{ "contentStorage": "postgres", "namePrimary": { "person_cn_q1069834": true, "person_cn_q1071424": true, "person_cn_q1074366": true, "person_cn_q1074543": true, "person_cn_q1074774": true, "person_cn_q1077571": true, "person_cn_q10899435": true, "person_cn_q10899737": true, "person_cn_q10900173": true, "person_cn_q10922775": true, "person_cn_q10945095": true, "person_cn_q11050431": true, "person_cn_q11066568": true, "person_cn_q11091010": true, "person_cn_q11091096": true, "person_cn_q11091288": true, "person_cn_q11097593": true, "person_cn_q11264083": true, "person_cn_q11264541": true, "person_cn_q11269922": true }, "title": "Search", "url": "/en/search-935.html", "entities": [ { "id": "person_cn_q11271726", "type": "person", "title": "Zong Bao", "slug": "zong-bao", "aliases": [ "宗宝" ], "summary": "Zong Bao is a fictional character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms and an officer under Kong Rong, grand administrator of Beihai. When the remnant Yellow Turban leader Guan Hai attacked Beihai, Zong Bao rode out to fight and was cut down within a few bouts.[^wikidata][^zhwiki]", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-literature", "category-people", "category-fictional-characters" ], "tags": [ "tag-fictional-character", "tag-classics", "tag-four-great-classics" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q11271726", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11271726" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "宗宝（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E5%AF%B6" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:22:33+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 9, "body": "Zong Bao is a fictional character in the novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Wikidata gives his Chinese label as 宗宝 (traditional form 宗寶) and his English label as Zong Bao, and describes him as a subordinate of Kong Rong, set in the Han dynasty, with the occupation of military officer. The Chinese Wikipedia article uses the same name, so the title stays as it is.[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n\n## In the novel\n\nChinese Wikipedia says that Guan Hai, a remnant Yellow Turban leader, led tens of thousands of men against Beihai. Kong Rong was alarmed and sent his own troops out of the city. Guan Hai rode out and said he wanted to borrow ten thousand measures of grain; Kong Rong replied that he was a minister of Han guarding Han land and had no grain for bandits. Guan Hai swung his blade straight at Kong Rong, and Zong Bao leveled his spear and rode out to meet him. After only a few bouts Guan Hai cut him from his horse with one stroke, and Kong Rong's troops broke and fled into the city of Beihai.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Name: Zong Bao[^wikidata]\n- Role: fictional character of Romance of the Three Kingdoms, officer under Kong Rong[^wikidata]\n- Occupation recorded on this entry: military officer[^wikidata]\n- Setting: Han dynasty[^wikidata]\n- Appears in: [[work_cn_q70806|Romance of the Three Kingdoms]]", "url": "/people/zong-bao.html", "lang": "en", "sourceLang": "zh", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "disambiguation": "Character in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms", "isFictional": true, "personCategory": "literary character" }, { "id": "person_cn_q10922775", "type": "person", "title": "Tang Bin", "slug": "tang-bin", "aliases": [ "唐彬" ], "summary": "Tang Bin (235–294), courtesy name Ruzong, was a man of Zou in the state of Lu and a general of Cao Wei and Western Jin. He took up bow and horse in youth and the classics later, served as vanguard under Wang Jun in the conquest of Wu, then commanded Youzhou, where he restored the old wall and pushed back the frontier. He died in office as governor of Yongzhou in 294 with the posthumous name Xiang.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q10922775", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10922775" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "唐彬（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%94%90%E5%BD%AC" }, { "id": "zhengshi", "title": "晋书/卷042（维基文库）", "url": "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%99%89%E6%9B%B8/%E5%8D%B7042" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:22:27+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 7, "body": "Tang Bin was a general from the last years of Cao Wei into the Western Jin. Chapter 42 of the Book of Jin says that Tang Bin, courtesy name Ruzong, came from Zou in the state of Lu. Wikidata's Chinese label is also Tang Bin, so the title stays the personal name. This entry records his life as 235 to 294.[^wikidata][^zhengshi]\n\n## Origins and early life\n\nThe Book of Jin says his father Tang Tai was grand administrator of Taishan. Tang Bin had the capacity to govern a state and was not bound by petty conduct. In youth he was skilled at bow and horse, loved hunting, stood eight chi tall, could run down a fleeing deer, and was stronger than other men. Only later did he take pleasure in the classics and histories, understanding the Book of Changes especially well. After studying with a teacher he went home and taught, usually with several hundred pupils. He began as a clerk at the commandery gate and became registrar. When the governor Wang Shen gathered his staff to debate how to resist Wu and asked the officials of nine commanderies, Tang Bin and Zhang Hun, registrar of Qiao, both argued that Wu could be absorbed, and Wang Shen approved. He then had Tang Bin refute those who said Wu could not be attacked, and their arguments gave way. Tang Bin rose to merit officer, was recommended as filial and incorrupt, was appointed registrar of the province and advanced to assistant governor.[^zhengshi]\n\n## Service under Jin\n\nThe Book says that when he went to the chancellor's office on business, the staff there were the outstanding men of the age, and all admired him. They praised him to Emperor Wen, Sima Zhao, and recommended him as a clerk. When Sima Zhao asked the military adviser Kong Hao, Kong Hao was jealous of his talent and did not answer for a long time. Chen Qian, seated there, raised his tablet and said that Tang Bin was far better than himself, and Sima Zhao appointed him to the armor bureau. When Deng Ai was put to death, Sima Zhao feared unrest on the frontier because Deng Ai had long held Longyou and won the troops' loyalty, and sent Tang Bin to look into it quietly. Tang Bin reported that Deng Ai was jealous, proud, and had lost men's hearts, that the people of Longyou welcomed his fall, and that the armies now arrived were enough to hold the land. He was then appointed gentleman of the water works. In the early Taishi years he was made Marquis within the Passes, served as magistrate of Ye, where the people were reformed within a month, and as grand administrator of Yiyang. After mourning his mother he was considered for the post of army inspector of Yizhou, which bordered Wu. Emperor Wu asked the mounted attendant Wen Li, who said that Tang Bin loved wealth and Yang Zong loved wine. The emperor said that desire for wealth could be satisfied while a taste for wine was hard to change, and chose Tang Bin. He was soon also put in charge of military affairs in Badong, made general who broadens military power, and his plan for attacking Wu pleased the emperor. The Chinese Wikipedia article gives the same account.[^zhengshi][^zhwiki]\n\n## The conquest of Wu\n\nHe campaigned against Wu with Wang Jun, held the key points and led the other armies. He often set up decoy forces and won by seizing the moment, took Xiling and Lexiang and captured many. Along the river from Baling and Miankou eastward, the rebels were terrified and surrendered. He knew the enemy was exhausted and that Sun Hao was about to surrender, so when he was two hundred li from Jianye he claimed illness and slowed his march to show he did not compete for credit. As he foresaw, those who arrived first fought over goods and those who arrived later fought over credit, and the discerning praised his conduct. After Wu fell, an edict praised him for guarding the east against Wu, overseeing the southern tribes and quieting the borders, and made him general of the right and supervisor of military affairs in Badong. He was recalled as colonel of the aiding wing, re-enfeoffed as Marquis of Shangyong with six thousand households, and given six thousand bolts of silk. He often took part in court deliberations.[^zhengshi]\n\n## The northern frontier\n\nWhen northern tribes raided Beiping, he was made supervisor of military affairs in Youzhou, protector of the Wuhuan, and general of the right. On arrival he trained the troops, repaired weapons, widened farming, displayed power and made known the state's commands with kindness and good faith. Two Xianbei groups under Mohui and Zhehe sent hostages and tribute. He also founded schools and taught without tiring, and extended the old frontier, pushing back the line by a thousand li. He restored the old Qin wall from Wencheng to Jieshi, running nearly three thousand li through the valleys, stationed troops in sections, and set beacon towers within sight of each other. The Book says the frontier became quiet and that no earlier commander since Han and Wei could compare. The Xianbei, afraid, killed Mohui. Tang Bin wanted to attack them, but feared that if he waited for a reply the raiders would scatter, so he called up carts and oxen from Youzhou and Jizhou. His staff officer Xu Zhi secretly reported it, and the court sent an inspector with a prison cart to bring him before the commandant of justice, but he was released when the facts were clear. The people, remembering his merit, set up a stele and wrote a eulogy for him while he was still alive.[^zhengshi]\n\n## Later life and death\n\nThe Book of Jin says that he first studied under Yan De of Donghai, who had many students but said that only Tang Bin had the talent of the court. When Tang Bin gained office, Yan De had already died, and Tang Bin set up a stele for him. In the early Yuankang years he was made general of the van, protector of the western tribes and governor of Yongzhou. He issued a notice that Yongzhou was a famous region with many scholars, and invited four retired scholars, Huangfu Shenshu, Yan Shulong, Jiang Maoshi and Liang Ziyuan, to join him as guests rather than subordinates. All four came, and he treated them with respect. He died in office in the fourth year of Yuankang at sixty, and received the name Xiang, two hundred bolts of silk and two hundred thousand cash. His elder son Tang Si rose to governor of Guangling, and his younger son Tang Qi was a military adviser.[^zhengshi]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Name: Tang Bin[^zhengshi]\n- Courtesy name: Ruzong[^zhengshi]\n- Home: Zou in the state of Lu[^zhengshi]\n- Dates recorded on this entry: 235 to 294[^wikidata]\n- Posthumous name: Xiang[^zhengshi]\n- Realm and occupation: Cao Wei and Western Jin, general[^wikidata]", "url": "/people/tang-bin.html", "lang": "en", "sourceLang": "zh", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "birth": { "year": 235, "display": "235" }, "death": { "year": 294, "display": "294" }, "personCategory": "historical figure" }, { "id": "person_cn_q11269922", "type": "person", "title": "Cheng Ji", "slug": "cheng-ji", "aliases": [ "程畿" ], "summary": "Cheng Ji (died 222), courtesy name Jiran, was a man of Langzhong in Ba Commandery at the end of the Eastern Han. He once refused to lend troops to Pang Xi's suspicious scheme under Liu Zhang, later served Liu Bei, and died in 222 fighting pursuers after the defeat at Yiling.[^zhwiki][^wikidata]", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q11269922", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11269922" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "程畿（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A8%8B%E7%95%BF" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:22:25+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 7, "body": "Cheng Ji was a figure of the late Eastern Han and early Shu Han. Chinese Wikipedia gives his courtesy name as Jiran and says he came from Langzhong in Ba Commandery. Wikidata uses 程畿 and Cheng Ji as his labels and records his death in the second year of Zhangwu in Shu Han (222), so the title stays as his personal name.[^zhwiki][^wikidata]\n\n## Under Liu Zhang\n\nWhen Liu Zhang held Yi Province, Cheng Ji was magistrate of Hanchang. Chinese Wikipedia says Zhang Lu ignored Liu Zhang's orders and later held Hanzhong; Liu Zhang sent Pang Xi against him without success and then made him grand administrator of Baxi to hold Zhang Lu off. The Hanchang area had the Cong people, whom Pang Xi enlisted, and someone used this to accuse him to Liu Zhang, who grew suspicious. After Zhao Wei rebelled and was killed, Pang Xi became afraid and wanted to protect himself, so he sent Cheng Ji's son Cheng Yu to ask his father for the Cong troops.[^zhwiki]\n\nCheng Ji answered that raising private troops was not in itself rebellion and that loyalty and duty were enough even if others slandered one, but that he could not follow someone who turned disloyal out of fear of false charges. He scolded his son that, having received favor from the province, he owed loyalty to its governor, and that Cheng Yu, as a commandery clerk, should serve the grand administrator and not trade on his father. Pang Xi was furious and threatened his family; Cheng Ji cited the story of Yue Yang, who ate soup made of his own son for the sake of duty, and said he would do the same. Pang Xi came round, sent heavy gifts to Liu Zhang in apology, and was forgiven, and Cheng Ji was promoted to grand administrator of Jiangyang.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Yiling\n\nAfter Liu Bei took Yi Province and became its governor, he appointed Cheng Ji as libationer attached to the staff. In the second year of Zhangwu (222) Cheng Ji went with Liu Bei on the eastern campaign against Sun Quan. When the Shu army was crushed and withdrew up the river, someone told him the pursuers had caught up and that he could escape if he abandoned the boat. He replied that he had never retreated in battle since joining the army, still less now that he was with the emperor in danger. He fought the pursuers with his halberd and was killed, outnumbered.[^zhwiki]\n\n## In the novel\n\nIn chapter 84 of Romance of the Three Kingdoms, when the Wu banners suddenly fall, Cheng Ji tells Liu Bei that it is Lu Xun testing them, but Liu Bei does not believe him. After the Shu army is routed he refuses to retreat with the others and, seeing no way out, kills himself with his sword. This differs from the historical account above.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Name: Cheng Ji[^wikidata]\n- Courtesy name: Jiran[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n- Origin: Langzhong in Ba Commandery; the birthplace linked on this entry is [[place_cn_511381|Langzhong]][^wikidata]\n- Death recorded on this entry: second year of Zhangwu, Shu Han (222)[^wikidata]\n- Realm: Shu Han[^wikidata]\n- Occupation recorded on this entry: political figure[^wikidata]\n- Portrayal: [[person_cn_q124397482|Cheng Ji]] (a character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms)", "url": "/people/cheng-ji.html", "lang": "en", "sourceLang": "zh", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "death": { "year": 222, "display": "222" }, "personCategory": "historical figure" }, { "id": "person_cn_q10920980", "type": "person", "title": "Zhou Xingsi", "slug": "zhou-xingsi", "aliases": [ "周兴嗣" ], "summary": "Zhou Xingsi (died 521), courtesy name Zhizuan, was a man of Xiang in Chen commandery and an official and writer of the Liang. He went to the capital to study at thirteen, won Emperor Wu's notice with the Rhapsody on Peace and Rest, and was repeatedly commissioned to write inscriptions and proclamations, including the verse arrangement of one thousand characters from Wang Xizhi's writing, known as the Thousand Character Classic. He died in 521.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q10920980", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10920980" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "周兴嗣（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E8%88%88%E5%97%A3" }, { "id": "zhengshi", "title": "梁书/卷49（维基文库）", "url": "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%A2%81%E6%9B%B8/%E5%8D%B749" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:22:24+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 7, "body": "Zhou Xingsi was an official and writer of the Liang dynasty. Chapter 49 of the Book of Liang says that Zhou Xingsi, courtesy name Zhizuan, was from Xiang in Chen commandery. Wikidata gives the name in traditional characters with the English label Zhou Xingsi, so the heading stays the personal name. The structured record gives 470 to 521, while the body of the Chinese Wikipedia article writes the birth year as 469.[^wikidata][^zhengshi][^zhwiki]\n\n## Origins and study\n\nThe Book of Liang says he was a descendant of Zhou Kan, grand tutor of the Han crown prince, and that his great-great-grandfather Zhou Ning was a staff officer and grand administrator of Yidu under the Jin. The family lived for generations at Gushu. At thirteen he went to the capital to study and spent more than ten years there, becoming widely learned in the records and skilled at writing. The biography also preserves a tale: while walking from Gushu he stayed at an inn, and in the night a man said to him that his talent exceeded his age, that he would first be recognized by a noble minister and in the end be known by an enlightened ruler, and then disappeared.[^zhengshi]\n\n## Career\n\nIn the Longchang era of Qi, the palace attendant Xie Fei was grand administrator of Wuxing and spoke with him only of literature and history. After Xie Fei finished his term and returned, he praised and recommended him greatly. His home province recommended him as a flourishing talent and he became assistant administrator of Guiyang, where the administrator Wang Rong treated him generously. After Emperor Gaozu founded the Liang, Zhou Xingsi presented the Rhapsody on Peace and Rest, which was very beautiful and pleased the emperor. He was made gentleman attendant to the Prince of Ancheng and was posted at the Hualin office. That year, when Henan presented dancing horses, the emperor ordered him, with Dao Kang and Zhang Shuai, to write rhapsodies, and judged his the best. He was promoted to supernumerary mounted attendant and posted to the Wende and Shouguang offices. When the emperor turned his old house at Sanqiao into the Guangzhai temple, he ordered Zhou Xingsi and Lu Chui each to write the temple stele, and when both were presented he used Zhou Xingsi's. After that the Inscription on the Bronze Tablet, the Stele of the Zhe Pond, the Proclamation for the Northern Campaign, and the verse arrangement of a thousand characters of Wang Xizhi's writing were all assigned to him, and each time the emperor praised them and added gifts of gold and silk. In the ninth year he became assistant administrator of Xin'an, and after his term he again served as supernumerary mounted attendant, helping to compile the state history. In the twelfth year he became palace attendant and went on writing as before.[^zhengshi]\n\n## Illness and death\n\nThe Book of Liang says that both his hands already suffered from sores and wind disease, and that in that year he caught a malignant illness and went blind in the left eye. The emperor stroked his hand and sighed, saying that such a man should have such an illness. He wrote out a remedy for the sores with his own hand and gave it to him. Ren Fang loved his talent and often said that if Zhou Xingsi had not been ill he would have reached censor-in-chief within ten days. In the fourteenth year he became assistant administrator of Linchuan, and in the seventeenth he was again palace attendant, posted at the western office, where the guard commander Zhou She, ordered to annotate the emperor's rhapsodies of past ages, asked for his help. He died in the second year of Putong. His works included the Imperial Veritable Record, Record of the Emperor's Virtue, Diary of Activity and Duties and Ceremonies, over a hundred chapters in all, and a collected works in ten chapters.[^zhengshi]\n\n## The Thousand Character Classic\n\nThe Verse Arrangement of a Thousand Characters of Wang Xizhi's Writing named in the Book of Liang is what later came to be called the Thousand Character Classic. The Chinese Wikipedia article says that, according to the records, he put it together in a single night and that his hair turned white from the strain, and that the work has endured.[^zhengshi][^zhwiki]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Name: Zhou Xingsi[^zhengshi]\n- Courtesy name: Zhizuan[^zhengshi]\n- Home: Xiang in Chen commandery[^zhengshi]\n- Dates: 470 to 521 in the structured record; the Book of Liang puts his death in the second year of Putong[^wikidata][^zhengshi]\n- Role: official of the Liang, poet[^wikidata]", "url": "/people/zhou-xingsi.html", "lang": "en", "sourceLang": "zh", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "birth": { "year": 470, "display": "470" }, "death": { "year": 521, "display": "521" }, "personCategory": "historical figure" }, { "id": "person_cn_q11268555", "type": "person", "title": "Zixu Shangren", "slug": "zixu-shangren", "aliases": [ "紫虚上人" ], "summary": "Zixu Shangren is a fictional Daoist in Romance of the Three Kingdoms who lives on Jinping Mountain in Yi Province and can foretell people's fates. When Liu Bei attacked Yi Province, Liu Gui and others consulted him on the way, and he wrote eight lines hinting at Pang Tong's death and Zhuge Liang's pacification of Yi.[^wikidata][^zhwiki]", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-literature", "category-people", "category-fictional-characters" ], "tags": [ "tag-fictional-character", "tag-classics", "tag-four-great-classics" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q11268555", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11268555" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "紫虚上人（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B4%AB%E8%99%9B%E4%B8%8A%E4%BA%BA" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:22:22+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 7, "body": "Zixu Shangren is a fictional figure in the novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Wikidata describes him as a Daoist of Jinping Mountain, set in the Han dynasty. The Chinese Wikipedia article is titled Zixu Shangren and lists variants such as Zixu Shanren. Shangren is a respectful term for a religious practitioner, and the sources give no other personal name, so the title is kept as it was.[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n\n## In the novel\n\nChinese Wikipedia says Zixu Shangren lives on Jinping Mountain in Yi Province and can predict whether a person will live or die and be high or low. When Liu Bei attacked Yi Province, Liu Zhang's officers Liu Gui, Zhang Ren, Leng Bao and Deng Xian led 50,000 men toward Luocheng and on the way went to the mountain to ask him about the future. He wrote eight lines for Liu Gui: a dragon on the left and a phoenix on the right fly into western Sichuan; the young phoenix falls to earth and the sleeping dragon rises to heaven; one gains and one loses, as Heaven decrees; act when the moment comes and do not lose your life. These lines hint at Pang Tong's death and Zhuge Liang's pacification of Yi Province. When Liu Gui asked about his own fate, he answered that fixed destiny cannot be escaped and there was no need to ask again. The article says none of the four came to a good end. The passage is from chapter 62 of the novel.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Name used: Zixu Shangren, also written Zixu Shanren[^wikidata]\n- Role: fictional character of Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Daoist of Jinping Mountain[^wikidata]\n- Setting: Han dynasty[^wikidata]\n- Appears in: [[work_cn_q70806|Romance of the Three Kingdoms]]", "url": "/people/zixu-shangren.html", "lang": "en", "sourceLang": "zh", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "disambiguation": "Character in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms", "isFictional": true, "personCategory": "literary character" }, { "id": "person_cn_q10916583", "type": "person", "title": "Si Xingfang", "slug": "si-xingfang", "aliases": [ "司行方" ], "summary": "Si Xingfang is a character in the novel Water Margin, a subordinate of Fang Tianding, the crown prince of the rebel Fang La, and one of the four marshals of the southern realm with the title General Who Protects the State. He holds Hangzhou with Deng Yuanjue, Shi Bao and Li Tianrun, kills Lei Heng of Liangshan at Deqing, and is later defeated by Lu Junyi and Huyan Zhuo and drowns while pursuing across a stream.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-literature", "category-people", "category-fictional-characters" ], "tags": [ "tag-fictional-character", "tag-classics", "tag-four-great-classics" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q10916583", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10916583" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "司行方（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%B8%E8%A1%8C%E6%96%B9" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:22:19+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 8, "body": "Si Xingfang is a character in the classical novel Water Margin. Both Wikidata and the Chinese Wikipedia article are titled Si Xingfang, and the story is set in the Song dynasty, so the heading stays the name as given in the novel.[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n\n## In Fang La's army\n\nThe Chinese Wikipedia article says he is a subordinate of Fang Tianding, the crown prince of Fang La, and one of the four marshals of the southern realm, with the title General Who Protects the State. With the state preceptor Deng Yuanjue, called the Treasure Light Tathagata, Shi Bao, called General of the Southern Fire, and Li Tianrun, called General Who Guards the State, he commands twenty-four fighting generals and together they hold the Ninghai army at Hangzhou.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Fighting and end\n\nWhen Song Jiang wanted to take Hangzhou, Si Xingfang led Xue Dounan, Huang Ai, Xu Bai and Mi Quan to relieve Deqing county, where he killed Lei Heng, the Winged Tiger and one of the Liangshan generals of the Heavenly Spirits, in single combat. He was later beaten by troops under Lu Junyi, Huyan Zhuo and others, and drowned as he chased across a stream.