postgres /en/search-936.html person_cn_q1089259 person jiutou-zhiji-jing 九头雉鸡精

The Nine-Headed Pheasant Spirit (Jiutou Zhiji Jing) is one of the three demons of the Xuanyuan Mound sent by Nuwa to Zhaoge in Investiture of the Gods. She is a pheasant with nine heads that cultivated itself into a spirit. She enters the palace as Daji's sister Hu Ximei and helps bring about Bi Gan's death. After the Shang fall, Nuwa hands the three over to Jiang Ziya, and she is beheaded.

published category-literature category-people category-fictional-characters tag-fictional-character tag-classics wikidata https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1089259 zhwiki https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B9%9D%E5%A4%B4%E9%9B%89%E9%B8%A1%E7%B2%BE 2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00 2026-10-29T17:20:59+08:00 user:admin 7 The Nine-Headed Pheasant Spirit is a demon in the novel Investiture of the Gods. Both Wikidata and the Chinese Wikipedia article are titled 九头雉鸡精, and Wikidata also lists the shorter name Pheasant Spirit. It is the name of a kind of spirit and not a personal name, so the heading stays Jiutou Zhiji Jing. The sources class her as a character of the novel and record her as female.[^wikidata][^zhwiki] ## The three demons of Xuanyuan Mound The Chinese Wikipedia list of characters says that after King Zhou wrote an impious poem at the temple of Nuwa, Nuwa concluded that the Shang had run out of fate. She sent three spirits from Xuanyuan Mound outside the south gate to bewitch the king in his palace, and told them not to harm living beings. The three were the Thousand-Year Fox Spirit, the Nine-Headed Pheasant Spirit and the Jade Pipa Spirit. The pheasant spirit is a nine-headed pheasant that had cultivated itself into a demon.[^zhwiki] ## As Hu Ximei The article says that after Jiang Ziya burned the pipa spirit, Daji wanted revenge. She had King Zhou agree to build the Deer Terrace by saying that immortals would descend once it was finished. To make good her lie, she had fox spirits pose as immortals visiting the terrace, but Bi Gan saw through them and all the foxes were burned to death. Daji then asked the Nine-Headed Pheasant Spirit for help. The pheasant spirit took the form of Daji's sister Hu Ximei and entered the palace to serve the king. Daji then feigned illness, and Hu Ximei declared that she needed Bi Gan's heart as medicine. Elsewhere the article says that Daji and the pheasant spirit together killed the vice-chancellor Bi Gan.[^zhwiki] ## End After the Shang fell, Jiang Ziya ordered Yang Jian and others to hunt down the three. They fought as they fled and met Nuwa before Xuanyuan Mound. Because the three had ignored her order not to kill, Nuwa seized them herself and handed them to Jiang Ziya. The article says that the jade pipa spirit and the nine-headed pheasant spirit were both beheaded. The fox spirit prolonged her life for a time by bewitching the executioner, but Jiang Ziya finally put her to death with his own hands.[^zhwiki] ## Basic facts - Description: character of Investiture of the Gods[^wikidata] - Other name: Pheasant Spirit[^wikidata] - Appears in: [[work_cn_q1336310|Investiture of the Gods]][^zhwiki] /people/jiutou-zhiji-jing.html en zh zh en Character in Investiture of the Gods true mythological figure person_cn_q1069312 person kuai-yue 蒯越

Kuai Yue (died 214), courtesy name Yidu, was a leading adviser to Liu Biao in Jing province at the end of the Han. He planned the luring and killing of local bandit leaders for Liu Biao, and later urged Liu Cong to surrender to Cao Cao, who said he was happier to gain Kuai Yue than to gain Jing province.

