43.1004, -72.7784", "url": "/places/vt-jamaica.html", "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "placeKind": "town", "coordinates": { "latitude": 43.10036, "longitude": -72.77843 }, "adminArea": "United States · Vermont · Jamaica" }, "entities": null, "relations": [ { "id": "rel_us_city_5237436", "fromId": "place_us_vt_jamaica", "relationType": "located_in", "toId": "place_us_vt_windham_county", "sourceRefs": [ { "entityId": "place_us_vt_jamaica", "sourceId": "geonames" } ], "label": "Located in", "targetId": "place_us_vt_windham_county", "targetTitle": "Windham County", "targetUrl": "/en/places/vt-windham-county.html", "incoming": false } ], "versions": [ { "revision": 2, "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T12:28:25+08:00", "message": "当前版本", "hasSnapshot": true, "url": "/en/places/vt-jamaica/at/2.html" } ], "lang": "en", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "infoFields": [ { "key": "place_kind", "label": "Place kind", "value": "Town" }, { "key": "admin_area", "label": "Admin area", "value": "United States · Vermont · Jamaica" }, { "key": "coordinates", "label": "Coordinates", "value": "43.10036, -72.77843" } ], "relationsTotal": 1, "relationCounts": [ { "relationType": "located_in", "incoming": false, "label": "Located in", "total": 1 } ] }