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Description: character in Water Margin[^wikidata]\n- Setting recorded on this entry: the Song dynasty[^wikidata]\n- Appears in: [[work_cn_q70827|Water Margin]][^zhwiki]", "url": "/people/si-xingfang.html", "lang": "en", "sourceLang": "zh", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "disambiguation": "Character in Water Margin", "isFictional": true, "personCategory": "literary character" }, { "id": "person_cn_q10900173", "type": "person", "title": "Liu Li", "slug": "liu-li", "aliases": [ "刘理" ], "summary": "Liu Li, courtesy name Fengxiao, was a son of Liu Bei of Shu Han by a concubine and a half-brother of the Later Lord Liu Shan. He was made Prince of Liang in 221, re-enfeoffed as Prince of Anping in 230, and died in the seventh year of Yanxi (244) with the name Prince Dao. Wikidata's structured death year reads 224, but the Records of the Three Kingdoms and Wikidata's own description point to 244.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q10900173", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10900173" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "刘理（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8A%89%E7%90%86" }, { "id": "zhengshi", "title": "三国志/卷34（维基文库）", "url": "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%9C%8B%E5%BF%97/%E5%8D%B734" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:22:12+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 7, "body": "Liu Li was a son of Liu Bei, the First Ruler of Shu Han, by a concubine. Chapter 34 of the Records of the Three Kingdoms says that Liu Li, courtesy name Fengxiao, was also a half-brother of the Later Ruler and a son of a different mother than Liu Yong. Wikidata's Chinese label is Liu Li, so the title stays the personal name.[^wikidata][^zhengshi]\n\n## Enfeoffment\n\nThe Records say that in the sixth month of the first year of Zhangwu, the First Ruler sent the Minister over the Masses Xu Jing to install him as Prince of Liang. The charge said that the land of Liang was a domain near the capital, whose people liked instruction and could easily be led by rites, and that he should go and comfort the people and keep his realm. In the eighth year of Jianxing he was re-enfeoffed as Prince of Anping.[^zhengshi]\n\n## Death and heirs\n\nThe Records say he died in the seventh year of Yanxi and was given the posthumous name Prince Dao. His son Prince Ai, Liu Yin, succeeded him and died in the nineteenth year of Yanxi. Liu Yin's son Prince Shang, Liu Cheng, succeeded and died in the twentieth year. In the fourth year of Jingyao the Later Ruler decreed that the Prince of Anping had been appointed by the late emperor, that three generations had died young and the line was broken, and that Liu Ji, Marquis of Wuyi, should take the princely title. Liu Ji was Liu Li's son, moved east to Luoyang in the first year of Xianxi, and was made a cavalry commandant and a village marquis. The Chinese Wikipedia article adds that his wife was a daughter of the general Ma Chao, whose name is unrecorded.[^zhengshi][^zhwiki]\n\n## The dates\n\nThis entry's structured record gives his birth as 212 and his death as 224. But Wikidata's own English description says he died in 244, the Records say he died in the seventh year of Yanxi, which is 244, and the Chinese Wikipedia article gives the fourth month of 244. So this text follows the Records and treats 244 as the death year, and 224 appears to be an entry error. His birth year is unknown; the Chinese Wikipedia article says only that he was born after 207.[^wikidata][^zhengshi][^zhwiki]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Name: Liu Li[^zhengshi]\n- Courtesy name: Fengxiao[^zhengshi]\n- Titles: Prince of Liang, later Prince of Anping[^zhengshi]\n- Posthumous name: Dao[^zhengshi]\n- Death year: 244 (seventh year of Yanxi)[^zhengshi]\n- Realm and status: Shu Han, imperial prince[^wikidata]", "url": "/people/liu-li.html", "lang": "en", "sourceLang": "zh", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "birth": { "year": 212, "display": "212" }, "death": { "year": 224, "display": "224" }, "personCategory": "historical figure" }, { "id": "person_cn_q11264541", "type": "person", "title": "Liu Fu", "slug": "liu-fu", "aliases": [ "柳甫" ], "summary": "Liu Fu (2nd century – 238), also written Liu Pu, was censor-in-chief to Gongsun Yuan, the self-proclaimed King of Yan in Liaodong. He was sent with Wang Jian to ask Sima Yi to lift the siege and was executed by him. Wikidata gives his death as 239, one year later than Chinese Wikipedia.[^zhwiki][^wikidata]", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q11264541", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11264541" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "柳甫（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9F%B3%E7%94%AB" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:22:12+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 7, "body": "Liu Fu served Gongsun Yuan, the self-proclaimed King of Yan in Liaodong, as censor-in-chief in the Three Kingdoms period. The Chinese Wikipedia article is titled Liu Fu and says the name is also written Liu Pu. Wikidata uses the same Chinese label with the English label Liu Fu, so the title stays as his personal name.[^zhwiki][^wikidata]\n\n## Sent to Sima Yi\n\nChinese Wikipedia says that in the first year of Jingchu under Emperor Ming of Wei (237) Gongsun Yuan declared himself King of Yan and took the era name Shaohan. In the second year of Shaohan (238) Sima Yi led an army against him and defeated him. In the eighth month Gongsun Yuan sent his chancellor Wang Jian and his censor-in-chief Liu Fu to ask Sima Yi to lift the siege and withdraw, promising that ruler and ministers would bind themselves and surrender if he agreed.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Execution\n\nSima Yi had the envoys beheaded and sent Gongsun Yuan a proclamation saying that he was a senior duke of the Son of Heaven, that Wang Jian and Liu Fu had been discourteous in asking him to lift the siege and retire, and that the two old and muddled men had already been killed.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Differing death years\n\nChinese Wikipedia gives his life as the 2nd century to 238, while Wikidata records his death in 239. The two differ by a year, and nothing on this entry decides between them, so both are given.[^zhwiki][^wikidata]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Name: Liu Fu, also written Liu Pu[^zhwiki]\n- Office: censor-in-chief to Gongsun Yuan[^zhwiki]\n- Dates: 2nd century to 238 (Chinese Wikipedia); death in 239 (Wikidata)[^zhwiki][^wikidata]\n- Occupation recorded on this entry: political figure[^wikidata]\n- Portrayal: [[person_cn_q124615203|Liu Fu]] (a character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms)", "url": "/people/liu-fu.html", "lang": "en", "sourceLang": "zh", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "death": { "year": 239, "display": "239" }, "personCategory": "historical figure" }, { "id": "person_cn_q11068912", "type": "person", "title": "Zhang Jie", "slug": "zhang-jie", "aliases": [ "张节" ], "summary": "Zhang Jie is a fictional character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms, an official of Cao Wei who holds the post of attendant gentleman of the yellow gate. When Sima Yan pressed Emperor Yuan of Wei, Cao Huan, to abdicate, he denounced Sima Yan as a usurper and was beaten to death by Sima Yan's soldiers. Wikidata records his death in 266.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-literature", "category-people", "category-fictional-characters" ], "tags": [ "tag-fictional-character", "tag-classics", "tag-four-great-classics" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q11068912", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11068912" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "张节 (三国演义)（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BC%B5%E7%AF%80_(%E4%B8%89%E5%9C%8B%E6%BC%94%E7%BE%A9)" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:22:11+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 7, "body": "Zhang Jie is a fictional character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Wikidata gives his Chinese label as Zhang Jie and describes him as a Cao Wei minister of the novel, so the title stays the name.[^wikidata]\n\n## In the novel\n\nThe Chinese Wikipedia article says he rises to the post of attendant gentleman of the yellow gate. When Sima Yan presses Emperor Yuan of Wei, Cao Huan, to abdicate, Zhang Jie objects and shouts that anyone who does such a thing is a traitor who steals the state. This angers Sima Yan, and Zhang Jie is beaten to death by Sima Yan's soldiers.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Role: fictional character of Romance of the Three Kingdoms, a minister of Cao Wei[^wikidata]\n- Realm of the setting: Great Wei[^wikidata]\n- Death year: 266, as recorded by Wikidata for the character[^wikidata]\n- Appears in: [[work_cn_q70806|Romance of the Three Kingdoms]][^zhwiki]", "url": "/people/zhang-jie.html", "lang": "en", "sourceLang": "zh", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "death": { "year": 266, "display": "266" }, "disambiguation": "Character in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms", "isFictional": true, "personCategory": "literary character" }, { "id": "person_cn_q10899737", "type": "person", "title": "Liu Hongji", "slug": "liu-hongji", "aliases": [ "刘弘基" ], "summary": "Liu Hongji (582–650), from Chiyang in Yongzhou, was a founding general of the Tang. He ran afoul of the law on the way to the Liaodong campaign at the end of the Sui, then served Li Yuan and Li Shimin at Taiyuan, recruited troops for the uprising and took part in the march on Chang'an. He was made Duke of Kui, died in 650, and was buried beside the Zhao Mausoleum with the posthumous name Xiang.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q10899737", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10899737" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "刘弘基（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8A%89%E5%BC%98%E5%9F%BA" }, { "id": "zhengshi", "title": "新唐书·卷090（维基文库）", "url": "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%94%90%E6%9B%B8/%E5%8D%B7090" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:22:10+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 7, "body": "Liu Hongji was a general at the founding of the Tang. Chapter 90 of the New Book of Tang begins that Liu Hongji was a man of Chiyang in Yongzhou. Wikidata's Chinese label is also Liu Hongji, and its English label is Liu Hongji, so the title stays the personal name. This entry records his life as 582 to 650.[^wikidata][^zhengshi]\n\n## Troubles at the end of the Sui\n\nThe New Book of Tang says that as a young man he was appointed a right guard of the Sui through his family's standing. At the end of the Daye era he joined the campaign against Liaodong, but he was short of money. By the time he reached Fenyin he judged he would be late and be executed, so he and his companions slaughtered an ox against the law and hinted to officials to arrest them. After a year or so he was sentenced to redeem the offence, then fled and lived by stealing horses. At Taiyuan he secretly attached himself to Emperor Gaozu, and, seeing that Taizong had an unusual bearing, he trusted himself to him all the more. He was treated with warmth and honor, came and went with mounted attendants, and sometimes entered the private chamber. The Chinese Wikipedia article adds that his father Liu Sheng was governor of Hezhou under the Sui, and that he killed the ox in order to avoid following Emperor Yang to Goguryeo.[^zhengshi][^zhwiki]\n\n## The uprising and the founding\n\nWhen the army was about to rise, Liu Hongji recruited two thousand soldiers. Wang Wei and others obstructed the great undertaking, and Liu Hongji and Zhangsun Shunde waited behind the hall and signaled their men to seize them. He took part in the capture of Xihe. Song Laosheng was defeated and threw himself from his horse into a ditch, and Liu Hongji cut off his head and was made right grand master of splendid happiness. When the army reached Pu, he led troops across the Yellow River first and took Fengyi. As commissioner of the Weibei circuit, with Yin Kaishan as his deputy, he went west against Fufeng and gathered sixty thousand men. He then crossed the Wei to the south, camped at the old city of Chang'an and drew up at the Jinguang gate. The Sui general Wei Wensheng came to resist, and Liu Hongji counterattacked and took over a thousand armored men and several hundred horses. Other armies had not yet arrived, and he was the first to win. After the capital was taken his merit was ranked first and he was made grand general of the right valiant guard.[^zhengshi]\n\n## Campaigns\n\nHe fought Xue Ju at Qianshuiyuan. The armies of eight commanders were wiped out, and only his force fought hard until its arrows ran out and he was taken. The emperor honored him for not yielding in danger and treated his family well. He returned after Xue Rengao was defeated and kept his office as before. When Liu Wuzhou attacked Taiyuan he held Pingyang and was again taken, but soon escaped and was made commander of the left first corps. He stayed with the Prince of Qin at Baibi and took two thousand picked troops from Xizhou to Xihe to cut off the enemy's retreat. When Song Jingang fled, he chased him to Jiexiu with cavalry and, with the prince, crushed him, and was repeatedly ennobled, becoming Duke of Ren. He also took part in the campaign against Liu Heita. When the Turks pressed the border, he commanded ten thousand foot and horse, and built barriers from Bin northward to the Ziwu range in the east and west as far as Linjing.[^zhengshi]\n\n## The Zhenguan years and death\n\nThe New Book says that in the early Zhenguan years, Li Xiaochang and others plotted rebellion, and Liu Hongji was struck from the rolls and made a commoner for associating with them. After a year or so he was recalled as governor of Yizhou and his titles were restored, then summoned as minister of the guards and re-enfeoffed as Duke of Kui. Because of age he asked to retire, became a grand general who assists the state, attended court on the first and fifteenth day of the month, and kept the salary of an active official. When Taizong campaigned against Liaodong, he called Liu Hongji as grand commander of the front army, and he distinguished himself at Zhubi Mountain, with his households raised to eleven hundred. After his death he was given the rank of unequalled honor and the governorship of Bingzhou, was buried beside the Zhao Mausoleum, and received the name Xiang. The Chinese Wikipedia article says he died in the first year of Yonghui under Emperor Gaozong (650) at the age of sixty-nine. It also says that he was impeached several times in the Zhenguan years for corruption and demoted, which differs from the New Book's account.[^zhengshi][^zhwiki]\n\n## His last distribution\n\nWhen he fell ill he gave each of his sons fifteen servants and five qing of fields. He told those close to him that if the sons were worthy they would not need much wealth, and that if they were not, these would at least keep them from hunger and cold. The rest he distributed to relatives and friends. His son Liu Renshi inherited the title.[^zhengshi]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Name: Liu Hongji[^zhengshi]\n- Home: Chiyang in Yongzhou[^zhengshi]\n- Dates recorded on this entry: 582 to 650[^wikidata]\n- Posthumous name: Xiang[^zhengshi]\n- Realm and occupation: Tang dynasty, general[^wikidata]", "url": "/people/liu-hongji.html", "lang": "en", "sourceLang": "zh", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "birth": { "year": 582, "display": "582" }, "death": { "year": 650, "display": "650" }, "personCategory": "historical figure" }, { "id": "person_cn_q11264083", "type": "person", "title": "Wei Zi", "slug": "wei-zi", "aliases": [ "卫兹" ], "summary": "Wei Zi (died 190), courtesy name Zixu, was a Late Han man from Xiangyi in Chenliu who was recommended as filial and incorrupt. In 189 he helped Cao Cao raise troops with his own wealth, and he was killed in the fighting at Xingyang against Dong Zhuo.[^zhwiki][^wikidata]", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q11264083", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11264083" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "卫兹（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A1%9B%E8%8C%B2" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:22:07+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 7, "body": "Wei Zi was a figure of the late Eastern Han. Chinese Wikipedia gives his courtesy name as Zixu, says he came from Xiangyi in Chenliu, and notes that he was recommended as filial and incorrupt. Wikidata gives the Chinese label 卫兹 (traditional form 衛茲) and the English label Wei Zi, and records his death in the first year of Chuping (190). The title therefore stays as his personal name.[^zhwiki][^wikidata]\n\n## Backing Cao Cao\n\nIn the sixth year of Zhongping (189) he used his family wealth to support Cao Cao's rising. He helped Cao Cao gather more than five thousand men, which gave him his first real fighting force and let him raise troops at Jiwu.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Against Dong Zhuo\n\nHe then followed Zhang Miao and Cao Cao in the campaign against Dong Zhuo and was killed in the fighting at Xingyang. Chinese Wikipedia also points out that Romance of the Three Kingdoms wrongly writes his name as Wei Hong.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Family\n\nThe same article names his son as Wei Zhen, an official of the late Han and Cao Wei who rose to minister over the masses; his grandsons as Wei Lie, Wei Jing and Wei Kai; and his great-grandson Wei Quan, who was a secretary of the masters of writing under Emperor Hui of Jin.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Name: Wei Zi[^wikidata]\n- Courtesy name: Zixu[^zhwiki]\n- Origin: Xiangyi, Chenliu[^zhwiki]\n- Death recorded on this entry: first year of Chuping, Eastern Han (190)[^wikidata]\n- Realm: Eastern Han[^wikidata]\n- Portrayal: [[person_cn_q15951810|Wei Zi]] (a character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms)", "url": "/people/wei-zi.html", "lang": "en", "sourceLang": "zh", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "death": { "year": 190, "display": "190" }, "personCategory": "historical figure" }, { "id": "person_cn_q10899435", "type": "person", "title": "Liu Guangshi", "slug": "liu-guangshi", "aliases": [ "刘光世" ], "summary": "Liu Guangshi (1086–1142), courtesy name Pingshu, was a general of the early Southern Song from Baoan Army and the second son of Liu Yanqing. He helped put down Fang La, held command posts across the Yangtze and Huai regions after the Song crossed south, and lost his troops in 1137 after Zhang Jun's impeachment. He died aged fifty-four and received the posthumous name Wuxi.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q10899435", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10899435" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "刘光世（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8A%89%E5%85%89%E4%B8%96" }, { "id": "zhengshi", "title": "宋史·卷369（维基文库）", "url": "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E5%AE%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E5%8D%B7369" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:22:06+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 7, "body": "Liu Guangshi was a general at the end of the Northern Song and the start of the Southern Song. The History of Song, chapter 369, begins that Liu Guangshi, courtesy name Pingshu, was a man of Baoan Army and the second son of Liu Yanqing, and Wikidata's Chinese name is also Liu Guangshi, so the title stays the personal name. This entry records his life as 1086 to 1142. Wikidata also lists Pingshu, Wuxi and Duke of Yang, of which Pingshu is his courtesy name and Wuxi his posthumous name, and neither replaces his name.[^wikidata][^zhengshi]\n\n## The late Northern Song\n\nThe History of Song says he first entered office through hereditary privilege as a military aide and rose to inspector of troops for Fuyan circuit and defense commissioner of Qizhou. When Fang La rebelled, his father Liu Yanqing was commander of the pacification office and sent him with his own force toward Quzhou and Wuzhou. He took the rebels by surprise and defeated them, and once the rebellion was ended he was made surveillance commissioner of Yaozhou and then commandant of Fuyan circuit. Later he followed his father in the capture of Yizhou and became military commissioner of the Fengguo army. After Guo Yaoshi surrendered to the Song, he was moved to commissioner posts at Weiwu and Fengning. Liu Yanqing sent several generals to strike at Yan, with Liu Guangshi as the support. When he did not arrive, the others lost their backup and broke, and he was demoted three grades. When the bandit Zhang Di raided Xunzhou, the court ordered him to attack. He feigned a retreat to draw the bandits on, then charged through their ranks with his cavalry and routed them, and was restored to his commissioner post. In the first year of Jingkang, when the Jin attacked Bianjing, he held the defile at Xingzi Fort and drove off the Xia, and was promoted. When the Jin attacked again he came to the rescue and went to Jizhou to see Prince Kang, who made him chief of the five armies.[^zhengshi][^zhwiki]\n\n## The first years after the crossing\n\nAfter the prince took the throne, he served as commissioner for inspecting the imperial tombs, handled the business of the Imperial Guards office and was patrol commissioner of the traveling court. He killed the Shandong bandit Li Yu, was made military governor of the Fengguo army, put down mutineers at Zhenjiang, and was appointed pacification commissioner of Chuzhou, Haozhou and other prefectures. He also campaigned against Zhang Yu and Li Cheng, using Wang De as vanguard, and beat Li Cheng near Shangcai. In the third year of Jianyan, Jin horsemen suddenly reached Tianchang. He went out to meet them, but his army broke before it engaged. When the emperor hurried across the river, he named Liu Guangshi pacification commissioner of the five armies of the traveling court, stationed at Zhenjiang. Miao Fu and Liu Zhengyan had long feared him when they rebelled, and promoted him to grand commandant and pacification commissioner of Huainan. Zhang Jun and Lü Yihao urged him to come to the emperor's aid, and he brought his troops to join them. He then became grand commandant and deputy of the imperial camp and, later, pacification commissioner east of the river, defending Taiping and Chizhou. When the Empress Dowager Longyou was at Nanchang, the court ordered him to move to Jiangzhou as a screen. There he held banquets every day. The Jin crossed the river at Huangzhou and for three days no one noticed, and when they arrived he withdrew.[^zhengshi][^zhwiki]\n\n## The Shaoxing years\n\nIn the first year of Shaoxing he became pacification commissioner of Huainan and the Jingdong circuit, and later took in the bands of Guo Zhongwei, Xia Ning and Shao Qing. His troops formed a force of their own that was later called the Left Guard Army. In the third year he exchanged stations with Han Shizhong, the two of them quarreled over old grievances, and the emperor sent envoys to reconcile them and sent them the biographies of Jia Fu and Kou Xun. On the Huai front he had coins cast with the legend Zhaona xinbao, used to draw the enemy's soldiers into surrender. At the end of the sixth year, Zhang Jun said that Liu Guangshi was arrogant and idle and did not fight, and should not be a great general. He added that he indulged in wine and women, did not care about state affairs, and bristled when recovery was mentioned, and asked for his dismissal. Zhao Ding replied that Liu Guangshi came from a family of generals and many officers had come from his house, so dismissing him might offend feeling. He asked to be relieved of military duties and offered up the remaining gold and grain. He was made junior preceptor and Duke of Rong, and his troops went to the commissioner's office, after which his officer Li Qiong killed Lü Zhi and led the army over to Liu Yu. In the ninth year, on the occasion of the peace, he was granted a title of merit, advanced to Duke of Yong and made pacification commissioner of Shaanxi. In the tenth year, when the Jin besieged Shunchang, he became grand guardian and relief commissioner of the three capitals to help Liu Qi, but was recalled, made overseer of the Wanshou temple and re-titled Duke of Yang.[^zhengshi][^zhwiki]\n\n## Death and judgment\n\nWhen he fell gravely ill he asked that his household be freed of levies and corvée, but the secretariat drafter would not let the order go out. He died aged fifty-four and was posthumously made grand tutor. Fourteen of his sons, nephews and in-laws were given office, and he was given the name Wuxi. In the eighth year of Qiandao he was posthumously made Prince of Ancheng, and in the first year of Kaixi Prince of Fu. The History of Song says that he rose earliest among the generals, but was lax in discipline, had no method in managing troops, would not take on the work of the state, and kept the bandits alive to enrich himself, which public opinion condemned. Once he told the emperor that he wished to give all his strength to the country and that future historians would put his merit first, and the emperor answered that he should not offer empty words but show it in his actions. The History says that because he gave up military command early and drifted with the times, Qin Hui did not fear him, and so he kept his honor to the end of his life, though he was far inferior to Han Shizhong and Yue Fei.[^zhengshi]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Name: Liu Guangshi[^zhengshi]\n- Courtesy name: Pingshu[^zhengshi]\n- Home: Baoan Army[^zhengshi]\n- Dates recorded on this entry: 1086 to 1142[^wikidata]\n- Posthumous name: Wuxi[^zhengshi]\n- Realm and occupation: Song dynasty, general[^wikidata]", "url": "/people/liu-guangshi.html", "lang": "en", "sourceLang": "zh", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "birth": { "year": 1086, "display": "1086" }, "death": { "year": 1142, "display": "1142" }, "personCategory": "historical figure" }, { "id": "person_cn_q11067541", "type": "person", "title": "Zhang Shao", "slug": "zhang-shao", "aliases": [ "张绍" ], "summary": "Zhang Shao is a character in Investiture of the Gods who sets up the Red Sand formation, one of the Ten Heavenly Lords of Golden Turtle Island. King Wu of Zhou goes in to break it himself and suffers for a hundred days inside before the Southern Pole Immortal rescues him. The Immortal fans away the red sand with the five-fire seven-bird fan, and the White Crane Boy gives Zhang Shao the fatal blow.