published category-history category-people category-historical-figures tag-ancient-china wikidata https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069312 zhwiki https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%92%AF%E8%B6%8A 2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00 2026-10-29T17:20:58+08:00 user:admin 7 Kuai Yue was an adviser to Liu Biao in Jing province at the end of the Eastern Han. Wikidata's Chinese label and the Chinese Wikipedia article title are both Kuai Yue, and the article gives his courtesy name as Yidu, so the heading stays the personal name. This entry records his death in 214 and his birthplace in the Xiangyang area.[^wikidata][^zhwiki] ## Early career According to the Chinese Wikipedia article, Kuai Yue came from a leading family of Nan commandery in Jing province and had a good name while young. The general-in-chief He Jin heard that he was skilled at planning and made him a clerk of the eastern bureau. Kuai Yue urged He Jin to strike first and kill the eunuchs. He Jin hesitated, and Kuai Yue, expecting his ruin, asked to be sent out as magistrate of Ruyang. He Jin was indeed killed by the eunuchs, and Kuai Yue came through safely.[^zhwiki] ## Serving Liu Biao In 190 Liu Biao took up his post as inspector of Jing province and called Kuai Yue, Kuai Liang and Cai Mao to Yicheng for advice. He worried that local bandit chiefs were running wild, that the people did not follow him, and that Yuan Shu was stirring in Nanyang. Kuai Liang advised ruling with benevolence, so that the people would come over of themselves. Kuai Yue disagreed. In troubled times, he said, a ruler needs stratagem; soldiers should be chosen for quality, not number; Yuan Shu was brave but lacked judgment and was not to be feared; and most bandit chiefs were greedy and cruel, so men could be sent to lure them with gain, after which the cruel ones could be killed and their followers taken in. Liu Biao could then hold Jiangling and guard Xiangyang, and the eight commanderies of Jing province would submit on the strength of a proclamation. Liu Biao praised the plan as worthy of Jiufan and adopted it. The article says Kuai Yue lured in fifty-five bandit leaders (another account says fifteen), who were killed and their men absorbed. Zhang Hu and Chen Sheng of Jiangxia still held Xiangyang, so Liu Biao sent Kuai Yue and Pang Ji to persuade them, and they agreed to surrender. Liu Biao thus gained broad control of Jing province and based himself at Xiangyang. For this Kuai Yue was made grand administrator of Zhangling and enfeoffed as Marquis of Fanting.[^zhwiki] ## Urging submission to Cao Cao The article describes Kuai Yue and Cai Mao as the well-known pro-Cao party in Jing province. In 200, while Yuan Shao and Cao Cao faced each other at Guandu, he advised Liu Biao not to back Yuan Shao but to court Cao Cao. In 208 Sun Quan marched west and killed Huang Zu, which sharply weakened the anti-Cao side. That autumn Liu Biao died, and Kuai Yue and Cai Mao set up his younger son Liu Cong. When Cao Cao reached Xinye, Liu Cong at first meant to join Liu Qi and Liu Bei against him, but Kuai Yue, Fu Xun and others opposed this, and Liu Cong surrendered. Cao Cao wrote to Xun Yu that he was happy not because he had gained Jing province but because he had gained Yidu. After settling Jiangling, Cao Cao rewarded his supporters, and Kuai Yue was made superintendent of the imperial household, one of the nine ministers.[^zhwiki] ## Death The article says that after surrendering to Cao Cao, Kuai Yue did little of note. In 214 he fell gravely ill and wrote to ask Cao Cao to look after his family. Cao Cao replied that he would not fail the trust.[^zhwiki] ## Assessment The article quotes Liu Biao calling Kuai Yue's plans the plans of Jiufan, and quotes Fu Xuan's Fuzi, which calls him a descendant of Kuai Tong, deep and resourceful, a man of striking stature and bearing.[^zhwiki] ## Basic facts - Name: Kuai Yue[^zhwiki] - Courtesy name: Yidu[^wikidata][^zhwiki] - Died: 214[^wikidata] - Birthplace: [[place_cn_420600|Xiangyang]][^wikidata] - Portrayal: [[person_cn_q123670591|Kuai Yue]] (a character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms) /people/kuai-yue.html en zh zh en 214 214 historical figure person_cn_q10884675 person ren-jun 任峻

Ren Jun (died 204), courtesy name Boda, was a man of Zhongmu in Henan who joined Cao Cao at the end of the Han. He managed arms and grain transport at Guandu and, as director of agricultural colonies, ran the military farming that filled Cao Cao's granaries. He died in the ninth year of Jian'an and was later given the posthumous title Marquis Cheng.