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-literature", "category-people", "category-fictional-characters" ], "tags": [ "tag-fictional-character", "tag-classics" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q11067541", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11067541" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "张绍 (封神演义)（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BC%A0%E7%BB%8D_(%E5%B0%81%E7%A5%9E%E6%BC%94%E4%B9%89)" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:22:05+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 7, "body": "Zhang Shao is a character in Investiture of the Gods. Both Wikidata and the Chinese Wikipedia article are titled Zhang Shao, and Wikidata also lists the traditional-character form. It is a name from the novel, so the heading stays Zhang Shao. He is recorded as male, and Wikidata records a death year of 1100 BCE.[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n\n## The Red Sand formation\n\nIn the Chinese Wikipedia list of characters, Zhang Shao's name appears in the entries for the Southern Pole Immortal and King Wu of Zhou, in both cases in connection with the Red Sand formation he sets up. The Southern Pole Immortal is the eldest disciple of the Primal Beginning Heavenly Venerable. He often helps Jiang Ziya but seldom fights directly, and acts only to break Zhang Shao's Red Sand formation and the Wanxian formation of the Heavenly Teacher Tongtian. In breaking the Red Sand formation he fans the red sand away with the five-fire seven-bird fan, and then the White Crane Boy gives Zhang Shao the fatal blow.[^zhwiki]\n\n## King Wu enters the formation\n\nThe article says King Wu, Ji Fa, did not cultivate the Way and was not a general who fights at the front, and he appears very rarely in Investiture of the Gods. He comes forward in person only when Zhang Shao sets up the Red Sand formation, suffers inside it for a hundred days, and is finally rescued by the Southern Pole Immortal, which the article treats as the price he had to pay in the war. The entry on Leizhenzi also mentions that he protected King Wu in the Red Sand formation.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Affiliation\n\nThe article describes the Ten Heavenly Lords, also called nine lords and a sage, as ten practitioners of Golden Turtle Island, each in charge of a mysterious formation. After Wen Zhong lost at Xiqi, they set up their formations one after another against the Zhou officers and the Chan disciples, were all finally broken, and were afterwards invested as regular gods of the Thunder Department. The Red Sand formation is one of the ten fatal formations. The article does not give a separate life of Zhang Shao.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Description: character of Investiture of the Gods[^wikidata]\n- Appears in: [[work_cn_q1336310|Investiture of the Gods]][^zhwiki]", "url": "/people/zhang-shao.html", "lang": "en", "sourceLang": "zh", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "disambiguation": "Character in Investiture of the Gods", "isFictional": true, "personCategory": "literary character" }, { "id": "person_cn_q11066568", "type": "person", "title": "Zhang Gongjin", "slug": "zhang-gongjin", "aliases": [ "张公谨" ], "summary": "Zhang Gongjin (594–632), courtesy name Hongshen, was a man of Fanshui in Weizhou and an early Tang general. Before the Xuanwu Gate incident he urged the Prince of Qin to act rather than rely on divination, and during the coup he closed the gate alone against the Crown Prince's troops. As governor of Daizhou he set out six reasons to attack the Eastern Turks, served as Li Jing's deputy, and died in 632 as governor of Xiangzhou with the name Xiang.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q11066568", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11066568" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "张公谨（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BC%A0%E5%85%AC%E8%B0%A8" }, { "id": "zhengshi", "title": "新唐书/卷089（维基文库）", "url": "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%94%90%E6%9B%B8/%E5%8D%B7089" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:22:01+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 7, "body": "Zhang Gongjin was an early Tang general and statesman. Chapter 89 of the New Book of Tang begins that Zhang Gongjin, courtesy name Hongshen, was a man of Fanshui in Weizhou. Wikidata's Chinese label is Zhang Gongjin and its English label is Zhang Gongjin, so the title stays the personal name. This entry records his life as 594 to 2 May 632.[^wikidata][^zhengshi]\n\n## Joining the Tang and the Prince of Qin\n\nThe New Book of Tang says he was an official of Xu Shichong, prefect's chief of staff at Weizhou, and with the prefect Cui Shu he surrendered the city to the Tang. He was made acting assistant in Zouzhou and rose to chief of staff in the right guard, but was not yet known. Li Ji and Yuchi Jingde recommended him several times to the Prince of Qin, who brought him into his office. The Chinese Wikipedia article adds that his grandfather was Zhang Ganzhi and his father Zhang Shiru, and that he joined the Tang in the first year of Wude (618).[^zhengshi][^zhwiki]\n\n## The Xuanwu Gate incident\n\nThe New Book records that when the Prince of Qin was about to move against the Crown Prince and the Prince of Chao, he had a diviner read the omens. Zhang Gongjin came in from outside, threw the tortoise shell to the floor, and said that divination is for settling doubt, that here there was none, and asked what would be the point of divining, and whether he would stop if the result were bad. The prince said well. After the Crown Prince died, his followers attacked the Xuanwu Gate fiercely, and Zhang Gongjin alone shut the gate against them. For this he was made general of the left guard, enfeoffed as Duke of Dingyuan, and given a thousand households in practice. The Chinese Wikipedia article adds that the attackers were two thousand elite troops of the Eastern Palace and the Prince of Qi's household under Feng Li, Xue Wanche and Xie Shufang, and that he, strong of arm, closed the gate alone and held them off.[^zhengshi][^zhwiki]\n\n## Daizhou and the case for attacking the Turks\n\nThe New Book says that in the early Zhenguan years he was governor of Daizhou, established military farms to save grain transport, and often spoke on affairs, with Taizong adopting much of it. He then served as Li Jing's deputy in dealing with the Turks and listed six reasons to attack to the emperor. Jieli was indulging his desires and violence, killing the good and favoring petty men, so the ruler was benighted above. Tribes such as the Tongluo, Pugu, Huihe and Yantuo had set up their own chiefs and were turning on him, so there was revolt below. Tuli had been suspected and fled with light cavalry, Tuoshe's expedition was lost, and Yugu had lost his army, so the troops were beaten and the generals defeated. Frost and drought in the north had left grain supplies short. Jieli was cold to his own Turks and close to the other Hu, whose nature is to turn, so when a great army came there would be trouble inside. And the many Chinese in the north had gathered in strongholds in the hills and would answer when the royal army appeared. Taizong agreed with the plan. After Dingxiang fell and Jieli was beaten, an imperial letter praised him, he was advanced to Duke of Zou, and was made governor of Xiangzhou, where he was known for his kind rule.[^zhengshi]\n\n## Death\n\nThe New Book says he died in office at the age of forty-nine. Taizong planned to go to mourn him, but the officials reported that the day fell on a chen day and it was unlucky. The emperor said that ruler and minister are like father and son, that feeling comes from within, and that nothing was to be avoided, and he mourned him. He was posthumously made grand general of the left valiant guard with the name Xiang. In the thirteenth year of Zhenguan his title was changed to Duke of Tan, and in the Yonghui years he was further given the governorship of Jingzhou. It should be noted that with the structured dates 594 to 632 he would have been about thirty-nine at death, and the Chinese Wikipedia article also gives thirty-nine, noting that the New Book gives forty-nine. The two do not agree, and the age of forty-nine here is the New Book's statement.[^wikidata][^zhengshi][^zhwiki]\n\n## Descendants and the novels\n\nThe New Book says that his son Zhang Daxiao served as secretariat drafter in the Longshuo years and compiled the national history, wrote over a hundred pieces, and ended as chief of staff of Huaizhou, and that his second son Zhang Da'an was given the rank equal to the chancellors in the Shangyuan years. The Chinese Wikipedia article adds that in the Ming and Qing novels Romance of Sui and Tang and Tales of Tang he is a low officer under Luo Yi and later joins the gathering at Jialiu Inn as a general of the Wagang army, and that in Xue Rengui's Eastern Campaign he is killed by the Goguryeo general Gai Suwen. Those are the novels' versions, and they differ from the account in the histories above.[^zhengshi][^zhwiki]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Name: Zhang Gongjin[^zhengshi]\n- Courtesy name: Hongshen[^zhengshi]\n- Home: Fanshui in Weizhou[^zhengshi]\n- Dates recorded on this entry: 594 to 2 May 632[^wikidata]\n- Posthumous name: Xiang[^zhengshi]\n- Birthplace: [[place_cn_130425|Daming County]][^wikidata]\n- Realm and occupation: Tang dynasty, military figure[^wikidata]", "url": "/people/zhang-gongjin.html", "lang": "en", "sourceLang": "zh", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "birth": { "year": 594, "display": "594" }, "death": { "year": 632, "display": "632" }, "personCategory": "historical figure" }, { "id": "person_cn_q11096850", "type": "person", "title": "Li Chunxiang", "slug": "li-chunxiang", "aliases": [ "李春香" ], "summary": "Li Chunxiang is a fictional character in chapter 57 of Romance of the Three Kingdoms, the concubine of the attendant gentleman Huang Kui, who is secretly involved with Huang Kui's brother-in-law Miao Ze. At Miao Ze's urging she draws out Huang Kui's plan to kill Cao Cao and tells Miao Ze, who informs Cao Cao, and Huang Kui and Ma Teng are killed. Cao Cao despises Miao Ze for it and has him and Li Chunxiang executed together.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-literature", "category-people", "category-fictional-characters" ], "tags": [ "tag-fictional-character", "tag-classics", "tag-four-great-classics" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q11096850", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11096850" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "李春香（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E6%98%A5%E9%A6%99" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:22:01+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 7, "body": "Li Chunxiang is a fictional character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Wikidata gives her Chinese label as Li Chunxiang and records her as the concubine of Huang Kui, so the title stays this name.[^wikidata]\n\n## Who she is\n\nThe Chinese Wikipedia article says she is the concubine of the attendant gentleman Huang Kui and is secretly involved with Miao Ze, the younger brother of Huang Kui's wife.[^zhwiki]\n\n## The events of chapter 57\n\nIn the novel, Huang Kui has agreed with Ma Teng to kill Cao Cao. He comes home still angry, and when his wife presses him he will not say why. Miao Ze wants Li Chunxiang for himself and has no way to get her. Seeing Huang Kui's anger, Li Chunxiang asks Miao Ze about it, and he tells her to provoke Huang Kui by asking why everyone calls Liu Bei humane and Cao Cao treacherous. That night Huang Kui comes to her room and, drunk, says that what he hates is that he wants to kill Cao Cao and has arranged with General Ma to do it the next day when troops are mustered outside the city. Li Chunxiang tells Miao Ze, and Miao Ze reports it to Cao Cao. Cao Cao makes his dispositions, seizes Huang Kui's whole household, and the next day ambushes Ma Teng outside the city and captures him and his sons. Huang Kui, Ma Teng and Ma Xiu are put to death.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Her end\n\nMiao Ze tells Cao Cao he wants no reward and asks only for Li Chunxiang as his wife. Cao Cao laughs and says that for the sake of one woman he has destroyed his brother-in-law's whole family, and asks what use such a man is. He has Miao Ze and Li Chunxiang beheaded in the market together with Huang Kui's household, and the onlookers sigh. The Chinese Wikipedia article sums this up by saying that Cao Cao saw how base Miao Ze was and had him and Li Chunxiang executed together.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Identity: fictional character of Romance of the Three Kingdoms, concubine of Huang Kui[^wikidata]\n- Realm of the setting: Han[^wikidata]\n- Appears in: [[work_cn_q70806|Romance of the Three Kingdoms]][^zhwiki]", "url": "/people/li-chunxiang.html", "lang": "en", "sourceLang": "zh", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "disambiguation": "Character in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms", "isFictional": true, "personCategory": "literary character" }, { "id": "person_cn_q11097593", "type": "person", "title": "Li Fu", "slug": "li-fu", "aliases": [ "李福" ], "summary": "Li Fu, courtesy name Sunde, was an official of Shu Han in the Three Kingdoms period. Wikidata records his birth in 195 and his birth place as Mianyang. After Liu Bei took Yi province he served as clerk, magistrate of Xichongguo and magistrate of Chengdu, and in the Jianxing years as grand administrator of Baxi and other posts. On orders he visited the ill Zhuge Liang and carried his last words back to the emperor. He died of illness not long after the first year of Yanxi.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q11097593", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11097593" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "李福 (三国)（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E7%A6%8F_(%E4%B8%89%E5%9B%BD)" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:22:01+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 7, "body": "Li Fu was an official of Shu Han in the Three Kingdoms period. Both Wikidata and the Chinese Wikipedia article use Li Fu as the name, and the article gives his courtesy name as Sunde, so the title stays the personal name. Wikidata records his birth in 195 and his birth place as Mianyang.[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n\n## Family\n\nThe Chinese Wikipedia article says his father Li Quan, courtesy name Boyu, was a powerful local figure of Yi province at the end of the Eastern Han and served as magistrate of Linqiong. When Liu Yan was governor of Yi province, he executed Li Quan, Wang Xian and eight other strong local men in order to raise his reputation by severity. Li Fu's son was Li Xiang.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Service in Shu\n\nAfter Liu Bei settled Yi province, Li Fu served as clerk, as magistrate of Xichongguo and as magistrate of Chengdu. In the Jianxing years he held the posts of grand administrator of Baxi, inspector of Jiangzhou, general who displays awe, and director of the masters of writing.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Visiting Zhuge Liang\n\nDuring the campaign at Wuzhang Plains, Li Fu was sent by the emperor Liu Shan to visit the sick Zhuge Liang. Before his death Zhuge Liang told him that Jiang Wan should succeed him, with Fei Yi next. When Li Fu asked who came after that, Zhuge Liang did not answer. Li Fu carried the last words back to the emperor and saw them carried out.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Later years and assessment\n\nIn the first year of Yanxi (238) he was army inspector of the front and held the post of marshal under the general-in-chief, and he died of illness soon afterwards, during Jiang Wan's northern campaigns. Yang Xi's Jihan fuchen zan says that Sunde was resolute and keen, and the Yibu qijiu zaji says Li Fu was acute in judgment, decisive, and quick in government work.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Name: Li Fu[^zhwiki]\n- Courtesy name: Sunde[^zhwiki]\n- Born: 195[^wikidata]\n- Birthplace: [[place_cn_510700|Mianyang]][^wikidata]\n- Realm: Shu Han[^wikidata]\n- Portrayal: [[person_cn_q124586305|Li Fu]] (a character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms)", "url": "/people/li-fu.html", "lang": "en", "sourceLang": "zh", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "birth": { "year": 195, "display": "195" }, "personCategory": "historical figure" }, { "id": "person_cn_q11050431", "type": "person", "title": "Yue Yun", "slug": "yue-yun", "aliases": [ "岳云" ], "summary": "Yue Yun (1119–1141), courtesy name Yingxiang, style name Huiqing, was a man of Tangyin in Xiangzhou and the eldest son of the Southern Song general Yue Fei. He joined the army at twelve, led the climb up the walls with two iron mallets in the recovery of the Xiangyang region, and rose to Left Martial Grand Master and defense commissioner of Zhongzhou. After his father was stripped of command in 1141, Qin Gui and Zhang Jun framed him and Zhang Xian, and he was executed with Zhang Xian.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q11050431", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11050431" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "岳云（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B2%B3%E4%BA%91" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:22:00+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 7, "body": "Yue Yun was the eldest son of the Southern Song anti-Jin general Yue Fei. Both Wikidata and the Chinese Wikipedia article are titled Yue Yun, Wikidata also lists the traditional-character form, and its English label is Yue Yun, so the heading stays the personal name. The structured record gives his life as 1119 to 1141, while the body of the Chinese Wikipedia article writes 1119 to 1142, a difference of one year in the death date.[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n\n## Background\n\nThe Chinese Wikipedia article says he was styled Yingxiang, with the style name Huiqing, a man of Tangyin in Xiangzhou. He rose to Left Martial Grand Master, defense commissioner of Zhongzhou and overseer of the Liquan temple, and was later posthumously given the ranks of military commissioner of the Anyuan army and military governor of the Wukang army. In the seventh month of 1130 he joined the army under Zhang Xian, commander of the front army of the Tongtai pacification office, at the age of twelve. In the ninth month of 1133, after Yue Fei had put down Jizhou and Qianzhou, Yue Fei brought him to Lin'an to see Emperor Gaozong. The emperor gave Yue Yun a bow and arrows, a battle robe and a silver-wrapped spear, and by special decree made him an officer of the gate service although he had no military record yet. Yue Fei submitted a memorial declining it, and the emperor refused.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Military deeds\n\nThe article says that in 1134 Yue Fei marched to recover Xiangyang, the prefectures of Tang, Deng, Sui and Ying, and Xinyang army. In the attack on Suizhou, Yue Yun, holding two iron mallets weighing eighty jin, was the first up the wall and the bravest of the three armies. In the seventh month, in the attack on Dengzhou, he again led the climb. But Yue Fei reported only his merit at Suizhou and hid his merit at Dengzhou, so the court only raised him to an officer of loyal instruction and gate service. In 1135 the emperor by special decree made him a gate announcer, and Yue Fei again declined and was again refused. Soon the court discovered his battle merit and made him a martial officer of the wing. In 1137 the court named him a great officer of martial virtue and acting prefect, and Yue Fei again declined. In 1139 he was named great officer of martial display and acting prefect. In 1140, for the victory at Yingchang, he became Left Martial Grand Master and defense commissioner of Zhongzhou.[^zhwiki]\n\n## His death\n\nThe article says that in 1141, after Yue Fei was stripped of command, his army was renamed the Ezhou garrison of the imperial forces, with Wang Gui in charge and Zhang Xian as deputy. Qin Gui and Zhang Jun falsely accused Zhang Xian and Yue Yun of plotting to return Yue Fei to command, and Zhang Jun took them into custody. The censor-in-chief Moqi Xie built a false case. Yue Fei was ordered to die, Zhang Xian and Yue Yun were executed in the marketplace, their descendants were imprisoned and their property was confiscated. In 1161 Emperor Gaozong ordered the descendants of Yue Fei and Zhang Xian released and free to move from their places of exile. In the seventh month of 1162 his offices of Left Martial Grand Master and defense commissioner of Zhongzhou were restored. In 1178 he was posthumously given the rank of military commissioner of the Ningyuan army, and in 1204 that of military governor of the Wukang army.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Descendants\n\nThe article says Yue Yun married Lady Gong, and had two sons, Yue Fu and Yue Shen, and a daughter, Yue Daniang. Yue Fu and Yue Shen were given office in the reign of Emperor Xiaozong, and Yue Fu later served as minister of personnel. Nearly ten thousand descendants of Yue Fei live in the Hefei area of Anhui, direct descendants of Yue Yun.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Courtesy name: Yingxiang; style name: Huiqing[^zhwiki]\n- Home: Tangyin in Xiangzhou[^zhwiki]\n- Dates: 1119 to 1141 in the structured record; 1142 in the article text[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n- Realm and relation: Song dynasty, son of Yue Fei[^wikidata]\n- Portrayal: [[person_cnv_q11050431_q70827|Yue Yun]] (a character in Water Margin)", "url": "/people/yue-yun.html", "lang": "en", "sourceLang": "zh", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "birth": { "year": 1119, "display": "1119" }, "death": { "year": 1141, "display": "1141" }, "personCategory": "historical figure" }, { "id": "person_cn_q11091288", "type": "person", "title": "Cao Xun", "slug": "cao-xun", "aliases": [ "曹训" ], "summary": "Cao Xun (died 249) was a man of Qiao county in the commandery of Qiao, a son of Cao Zhen and younger brother of Cao Shuang in Cao Wei, enfeoffed as Marquis of Wansui Pavilion. Cao Shuang made him general of the guards while he held the regency. After the coup at the Gaoping tombs in 249 Cao Shuang and all his brothers were beheaded for treason, and Cao Xun's three clans were exterminated.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q11091288", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11091288" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "曹训（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9B%B9%E8%A8%93" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:21:55+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 7, "body": "Cao Xun was a figure of Cao Wei. Wikidata gives his Chinese label as Cao Xun, in the traditional form of the character xun, and records his death in 249 and his occupation as political figure. The Chinese Wikipedia article is titled Cao Xun in the simplified form. The two are the same name, so the title stays as it is.[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n\n## Family and office\n\nThe Chinese Wikipedia article says he was from Qiao county in the commandery of Qiao, a son of Cao Zhen and a younger brother of Cao Shuang, and that he was enfeoffed as Marquis of Wansui Pavilion. After Emperor Cao Fang came to the throne, Cao Shuang took the regency as general-in-chief and appointed Cao Xun general of the guards, with the right to go in and out of the palace.[^zhwiki]\n\n## The coup at the Gaoping tombs\n\nIn the tenth year of Zhengshi (249), Cao Xun went with Cao Shuang and others when Cao Fang visited the Gaoping tombs. Sima Yi took the chance to launch a coup and seized control of Luoyang, and Cao Xun was dismissed. Soon afterwards Cao Shuang and all his brothers were beheaded on a charge of treason, and Cao Xun's three clans were exterminated. The article cites the Wei zhi biography of Cao Shuang as its source.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Name: Cao Xun, written with the traditional character in Wikidata[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n- Death: 249[^wikidata]\n- Origin: Qiao county, commandery of Qiao[^zhwiki]\n- Title: Marquis of Wansui Pavilion[^zhwiki]\n- Kin: son of Cao Zhen, younger brother of Cao Shuang[^zhwiki]\n- Portrayal: [[person_cn_q124617455|Cao Xun]] (a character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms)", "url": "/people/cao-xun.html", "lang": "en", "sourceLang": "zh", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "death": { "year": 249, "display": "249" }, "personCategory": "historical figure" }, { "id": "person_cn_q11091096", "type": "person", "title": "Cao Yan", "slug": "cao-yan", "aliases": [ "曹彦" ], "summary": "Cao Yan (died 249) was a man of Qiao county in the commandery of Qiao, a son of Cao Zhen and younger brother of Cao Shuang in Cao Wei. When Cao Shuang held the regency he made him an attendant at court. In 249 Cao Shuang accompanied Emperor Cao Fang on a visit to the Gaoping tombs and Sima Yi seized power. Cao Yan was dismissed and soon beheaded for treason, with his three clans exterminated.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q11091096", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11091096" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "曹彦（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9B%B9%E5%BD%A5" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:21:54+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 7, "body": "Cao Yan was a figure of Cao Wei. Wikidata gives his Chinese label as Cao Yan, in the traditional form of the character yan, and records his death in 249 and his occupation as political figure. The Chinese Wikipedia article is titled Cao Yan in the simplified form. The two are the same name, so the title stays as it is.[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n\n## Family and office\n\nThe Chinese Wikipedia article says he was from Qiao county in the commandery of Qiao, a son of Cao Zhen and a younger brother of Cao Shuang. After Emperor Cao Fang came to the throne, Cao Shuang took the regency as general-in-chief and appointed Cao Yan as an attendant at court, with the right to go in and out of the palace.