published category-history category-people category-historical-figures tag-ancient-china wikidata https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10884675 zhwiki https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BB%BB%E5%B3%BB zhengshi https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%9C%8B%E5%BF%97/%E5%8D%B716 2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00 2026-10-29T17:20:55+08:00 user:admin 7 Ren Jun was an official who followed Cao Cao at the end of the Eastern Han. Chapter sixteen of the Records of the Three Kingdoms opens with the words that Ren Jun, courtesy name Boda, was a man of Zhongmu in Henan, and Wikidata's name is also Ren Jun, so the title stays the personal name. This entry records his death as 204, with no birth year.[^wikidata][^zhengshi] ## Joining Cao Cao When the Han fell into disorder, Yang Yuan, magistrate of Zhongmu, grew frightened and wanted to abandon his post. Ren Jun told him that Dong Zhuo had begun the chaos, that the whole realm watched him with anger, and that nobody had yet dared to move first. If the magistrate would lead, others would answer. He proposed that Yang Yuan act provisionally as governor of Henan and combine the men fit for service in the dozen or so counties east of the pass. Yang Yuan followed the plan and made him registrar. Ren Jun drafted the memorial for Yang Yuan to act as governor, had the counties hold fast, and raised troops. Cao Cao then rose in the east and entered Zhongmu. While others did not know whom to follow, Ren Jun alone discussed it with Zhang Fen of the same commandery, and they brought the whole commandery over to Cao Cao. Ren Jun also gathered several hundred household soldiers from his kin and retainers and followed Cao Cao. Cao Cao was delighted, recommended him as cavalry commandant, gave him a cousin in marriage, and held him in close trust.[^zhengshi] ## Colonies and army grain Whenever Cao Cao went on campaign, Ren Jun usually stayed behind and supplied the army. In a year of famine and drought the army's grain ran short. The Forest of Feathers Commandant Zao Zhi proposed military farming colonies, and Cao Cao made Ren Jun director of agricultural colonies. He recruited commoners to farm at Xu and obtained a million hu of grain. Farm officials were set up in every commandery and kingdom, and within a few years grain was stored everywhere and the granaries were full. At Guandu, Cao Cao put him in charge of arms and grain transport. The enemy raided and cut the supply route again and again, so Ren Jun grouped a thousand carts into one unit, moved ten columns side by side, and made a layered formation to guard them. The enemy did not dare come near. The Records say the abundance of the state began with Zao Zhi and was completed by Ren Jun. Because his merit was great, Cao Cao recommended him as Marquis of Duting with three hundred households and promoted him to colonel of the Changshui cavalry.[^zhengshi] ## Character and afterwards The Records describe him as generous and measured, and clear about the principles of affairs. Cao Cao usually approved what he proposed. In the famine he took in and supported the orphans of his friends and poor kin inside and outside the family, and he was praised for his good faith. He died in the ninth year of Jian'an, and Cao Cao wept for a long time. His son Ren Xian inherited the title. When Ren Xian died without a son, the fief was abolished. Emperor Wen later recorded the merits of the old officials, gave Ren Jun the posthumous title Marquis Cheng, and made his middle son Ren Lan a marquis within the passes.[^zhengshi] ## Basic facts - Name: Ren Jun[^zhengshi] - Courtesy name: Boda[^zhengshi] - Death year: 204[^wikidata] - Birthplace: [[place_cn_410122|Zhongmu County]][^wikidata] - Occupation recorded on this entry: military officer under Cao Cao[^wikidata] - Portrayal: [[person_cn_q123759548|Ren Jun]] (a character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms) /people/ren-jun.html en zh zh en 204 204 historical figure person_cn_q10885271 person fu-wan 伏完

Fu Wan (2nd century – 209) was an Eastern Han man of Dongwu in Langye and the father of Emperor Xian's Empress Fu, holding the title Marquis of Buqi. After Cao Cao took control he handed back his seals, and when his daughter urged him to plot against Cao Cao he did not dare. He died in 209, and five years later the empress was deposed and killed, along with over a hundred of her kin.