[^zhwiki]\n\n## The coup at the Gaoping tombs\n\nIn the tenth year of Zhengshi (249), Cao Yan went with Cao Shuang and others when Cao Fang visited the Gaoping tombs. Sima Yi took the chance to launch a coup and seized control of Luoyang, and Cao Yan was dismissed. Soon afterwards he was beheaded on a charge of treason, and his three clans were exterminated.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Name: Cao Yan, written with the traditional character in Wikidata[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n- Death: 249[^wikidata]\n- Origin: Qiao county, commandery of Qiao[^zhwiki]\n- Kin: son of Cao Zhen, younger brother of Cao Shuang[^zhwiki]\n- Portrayal: [[person_cn_q124617593|Cao Yan]] (a character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms)", "url": "/people/cao-yan.html", "lang": "en", "sourceLang": "zh", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "death": { "year": 249, "display": "249" }, "personCategory": "historical figure" }, { "id": "person_cn_q11089855", "type": "person", "title": "Puxian Zhenren", "slug": "puxian-zhenren", "aliases": [ "普贤真人" ], "summary": "Puxian Zhenren is a character of Investiture of the Gods, a disciple of the Primordial Heavenly Worthy and one of the twelve immortals of Kunlun, with his own cave on Mount Jiugong and the disciple Mu Zha. In the Ten Thousand Immortals Formation he subdues Lingya Xian, who reverts to a white elephant and becomes his mount. He later turns to the West and becomes the bodhisattva Puxian.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-literature", "category-people", "category-fictional-characters" ], "tags": [ "tag-fictional-character", "tag-classics" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q11089855", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11089855" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "普贤真人（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E8%B4%A4%E7%9C%9F%E4%BA%BA" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:21:53+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 7, "body": "Puxian Zhenren is a character of Investiture of the Gods. Wikidata gives his Chinese label as Puxian Zhenren and describes him as a character of that novel. This is an immortal's title in the book, and the cited sources give no personal name that can be verified, so the title stays as it is.[^wikidata]\n\n## Place in the story\n\nThe Chinese Wikipedia list of characters of the novel says Puxian Zhenren is a disciple of the Primordial Heavenly Worthy and one of the twelve immortals of Kunlun. He has his own cave, the White Crane cave on Mount Jiugong, and the disciple Mu Zha.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Deeds\n\nThe list records two episodes. When Yuan Jiao sets up the cold-ice formation, Puxian Zhenren steps into it on an auspicious cloud, is unharmed, and breaks the formation. In the Ten Thousand Immortals Formation he uses the Taiji talisman seal, borrowed from the Primordial Heavenly Worthy, to hold down Lingya Xian's formation of the two forms, and at the same time reveals his true body. He binds the helpless Lingya Xian with the long-rainbow rope, and Lingya Xian shows his true form, a white elephant. The elephant later becomes Puxian's mount, and Puxian later turns to the West and becomes the bodhisattva Puxian.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Identity: character of Investiture of the Gods[^wikidata]\n- Lineage: under the Primordial Heavenly Worthy, one of the twelve immortals of Kunlun[^zhwiki]\n- Cave: White Crane cave, Mount Jiugong[^zhwiki]\n- Disciple: Mu Zha[^zhwiki]\n- Appears in: [[work_cn_q1336310|Investiture of the Gods]][^wikidata]", "url": "/people/puxian-zhenren.html", "lang": "en", "sourceLang": "zh", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "disambiguation": "Character in Investiture of the Gods", "isFictional": true, "personCategory": "mythological figure" }, { "id": "person_cn_q11091010", "type": "person", "title": "Cao E", "slug": "cao-e", "aliases": [ "曹娥" ], "summary": "Cao E (130 – 143) was a filial daughter of the Eastern Han from Shangyu in Kuaiji. In the second year of Han'an her father Cao Xu drowned in the river during a rite, and his body was not found. At fourteen she wept along the river for seventeen days and then threw herself in. In the first year of Yuanjia the magistrate Du Shang reburied her and set up a stele, and she came to be honored as a water spirit.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q11091010", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11091010" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "曹娥（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9B%B9%E5%A8%A5" }, { "id": "zhengshi", "title": "后汉书·卷84（维基文库）", "url": "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E5%BE%8C%E6%BC%A2%E6%9B%B8/%E5%8D%B784" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:21:53+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 7, "body": "Cao E was a filial daughter of the Eastern Han. The Book of the Later Han, in its biographies of exemplary women, calls her the filial daughter Cao E of Shangyu in Kuaiji. Wikidata gives her Chinese label as Cao E and records her as born in 130 and dead in 143, with her birth place at Shangyu, so the title stays the personal name.[^wikidata][^zhengshi][^zhwiki]\n\n## Her father's drowning and her death\n\nThe Book of the Later Han says her father, named Xu, could play and sing and served as a ritual invocator. On the fifth day of the fifth month of the second year of Han'an, he drowned in the county river while going against the waves to meet a spirit, and his body was not found. Cao E was fourteen. She followed the river weeping day and night without a break, and on the seventeenth day she threw herself into the river and died.[^zhengshi]\n\nThe Chinese Wikipedia article tells it a little differently. It says Cao Xu was a shaman who, at the Dragon Boat festival, took a boat out on the Shun River to meet the tide god Wu Zixu and was drowned. After Cao E drowned herself, five days later her body surfaced holding her father's body. In memory of her filial virtue the villagers renamed the Shun River the Cao E River and made her a water spirit. This is the later account. The Book of the Later Han does not mention the bodies surfacing together or the renaming.[^zhwiki]\n\n## The stele and remembrance\n\nThe Book of the Later Han records that in the first year of Yuanjia the county magistrate Du Shang reburied Cao E beside the road on the south side of the river and set up a stele for her.[^zhengshi] The Chinese Wikipedia article adds that Du Shang first built the Cao E temple and had his pupil Handan Zili, that is Handan Chun, write the inscription. The inscription was praised for its fine phrasing, with the words jue miao hao ci, and is built as a riddle. According to the Shishuo xinyu, Cao Cao once tried to guess it together with Yang Xiu. In 1110 she was granted the title Lady of Spiritual Filial Piety, in 1808 Lady of Blessed Response, and in 1865 the title of Lady of Spiritual Response was added.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Name: Cao E[^zhengshi]\n- Dates recorded on this entry: 130–143[^wikidata]\n- Birthplace: [[place_cn_330604|Shangyu District]][^wikidata]\n- Realm: Eastern Han[^wikidata]\n- Portrayal: [[person_cnv_q11091010_q70806|Cao E]] (a character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms)", "url": "/people/cao-e.html", "lang": "en", "sourceLang": "zh", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "birth": { "year": 130, "display": "130" }, "death": { "year": 143, "display": "143" }, "personCategory": "historical figure" }, { "id": "person_cn_q11089105", "type": "person", "title": "Zhong Jin", "slug": "zhong-jin", "aliases": [ "锺进" ], "summary": "Zhong Jin is a fictional character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms who does not appear in the standard histories. He is the younger brother of Zhong Yao, governor of Chang'an, and a commander under Cao Cao in the novel. When Ma Chao attacks Chang'an, he guards the west gate and is cut down by Pang De when he runs to put out a fire at night.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-literature", "category-people", "category-fictional-characters" ], "tags": [ "tag-fictional-character", "tag-classics", "tag-four-great-classics" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q11089105", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11089105" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "锺进（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%8D%BE%E9%80%B2" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:21:50+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 7, "body": "Zhong Jin is a fictional character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Wikidata gives his label as Zhong Jin, written with the traditional form of the character zhong, and describes him as a general under Cao Cao in the novel, so the title stays this name. The Chinese Wikipedia article states plainly that he is not recorded in the standard histories.[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n\n## In the novel\n\nThe article says he is the younger brother of Zhong Yao, governor of Chang'an. When Ma Chao marches against Chang'an to avenge his father, Zhong Jin helps his brother hold the city and guards the west gate. At night a fire breaks out at the west gate. He goes to put it out, and Ma Chao's men slip into the city in the confusion. Ma Chao's officer Pang De attacks at night and cuts Zhong Jin down from his horse with one stroke. Pang De then opens the west gate and lets Ma Chao into Chang'an, and Zhong Yao flees.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Identity: fictional character of Romance of the Three Kingdoms, a general under Cao Cao[^wikidata]\n- Kin: younger brother of Zhong Yao, governor of Chang'an[^zhwiki]\n- Realm of the setting: Han[^wikidata]\n- Appears in: [[work_cn_q70806|Romance of the Three Kingdoms]][^zhwiki]", "url": "/people/zhong-jin.html", "lang": "en", "sourceLang": "zh", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "disambiguation": "Character in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms", "isFictional": true, "personCategory": "literary character" }, { "id": "person_cn_q11039789", "type": "person", "title": "Lady You", "slug": "lady-you", "aliases": [ "尤氏" ], "summary": "Lady You is the wife of Jia Zhen and the legal mother of Jia Rong in Dream of the Red Chamber, the mistress who runs the Ningguo house, described as a gourd with its mouth sawn off. When her daughter-in-law Qin Keqing died she fell ill and Jia Zhen asked Wang Xifeng of the Rong house to manage the household. She tried hard to stop the marriage of You Erjie but failed. The sources give no personal name.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-literature", "category-people", "category-fictional-characters" ], "tags": [ "tag-fictional-character", "tag-classics", "tag-four-great-classics" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q11039789", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11039789" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "尤氏 (红楼梦)（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B0%A4%E6%B0%8F_(%E7%BA%A2%E6%A5%BC%E6%A2%A6)" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:21:46+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 7, "body": "Lady You is a character in the classical Chinese novel Dream of the Red Chamber and the wife of Jia Zhen. Both Wikidata and the Chinese Wikipedia article are titled Lady You, and Wikidata also lists forms of address such as Eldest Sister You, Zhen's Sister-in-law and Zhen's Wife. There is only a surname and the suffix for a married woman, and no personal name, so the heading stays Lady You. The story is set in the dynasty of the novel, and she is recorded as female.[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n\n## Position and family\n\nAccording to the Chinese Wikipedia article, she is Jia Zhen's wife and the legal mother of Jia Rong. Her stepmother is the elder woman You, and her two half-sisters are You Erjie and You Sanjie. She is the mistress who runs the Ningguo house, and her character is described as a gourd with its mouth sawn off, that is, one who keeps silent.[^zhwiki]\n\n## In the story\n\nThe article says that when her daughter-in-law Qin Keqing died, she was ill and could not manage the household, so Jia Zhen asked Wang Xifeng of the Rong house to take over. She tried hard to stop the marriage of You Erjie, but did not succeed. Later, when Wang Xifeng found that Jia Lian had secretly married You Erjie, she made a scene in the Ningguo house, and Lady You, at a loss, could only let her go on.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Description: character in Dream of the Red Chamber, wife of Jia Zhen[^wikidata]\n- Other forms of address: Eldest Sister You, Zhen's Sister-in-law, Zhen's Wife[^wikidata]\n- Setting recorded on this entry: the dynasty of the novel[^wikidata]\n- Appears in: [[work_cn_q8265|Dream of the Red Chamber]][^zhwiki]", "url": "/people/lady-you.html", "lang": "en", "sourceLang": "zh", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "disambiguation": "Character in Dream of the Red Chamber", "isFictional": true, "personCategory": "literary character" }, { "id": "person_cn_q11078118", "type": "person", "title": "Jieyin Daoren", "slug": "jieyin-daoren", "aliases": [ "接引道人" ], "summary": "Jieyin Daoren is a character of Investiture of the Gods and, with Zhunti Daoren, a head of the Western teaching, whose role is to lead immortals of the Chan and Jie teachings who have a bond with the West to the West. He is sixteen chi tall and wears his hair in a topknot, and his treasures are the sarira, the green-lotus banner, a whisk and the pouch of heaven and earth. In the Ten Thousand Immortals Formation he gathers into the pouch all who share that bond.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-literature", "category-people", "category-fictional-characters" ], "tags": [ "tag-fictional-character", "tag-classics" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q11078118", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11078118" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "接引道人（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8E%A5%E5%BC%95%E9%81%93%E4%BA%BA" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:21:46+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 7, "body": "Jieyin Daoren is a character of Investiture of the Gods. Wikidata gives his Chinese label as Jieyin Daoren, describes him as a character of the novel, and lists the alternative name Western Teaching Master. This is a title and the cited sources give no personal name that can be verified, so the title stays as it is.[^wikidata]\n\n## Identity and appearance\n\nThe Chinese Wikipedia list of characters of the novel says that Jieyin Daoren and Zhunti Daoren are the heads of the Western teaching. In the story their part is to lead immortals of the Chan or Jie teachings who have a bond with the Western teaching to the West. Jieyin Daoren is sixteen chi tall and wears his hair in a topknot. His treasures are the sarira, the green-lotus banner, a whisk, and the pouch of heaven and earth.[^zhwiki]\n\n## His part in the story\n\nThe list says that after the Jie teaching master Tongtian mobilizes his disciples to set up the Zhuxian and Ten Thousand Immortals formations, Laozi, the Primordial Heavenly Worthy and the two Western masters Jieyin Daoren and Zhunti Daoren all step in to help Jiang Ziya. The conflict is ended by the mediation of Hongjun. In the Ten Thousand Immortals Formation Jieyin Daoren puts into the pouch every immortal and Daoist who shares a bond with the Western teaching. One of the senior disciples of the Jie teaching, the Holy Mother Guiling, is struck by his prayer beads and returns to her form as a turtle, and the White Lotus Boy then lets mosquitoes drain her to an empty shell.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Identity: character of Investiture of the Gods[^wikidata]\n- Alternative name: Western Teaching Master[^wikidata]\n- Appearance: sixteen chi tall, hair in a topknot[^zhwiki]\n- Treasures: sarira, green-lotus banner, whisk, pouch of heaven and earth[^zhwiki]\n- Appears in: [[work_cn_q1336310|Investiture of the Gods]][^wikidata]", "url": "/people/jieyin-daoren.html", "lang": "en", "sourceLang": "zh", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "disambiguation": "Character in Investiture of the Gods", "isFictional": true, "personCategory": "mythological figure" }, { "id": "person_cn_q11046726", "type": "person", "title": "Wang Jin", "slug": "wang-jin", "aliases": [ "王进" ], "summary": "Wang Jin is the arms instructor of the eight-hundred-thousand imperial guards at Dongjing in the novel Water Margin, skilled in all eighteen weapons and above all in the staff. Having offended the grand commandant Gao Qiu, he flees by night with his mother, teaches and takes Shi Jin as a pupil at the Shi estate, then goes on to Yan'an, after which he does not appear in the book. The Chinese Wikipedia article says a historical person of this name also existed.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-literature", "category-people", "category-fictional-characters" ], "tags": [ "tag-fictional-character", "tag-classics", "tag-four-great-classics" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q11046726", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11046726" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "王进 (宋朝)（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E9%80%B2_(%E5%AE%8B%E6%9C%9D)" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:21:44+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 9, "body": "Wang Jin is a character in the classical novel Water Margin. Wikidata writes the Chinese name in traditional characters, and the Chinese Wikipedia article is titled Wang Jin (Song dynasty), so the heading stays the personal name. The story is set in the Song dynasty, and he is recorded as male.[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n\n## Appearance\n\nAccording to the Chinese Wikipedia article, Wang Jin is first mentioned in chapter two of the book, titled Instructor Wang Secretly Goes to Yan'an and the Nine-Dragon Shi Jin Makes Trouble at the Shi Estate. He is the instructor of the eight-hundred-thousand imperial guards at Dongjing and Bianliang, a master of all eighteen weapons and above all of the staff. When Gao Qiu took office as grand commandant, he invited the whole court to a feast, and the officials, afraid of his power, all attended. Only Wang Jin, who was gravely ill, could not come. Gao Qiu had him carried from his sickbed and wanted to give him twenty blows, then found that the man who had once humbled him in the street when he was a ruffian was Wang Jin's father. With old and new grudges he wanted to kill Wang Jin, and only the pleas of civil and military officers saved him from punishment.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Flight and the pupil\n\nThe article says Wang Jin, knowing he had offended a petty man, deceived the guards who attended him by saying that he would fulfil a vow and be first to burn incense, and sent them to the Dongyue temple to arrange offerings. In fact he left his post and fled Dongjing by night with his mother toward Yan'an. On the way he stayed at the Shi estate, where old Shi received him warmly. One day he saw Shi Jin practising with a staff and could not help pointing out its flaws. The proud young Shi Jin was angry and demanded a bout, but was easily beaten, and realized that this man was far beyond himself and his former teachers, and hurried to take him as master. To repay the Shi family's kindness, Wang Jin gladly agreed. Half a year later, when Shi Jin had mastered all he knew, Wang Jin took leave of the Shis, and although they urged him to stay he insisted on going so as not to draw them into his trouble with Gao Qiu.[^zhwiki]\n\n## End\n\nThe article says that after Shi Jin killed officials and left home, he hoped to find Wang Jin, and with the help of Lu Zhishen, who had some contacts through his work, learned that Wang Jin had gone to Yan'an to join the elder Marshal Zhong. But when Shi Jin reached Yan'an he still could not find him, and no one there knew where he was. After that the name Wang Jin never appears again in the book. Later film and television adaptations either have him live under an assumed name or already dead.[^zhwiki]\n\n## The historical Wang Jin\n\nThe article says that Northern Song records contain this account: a guard officer named Wang Jin offended a high official in the capital and fled to the old acquaintance of the Younger Zhong's headquarters in Yan'an to defend the border. In the northwest he led troops in small battles with the Western Xia and won them all. He then joined the headquarters of Zhong Shizhong and Zhong Shidao in Hebei as a vanguard, and died fighting beside Zhong Shizhong in the later battle at Taiyuan. The article notes that these records do not say he was an instructor or name Gao Qiu as the official he offended.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Description: character in Water Margin, instructor of the eight-hundred-thousand imperial guards[^wikidata]\n- Setting recorded on this entry: the Song dynasty[^wikidata]\n- Appears in: [[work_cn_q70827|Water Margin]][^zhwiki]", "url": "/people/wang-jin.html", "lang": "en", "sourceLang": "zh", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "disambiguation": "Character in Water Margin", "isFictional": true, "personCategory": "literary character" }, { "id": "person_cn_q11074055", "type": "person", "title": "Cihang Daoren", "slug": "cihang-daoren", "aliases": [ "慈航道人" ], "summary": "Cihang Daoren is a character of Investiture of the Gods, corresponding to the Daoist goddess Cihang Zhenren. The novel makes her a disciple of the Primordial Heavenly Worthy, one of the twelve immortals of Kunlun with her own cave on Mount Putuo, who later joins the Western Buddhist teaching. The cited article notes that the novel merges her with the Buddhist Guanyin.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-literature", "category-people", "category-fictional-characters" ], "tags": [ "tag-fictional-character", "tag-classics" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q11074055", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11074055" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "慈航道人（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%85%88%E8%88%AA%E9%81%93%E4%BA%BA" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:21:44+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 7, "body": "Cihang Daoren is a character of Investiture of the Gods. Wikidata gives her Chinese label as Cihang Daoren and describes her as a character of that novel. She corresponds to the goddess Cihang Zhenren of Daoism and folk religion. This is a divine title, and the cited sources give no personal name that can be verified, so the title stays as it is.[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n\n## Cihang Zhenren in Daoism\n\nThe Chinese Wikipedia article says Cihang Zhenren, also called Cihang Daoren, Cihang Xiangu and Cihang Dashi, is a goddess of Daoism and Chinese folk belief, found in works such as the Lingbao scripture and the Ming-dynasty Lidai Shenxian Tongjian. After the Tang, scholar-officials urged the unity of the three teachings, and Cihang Zhenren was gradually identified with the bodhisattva Guanyin. Folk images often take the sense of the word for a boat of compassion and show her riding a dragon, a turtle and snake, a great turtle, or a dugout canoe.[^zhwiki]\n\n## The several sources\n\nThe article lists the Daoist sources for her image. The earliest is the Lingbao scripture, written around 397 to 402. The original is lost, and the passage is known only through the Wenxuan kaoyi, which quotes Li Shan's commentary. A king of the Chanli world has a daughter named Miaoyin who cannot speak at four and is abandoned in the mountains. A divine man teaches her and she begins to speak. When a drought ravages the kingdom she shows her true form, and a flood falls from heaven. A later text, the Benxing miaojing of Cihang Yuanjun, tells the tale at greater length and gives her a white jade vase with a willow branch. The Lidai Shenxian Tongjian says a woman immortal lived in the Chaoyin cave of Luojia rock on Putuo and, according to tradition, practiced there in the time of the Shang king, helping people with elixirs and sweet dew, and that people of the southern sea called her Cihang Dashi. The Soushen ji in the Wanli-era Xu Daozang tells the story of Miaoshan, third daughter of King Miaozhuang, who becomes Guanyin.[^zhwiki]\n\n## In Investiture of the Gods\n\nThe article says the Ming-era Investiture of the Gods calls Cihang Zhenren Cihang Daoren. It makes her a disciple of the Primordial Heavenly Worthy, one of the twelve immortals of Kunlun, with her own cave, the Luojia cave on Mount Putuo, and says she later turns to the Western teaching of Buddhism. Because Putuo is the main seat of Guanyin, the novel in effect combines Daoist Cihang Zhenren and Buddhist Guanyin into one character, which may be one reason ordinary people identify the two.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Identity: character of Investiture of the Gods[^wikidata]\n- Titles: Cihang Zhenren, Cihang Daoren, Cihang Dashi and others[^zhwiki]\n- Cave: Luojia cave, Mount Putuo[^zhwiki]\n- Appears in: [[work_cn_q1336310|Investiture of the Gods]][^wikidata]", "url": "/people/cihang-daoren.html", "lang": "en", "sourceLang": "zh", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "disambiguation": "Character in Investiture of the Gods", "isFictional": true, "personCategory": "mythological figure" }, { "id": "person_cn_q10952228", "type": "person", "title": "Su Yuanjing", "slug": "su-yuanjing", "aliases": [ "宿元景" ], "summary": "Su Yuanjing is a grand commandant of the court in the novel Water Margin, who fits a prophecy of the Mysterious Lady of the Nine Heavens. Honest, loyal and upright, he strongly favors amnesty for Liangshan. The court sends edicts three times, and only the third, carried by him, succeeds. The Liangshan heroes also rely on his protection whenever they fall into danger.