published category-history category-people category-historical-figures tag-ancient-china wikidata https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10885271 zhwiki https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%8F%E5%AE%8C 2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00 2026-10-29T17:20:55+08:00 user:admin 7 Fu Wan was an in-law of the imperial house at the end of the Eastern Han and the father of Empress Fu Shou, wife of Emperor Xian. Both Wikidata and the Chinese Wikipedia article are titled Fu Wan, so the heading stays the personal name. The structured record gives 150 as his birth year and 209 as his death year, while the Chinese Wikipedia article says only the 2nd century for his birth, and places him in the Eastern Han.[^wikidata][^zhwiki] ## Origins and offices The article says he was a man of Dongwu in Langye, a descendant of the Western Han classicist Fu Sheng and a sixth-generation grandson of the Minister of the Masses Fu Zhan. His courtesy name is not known. The Fu family was a house of classical scholarship. He was deep and composed, with a large-minded character. He inherited the title Marquis of Buqi, married Princess Yang'an, Liu Hua, a daughter of Emperor Huan, and served as palace attendant. In the second year of Xingping (195), his daughter Fu Shou, born to Fan Ying, was made empress by Emperor Xian, and he became commandant of the capital guards. In the first year of Jian'an (196), when Cao Cao received the emperor, he was made general who assists the state, with ceremonial rank equal to the Three Excellencies.[^zhwiki] ## After Cao Cao took control Once the emperor had moved to Xu, Cao Cao made himself minister of works and held the government in his hands. Fu Wan returned his seals and became palace counsellor, and later commandant of the Tunji cavalry. In the fifth year of Jian'an (200), Dong Cheng and others failed in a plot to kill Cao Cao and were executed. Empress Fu wrote to her father asking him to plot Cao Cao's death, but Fu Wan did not dare. According to the Spring and Autumn of Emperor Xian, he also showed the letter to his wife's younger brother Fan Pu, who sealed it and told Cao Cao.[^zhwiki] ## Death and aftermath Fu Wan died in the fourteenth year of Jian'an (209), and his son Fu Dian inherited the marquisate. In the nineteenth year (214) the old scheme came to light. The empress was deposed and killed, over a hundred of her clan were killed, and her mother Fan Ying and eighteen others were exiled to Zhuo commandery. The article adds that his son Fu De, brother of the empress, had supported his sister the empress on the flight from Chang'an to Luoyang, carrying ten bolts of silk in one hand, and that he also died in this affair.[^zhwiki] ## In the novel In chapter 66 of Luo Guanzhong's Romance of the Three Kingdoms, the empress, angered by Cao Cao's arrogance, writes to Fu Wan through Mu Shun and plans to ally with Sun Quan and Liu Bei as outside support to remove Cao Cao. Cao Cao later finds Fu Wan's reply in Mu Shun's hair and has Hua Xin and Xi Lü kill the empress, Fu Wan and the whole clan. This is the novel's adaptation, and it differs from the biographical account above.[^zhwiki] ## Basic facts - Dates recorded on this entry: 150 to 209 (birth year from the structured record)[^wikidata] - Occupation recorded on this entry: politician (Eastern Han)[^wikidata] - Portrayal: [[person_cn_q123908875|Fu Wan]] (a character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms) /people/fu-wan.html en zh zh en 209 209 historical figure person_cn_q10871701 person xia-jingui 夏金桂

Xia Jingui is the wife of Xue Pan in Dream of the Red Chamber, named for her family's osmanthus groves that supplied the palace. Spoiled by her widowed mother, she was overbearing, and after marrying into the Xue house she grew jealous of Xiangling, set her against Xue Pan and kept the household in uproar. In the Gao E continuation she tries to poison Xiangling and poisons herself instead.

published category-literature category-people category-fictional-characters tag-fictional-character tag-classics tag-four-great-classics wikidata https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10871701 zhwiki https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%8F%E9%87%91%E6%A1%82 2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00 2026-10-29T17:20:51+08:00 user:admin 7 Xia Jingui is a character in the novel Dream of the Red Chamber and the wife of Xue Pan. Wikidata's Chinese label and the Chinese Wikipedia article title are both Xia Jingui, and she is also called Jingui. It is her name in the book, so the heading stays the same. Wikidata records the setting as the dynasty of the novel.[^wikidata][^zhwiki] ## Background and temper According to the Chinese Wikipedia article, her family planted osmanthus in quantity and supplied the palace, which is how she came by the name Jingui (golden osmanthus). Her father died early, and as an only child she was spoiled by her widowed mother, who treated her as a treasure. She grew up with a temper like the bandit Zhi, regarding herself as a bodhisattva and others as filth.[^zhwiki] ## In the Xue house The article says that after she married into the Xue family she saw that Xue Pan doted on Xiangling and became fiercely jealous. She repeatedly pushed Xiangling about, and used her maid Baochan to come between Xiangling and Xue Pan, so that Xiangling was beaten by him. She asked who had ever smelled any fragrance in a water-chestnut flower, and changed Xiangling's name to Qiuling. Domineering and willful, she did as she pleased in the Xue house, even trading words with her mother-in-law through a window, so that the household had no peace, and she also tried to seduce Xue Ke.[^zhwiki] ## Ending The article records that in the Gao E continuation Xia Jingui tries to poison Xiangling and instead poisons herself.[^zhwiki] ## Basic facts - Name: Xia Jingui, also called Jingui[^wikidata][^zhwiki] - Role: wife of Xue Pan[^wikidata][^zhwiki] - Setting recorded on this entry: the dynasty of the novel[^wikidata] - Appears in: [[work_cn_q8265|Dream of the Red Chamber]][^zhwiki] /people/xia-jingui.html en zh zh en Character in Dream of the Red Chamber true literary character person_cn_q10878505 person qiao-lie 乔冽

Qiao Lie is a character in the novel Water Margin, a native of Jingyuan in Shaanxi. His religious name is Daoqing, so he is also called Qiao Daoqing, and he is known as the Illusion Demon Lord. He commands illusory arts that call wind and rain, serves the rebel Tian Hu, and is subdued by Gongsun Sheng.

published category-literature category-people category-fictional-characters tag-fictional-character tag-classics tag-four-great-classics wikidata https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10878505 zhwiki https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B9%94%E5%86%BD 2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00 2026-10-29T17:20:51+08:00 user:admin 7 Qiao Lie is a character in the novel Water Margin. Both Wikidata and the Chinese Wikipedia article are titled Qiao Lie, and Wikidata also lists the names Qiao Daoqing, Daoqing and the Illusion Demon Lord, so the heading stays the personal name. The story is set in the Song dynasty.[^wikidata][^zhwiki] ## Background The article says he was a native of Jingyuan in Shaanxi and took the religious name Daoqing, which is why he is also called Qiao Daoqing. At eight he travelled to Mount Kongtong, where an unusual master taught him illusory arts. From then on he could call wind and rain and ride the mist and clouds, and people called him the Illusion Demon Lord. Later he fell into a quarrel, beat a man so badly that he died, and was sought by the authorities. He fled home and changed his name to Quanzhen.[^zhwiki] ## Under Tian Hu When Tian Hu rose in revolt, he drew Qiao Lie into his band. Skilled in illusions, Qiao Lie helped him seize prefectures and counties and became his chief assistant, with the title True Man of Spiritual Response Who Protects the Realm. When Song Jiang led troops against Tian Hu, Qiao Lie was subdued by Gongsun Sheng.[^zhwiki] ## Afterwards The article says that during the campaign against Wang Qing, his old friend Sun An, who had also served Tian Hu, died of illness. Qiao Lie then went back to the mountains with Gongsun Sheng and Ma Ling to practise the Way, and took the master Luo as his teacher.[^zhwiki] ## Basic facts - Description: character in Water Margin[^wikidata] - Other names: Qiao Daoqing, Daoqing, Illusion Demon Lord[^wikidata] - Setting recorded on this entry: the Song dynasty[^wikidata] - Appears in: [[work_cn_q70827|Water Margin]][^zhwiki] /people/qiao-lie.html en zh zh en Character in Water Margin true literary character person_cn_q10869235 person qiu-ben 丘本

Qiu Ben is a fictional character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms who serves as Deng Ai's army supervisor in Wei's campaign to destroy Shu Han. At Mianzhu he advises Deng Ai to write to Zhuge Zhan urging surrender, and when that is refused, to win by a surprise force instead.

published category-literature category-people category-fictional-characters tag-fictional-character tag-classics tag-four-great-classics wikidata https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10869235 zhwiki https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%98%E6%9C%AC 2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00 2026-10-29T17:20:49+08:00 user:admin 7 Qiu Ben is a fictional character in the chapter-novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Wikidata's Chinese label and the Chinese Wikipedia article title are both Qiu Ben, and Wikidata records him as a fictional character and a general of Cao Wei, set in Great Wei, so the heading stays the same.[^wikidata][^zhwiki] ## In the novel According to the Chinese Wikipedia article, Qiu Ben serves as Deng Ai's army supervisor in Wei's war to destroy Shu Han, and the article notes that in the standard histories the army supervisor was Wei Guan. At Mianzhu, Qiu Ben advises Deng Ai to write to Zhuge Zhan urging him to surrender, and after the letter is refused he advises using a surprise force to win. The article gives chapter 117 of the novel as the source and records no home, dates or other deeds.[^zhwiki] ## Basic facts - Name: Qiu Ben[^wikidata][^zhwiki] - Category: fictional character, Cao Wei general[^wikidata] - Post: army supervisor to Deng Ai[^zhwiki] - Setting recorded on this entry: Great Wei[^wikidata] - Appears in: [[work_cn_q70806|Romance of the Three Kingdoms]][^zhwiki] /people/qiu-ben.html en zh zh en Character in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms true literary character person_cn_q1085823 person xuanzang 唐三藏