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-literature", "category-people", "category-fictional-characters" ], "tags": [ "tag-fictional-character", "tag-classics", "tag-four-great-classics" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q10952228", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10952228" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "宿元景（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%BF%E5%85%83%E6%99%AF" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:21:38+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 7, "body": "Su Yuanjing is a character in the classical novel Water Margin. Wikidata records him as male and as a politician, and lists the form of address Grand Commandant Su. Both Wikidata and the Chinese Wikipedia article are titled Su Yuanjing, and the story is set in the Song dynasty, so the heading stays Su Yuanjing.[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n\n## His place in the novel\n\nAccording to the Chinese Wikipedia article, he is the grand commandant of the court and fits the prophecy of the Mysterious Lady. When Shi Jin and Lu Zhishen were trapped in Huazhou, he happened to be on an imperial mission to offer incense, which let Wu Yong trick the golden bells into place and take the city.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Support for amnesty\n\nThe article says he is honest, loyal and upright, and strongly favors amnesty for the outlaws. The court sent down edicts three times, and only the third succeeded, with him as envoy. Whenever the Liangshan heroes fell into repeated danger, it was his protection that kept their situation safe.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Description: character in Water Margin[^wikidata]\n- Form of address: Grand Commandant Su[^wikidata]\n- Setting recorded on this entry: the Song dynasty[^wikidata]\n- Appears in: [[work_cn_q70827|Water Margin]][^zhwiki]", "url": "/people/su-yuanjing.html", "lang": "en", "sourceLang": "zh", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "disambiguation": "Character in Water Margin", "isFictional": true, "personCategory": "literary character" }, { "id": "person_cn_q10955099", "type": "person", "title": "Ning Sui", "slug": "ning-sui", "aliases": [ "寗随" ], "summary": "Ning Sui is a fictional character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms, a Shu Han general serving as Jiang Wei's deputy. In the Wei conquest of Shu, the Wei general Zhuge Xu holds the Yinping bridgehead to cut off Jiang Wei's retreat, and Ning Sui proposes striking what the enemy must rescue: Jiang Wei should feign an attack on Yongzhou to draw Zhuge Xu back.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-literature", "category-people", "category-fictional-characters" ], "tags": [ "tag-fictional-character", "tag-classics", "tag-four-great-classics" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q10955099", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10955099" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "寗随（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AF%97%E9%9A%A8" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:21:38+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 7, "body": "Ning Sui is a fictional character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms and a general of Shu Han. Wikidata writes his Chinese name with the traditional form, simplified as 宁随, and also lists the variant spelling 甯隨. The Chinese Wikipedia article is titled the same, so the heading stays the name as given in the novel. The story is set in Shu Han and he is recorded as male.[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n\n## In the novel\n\nThe Chinese Wikipedia article says that some editions write the surname with a variant character pronounced the same as the common Ning, and that in the novel he is Jiang Wei's deputy. In the Wei conquest of Shu, the Wei general Zhuge Xu camped at the Yinping bridgehead and cut off Jiang Wei's retreat. Ning Sui advised Jiang Wei to strike what the enemy must rescue, and to feign an attack on Yongzhou so that Zhuge Xu would turn back to save it. Zhuge Xu fell for it and, fearing for his rear, broke camp and withdrew. When he later saw what Jiang Wei intended, he at once turned back to block him, but he was a step too late, and led his troops to Jiange to find Zhong Hui. This episode is in chapter 117 of the novel.[^zhwiki]\n\n## A further remark in the article\n\nThe article's section on related works has one sentence saying that in the Jiang Wei biography of the Records of the Three Kingdoms he is the new identity of Ma Su, who died in prison after the loss of Jieting, and that he helped the northern campaigns as Jiang Wei's adviser. The sentence is unclear and gives no basis, so it is not adopted here and is noted only because the article says it.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Description: fictional character of Romance of the Three Kingdoms, general of Shu Han[^wikidata]\n- Setting recorded on this entry: Shu Han[^wikidata]\n- Appears in: [[work_cn_q70806|Romance of the Three Kingdoms]][^zhwiki]", "url": "/people/ning-sui.html", "lang": "en", "sourceLang": "zh", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "disambiguation": "Character in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms", "isFictional": true, "personCategory": "literary character" }, { "id": "person_cn_q10945095", "type": "person", "title": "Meng Zong", "slug": "meng-zong", "aliases": [ "孟宗" ], "summary": "Meng Zong (died 271), courtesy name Gongwu, was a man of Jiangxia and a senior minister of late Eastern Wu who rose to minister of works. He later changed his name to Meng Ren to avoid a taboo on the courtesy name of Sun Hao, and is the hero of the filial tale of weeping in the bamboo grove that brought forth shoots, in the Twenty-four Paragons of Filial Piety. He died in the ninth month of 271 and was buried at Wuchang.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q10945095", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10945095" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "孟宗（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AD%9F%E5%AE%97" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:21:35+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 7, "body": "Meng Zong was a senior minister of late Eastern Wu in the Three Kingdoms period who rose to minister of works. Both Wikidata and the Chinese Wikipedia article are titled Meng Zong. Wikidata also lists the alias Meng Ren, a name he took later to avoid the courtesy name of Sun Hao, the last emperor of Wu, so the heading stays Meng Zong. This entry records his death as 271, with no known birth year.[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n\n## Origins and career\n\nThe Chinese Wikipedia article says he was styled Gongwu and was from Jiangxia. As a young man he studied under Li Su of Nanyang, working hard day and night, and Li Su praised him as having the talent of a chancellor. After joining Wu, he first served as a military clerk under the general Zhu Ju, then as marshal at the salt pond and magistrate of Wu. While he was magistrate of Wu his mother died. Under the law of Wu, a local magistrate who left his post for the funeral without leave could be put to death. He ignored the danger and went home to mourn, then reported himself at Wuchang to await judgment, and Lu Xun saved him from execution. He later became grand administrator of Yuzhang and rose to minister of the imperial household. After Sun Chen took power he attached himself to Sun Chen. In 258 he was sent by Sun Chen to announce the deposition of Sun Liang at the ancestral temple. After Sun Xiu took the throne, Sun Chen planned a revolt and had Meng Zong ask Sun Xiu to let him station troops at Wuchang, and soon Sun Chen was put to death by Sun Xiu. In the winter of 262 Sun Xiu appointed him right censor-in-chief.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Change of name and last years\n\nThe article says that in 264, when Sun Hao succeeded, Meng Zong changed his name to Meng Ren because Sun Hao's courtesy name was Yuanzong. In 267 Sun Hao ordered him, with the minister of ceremonies Yao Xin, to lead a ceremonial party to Mingling to invite the spirit of Sun Hao's father Sun He, and saw them off in person. In the second month of 268 he became minister of works, and in the ninth month of 271 he died and was buried at Wuchang.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Filial conduct\n\nThe article relates that while serving as a military clerk under Zhu Ju he brought his mother to live in the camp. He often felt his ambitions thwarted, and on a rainy night when the roof leaked he wept and apologized to his mother, who told him to work hard and said there was nothing to cry about. As marshal of the Leichi fishery he wove a net himself, caught fish and sent them to his mother, who sent them back to avoid suspicion and never ate fish again. As grand administrator of Yuzhang he benefited the people, and many in the area gave their children the name Meng out of gratitude. The article also says that as minister of the imperial household he once vomited barley rice after getting drunk at a banquet. The emperor decreed to ask whether his household was short of rice, and he answered that there was enough, but that he was more content eating barley.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Weeping in the bamboo grove\n\nThe article says Meng Zong's mother liked bamboo shoots and wanted some near the winter solstice, when shoots do not grow. Unable to find any, he wept in a bamboo grove, and shoots suddenly sprang up so that he could bring them home. People held that his great filial piety moved Heaven. A kind of bamboo is called Meng Zong bamboo after him and is one of the important winter shoots. The tale was later adapted into the Twenty-four Paragons of Filial Piety.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Assessment\n\nThe article quotes Lu Ji's Discourse on the Fall of Wu, which names him with Ding Gu and others among the ministers, and a comment by He Zhuo that, in the matter of announcing Sun Liang's deposition at the temple, he had no great integrity to his credit.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Courtesy name: Gongwu[^zhwiki]\n- Other name: Meng Ren (taken to avoid a taboo)[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n- Death year: 271[^wikidata]\n- Realm: Eastern Wu, senior minister[^wikidata]\n- Portrayal: [[person_cn_q124664065|Meng Zong]] (a character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms)", "url": "/people/meng-zong.html", "lang": "en", "sourceLang": "zh", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "death": { "year": 271, "display": "271" }, "personCategory": "historical figure" }, { "id": "person_cn_q10944892", "type": "person", "title": "Sun Shaozu", "slug": "sun-shaozu", "aliases": [ "孙绍祖" ], "summary": "Sun Shaozu is the husband of Jia Yingchun in Dream of the Red Chamber, nicknamed the Wolf of Zhongshan. He is from Datong prefecture in Shanxi, descended from army officers, and was once a protege of the Ning and Rong houses. Coarse and vile, he loves women, gambling and drink, and he abuses Yingchun until she dies. After the Jia family's property is seized, he writes to Jia Zheng demanding money that Jia She owed him.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-literature", "category-people", "category-fictional-characters" ], "tags": [ "tag-fictional-character", "tag-classics", "tag-four-great-classics" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q10944892", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944892" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "孙绍祖（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AD%99%E7%BB%8D%E7%A5%96" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:21:34+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 7, "body": "Sun Shaozu is a character in the classical Chinese novel Dream of the Red Chamber, nicknamed the Wolf of Zhongshan. Both Wikidata and the Chinese Wikipedia article are titled Sun Shaozu, and Wikidata also lists the traditional-character form. It is the character's name in the novel, so the heading stays Sun Shaozu. The story is set in the dynasty of the novel, and he is recorded as male.[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n\n## In the story\n\nThe Chinese Wikipedia article says that Sun Shaozu is from Datong prefecture in Shanxi, descended from army officers, and was at the time a protege of the Ning and Rong houses. His wife is Jia Yingchun, one of the Twelve Beauties of Jinling. He is coarse and extremely vile, loves women, gambling and drink, and has abused almost all the wives and maids in his household. When Jia Yingchun first came home for a short stay she was already in tears. Jia Baoyu asked his father Jia Zheng to let her stay in the Grand View Garden. Jia Zheng and Lady Wang were reluctant, but by the rules of a great household they did not keep her. In the end Yingchun died of Sun Shaozu's cruelty. After the Jia house was raided, he also wrote to Jia Zheng, saying that Jia She had once owed him money and demanding that Jia Zheng repay it.[^zhwiki]\n\n## How he is written\n\nThe article says that Cao Xueqin never lets Sun Shaozu appear in person in the book. By the method of powdering the back, he makes Sun Shaozu's ungrateful, cruel, shameless and kick-them-when-down character stand out through the accounts of Jia Yingchun and others.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Description: character of Dream of the Red Chamber, husband of Yingchun[^wikidata]\n- Nickname: Wolf of Zhongshan[^zhwiki]\n- Setting recorded on this entry: the dynasty of the novel[^wikidata]\n- Appears in: [[work_cn_q8265|Dream of the Red Chamber]][^zhwiki]", "url": "/people/sun-shaozu.html", "lang": "en", "sourceLang": "zh", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "disambiguation": "Character in Dream of the Red Chamber", "isFictional": true, "personCategory": "literary character" }, { "id": "person_cn_q10788075", "type": "person", "title": "Li Wan", "slug": "li-wan", "aliases": [ "李纨" ], "summary": "Li Wan, courtesy name Gongcai, is a character in Dream of the Red Chamber and one of the Twelve Beauties of Jinling in the main register. She is the wife of Jia Zhu, the eldest son of Jia Zheng. Widowed young, she raised her posthumous son Jia Lan, was kind and did not interfere much, was called the Great Bodhisattva, and served as head of the Begonia Poetry Club under the name Daoxiang Laonong.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-literature", "category-people", "category-fictional-characters" ], "tags": [ "tag-fictional-character", "tag-classics", "tag-four-great-classics" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q10788075", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10788075" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "李纨（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E7%B4%88" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:21:32+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 13, "body": "Li Wan is a character in the novel Dream of the Red Chamber. Wikidata's Chinese label and the Chinese Wikipedia article title are Li Wan, in traditional characters in one form and simplified in the other, and the article gives her courtesy name as Gongcai. It is her name in the book, so the heading stays the same. She is one of the Twelve Beauties of Jinling in the main register. Wikidata records the setting as the dynasty of the novel.[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n\n## Family and marriage\n\nAccording to the Chinese Wikipedia article, Li Wan came from an official family of Jinling. Her father, Li Shouzhong, was chancellor of the imperial academy and held that a woman without talent is a woman of virtue, so he did not much let his daughter study. He taught her works such as the Biographies of Exemplary Women and the Collection of Worthy Ladies so that she would know a few characters and remember a few virtuous women of past ages, and put more weight on needlework and womanly conduct, hence the name Li Wan and the courtesy name Gongcai. She married Jia Zhu, eldest son of Jia Zheng of the Rongguo house, who died of illness early and left a posthumous son, Jia Lan. She was widowed at seventeen or eighteen, kept strictly to her place and spoke and acted with care, so that her face became wasted. She knew only how to serve her elders and raise her son, and in public to keep her sisters-in-law company at needlework and reading. In the Jia house she was called Mrs Li, Zhu's daughter-in-law, or Zhu's Eldest Lady. The article says that because she had always been virtuous and kept her widowhood from youth, the Lady Dowager and Lady Wang respected her, and she also drew the largest monthly allowance in the garden, nominally ten taels of silver.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Temperament and conduct\n\nThe article says she was kind to servants and did not interfere much, so she was called the Great Bodhisattva. When Wang Xifeng was ill and recovering, she asked Li Wan, Jia Tanchun and Xue Baochai to run the Jia household, and the servants called them the three Taisui who guard the mountain. In chapter 7, when Aunt Xue had Zhou Rui's wife deliver palace flowers to most of the young ladies in the garden, Li Wan alone was passed over. In winter, when the sisters all wore scarlet wool-felt and feather satin cloaks, she wore a plain dark-blue woollen jacket, and Zhiyan zhai commented that it showed her nature. When Tanchun proposed the poetry club, Li Wan became its head with the name Daoxiang Laonong, and although she had the largest income in the garden she lived frugally and asked Wang Xifeng to be the supervising censor who paid for it. In chapter 45 she argues with Wang Xifeng, speaking up for Ping'er too, which shows a more emotional side and a tongue no less quick than Xifeng's. She is close to Ping'er and dislikes Miaoyu. The only complete poem by her is the Grand View Garden inscription written for Jia Yuanchun's visit. In chapter 63, at the flower-drawing game, she draws an old plum, a symbol of chastity.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Verse, song and ending\n\nThe article says her fate verse is the eleventh in the main register of the Twelve Beauties, with a picture of a pot of flourishing orchid and beside it a woman in phoenix crown and robe, and the poem says that peach and plum bear fruit in the spring wind but in the end none can compare to a pot of orchid. The matching song is The Late Glorious Years. The standard last forty chapters do not state her ending: after Lin Daiyu died she helped manage the funeral, and her son Jia Lan went to the capital with Baoyu for the examinations and in chapter 119 passed as the one hundred and thirtieth juren. The article says that readers speculate her end was a reward after hardship, or that Jia Lan rose in the world and then died suddenly, leaving her bereaved in old age.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Critical readings\n\nThe article notes that most studies approach Li Wan through the influence of feudal ritual on her character, calling her a type of asceticism or a living specimen of the three obediences and four virtues, while in 1997 Hu Wenwei praised her for holding to principle and so meeting a good end. Ou Lijuan argues one should not stop at the author's flat portrayal of her; her home at Daoxiang Village is planted with hundreds of red apricot trees, which suggests warmth and passion, while the design of green hills slanting across it suggests the restraint of ritual on her, so that she is a dormant volcano that is not fully extinct. Ji Xueyuan points out that her life in the garden shows much vitality, and that the division of tasks and the rules of the Begonia Poetry Club were her proposals.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Name: Li Wan, courtesy name Gongcai, also called Zhu's Eldest Lady[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n- Role: wife of Jia Zhu, mother of Jia Lan, one of the Twelve Beauties of Jinling[^zhwiki]\n- Setting recorded on this entry: the dynasty of the novel[^wikidata]\n- Appears in: [[work_cn_q8265|Dream of the Red Chamber]][^zhwiki]", "url": "/people/li-wan.html", "lang": "en", "sourceLang": "zh", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "disambiguation": "Character in Dream of the Red Chamber", "isFictional": true, "personCategory": "literary character" }, { "id": "person_cn_q10943581", "type": "person", "title": "Queen Consort Jiang", "slug": "queen-consort-jiang", "aliases": [ "姜王后" ], "summary": "Queen Consort Jiang is the first queen of King Zhou of Shang in Investiture of the Gods and the earlier tale of King Wu's Attack on Zhou. She is the daughter of Jiang Huanchu, Lord of the Eastern Marches, and the mother of the crown princes Yin Jiao and Yin Hong. Framed by Daji, she is demoted and put into the cold palace, is restored, and then dies at Daji's hands, afterwards becoming the Taiyin star. The sources give no personal name.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-literature", "category-people", "category-fictional-characters" ], "tags": [ "tag-fictional-character", "tag-classics" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q10943581", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10943581" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "姜王后（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A7%9C%E7%8E%8B%E5%90%8E" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:21:32+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 11, "body": "Queen Consort Jiang is the queen of King Zhou of Shang in the Song-era tale King Wu's Attack on Zhou and in the Ming novel Investiture of the Gods. Both Wikidata and the Chinese Wikipedia article are titled Queen Consort Jiang, and Wikidata also lists forms such as Queen Jiang and Empress Jiang. There is only a surname and the title of queen, and no personal name, so the heading stays Queen Consort Jiang. She is set in the Shang dynasty and recorded as female.[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n\n## Identity\n\nThe Chinese Wikipedia article says she is the first queen King Zhou invested, the daughter of Jiang Huanchu, Lord of the Eastern Marches, and the mother of his two sons Yin Jiao and Yin Hong, and the mortal enemy of Daji. She was exceptionally beautiful. When Daji was first chosen for the palace and honored as noble consort, she did not know Lady Jiang, and only after a few months did they become acquainted. Two years later Lady Jiang was made queen, which aroused Daji's jealousy, and Daji set a series of plots against her.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Demotion and restoration\n\nThe article says that after she was framed, King Zhou demoted her to consort and put her in the cold palace. Daji rose in favor while Lady Jiang stayed alone in the cold palace. Her sons Yin Jiao and Yin Hong told the king everything, but he believed Daji's slanders and, instead of heeding his sons, had both crown princes beaten with staves. Two months later Lady Yin, wife of Li Jing, praised Lady Jiang's virtues before the king, who then released her, and that night he made her queen again.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Cause of death\n\nThe article writes that once, tipsy with wine, Daji went out in disguise with the king, and on returning two hours later the noble consort Su had the queen beaten thirty strokes and put into the cold palace again. To prove she had done nothing wrong, the queen sent a message by pigeon to Lady Yin. Lady Yin came and found the queen gouging out her own eyes. She tried to stop her, but the queen was already dead. After that the king made Daji queen. The queen's two sons, Yin Jiao and Yin Hong, disliked Daji, and Daji slandered them to the king and had them killed. The article adds that after her death the queen was invested as the Taiyin star among the regular gods of the stars.[^zhwiki]\n\n## On screen\n\nThe article lists a number of actresses who played Queen Jiang or Empress Jiang in various screen adaptations, for example Lü Shan in the TVB series Fengshen Bang and Yuan Quan in the film Creation of the Gods I.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Description: first queen of King Zhou of Shang in Investiture of the Gods[^wikidata]\n- Setting recorded on this entry: the Shang dynasty[^wikidata]\n- Appears in: [[work_cn_q1336310|Investiture of the Gods]][^zhwiki]", "url": "/people/queen-consort-jiang.html", "lang": "en", "sourceLang": "zh", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "disambiguation": "Character in Investiture of the Gods", "isFictional": true, "personCategory": "literary character" }, { "id": "person_cn_q10761740", "type": "person", "title": "Jia Xichun", "slug": "jia-xichun", "aliases": [ "贾惜春" ], "summary": "Jia Xichun is the youngest of the four Jia sisters in Dream of the Red Chamber, the youngest daughter of Jia Jing of the Ningguo house and a full sister of Jia Zhen, raised in the Rongguo house at the side of the Lady Dowager. Aloof and cold in temper, she represents the Buddhist idea of emptiness in the book, and by her fate verse she becomes a nun after the Jia house is raided.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-literature", "category-people", "category-fictional-characters" ], "tags": [ "tag-fictional-character", "tag-classics", "tag-four-great-classics" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q10761740", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10761740" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "贾惜春（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B3%88%E6%83%9C%E6%98%A5" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:21:29+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 7, "body": "Jia Xichun is a character in the novel Dream of the Red Chamber. Wikidata's Chinese label and the Chinese Wikipedia article title are both Jia Xichun, and it is her name in the book, so the heading stays the same. Wikidata records her as a character of the novel, set in the dynasty of the novel.[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n\n## Position and character\n\nAccording to the Chinese Wikipedia article, she is the youngest of the four Jia sisters and the only one from the Ningguo house, the youngest daughter of Jia Jing and a full sister of Jia Zhen, thirty years younger than he. Her mother died early and she was raised in the Rongguo house beside the Lady Dowager. She later lives in Liaofeng Studio, also called Nuanxiang Dock, near the Lotus Fragrance Pavilion in the Grand View Garden, and her alias in the Begonia Poetry Club is Ouxie. The article calls her solitary and cold and the character in the book who represents the Buddhist idea of emptiness. By the Twelve Beauties of Jinling verses she becomes a nun after the Jia house is raided and lives in want, while in the last forty chapters by Gao E she practices at home in comfort.