Tang Sanzang, also called Tang Seng, is a main character of Journey to the West and the master of Sun Wukong, Zhu Wuneng, Sha Wujing and the White Dragon Horse. His prototype is the Tang monk Xuanzang. In the novel he is kind, merciful and firm of will, though sometimes pedantic, and after the pilgrimage is made the Buddha of Sandalwood Merit.

published category-literature category-people category-fictional-characters tag-fictional-character tag-classics tag-four-great-classics wikidata https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1085823 zhwiki https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%94%90%E4%B8%89%E8%97%8F 2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00 2026-10-29T17:20:46+08:00 user:admin 7 Tang Sanzang is a main character of Journey to the West. Wikidata's Chinese label and the Chinese Wikipedia article title are both Tang Sanzang, and other names are recorded, such as Tang Seng, Xuanzang, Chen Xuanzang and Jiangliu. The article explains that Sanzang fashi is a respectful term for a monk versed in the three collections of sutra, vinaya and abhidharma, and that calling him Tang Sanzang honors him as the Tripitaka master of the Tang state, which also avoids using his personal name, so it is not a personal name. No single personal name has been established for the figure in the novel, so the heading stays as it was.[^wikidata][^zhwiki] ## Prototype and portrayal According to the Chinese Wikipedia article, the prototype of Tang Seng, Tang Sanzang, is the Tang monk Xuanzang, and the Song text Da Tang Sanzang qujing shihua also calls him Xuanzang. In the novel he is kind, merciful and firm of will, though sometimes he appears pedantic and unable to tell right from wrong. His treasures are the nine-ring staff and the brocade cassock given by the bodhisattva Guanyin, and at the end of the story he achieves the right fruit and is enfeoffed as the Buddha of Sandalwood Merit. The article also notes that among the sutras the historical Xuanzang translated, the Heart Sutra and the Medicine Buddha Sutra survive, that he traveled overland out of Xinjiang through the Pamirs to India, and that on his return he compiled the Great Tang Records on the Western Regions from what he saw and heard at the order of Emperor Taizong of Tang, and that in the mid-1560s the Ming writer Wu Cheng'en turned such stories into the chapter-novel Journey to the West.[^zhwiki] ## On the term Sanzang The article stresses that today the public, not knowing Buddhism and influenced by Journey to the West, often wrongly takes Sanzang to be a title belonging to Xuanzang alone. In fact Sanzang fashi is a term of respect, also Sanzang bhikshu or Sanzang holy teacher or simply Sanzang, and to confine the title to a single person is mistaken. It lists other famous Tripitaka masters in history, such as An Shigao of the Eastern Han, Kumarajiva and Faxian of the Eastern Jin, Gunabhadra of the Liu Song, Siksananda, Yijing and Amoghavajra of the Tang, and says Lingxian is the only Tripitaka master in Japanese history.[^zhwiki] ## Basic facts - Name used: Tang Sanzang, also Tang Seng; prototype Xuanzang[^wikidata][^zhwiki] - Category: novel character (Wikidata also records the name Chen Xuanzang)[^wikidata] - Role: bhikshu (monk)[^wikidata] - Birthplace according to Wikidata: Jiangzhou[^wikidata] - Setting recorded on this entry: Tang[^wikidata] - Appears in: [[work_cn_q70784|Journey to the West]][^zhwiki] /people/xuanzang.html en zh zh en Character in Journey to the West true mythological figure person_cn_q1064059 person queen-mother-west 西王母