[^zhwiki]\n\n## A few episodes\n\nThe article records that her most important act in the garden is to paint the garden at the Lady Dowager's request during Granny Liu's visit, the so-called Grand View Garden picture, though the book does not say whether it was finished. It adds that some scholars hold Xichun was originally a figure of the Rongguo house who was moved to the Ningguo house to fit her into the whole book. In chapter 7 she is said to associate often with the little nun Zhineng, and jokes that if she shaved her head and became a nun, there would be nowhere to wear the palace flowers Zhou Rui's wife brought. Around chapter 74, in the search of the garden, the chief maids of Yingchun and Xichun are driven out. Yingchun weeps and sends keepsakes to say goodbye, while Xichun says to take the maid away, to beat, kill or sell her, she does not care. After Wang Xifeng finds out and is ready to forgive Ruhua, Xichun again refuses and tells Madam You that she is clear-headed and so cannot keep Ruhua. The article explains that the Ningguo house kept an unclean household, she wanted to keep clear of it, and she feared being drawn into gossip, so when Ruhua got into trouble she cut her loose.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Verse, song and riddle\n\nThe article gives her fate verse, in which she sees through the spring scenery of the three sisters, changes into a black robe, and lies alone by a green lamp and an old Buddha, a lady of a noble house. It also lists the song Awakening from Vain Flowers, in which she sees through the three springs and seeks the cool, quiet heaven. Her lantern riddle has the sea lamp as its answer. Her maids include Ruhua, Caiping and Cai'er.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Name: Jia Xichun, alias Ouxie, also called the Fourth Young Lady[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n- Relations: daughter of Jia Jing, full sister of Jia Zhen[^zhwiki]\n- Setting recorded on this entry: the dynasty of the novel[^wikidata]\n- Appears in: [[work_cn_q8265|Dream of the Red Chamber]][^zhwiki]", "url": "/people/jia-xichun.html", "lang": "en", "sourceLang": "zh", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "disambiguation": "Character in Dream of the Red Chamber", "isFictional": true, "personCategory": "literary character" }, { "id": "person_cn_q10855421", "type": "person", "title": "Ge Ding", "slug": "ge-ding", "aliases": [ "戈定" ], "summary": "Ge Ding is a fictional character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms, from Donglai commandery in Qing province, a fellow townsman and subordinate officer of Taishi Ci. Sent by Taishi Ci into Hefei to set a fire, he was found out by Zhang Liao, captured by Li Dian, and beheaded in front of Zhang Liao's horse.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-literature", "category-people", "category-fictional-characters" ], "tags": [ "tag-fictional-character", "tag-classics", "tag-four-great-classics" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q10855421", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10855421" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "戈定（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%88%88%E5%AE%9A" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:21:29+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 7, "body": "Ge Ding is a fictional character in the chapter-novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Wikidata's Chinese label and the Chinese Wikipedia article title are both Ge Ding, and Wikidata records him as a fictional character, a soldier, set in Han, so the heading stays the same.[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n\n## In the novel\n\nAccording to the Chinese Wikipedia article, Ge Ding comes from Donglai commandery in Qing province, and is a fellow townsman and subordinate officer of Taishi Ci under Sun Quan. His brother is the stable hand who feeds the horses under Zhang Liao, who is guarding Hefei for Cao Cao. On Taishi Ci's orders Ge Ding slips into Hefei, where Taishi Ci has him set fire to the stables so that an attack from inside and outside can take the city and kill Zhang Liao. Zhang Liao keeps calm, sees through the plan, and Li Dian captures Ge Ding and his brother. After learning the facts Zhang Liao has Ge Ding beheaded in front of his horse. Zhang Liao then sets a trap for Taishi Ci, who is badly wounded and dies after returning to camp. The article records nothing more about him.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Name: Ge Ding[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n- Category: fictional character, soldier[^wikidata]\n- Home: Donglai commandery, Qing province[^zhwiki]\n- Allegiance: under Taishi Ci[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n- Setting recorded on this entry: Han[^wikidata]\n- Appears in: [[work_cn_q70806|Romance of the Three Kingdoms]][^zhwiki]", "url": "/people/ge-ding.html", "lang": "en", "sourceLang": "zh", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "disambiguation": "Character in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms", "isFictional": true, "personCategory": "literary character" }, { "id": "person_cn_q1077571", "type": "person", "title": "Yu Fan", "slug": "yu-fan", "aliases": [ "虞翻" ], "summary": "Yu Fan (164–233), courtesy name Zhongxiang, from Yuyao in Kuaiji, was a classical scholar and official of Eastern Wu, learned in the Book of Changes and also skilled in medicine. His blunt remonstrance offended Sun Quan; he was exiled to Jing county in Danyang and later to Jiaozhou, where he taught for more than ten years and died at seventy.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q1077571", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1077571" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "虞翻（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%99%9E%E7%BF%BB" }, { "id": "zhengshi", "title": "三国志/卷57（维基文库）", "url": "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%9C%8B%E5%BF%97/%E5%8D%B757" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:21:28+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 9, "body": "Yu Fan was a classical scholar and official of Eastern Wu in the Three Kingdoms period. The Records of the Three Kingdoms say his courtesy name was Zhongxiang and that he came from Yuyao in Kuaiji. Wikidata's Chinese label is also Yu Fan, so the heading stays the personal name. This entry records his life as 164 to 233, with a birthplace at present-day Yuyao in Zhejiang.[^wikidata][^zhengshi]\n\n## Early years and Sun Ce\n\nThe Records say that Wang Lang, grand administrator of Kuaiji, made him a clerk of merit. When Sun Ce marched on Kuaiji Yu Fan was in mourning for his father. He came to the office gate in mourning dress, took it off to go in, and urged Wang Lang to avoid Sun Ce. Wang Lang would not listen, was defeated and fled by sea. Yu Fan followed and protected him as far as Houguan, where the county chief shut the gates until Yu Fan went and persuaded him to let them in. Wang Lang then told Yu Fan that he had an old mother and should go home. After he returned, Sun Ce reappointed him clerk of merit and treated him as a friend, even visiting his house. Sun Ce liked riding out to hunt, and Yu Fan warned him that a ruler who is not grave has no authority; Sun Ce agreed that he was right. Yu Fan later became chief of Fuchun. When Sun Ce died and the officials of the counties all wanted to go to the funeral, Yu Fan said hill people in neighboring counties might cause trouble and stayed to mourn in his own county. The other counties followed, and the region stayed calm. The province later recommended him as a talented scholar, the Han court summoned him as imperial censor, and Cao Cao called him to the office of the minister of works, but he took none of these posts.[^zhengshi]\n\n## Under Sun Quan\n\nSun Quan made him cavalry commandant. He repeatedly remonstrated to Sun Quan's face and Sun Quan was not pleased. He was also out of step with the customs of the day and was often slandered, and was exiled to Jing county in Danyang. When Lü Meng planned to take Guan Yu's territory, he feigned illness and went back to Jianye, and asked to take Yu Fan along on the grounds that Yu Fan knew medicine, which was also a way to have him released. When Lü Meng's army went up west and the grand administrator of Nan commandery, Mi Fang, opened the city to surrender, Lü Meng played music on the sand before taking the city. Yu Fan reminded him that not everyone in the city could be trusted and that he should go in and take control first. Lü Meng followed this, and there turned out to be an ambush in the city that his warning prevented. After Guan Yu's defeat Sun Quan had him divine, and he said that within two days Guan Yu would be beheaded, which came true. Sun Quan said he was no match for Fu Xi but could be compared to Dongfang Shuo.[^zhengshi]\n\n## Blunt speech and its cost\n\nThe Records tell how the Wei general Yu Jin had been taken prisoner by Guan Yu, and Sun Quan freed him and rode out with him side by side. Yu Fan rebuked Yu Jin as a surrendered captive who dared ride level with his lord and was about to strike him with a whip, but Sun Quan stopped him. Later Yu Jin wept at the music at a banquet on the ship, and Yu Fan said he was seeking pardon by pretense, which displeased Sun Quan. After Sun Quan became King of Wu, at the end of a feast he rose to pour wine himself, and Yu Fan lay on the floor pretending to be drunk and would not take it. When Sun Quan left, Yu Fan got up and sat again. Sun Quan was furious and drew his sword to strike him. The minister of agriculture Liu Ji got up and held him back with a remonstrance, and Yu Fan was spared. Meeting Mi Fang on the river, he once shouted at him that one who had lost loyalty and good faith had no right to serve a lord, and when a gate was shut against his carriage at Mi Fang's camp, he again protested, so that Mi Fang looked ashamed. He was open and had many lapses when drunk. When Sun Quan and Zhang Zhao spoke of immortals, he pointed at Zhang Zhao and said they were all dead men talking about immortals, and that there were no immortals in the world. Sun Quan's anger had piled up over time, and he finally moved Yu Fan to Jiaozhou.[^zhengshi]\n\n## Exile and death\n\nThe Records say that although he was in exile he never tired of teaching, and often had several hundred pupils. He also wrote commentaries on the Laozi, the Analects and the Guoyu that were passed down. The notes quote the Fan Biezhuan with his memorial on his own commentary on the Changes and another pointing out errors in Zheng Xuan's commentary on the Book of Documents. He spent more than ten years in the south and died at seventy. His body was returned to his old grave and his wife and children were allowed to go home. The Jiangbiao zhuan in the notes says that when Sun Quan's expedition to Liaodong lost many men in a storm, he regretted it, called Yu Fan a straight speaker and the Zhou She of the state, and ordered him found, but Yu Fan had already died.[^zhengshi]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Name: Yu Fan[^zhengshi]\n- Courtesy name: Zhongxiang[^zhengshi]\n- Dates recorded on this entry: 164–233[^wikidata]\n- Home: Yuyao, Kuaiji[^zhengshi]\n- Birthplace: [[place_cn_330281|Yuyao]][^wikidata]\n- Affiliation: Eastern Wu[^wikidata]\n- Portrayal: [[person_cn_q123785755|Yu Fan]] (a character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms)", "url": "/people/yu-fan.html", "lang": "en", "sourceLang": "zh", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "birth": { "year": 164, "display": "164" }, "death": { "year": 233, "display": "233" }, "personCategory": "historical figure" }, { "id": "person_cn_q10761739", "type": "person", "title": "Jia Yuanchun", "slug": "jia-yuanchun", "aliases": [ "贾元春" ], "summary": "Jia Yuanchun is a character in Dream of the Red Chamber, a daughter of Jia Zheng and Lady Wang and the elder full sister of Jia Baoyu, named Yuanchun because she was born on the first day of the first month. After being chosen for the palace she is made Virtuous Consort, and the Jia house builds the Grand View Garden for her visit home. The last forty chapters have her die in the palace, with contradictory statements about her age.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-literature", "category-people", "category-fictional-characters" ], "tags": [ "tag-fictional-character", "tag-classics", "tag-four-great-classics" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q10761739", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10761739" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "贾元春（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B3%88%E5%85%83%E6%98%A5" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:21:25+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 7, "body": "Jia Yuanchun is a character in the novel Dream of the Red Chamber. Wikidata's Chinese label and the Chinese Wikipedia article title are both Jia Yuanchun, and it is her name in the book, so the heading stays the same. She is a daughter of Jia Zheng and Lady Wang and the elder full sister of Jia Baoyu, and was named Yuanchun because she was born on the first day of the first month. Wikidata records her as a character of the novel, set in the dynasty of the novel.[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n\n## Her story\n\nAccording to the Chinese Wikipedia article, Yuanchun taught Jia Baoyu to read when he was small and was later chosen for the palace. In chapter 16 the Jia house receives an imperial edict making her secretary of the Fengzao palace and Virtuous Consort. When the court later allows palace consorts to visit their families, the Jia house builds the Grand View Garden to prepare for her visit, and she personally gives names to many of its buildings. The article says that in the last forty chapters published by Gao E and Cheng Weiyuan (the Cheng Jia edition), she dies in the palace of an illness after putting on weight, her mouth choked with phlegm, and is posthumously named Virtuous and Gentle Consort. In chapter 18, during her visit home, she chooses four plays, all tragedies; by the commentary of Zhiyan zhai they foreshadow the fall of the Jia house, the death of the consort, Zhen Baoyu's return of the jade and the death of Daiyu.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Contradictions about her age\n\nThe article points out that the book contradicts itself on her dates. Chapter 86 says she was born on the first day of the first month of a jiashen year, and chapter 95 says she died on the nineteenth of the twelfth month of a jiayin year at forty-three, but by the first statement she would be about thirty-three, and the later revised Cheng Yi edition changes it to thirty-one. It also notes that on the Cheng Jia text she would be twenty-five years older than Baoyu, while Lady Wang bore Baoyu at thirty-five, which would make her ten when Yuanchun was born, which is impossible. Liu Xinwu reads the song line about her fair spirit drifting away as hinting she was strangled in court intrigue, which the article says has no basis in the text.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Verse, riddle and name\n\nThe article gives her fate verse, with lines such as the pomegranate blossoms lighting up the palace and the tiger and hare meeting in a great dream, and lists the song Hate of Impermanence in the Dream of the Red Chamber suite, in which her life has gone to the underworld and she tells her parents in a dream to withdraw early. Her lantern riddle has the firecracker as its answer. Her maid is Baoqin. The article quotes Zhiyan zhai's remark that the names of the four sisters Yuanchun, Yingchun, Tanchun and Xichun sound together like the phrase meaning she should be sighed over.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Name: Jia Yuanchun, also called the Consort Yuan or the Virtuous Consort[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n- Relations: daughter of Jia Zheng and Lady Wang, elder full sister of Jia Baoyu[^zhwiki]\n- Setting recorded on this entry: the dynasty of the novel[^wikidata]\n- Appears in: [[work_cn_q8265|Dream of the Red Chamber]][^zhwiki]", "url": "/people/jia-yuanchun.html", "lang": "en", "sourceLang": "zh", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "disambiguation": "Character in Dream of the Red Chamber", "isFictional": true, "personCategory": "literary character" }, { "id": "person_cn_q10761738", "type": "person", "title": "Jia Yingchun", "slug": "jia-yingchun", "aliases": [ "贾迎春" ], "summary": "Jia Yingchun is a character in Dream of the Red Chamber, a daughter of Jia She of the Rongguo house by a concubine, half-sister of Jia Lian, and a resident of Ziling Isle in the Grand View Garden. Gentle and kind but timid, she was married off by Jia She to settle a debt to the 'wolf of Zhongshan', Sun Shaozu, and died after ill-treatment.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-literature", "category-people", "category-fictional-characters" ], "tags": [ "tag-fictional-character", "tag-classics", "tag-four-great-classics" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q10761738", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10761738" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "贾迎春（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B3%88%E8%BF%8E%E6%98%A5" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:21:24+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 7, "body": "Jia Yingchun is a character in the novel Dream of the Red Chamber. Wikidata's Chinese label and the Chinese Wikipedia article title are both Jia Yingchun, and it is her name in the book, so the heading stays the same. Her father is Jia She, the elder master of the Rongguo house. Wikidata describes her as a character of the novel and a daughter of Jia She, and the setting is the dynasty of the novel.[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n\n## Position and character\n\nAccording to the Chinese Wikipedia article, she is a daughter of Jia She by a concubine, a half-sister of Jia Lian and an older cousin of Jia Baoyu. In the Grand View Garden she lives in the Zhuijin Tower on Ziling Isle, so her alias in the Begonia Poetry Club is Lingzhou. She is gentle and kind and also timid and weak, and is nicknamed Wooden Second. The article says the manuscripts differ on her birth: the Jiaxu copy says she was born to Jia She's former wife, the Russian copy to Jia She's wife, the Gengchen copy to Jia Zheng's former wife, the Jimao copy says she is Jia She's daughter raised by Jia Zheng as his own, and the Qixu copy says she was born to Jia She's concubine. Liu Xinwu holds that all these descriptions correspond to real-life models, but that the Jiaxu text fits the story best. The article also quotes what Lady Xing says to Yingchun in chapter 73 of the Qixu copy and infers from it that her mother was Jia She's concubine.[^zhwiki]\n\n## End and thought\n\nThe article says that Jia She later gave her in marriage to Sun Shaozu, the wolf of Zhongshan, to settle a debt, and that she died after abuse and humiliation, as told in chapter 109. It also treats her as one of the figures in the book who represent Daoist thought. In chapter 73, whenever a dispute arises she takes up the Taishang Ganying pian and reads it, leaving the commotion behind. It argues that she did not see the gap between plain Daoist truth and feudal society and only borrowed the idea of non-action, so that once the Grand View Garden, a symbol of an ideal world, was damaged, that thinking became the fuse of her tragedy.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Verse, song and maids\n\nThe article reproduces her fate verse, which says that the husband is a wolf of Zhongshan who is arrogant once he has his way, and that this willow-like girl from a golden chamber goes to the yellow millet dream within a year. It also lists the song Happy Enemies from the Dream of the Red Chamber suite, which calls Sun Shaozu a heartless beast and laments that her fair spirit drifted off in a year. Her lantern riddle has the abacus as its answer. Her maids are Siqi, Xiuju and Lian'er. The article contrasts Siqi's firm temper with Yingchun's weakness: when the Grand View Garden was searched, a keepsake and a note from her cousin Pan You'an were found among Siqi's things, she was driven out of the garden and later killed herself by striking a wall.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Name: Jia Yingchun, alias Lingzhou, nicknamed Wooden Second[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n- Relations: daughter of Jia She, half-sister of Jia Lian[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n- Setting recorded on this entry: the dynasty of the novel[^wikidata]\n- Appears in: [[work_cn_q8265|Dream of the Red Chamber]][^zhwiki]", "url": "/people/jia-yingchun.html", "lang": "en", "sourceLang": "zh", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "disambiguation": "Character in Dream of the Red Chamber", "isFictional": true, "personCategory": "literary character" }, { "id": "person_cn_q10825805", "type": "person", "title": "Taiyi Zhenren", "slug": "taiyi-zhenren", "aliases": [ "太乙救苦天尊" ], "summary": "Taiyi Jiuku Tianzun, also called the Great Emperor of Green Splendor of the Eastern Pole, is a Daoist deity who lives in the Miaoyan palace of the Qinghua Changle realm and delivers suffering souls. He is pictured riding a nine-headed lion with a willow branch and purifying water, and appears in Journey to the West.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-literature", "category-people", "category-fictional-characters" ], "tags": [ "tag-fictional-character", "tag-classics", "tag-four-great-classics" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q10825805", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10825805" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "太乙救苦天尊（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E4%B9%99%E6%95%91%E8%8B%A6%E5%A4%A9%E5%B0%8A" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:21:22+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 7, "body": "Taiyi Jiuku Tianzun is a major Daoist deity. The name is a divine title and not a person's name. Wikidata's Chinese label for this item is Taiyi Zhenren, described there as a character of Investiture of the Gods, which does not match the Chinese Wikipedia article title, so there is no single verifiable personal name and the heading stays as it was. The rest of this entry follows the Chinese Wikipedia article.[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n\n## Titles and dwelling\n\nAccording to the Chinese Wikipedia article, he is also called the Great Emperor of Green Splendor of the Eastern Pole, the Heavenly Venerable Who Answers Cries to Relieve Suffering, the Supreme Emperor of the Nine Yang of Green Mystery, and the Heavenly Venerable Who Relieves Suffering in the Ten Directions. Daoist scriptures say he lives in the Miaoyan palace in the Qinghua Changle realm and leads suffering souls to rebirth, and that for those who have stored up merit, understood the Dao and perfected their practice he rides a chariot of nine lions and scatters the light of a hundred treasures to receive them as immortals in heaven. Because he is as merciful as a father and lives in the Miaoyan palace of the east, Daoism honors him as Supreme Emperor of Green Splendor of the Eastern Pole or Merciful Father of the Eastern Palace. The Taiyi Jiuku Hushen Miaojing says that in heaven he is called the Blessed God Taiyi, in the world the Great Merciful One, in hell the Emperor of the Sun, among the heterodox the Lion Bright King, and in the water palace the Emperor of Deep Pool. In danger on mountain or sea, one need only devoutly recite his name to be freed from sorrow and turn ill luck to good, hence he is the one who hears the voice and relieves suffering.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Origins\n\nThe article says the cult is related to the worship of the Eastern Sovereign Taiyi and the Eastern King Father popular in the state of Chu before the Qin, that it is hard to say when it took shape, but that it certainly existed in the Six Dynasties and perhaps as early as the Eastern Han. From the Tang to the early Song it also influenced Buddhism, for instance the practice of rites on the seventh and hundredth days for the dead in the Ten Kings Sutra copied by Zang Chuan in the early Tang, which comes from a Daoist scripture.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Images\n\nThe article describes several types of image. In the Daoist lord type he stands on lotuses in a halo of light, holding a willow branch and purifying water, with nine-headed lions at his sides spitting flame. The Shangqing Lingbao Dafa says he rides a nine-headed lion and takes the form of the Ten-Direction Relief Heavenly Venerable to deliver ghosts, and that the lion's roar can open the gates of hell. The willow branch and water are the healing potion of the world. The article says the earliest surviving stone image of the Relieving Suffering Venerable is niche 62 at the Xuanmiao temple in Anyue, Sichuan, cut in 730. There is also an imperial type in robes and crown, holding a jade tablet on a dragon throne, called the Great Emperor of Green Splendor. According to the Miaojing he has transformations as numerous as the sands of the Ganges, sometimes dwelling in heaven, descending among people or living in hell, as a youth or maiden, an emperor or sage, answering the need of each being.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Festivals and rites\n\nThe article records that his birthday is the eleventh day of the eleventh month, that the day he attained the Dao is the eighth day of the eighth month, and that he descends the next day to relieve suffering. Under Emperor Zhenzong of the Song, the ninth day of the eighth month became his official birthday, called Yuancheng Festival. Large Daoist temples generally honor him, and ordinary people offer his image, tablet or incense at ancestor rites such as Qingming, Zhongyuan and Chongyang, or at rites of offering and deliverance. Rites for deliverance such as the Treasure Repentance for Crossing the Blood Lake, Lingbao Refining and the Nine Dark Lamp Rite take him as the chief deity. The article adds that, according to the Complete Collection of Ten Kings' Memorials, the Ten-Direction Relief Venerable also takes the form of the Ten Kings of the underworld so as to govern the spirits of the nine dark realms.[^zhwiki]\n\n## In literature\n\nThe article says that in Wu Cheng'en's Journey to the West the Venerable is portrayed as dignified and splendid. His mount, the lion Jiuling Yuansheng, came down to cause trouble for Tang Sanzang's journey, and Sun Wukong went to find the Venerable, who was seated high on a nine-colored lotus seat in a hundred million auspicious rays and came down to greet him.