The Queen Mother of the West is a goddess of Chinese mythology and folk belief and a female immortal of Daoism, who dwells at the Jade Pool on Mount Kunlun, paired with the King Father of the East. In the Classic of Mountains and Seas she is a leopard-tailed, tiger-toothed deity of plague, in the Story of King Mu she exchanges songs with King Mu of Zhou at the Jade Pool, and by the Inner Biography of Emperor Wu of Han she is a woman of unmatched beauty who keeps the peaches and the elixir of immortality.

published category-literature category-people category-fictional-characters tag-fictional-character tag-classics tag-four-great-classics wikidata https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1064059 zhwiki https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8E%8B%E6%AF%8D 2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00 2026-10-29T17:20:45+08:00 user:admin 7 The Queen Mother of the West is a goddess of Chinese mythology and folk belief and a female immortal of Daoism. She has many names, among them Wangmu Niangniang, Jinmu, the Golden Mother of the Jade Pool, and Jinmu Yuanjun. These are titles. The sources disagree about her personal name, and there is no single recorded name, so the title stays as it was.[^wikidata][^zhwiki] ## Names and conflicting accounts Chinese Wikipedia lists many of her names and honorific titles and cites the Tang writer Duan Chengshi's Youyang Zazu, which says that the Queen Mother of the West was surnamed Yang and named Hui, ruled the northwest corner of Kunlun and died on a dingchou day, with another account giving the name Wanjin. It also cites Du Guangting's Yongcheng Jixian Lu, which calls her the Golden Mother of Turtle Mountain, born at Yichuan in the divine continent and surnamed Gou. The two accounts do not agree, so both are given and neither is chosen. Wikidata classes her as a goddess, a Daoist deity and a mythical character, and also records her as a character in several television productions.[^wikidata][^zhwiki] ## In the Classic of Mountains and Seas The article says that the term Western Mother already appears in Shang oracle inscriptions, and the scholar Chen Mengjia took it to mean her. In the Classic of Mountains and Seas the Queen Mother of the West looks like a person but has a leopard's tail and tiger's teeth, whistles, has tangled hair and wears a headdress, and is the deity in charge of the heavenly plague and the five afflictions. She dwells on Jade Mountain and is fed by three blue birds. The article notes that by the first century AD her image had left the original monstrous form and turned into that of a noblewoman.[^zhwiki] ## With King Mu, Yi and Emperor Wu The Story of King Mu records that King Mu of Zhou travelled west, presented a white jade tablet, a black jade disc and brocade, and was received by the Queen Mother of the West, who bowed twice and accepted. She feasted him at the Jade Pool and the two exchanged songs. She sang that if he did not die he might yet come again, and described herself as a daughter of the Lord of Heaven who lives among tigers and leopards with magpies for company. The Huainanzi says that Yi begged her for the elixir of immortality and that his wife Heng'e stole it and fled to the moon. From the Eastern Han on, the Story of Emperor Wu of Han and the Inner Biography of Emperor Wu of Han tell how the emperor awaited her on the seventh day of the seventh month and she came in a purple-cloud carriage and gave him seven immortal peaches, the pan peaches, said to bear fruit only once in three thousand years. The article says the Inner Biography is the first to describe her unmatched beauty, as a woman who looked about thirty.[^zhwiki] ## Place in Daoism The article says that as Daoism rose, her rank was raised. Accounts from the Eastern Jin on make her the Nine-Light Dark Lady born of the Primal Heavenly King and the Supreme Mother, counterpart of the King Father of the East, the pair being called Wood Lord and Metal Mother, with authority over all women who have attained immortality. The half-beast form with a tiger's head and leopard's tail is said, as the article cites it, not to be her true form but that of the White Tiger spirit of the west, her messenger.[^zhwiki] ## In the novels This site lists her as appearing in Investiture of the Gods and Journey to the West. Wikidata also records her as a character in several television productions, including New Legend of Madame White Snake and several versions of Journey to the West. The sources used here do not describe her episodes in the two novels.[^wikidata] ## Basic facts - Form of address: Queen Mother of the West, also called Wangmu Niangniang, the Golden Mother of the Jade Pool, Jinmu Yuanjun and others[^wikidata][^zhwiki] - Kind: goddess, Daoist deity, mythical character[^wikidata] - Dwelling: the Jade Pool on Mount Kunlun[^zhwiki] - Counterpart: the King Father of the East[^zhwiki] - Appears in: [[work_cn_q1336310|Investiture of the Gods]], [[work_cn_q70784|Journey to the West]] /people/queen-mother-west.html en zh zh en Character in Investiture of the Gods and Journey to the West true mythological figure person_cn_q1064069 person lady-gan 昭烈皇后