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Divine title: Taiyi Jiuku Tianzun, also called the Great Emperor of Green Splendor of the Eastern Pole and others[^zhwiki]\n- Category: Daoist deity[^zhwiki]\n- Dwelling: Miaoyan palace in the Qinghua Changle realm[^zhwiki]\n- Wikidata's Chinese label: Taiyi Zhenren (differs from the article title)[^wikidata]", "url": "/people/taiyi-zhenren.html", "lang": "en", "sourceLang": "zh", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "disambiguation": "Character in Investiture of the Gods and Journey to the West", "isFictional": true, "personCategory": "literary character" }, { "id": "person_cn_q1076745", "type": "person", "title": "Lu Junyi", "slug": "lu-junyi", "aliases": [ "卢俊义" ], "summary": "Lu Junyi is the deputy leader of the Liangshan marsh band in Water Margin, second only to Song Jiang, nicknamed the Jade Qilin. A rich man and master of spear and staff in Daming prefecture, he is lured up Liangshan by Wu Yong's scheme, and after the amnesty fights the Liao, Tian Hu, Wang Qing and Fang La, rising to pacification commissioner of Luzhou, and is poisoned with mercury by treacherous ministers.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-literature", "category-people", "category-fictional-characters" ], "tags": [ "tag-fictional-character", "tag-classics", "tag-four-great-classics" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q1076745", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1076745" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "卢俊义（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%A2%E4%BF%8A%E4%B9%89" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:21:19+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 7, "body": "Lu Junyi is an important character in Water Margin. Wikidata's Chinese label and the Chinese Wikipedia article title are both Lu Junyi, and he is also called the Jade Qilin. It is his name in the book, so the heading stays the same. Wikidata records him as a character of the novel, set in the Song state, with the death year 1120.[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n\n## Position\n\nAccording to the Chinese Wikipedia article, in Water Margin he is the deputy leader of the Liangshan marsh band, second only to Song Jiang. His family seat is Daming prefecture, the northern capital (now Daming in Hebei), where he is a rich man and a master of spear and staff known far and wide. He is tall, fair-faced and star-eyed, and imposing. The article says he is finally forced to join Liangshan against the court.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Going up to Liangshan\n\nThe article records that Song Jiang heard of his fame and wanted him to join. Wu Yong used a scheme of luring the tiger away from the mountain, going to Daming with Li Kui to trick Lu Junyi into traveling afar. Lu Junyi fell for it, packed up and left home to avoid disaster, and was captured passing Liangshan. He refused to join and Song Jiang did not force him but let him go home. Back in Daming he was betrayed by his steward Li Gu and his wife Lady Jia, who told the officials he was in league with bandits. He was jailed and sentenced to exile on Shamen Island. The guards Dong Chao and Xue Ba took a bribe from Li Gu to kill him in the wild, but his trusted servant Yan Qing saved him. He was soon caught again by soldiers and his sentence changed to death. When the Liangshan heroes learned of this they attacked Daming, captured Guan Sheng and Suo Chao, broke the city and freed him. Lu Junyi went home and killed Li Gu and Lady Jia, then formally joined Liangshan, and at Zengtou Market he took alive Shi Wengong, the killer of Chao Gai.[^zhwiki]\n\n## The contest for leadership and the campaigns\n\nThe article says that Song Jiang once wanted to follow Chao Gai's last wish and make Lu Junyi chief of the stronghold. The brothers would not agree and Lu Junyi declined, so they agreed that each would lead the same number of troops against Dongping and Dongchang prefectures and the first to break his city would be chief. Song Jiang captured Dong Ping by a trick and took Dongping. Lu Junyi was pinned down at Dongchang by Zhang Qing's flying stones, the two forces together could not take it, and only an advance by land and water from Liangshan beat Dongchang, which also settled Song Jiang as the leader and Lu Junyi as second. After accepting the amnesty with Song Jiang he campaigned against the Khitan, Tian Hu, Wang Qing and Fang La, and rose to a martial-merit grandee and pacification commissioner of Luzhou.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Ending and assessment\n\nThe article records that after the wars the court made him pacification commissioner of Luzhou and deputy commander. Yan Qing urged him to resign and leave before the treacherous ministers could harm him, but he refused. Gao Qiu and Yang Jian then feared him and put mercury in the wine and food the emperor had granted him. After eating, he was in such pain that he could not ride, and he slipped into the Huai river at Sizhou and drowned. The article quotes Gong Kai's praise in the Song Jiang Thirty-Six Eulogies, which compares him to a white jade qilin, and Jin Shengtan's remark that Lu Junyi is written with great effort but still shows some dullness, like a drawn camel, huge but not handsome.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Name: Lu Junyi, nicknamed the Jade Qilin, also called Squire Lu[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n- Home: Daming prefecture, the northern capital[^zhwiki]\n- Setting recorded on this entry: the Song state[^wikidata]\n- Appears in: [[work_cn_q70827|Water Margin]][^zhwiki]", "url": "/people/lu-junyi.html", "lang": "en", "sourceLang": "zh", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "disambiguation": "Character in Water Margin", "isFictional": true, "personCategory": "literary character" }, { "id": "person_cn_q10761741", "type": "person", "title": "Jia Qiaojie", "slug": "jia-qiaojie", "aliases": [ "贾巧姐" ], "summary": "Jia Qiaojie is one of the Twelve Beauties of Jinling in Dream of the Red Chamber, the daughter of Wang Xifeng and Jia Lian. Born on the seventh of the seventh month, the Qiqiao festival, she was named Qiaojie by Granny Liu. In the first eighty chapters she is a sickly child, and after the Jia house falls she is in danger and is rescued by Granny Liu.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-literature", "category-people", "category-fictional-characters" ], "tags": [ "tag-fictional-character", "tag-classics", "tag-four-great-classics" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q10761741", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10761741" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "贾巧姐（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B3%88%E5%B7%A7%E5%A7%90" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:21:18+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 7, "body": "Jia Qiaojie is a character in the novel Dream of the Red Chamber and one of the Twelve Beauties of Jinling. Wikidata's Chinese label and the Chinese Wikipedia article title are both Jia Qiaojie, and it is her name in the book, so the heading stays the same. She is the daughter of Wang Xifeng and Jia Lian, and Wikidata records the setting as the dynasty of the novel.[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n\n## Her naming and childhood\n\nAccording to the Chinese Wikipedia article, in the first eighty chapters by Cao Xueqin Qiaojie is still young, so her personality and traits are not clear. All the book tells us is that she is a sickly child and that Wang Xifeng asked the old, poor Granny Liu to name her in the hope of holding the illness down. Because she was born on the seventh of the seventh month, the Qiqiao festival, Granny Liu named her Qiaojie, meaning to fight poison with poison.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Several accounts of her fate\n\nThe article says that in Gao E's continuation, after the Jia house is ruined Qiaojie is nearly sold to a prince as a concubine, but Granny Liu rescues her at once. This is only a false alarm, a repayment for Wang Xifeng's help to Granny Liu long before, and Qiaojie is later married off, by Granny Liu's arrangement, to the son of a country landowner. Hongxue scholars, however, argue that she should have married Granny Liu's grandson Banr. The article says her verse and the Zhiyan zhai comments show that after the Jia house fell she was sold into a brothel by her cruel uncle and treacherous brother, who forgot kinship, and some time later Granny Liu rescued her out of loyalty, after which she married Banr and lived all her life as a village woman. The picture in the main register of the Twelve Beauties shows a beauty weaving at a lonely village inn, who is Qiaojie.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Verse and song\n\nThe article gives her fate verse, which says that when power fails there is no talk of nobility, that when the family is ruined there is no talk of kin, and that by chance she helped Mrs Liu and by luck met a benefactor. It also lists the song Leaving a Surplus of Blessings, which urges helping the needy and not to be like the cruel uncle and treacherous brother who forgot their own flesh and blood out of love of money.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Name: Jia Qiaojie, also called Qiaojie'er[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n- Role: daughter of Wang Xifeng and Jia Lian, one of the Twelve Beauties of Jinling[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n- Setting recorded on this entry: the dynasty of the novel[^wikidata]\n- Appears in: [[work_cn_q8265|Dream of the Red Chamber]][^zhwiki]", "url": "/people/jia-qiaojie.html", "lang": "en", "sourceLang": "zh", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "disambiguation": "Character in Dream of the Red Chamber", "isFictional": true, "personCategory": "literary character" }, { "id": "person_cn_q1074774", "type": "person", "title": "Xin Ping", "slug": "xin-ping", "aliases": [ "辛评" ], "summary": "Xin Ping (died 204), courtesy name Zhongzhi, from Yangdi in Yingchuan, was an adviser to Yuan Shao and then Yuan Tan at the end of the Eastern Han, and the elder brother of the Cao Wei minister Xin Pi. He sided with Yuan Tan in the quarrel with Yuan Shang, and in 204 his whole clan was killed in Ye by Shen Pei.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q1074774", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074774" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "辛评（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BE%9B%E8%A9%95" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:21:16+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 7, "body": "Xin Ping was an adviser on the Yuan side at the end of the Eastern Han. Wikidata's Chinese label and the Chinese Wikipedia article title are both Xin Ping, and the article says his courtesy name was Zhongzhi, that he came from Yangdi in Yingchuan, and that he was the elder brother of the Cao Wei minister Xin Pi. The heading therefore stays the personal name. This entry records his death in 204, his birth only to the second century, and a birthplace in the Yuzhou area.[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n\n## From Han Fu to Yuan Shao\n\nAccording to the Chinese Wikipedia article, Xin Ping was first a subordinate of Han Fu. In 191 he, Xun Chen and Guo Tu together persuaded Han Fu to give up the governorship of Ji province to Yuan Shao, and Xin Ping was then invited to serve under Yuan Shao. After Guandu, two sons of Shen Pei were captured, and when someone slandered Shen Pei to Yuan Shao, Guo Tu and Xin Ping agreed with the charge, and Yuan Shao had Meng Dai take over Shen Pei's guard of Ye.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Supporting Yuan Tan\n\nYuan Shao died in anger and worry in 202. He had wanted to name Yuan Shang, who was handsome and loved by his later wife Lady Liu, but had not said so formally. Many wished to make the eldest son Yuan Tan heir. The party of Feng Ji and Shen Pei was at odds with the party of Xin Ping, Guo Tu and Yuan Tan, and Feng Ji and his allies, fearing harm from Yuan Tan once he took power, secretly altered Yuan Shao's last wishes to put Yuan Shang in his place. Yuan Tan could not succeed, called himself general of chariots and cavalry, and camped at Liyang.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Death of his clan\n\nThe article says that Xin Ping and Guo Tu urged Yuan Tan to attack Yuan Shang, were defeated and fell back to Nanpi. His generals deserted, Yuan Shang attacked in force, and Yuan Tan withdrew to Pingyuan. While Yuan Shang besieged the city, Yuan Tan sent Xin Pi to ask Cao Cao for help, but Xin Pi instead advised Cao Cao to use the chance to take over Hebei, and Cao Cao sent a large army against Yuan Shang, who hurried back to Ye. Xin Pi urged Xin Ping to surrender to Cao Cao. He refused, yet Yuan Tan came to distrust him because his brother had gone over to Cao Cao. Shen Pei, angry at Xin Pi's betrayal, sent troops to kill the Xin clan in Ye. After the gates opened, Xin Pi ran straight to the prison to look for Xin Ping's family and found them all dead. The article adds that the novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms invents a scene in which Xin Ping, distrusted by Yuan Tan and stung by his words, dies of anger, to Yuan Tan's regret.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Name: Xin Ping[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n- Courtesy name: Zhongzhi[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n- Died: 204[^wikidata]\n- Birthplace: [[place_cn_411081|Yuzhou]][^wikidata]\n- Era: Eastern Han[^wikidata]\n- Portrayal: [[person_cn_q123678395|Xin Ping]] (a character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms)", "url": "/people/xin-ping.html", "lang": "en", "sourceLang": "zh", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "death": { "year": 204, "display": "204" }, "personCategory": "historical figure" }, { "id": "person_cn_q108030125", "type": "person", "title": "Hei Fengguai", "slug": "hei-fengguai", "aliases": [ "黑熊精" ], "summary": "The Black Bear Spirit, also called the Black Wind Demon, is a monster in Journey to the West who lives in a cave on Black Wind Mountain and wields a black-tasseled spear. He steals Tang Sanzang's brocade cassock and clashes with Sun Wukong, and is finally subdued by Sun Wukong and the bodhisattva Guanyin, who takes him on as a guardian of the mountain.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-literature", "category-people", "category-fictional-characters" ], "tags": [ "tag-fictional-character", "tag-classics", "tag-four-great-classics" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q108030125", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q108030125" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "黑熊精（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E7%86%8A%E7%B2%BE" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:21:16+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 7, "body": "The Black Bear Spirit is a character in Journey to the West. Wikidata records him as a character of the novel with the Chinese label Black Bear Spirit, other names such as the Bear Monster, and the English alias Black Wind Demon. This is a monster's title in the novel and not a verified personal name, so the heading is left as it was.[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n\n## In the book\n\nThe Chinese Wikipedia list of Journey to the West characters has a section on the Black Wind Monster (the Black Bear Spirit), to which this entry corresponds. According to that section, the Black Wind Monster lives in a cave on Black Wind Mountain and is a dark-skinned big man with a black-tasseled spear. Unlike ordinary monsters, he is rather good-natured and is friends with the elder Jinchi of the Guanyin Monastery. When he sees the monastery on fire, he rushes to help put it out, but on the way he spots Tang Sanzang's brocade cassock, conceives a wicked plan and steals it, and so clashes with Sun Wukong. In the end he is subdued by a trick of Sun Wukong and the bodhisattva Guanyin, and Guanyin takes him on as a guardian spirit of the mountain.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Companions\n\nThe same section says the scholar in white (a white snake spirit) and Lingxuzi (a gray wolf spirit) are friends of the Black Wind Monster, and both are killed by Sun Wukong.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Names: Black Bear Spirit, also called Black Wind Monster or Bear Monster[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n- Category: character of Journey to the West[^wikidata]\n- Dwelling: a cave on Black Wind Mountain[^zhwiki]\n- Appears in: [[work_cn_q70784|Journey to the West]][^zhwiki]", "url": "/people/hei-fengguai.html", "lang": "en", "sourceLang": "zh", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "disambiguation": "Character in Journey to the West", "isFictional": true, "personCategory": "literary character" }, { "id": "person_cn_q1075357", "type": "person", "title": "Lu Zhishen", "slug": "lu-zhishen", "aliases": [ "鲁智深" ], "summary": "Lu Zhishen is one of the 108 heroes of Liangshan in Water Margin. Born Lu Da in Weizhou, he was an officer in a garrison office until he killed the butcher Zheng Tu and became a monk under the name Zhishen, known as the Flowery Monk. He saved Lin Chong at Wild Boar Forest, joined Liangshan, opposed accepting amnesty, and died in a temple at Hangzhou after the campaign against Fang La.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-literature", "category-people", "category-fictional-characters" ], "tags": [ "tag-fictional-character", "tag-classics", "tag-four-great-classics" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q1075357", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1075357" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "鲁智深（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%B2%81%E6%99%BA%E6%B7%B1" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:21:15+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 9, "body": "Lu Zhishen is an important character in the classical vernacular novel Water Margin and one of the 108 heroes of Liangshan. Wikidata's Chinese label and the Chinese Wikipedia article title are both Lu Zhishen, and the article says his original name was Lu Da, his monastic name Zhishen, and that he is called the Flowery Monk because of the tattoos on his body, so the heading stays the name used in the book. This entry records the novel's setting as the Song state, with the death year given by Wikidata as 1120.[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n\n## Killing and ordination\n\nAccording to the Chinese Wikipedia article, Lu Da was tall and powerfully built, with a temper like fire and enormous strength. He was an officer in the office of Zhong Shizhong in Weizhou, and met Shi Jin and Li Zhong in a teahouse. While the three were drinking they heard that the girl Jin Cuilian was being bullied by the local bully Zheng Tu, called Lord West of the Pass. Lu Da went to teach him a lesson and killed him by accident, then fled Weizhou. With help from Squire Zhao he went to Wenshu Monastery on Mount Wutai and was ordained, taking the name Zhishen. He could not keep the monastic rules, got drunk and caused trouble more than once, and the elder Zhizhen sent him to the Great Xiangguo Monastery in Bianliang. On the road he posed as the bride in Peach Blossom Village to thrash Zhou Tong, who was forcing a villager's daughter into marriage, and at Waguan Monastery he joined Shi Jin in killing Cui Daocheng and Qiu Xiaoyi, who had seized the temple.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Wild Boar Forest and Liangshan\n\nThe article says that at the Xiangguo Monastery he was set to guard the vegetable garden and cowed the local ruffians who came to make trouble by pulling up a willow by its roots. He swore brotherhood with Lin Chong, and when Lin Chong was framed by Gao Qiu and sent to Cangzhou in exile, he followed secretly, beat down the guards Dong Chao and Xue Ba at Wild Boar Forest, and saw Lin Chong to within seventy li of Cangzhou before leaving. Gao Qiu forced him out of the monastery, and he burned the garden and became a fugitive. He later took Erlong Mountain with Yang Zhi, Cao Zheng and others, and Wu Song and others came to join them. When Huyan Zhuo attacked Qingzhou, Erlong, Peach Blossom and White Tiger mountains joined forces, Song Jiang brought Liangshan troops to help, and Huyan Zhuo was captured and joined Liangshan; the heroes of the three mountains then went up to Liangshan together. After reaching Liangshan he proposed recruiting Shi Jin, who had been captured by Governor He at Huazhou. He rushed into the city alone and was captured too, until Liangshan took Huazhou and freed them both.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Against amnesty, and his end\n\nThe article records that he ranks thirteenth among the Liangshan heroes, matched to the Heaven Lonely Star among the thirty-six heavenly spirits, and is the first of the ten foot-soldier leaders. When Song Jiang's poem hinted at accepting amnesty, he, Wu Song and Li Kui flared up on the spot, and he said the whole court was full of traitors and that accepting amnesty would do no good. After the amnesty he went with Song Jiang to see the elder Zhizhen on Mount Wutai, and took part in the campaigns against the Liao, Tian Hu, Wang Qing and Fang La, capturing Fang La alive at Wulong Ridge. After the war Song Jiang urged him to return to lay life and take office, and he said his heart was ashes and he wanted only a quiet place. He stayed at Liuhe Temple in Hangzhou and looked after the gravely ill Lin Chong together with Wu Song, who was also there. Lin Chong died. Half a year later, one night, he heard the tide on the Qiantang river, realized his end had come, bathed, changed his clothes and passed away. The article adds that in the old text of Water Margin he does not die in Hangzhou but goes back to Mount Wutai with Wu Song to practice.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Names: Lu Zhishen, originally Lu Da, monastic name Zhishen, nicknamed the Flowery Monk[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n- Home: Weizhou[^zhwiki]\n- Setting recorded on this entry: the Song state[^wikidata]\n- Star: Heaven Lonely Star, thirteenth of the 108[^zhwiki]\n- Appears in: [[work_cn_q70827|Water Margin]][^zhwiki]", "url": "/people/lu-zhishen.html", "lang": "en", "sourceLang": "zh", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "disambiguation": "Character in Water Margin", "isFictional": true, "personCategory": "literary character" }, { "id": "person_cn_q1074543", "type": "person", "title": "Dong Jue", "slug": "dong-jue", "aliases": [ "董厥" ], "summary": "Dong Jue, courtesy name Gongxi, from Yiyang in Jing province, was an important official of late Shu Han. He began on Zhuge Liang's staff, rose to director of the masters of writing and general who supports the state, and after Shu fell surrendered to Wei and was moved to Luoyang.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q1074543", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074543" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "董厥（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%91%A3%E5%8E%A5" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:21:12+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 7, "body": "Dong Jue was an important official in the last years of Shu Han in the Three Kingdoms period. Wikidata's Chinese label and the Chinese Wikipedia article title are both Dong Jue, and the article gives his courtesy name as Gongxi, so the heading stays the personal name. Wikidata records his birth as 204, with a birthplace in the Zaoyang area; the article gives his dates as unknown.[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n\n## In the chancellor's office and the secretariat\n\nAccording to the Chinese Wikipedia article, Dong Jue served early on in the staff of the chancellor Zhuge Liang, as a clerk and later a record keeper. Zhuge Liang called him a good man and said his judgment in discussion was careful and fitting. After Zhuge Liang died he moved step by step into the masters of writing, and at the end of the Yanxi era became vice director. After Chen Zhi died in 259 he rose from vice director to director, with Zhuge Zhan as vice director, and they ran the secretariat together. In 261 he became general who supports the state and Marquis of Nanxiang, still in charge of the secretariat's business, and he, Zhuge Zhan and Fan Jian handled affairs of state together. The article says that the eunuch Huang Hao held power then, that neither Dong Jue nor Zhuge Zhan was able to correct it, and that Chen Shou criticized them for being unable to set things right.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Jiang Wei and the fall of Shu\n\nIn 262 Jiang Wei was beaten by Deng Ai at Houhe. According to the article, Zhuge Zhan, Dong Jue and others judged that Jiang Wei's yearly campaigns had achieved nothing and exhausted the country, and sent a memorial asking the emperor to recall Jiang Wei to Chengdu and strip him of his command. Huang Hao also wanted to remove Jiang Wei from his post as grand general and replace him with Yan Yu. Jiang Wei became afraid and stationed part of the Shu army at Tazhong rather than going back to Chengdu. In 263 Zhong Hui and Deng Ai invaded Shu in force. Dong Jue and Zhang Yi went to defend around the Yang'an pass and later withdrew with Jiang Wei to Jiange. After the front failed the Shu defenses quickly collapsed, and Jiang Wei and others, on the emperor's order, laid down their arms at Qixian. Dong Jue surrendered with them.[^zhwiki]\n\n## After joining Wei\n\nThe article records that in 264, the year after Shu fell, Dong Jue and Fan Jian and others were moved to Luoyang, where he served as adviser to the chancellor, later holding the additional post of mounted attendant, and was sent to pacify and visit the Shu lands. Little is recorded of his later life, and his death year is not found in the standard histories.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Name: Dong Jue[^zhwiki]\n- Courtesy name: Gongxi[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n- Born: recorded as 204 on this entry[^wikidata]\n- Birthplace: [[place_cn_420683|Zaoyang]][^wikidata]\n- Affiliation: Shu Han[^wikidata]\n- Portrayal: [[person_cn_q124424922|Dong Jue]] (a character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms)", "url": "/people/dong-jue.html", "lang": "en", "sourceLang": "zh", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "birth": { "year": 204, "display": "204" }, "personCategory": "historical figure" }, { "id": "person_cn_q1074366", "type": "person", "title": "Liu Pi", "slug": "liu-pi", "aliases": [ "刘辟" ], "summary": "Liu Pi was one of the Yellow Turban leaders around Runan in the late Eastern Han. During the Guandu campaign he turned against Cao Cao in support of Yuan Shao and was driven back by Cao Ren. The Records of the Three Kingdoms contain two conflicting accounts of when he died, and this entry follows Wikidata in giving 201.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q1074366", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074366" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "刘辟 (东汉)（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%88%98%E8%BE%9F_(%E4%B8%9C%E6%B1%89)" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:21:10+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 7, "body": "Liu Pi was one of the Yellow Turban leaders at the end of the Eastern Han. Wikidata's Chinese label and the Chinese Wikipedia article title are both Liu Pi, so the heading stays the same. This entry records his death as 201 and his birth as around 150. The article notes that his death year is given as either 196 or 201 in conflicting accounts.[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n\n## Career\n\nThe Chinese Wikipedia article says that after Zhang Jue died and Zhang Liang and Zhang Bao were killed by Huangfu Song, the main Yellow Turban force was destroyed. Liu Pi led his followers into Runan commandery as bandits, while the remnants of the Yellow Turbans rose in revolt elsewhere. During the Guandu campaign he turned against Cao Cao and helped Yuan Shao. Yuan Shao sent Liu Bei to support him, and Cao Ren drove them back. What happened to him afterwards is unclear.[^zhwiki]\n\n## The conflicting accounts of his death\n\nThe article points out that Chen Shou's Records of the Three Kingdoms is inconsistent on his death. The annals of Emperor Wu say that in the first year of Jian'an the Yellow Turbans of Runan and Yingchuan, He Yi, Liu Pi, Huang Shao, He Man and others, each with tens of thousands of followers, at first answered Yuan Shu and then attached themselves to Sun Jian. In the second month Cao Cao advanced, broke them and beheaded Liu Pi and Huang Shao. Yet the biography of the First Lord says that when Cao Cao and Yuan Shao faced each other at Guandu, the Yellow Turban Liu Pi and others in Runan turned on Cao Cao in support of Yuan Shao, and Yuan Shao sent Liu Bei with troops to raid the Xu area with Liu Pi. The annals of Emperor Wu also record, for the eighth month of Jian'an 5, that surrendered rebels in Runan under Liu Pi revolted for Yuan Shao and that Cao Cao sent Cao Ren to defeat them, which would put his death after Jian'an 5. The article says the two accounts contradict each other and that it is not known which is right. Another account says he fell in battle after Cao Ren defeated him, and another that he was killed in 196 after Cao Cao broke Runan. Because the sources disagree, this entry follows only Wikidata in giving 201.[^zhwiki][^wikidata]\n\n## In the novel\n\nThe article records that in chapter 31 of Romance of the Three Kingdoms, when Gao Lan attacks Runan, Liu Pi shields Liu Bei as he breaks out and is killed by Gao Lan, who is in turn killed by Zhao Yun.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Name: Liu Pi[^wikidata]\n- Died: recorded as 201 on this entry, with a conflicting account of 196[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n- Era: Eastern Han[^wikidata]\n- Portrayal: [[person_cn_q123991779|Liu Pi]] (a character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms)", "url": "/people/liu-pi.html", "lang": "en", "sourceLang": "zh", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "death": { "year": 201, "display": "201" }, "personCategory": "historical figure" }, { "id": "person_cn_q1072396", "type": "person", "title": "Töregene", "slug": "toregene-khatun", "aliases": [ "昭慈皇后" ], "summary": "Töregene (died around 1246), of the Naimazhen clan, was the wife of the Mongol emperor Ögedei and the mother of Güyük. After Ögedei's death she ruled as regent for about five years, brought about Güyük's accession, and then lost power as mother and son fell out. She was later given the posthumous title Empress Zhaoci.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q1072396", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1072396" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "昭慈皇后（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%98%AD%E6%85%88%E7%9A%87%E5%90%8E" }, { "id": "zhengshi", "title": "元史·卷114（维基文库）", "url": "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E5%85%83%E5%8F%B2/%E5%8D%B7114" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:21:08+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 7, "body": "Töregene was a wife of the Mongol emperor Ögedei. The History of Yuan says in its biographies of empresses: Empress Zhaoci of Taizong, named Tuoliegena (Töregene), of the Naimazhen clan, who bore Dingzong. Zhaoci is a title given afterwards, and Töregene is her own name, so the heading uses the name. Wikidata gives two death years, 1246 and 1247, the Chinese Wikipedia article gives 1246, and Wikidata gives her birth year as 1185.[^wikidata][^zhwiki][^zhengshi]\n\n## Family and arrival at court\n\nThe Chinese Wikipedia article says the clan name Naimazhen, with the personal name Töregene, appears in the History of Yuan's table of empresses as Tunajina and in the Secret History of the Mongols as Dorege'ne, which are different renderings of the same name. Naimazhen means a woman of the Naiman. She was first the consort of Quduu, eldest son of the Merkit chief Toqto'a. When Genghis Khan destroyed the Merkit, he noticed an attractive woman among the captives, learned who she was, and gave her to Ögedei, who took her as his wife. She later bore Güyük. The article adds that she was a follower of the Nestorian church and treated Christians visiting the court with courtesy.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Regency\n\nThe History of Yuan records that Taizong died in the eleventh month of the xinchou year and that she ruled in her own right for five years. In the bingwu year she gathered the princes and officials to discuss who should become Dingzong, and court affairs largely came from her. The Chinese Wikipedia article gives more detail. Ögedei died in the winter of 1241, and in the spring of the next year she won the agreement of Chagatai and other kin and ruled as regent. Her rank among the empresses had not been high, but she had five sons and was shrewd, and became the most powerful empress. She won over the princes and nobles with lavish gifts. She clashed with Ögedei's old ministers such as Mahmud Yalavach and Chinqai, and favored Fatima and Abd al-Rahman. Yelü Chucai opposed Abd al-Rahman's rise and the article says he died of depression. The article also mentions that Temüge Otchigin once marched on Karakorum; she raised troops for defense and sent envoys to ask his reasons, and he withdrew. In 1245 she sent troops against the area of Huaixi, Sizhou and Yangzhou, and they withdrew when the Song commissioner Zhao Kui asked for peace.[^zhengshi][^zhwiki]\n\n## Güyük's accession and her last years\n\nThe article says Ögedei had named his grandson Širemün as heir, but Töregene did not want to follow this, courted the princes, and sought to put her own son Güyük on the throne. In the spring of 1246 the princes and officials held a quriltai near Karakorum and agreed on Güyük, who took the throne in the seventh month. She kept hold of power afterwards, and mother and son fell out. Güyük had her favorite Fatima seized and killed, had Abd al-Rahman executed, and brought back Chinqai and Mahmud Yalavach. The article says she was filled with regret and died soon afterwards. The History of Yuan says she died in the second year of Zhiyuan and was posthumously named Empress Zhaoci and placed in Taizong's temple, and its collation note says that second year should read third year, and quotes Rashid al-Din's Jami al-tawarikh that she died two or three months after Güyük took the throne, so the records on her death do not agree. The article quotes the History of Yuan as saying she trusted treacherous men and let government fall into disorder, and notes that neither Chinese nor Western sources praise her rule.[^zhengshi][^zhwiki]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Name: Töregene (Tuoliegena), of the Naimazhen clan[^zhengshi]\n- Posthumous title: Empress Zhaoci[^zhengshi]\n- Born: 1185[^wikidata]\n- Died: 1246 and 1247 are both recorded in Wikidata; the Chinese Wikipedia article gives 1246[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n- Family: wife of Taizong Ögedei, mother of Dingzong Güyük[^zhengshi]", "url": "/people/toregene-khatun.html", "lang": "en", "sourceLang": "zh", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "birth": { "year": 1185, "display": "1185" }, "death": { "year": 1247, "display": "1247" }, "personCategory": "historical figure" }, { "id": "person_cn_q1071424", "type": "person", "title": "Lun Zhi", "slug": "lun-zhi", "aliases": [ "伦直" ], "summary": "Lun Zhi (died 238) was a general under Gongsun Yuan in the Three Kingdoms period, and appears in Romance of the Three Kingdoms as a staff officer. He agreed with Jia Fan and spoke out against rebelling against Cao Wei, and was beheaded by Gongsun Yuan together with Jia Fan.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q1071424", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071424" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "伦直（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%80%AB%E7%9B%B4" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:21:06+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 7, "body": "Lun Zhi was a subordinate of Gongsun Yuan in the Three Kingdoms period. Wikidata's Chinese label and the Chinese Wikipedia article title are both Lun Zhi, though the article text also writes the name with a variant first character, so the heading stays the same. This entry records his death in 238; his birth year is not known, and the entry places him under Cao Wei.[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n\n## Account\n\nAccording to the Chinese Wikipedia article, Lun Zhi was a general under Gongsun Yuan, and the novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms makes him a staff officer. When Gongsun Yuan was about to rebel against Cao Wei, Lun Zhi agreed with Jia Fan and spoke out plainly, saying Gongsun Yuan should not rebel. Gongsun Yuan did not listen, and had him beheaded together with Jia Fan. The article adds that after Sima Yi entered Xiangping city, he treated Lun Zhi's descendants generously. The article gives little more, and no place of origin, courtesy name or birth year, so nothing further is added here.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Name: Lun Zhi, also written with a variant first character in the article[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n- Died: 238[^wikidata]\n- Affiliation: Cao Wei[^wikidata]\n- Portrayal: [[person_cn_q124613486|Lun Zhi]] (a character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms)", "url": "/people/lun-zhi.html", "lang": "en", "sourceLang": "zh", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "death": { "year": 238, "display": "238" }, "personCategory": "historical figure" }, { "id": "person_cn_q107192894", "type": "person", "title": "Li Ping'er", "slug": "li-ping-er", "aliases": [ "李瓶儿" ], "summary": "Li Ping'er is one of the main characters of the Ming novel Jin Ping Mei and a tragic figure in it. She is the sixth wife of Ximen Qing. She was first a concubine of Liang Zhongshu, then married Hua Zixu and Jiang Zhushan, and after joining Ximen Qing's household bore a son. She died soon after the child was frightened to death.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-literature", "category-people", "category-fictional-characters" ], "tags": [ "tag-fictional-character", "tag-classics" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q107192894", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107192894" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "李瓶儿（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E7%93%B6%E5%84%BF" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:21:05+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 7, "body": "Li Ping'er is a character in the Ming novel Jin Ping Mei and, according to the Chinese Wikipedia article, one of its main characters and one of its tragic figures. Wikidata's Chinese label and the article title are both Li Ping'er, and Wikidata also records forms such as Ping Jie and Sixth Lady. The name is her name in the book, so the heading stays the same. This entry records her as a concubine of Ximen Qing in the Song setting of the novel, with the years 1091 and 1117.[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n\n## Appearance and pet name\n\nThe article quotes the novel as describing her as short, with a round fair face and finely arched brows. It says she was born on the fifteenth of the first month, and that on her birthday someone gave a pair of little fish-shaped bottles, so her pet name became Ping Jie.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Her story\n\nIn the article's summary, she was first a concubine of Liang Zhongshu. When the Liangshan heroes attacked Daming prefecture she fled and married Hua Zixu. After Hua Zixu died she was meant to marry Ximen Qing, but he ignored her because of some trouble of his own, and she married Jiang Zhushan. Ximen Qing felt no remorse and instead came to hate her, framed Jiang Zhushan, and took her as his sixth wife. After she entered the household he treated her cruelly in many ways, until she bore his first son and also brought a great deal of property, and then his attitude turned to affection and gentleness. Pan Jinlian, out of jealousy, later trained a cat to frighten Li Ping'er's son to death, and Li Ping'er died soon after. The article says that Ximen Qing showed rare warmth and sincerity at her deathbed and after her death, which is something not otherwise seen in him.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Character and meaning\n\nThe article says that in the households of Hua Zixu and Jiang Zhushan she was a fairly fierce woman. For instance she gave Hua Zixu's money to Ximen Qing, and when Hua Zixu asked about it she scolded him for three days; when he fell ill she was unwilling to pay for a doctor although she was rich. After marrying Ximen Qing her temper changed greatly: she endured in silence being tormented by Ximen Qing, bullied by Pan Jinlian and having her son killed, and showed great care and sympathy for servants. The article reads her tragedy as a miniature of the common tragedy of women in her age, saying she was willing to bear anything because with Ximen Qing she first felt something like care and tenderness. It also notes that the novel's description of her illness and death reflects the medical ideas of the time of writing, and lists the film Millennium Jin Ping Mei, in which she is played by Sachiyo Yamada.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Name: Li Ping'er, pet name Ping Jie[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n- Role: concubine (sixth wife) of Ximen Qing[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n- Setting recorded on this entry: the Song state of the novel[^wikidata]\n- Appears in: [[work_cn_q753535|Jin Ping Mei]][^zhwiki]", "url": "/people/li-ping-er.html", "lang": "en", "sourceLang": "zh", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "birth": { "year": 1091, "display": "1091" }, "death": { "year": 1117, "display": "1117" }, "disambiguation": "Character in Jin Ping Mei", "isFictional": true, "personCategory": "literary character" }, { "id": "person_cn_q1069914", "type": "person", "title": "Lu You", "slug": "lu-you", "aliases": [ "陆游" ], "summary": "Lu You (1125–1210), courtesy name Wuguan, from Shanyin in Yuezhou, was a poet of the Southern Song. He was struck from the list by Qin Hui in his youth, then served under Emperor Xiaozong, in Sichuan on Wang Yan's staff and under Fan Chengda, always urging a campaign north. He retired to Shanyin and died in 1210 at the age of eighty-five.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q1069914", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069914" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "陆游（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%99%B8%E6%B8%B8" }, { "id": "zhengshi", "title": "宋史/卷395（维基文库）", "url": "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E5%AE%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E5%8D%B7395" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:21:03+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 7, "body": "Lu You was a poet of the Southern Song. The History of Song says his courtesy name was Wuguan and that he came from Shanyin in Yuezhou. Wikidata's Chinese label is also Lu You, so the heading stays the personal name. This entry records his life as 1125 to 1210 and gives Kaifeng as his birthplace.[^wikidata][^zhengshi]\n\n## Early years\n\nThe History of Song says he could write poetry and prose at twelve and was made a gentleman by hereditary privilege. In the special examination for officials already in post he was recommended first, but Qin Hui's grandson Qin Xun placed just below him. Qin Hui was furious and even punished the examiners. The next year, in the ministry of rites examination, the examiners again placed Lu You among the top, and Qin Hui openly struck him out, so that he was hated by Qin Hui from then on. Only after Qin Hui died did he go to Ningde in Fuzhou as a registrar, and on recommendation he became an editor in the bureau of edicts. The Chinese Wikipedia article dates the Ningde post to 1158 and adds that he learned swordsmanship and read military books in youth, with a mind set on recovering the north.[^zhengshi][^zhwiki]\n\n## At court and in posts outside\n\nThe History of Song records that he argued strongly against Yang Cunzhong's long hold on the imperial guard, which the emperor praised, and Yang was dismissed. He also memorialized against eunuchs buying northern curios for the throne. When Emperor Xiaozong took the throne he became a compiler in the privy council. Shi Hao and Huang Zushun recommended him as skilled in literary composition and versed in precedent. Xiaozong received him, said he had learned much and spoke to the point, and conferred a jinshi degree on him. Later, when Long Dayuan and Zeng Di were seizing influence, he spoke of it to the privy councillor Zhang Dao. The matter reached the emperor, who was angered and sent Lu You out as vice-prefect of Jiankang, soon moved to Longxing. Critics then charged him with befriending the censors, stirring up controversy and pressing Zhang Jun to make war, and he was dismissed. After a long time he became vice-prefect of Kuizhou.[^zhengshi]\n\n## Sichuan and later posts\n\nWhen Wang Yan was pacification commissioner of Sichuan and Shaanxi, he took Lu You on as a staff officer. Lu You laid out a plan of advance: any campaign in the central plains should begin from Chang'an, and Chang'an should be taken by way of Longyou, with grain stored and troops trained, attacking when an opening came and holding otherwise. When Fan Chengda governed Shu, Lu You was a staff counsellor. They were friends through writing, and Lu You paid little heed to etiquette. People mocked him as dissolute, so he called himself Fangweng. He rose to supervisor of the ever-normal granaries in Jiangxi, and during a flood there memorialized to release grain from the charity granaries. He then governed Yanzhou and became junior director of armaments. In the first year of Shaoxi he became director in the ministry of rites and compiler in the veritable records office. In 1202, because the records of the Xiaozong and Guangzong reigns and the history of three reigns were unfinished, he was ordered to take part in compiling the national history, not required to attend court, and was soon made director of the palace library. When the work was done the next year, he was raised to scholar awaiting orders of the Baozhang pavilion and retired.[^zhengshi]\n\n## His poetry and death\n\nThe History of Song says his talent was soaring and that he excelled above all at poetry. In old age he came out again and wrote the Nanyuan record and the record of the Yuegu spring for Han Tuozhou, which drew criticism. Zhu Xi once said that his ability was too high and his footprints too near, and he feared Lu You would be pulled along by the powerful and not keep his late integrity. Lu You died in the second year of Jiading at the age of eighty-five. The Chinese Wikipedia article gives the date as 26 January 1210, says he wrote the poem Shi Er (To My Sons) near the end, and lists among his works the Jiannan poem manuscript, the Weinan collected writings and the Laoxue'an notes.[^zhengshi][^zhwiki]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Name: Lu You[^zhengshi]\n- Courtesy name: Wuguan[^zhengshi]\n- Sobriquet: Fangweng[^zhengshi]\n- Dates recorded on this entry: 1125–1210[^wikidata]\n- Era: Southern Song[^wikidata]\n- Birthplace according to Wikidata: [[place_cn_410200|Kaifeng]][^wikidata]", "url": "/people/lu-you.html", "lang": "en", "sourceLang": "zh", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "birth": { "year": 1125, "display": "1125" }, "death": { "year": 1210, "display": "1210" }, "personCategory": "historical figure" }, { "id": "person_cn_q1069834", "type": "person", "title": "Wu Can", "slug": "wu-can", "aliases": [ "吾粲" ], "summary": "Wu Can (187–245), courtesy name Kongxiu, was an official of Eastern Wu from Wucheng in Wu commandery. Rising from a minor clerk, he insisted on rescuing drowning soldiers at Dongkou, later became grand administrator of Kuaiji and grand tutor to the heir. In the dispute between the two palaces he held to the rule of legitimate succession and was slandered by Sun Ba and Yang Zhu, then jailed and executed.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q1069834", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069834" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "吾粲（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%90%BE%E7%B2%B2" }, { "id": "zhengshi", "title": "三国志/卷57（维基文库）", "url": "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%9C%8B%E5%BF%97/%E5%8D%B757" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:21:01+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 7, "body": "Wu Can was an official of Eastern Wu in the Three Kingdoms period. The Records of the Three Kingdoms say his courtesy name was Kongxiu and that he came from Wucheng in Wu commandery. Wikidata's Chinese label is also Wu Can, so the heading stays the personal name. This entry records his life as 187 to 245, with a birthplace in the Huzhou area.[^wikidata][^zhengshi]\n\n## Origins and early career\n\nThe Records say that when Sun He was a county chief, Wu Can was a minor clerk and Sun He thought highly of him. When Sun He later became a general and could choose his own senior officials, he recommended Wu Can as assistant of Quwu and then promoted him to chief clerk, with a reputation for good administration. Though he rose from an obscure family, he stood level in reputation with fellow townsmen such as Lu Xun and Bu Jing. When Sun Quan was general of chariots and cavalry he called Wu Can as record keeper, then sent him out as magistrate of Shanyin and recalled him as colonel of staff. Pei Songzhi's note quotes the Wu Lu that when Wu Can was a few years old a woman saw him and told his mother that the boy had the bones of a minister.[^zhengshi]\n\n## Dongkou\n\nIn the first year of Huangwu, Wu Can, Lu Fan, He Qi and others held off the Wei general Cao Xiu at Dongkou with the fleet. A great wind snapped the ships' cables. Many drifted ashore and were captured by Wei, or capsized. Around the large ships that were left, people in the water clung on and cried out, but other officers and soldiers, fearing the ships would capsize, beat them off with spears. Only Wu Can and Huang Yuan had their crews haul the people aboard. Their attendants said the ship was heavy and must go down. Wu Can replied that if the ship sank they would die together, and that when people were at their last limit one could not abandon them. Wu Can and Huang Yuan saved more than a hundred.[^zhengshi]\n\n## Provincial and court posts\n\nOn his return he became grand administrator of Kuaiji. He called the retired scholar Xie Tan to be his bureau head. Xie Tan pleaded illness, and Wu Can sent him a note urging him not to hide himself so deep. Wu Can also raised troops and was made colonel who exemplifies righteousness. With Lü Dai he put down the Shanyue, then came to court as colonel of the cavalry garrison and minister of the household, and was promoted to grand tutor of the heir.[^zhengshi]\n\n## The dispute of the two palaces and his death\n\nWhen the affair of the two palaces broke out, Wu Can spoke out and held to what was correct, insisting on the distinction between the legitimate heir and the other son. He wanted Sun Ba, Prince of Lu, to be sent to garrison Xiakou, and Yang Zhu not to be allowed to stay in the capital. He also repeatedly passed news to Lu Xun, then stationed at Wuchang, who sent memorial after memorial in protest. For this Sun Ba, Yang Zhu and others slandered him, and he was put in prison and executed. In his closing comment Chen Shou pairs him with Zhu Ju: both met hard times and lost their lives for standing on the right, and he calls it sad.[^zhengshi][^zhwiki]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Name: Wu Can[^zhengshi]\n- Courtesy name: Kongxiu[^zhengshi]\n- Dates recorded on this entry: 187–245[^wikidata]\n- Home: Wucheng, Wu commandery[^zhengshi]\n- Birthplace: [[place_cn_330500|Huzhou]][^wikidata]\n- Portrayal: [[person_cnv_q1069834_q70806|Wu Can]] (a character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms)", "url": "/people/wu-can.html", "lang": "en", "sourceLang": "zh", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "birth": { "year": 187, "display": "187" }, "death": { "year": 245, "display": "245" }, "personCategory": "historical figure" } ], "lang": "en", "pagination": { "page": 935, "pageSize": 50, "total": 50001, "pageCount": 1000, "prevUrl": "/en/search-934.json", "nextUrl": "/en/search-936.json" } }