Gan Mei (died 210), by the Chinese Wikipedia account of the Gan family and given name Mei, came from Pei and was taken as a concubine by Liu Bei at Xiaopei, bearing the later ruler Liu Shan. She was saved by Zhao Yun at Changban, was buried in Nan commandery, and was posthumously titled Empress Zhaolie at Zhuge Liang's request, to be buried with Liu Bei.

published category-history category-people category-historical-figures tag-ancient-china wikidata https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1064069 zhwiki https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%98%AD%E7%83%88%E7%9A%87%E5%90%8E_(%E8%9C%80%E6%BC%A2) zhengshi https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%9C%8B%E5%BF%97/%E5%8D%B734 2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00 2026-10-29T17:20:45+08:00 user:admin 9 Gan Mei was a concubine of Liu Bei and the mother of Liu Shan, later honored as Empress Zhaolie. The Records of the Three Kingdoms say only that the First Lord's Empress Gan was from Pei, and give no personal name for her. The opening of the Chinese Wikipedia article says that she was of the Gan family and named Mei, and notes that the Gazetteer of Kuizhou Prefecture gives the name Gan Mei. This name appears in a local gazetteer and not in the standard history, so it is used here as the article records it, with that qualification stated first. Wikidata's Chinese label is 昭烈皇后, with Lady Gan as an alias, and it records her death in 210 and birthplace Pei County. Zhaolie is a posthumous title and Lady Gan is a kin form of address, so neither is a personal name.[^wikidata][^zhengshi][^zhwiki] ## Taken as a concubine The Records say that when Liu Bei was governor of Yu province and stayed at Xiaopei, he took her as a concubine. Liu Bei lost his principal wives several times, and she often managed the household. She followed him to Jingzhou and bore the later ruler Liu Shan. The article dates Liu Shan's birth to the twelfth year of Jian'an, 207.[^zhengshi][^zhwiki] ## Changban at Dangyang When Cao Cao's army caught up with Liu Bei at Changban in Dangyang, the situation was desperate and Liu Bei abandoned her and the infant, and they were saved only through the protection of Zhao Yun.[^zhengshi][^zhwiki] ## Death and posthumous titles The Records say that she later died and was buried in Nan commandery. In the second year of Zhangwu, 222, she was posthumously titled Lady Huangsi, and was to be moved to Shu, but Liu Bei died at Baidi before her coffin arrived. The chancellor Zhuge Liang submitted that Lady Huangsi had conducted herself with virtue and cultivated and guarded her person, that by the principle of the Spring and Autumn Annals a mother is honored through her son, and, citing precedents such as the high emperor's honoring of his mother and Emperor He's reburial of Lady Liang, proposed with Lai Gong, the minister of ceremonies, the title Empress Zhaolie under the rules for posthumous names, and asked that she be buried with Liu Bei. The edict approved. Wikidata records her place of death as Gong'an County and the year as 210.[^wikidata][^zhengshi] ## Other statements in the article Chinese Wikipedia also notes that a tomb of Lady Gan stands in today's Fengjie County, so some hold that Liu Bei was also buried at Fengjie and not returned to Chengdu, and it says that the Zizhi Tongjian's note under Yanxi 8 that Empress Dowager Gan died is a mistake, since the dowager who died that year must have been Liu Shan's stepmother, Empress Dowager Wu. It also cites the Shiyi Ji, which says she was poor but outstandingly beautiful, was taken as a concubine by Liu Bei at eighteen, and urged him to remove a jade statue so as not to waste his will on a toy, while adding that this report is doubtful because Wu and Wei had not yet been founded when she died.[^zhwiki] ## Basic facts - Name: of the Gan family, given name Mei (from the Gazetteer of Kuizhou Prefecture, as cited in Chinese Wikipedia)[^zhwiki] - Titles: Empress Zhaolie (posthumous), Lady Huangsi; kin form of address: Lady Gan[^zhengshi][^wikidata] - Origin: Pei[^zhengshi] - Spouse: Liu Bei; child: Liu Shan[^wikidata][^zhengshi] - Died: 210[^wikidata] - Dynasty or state: Shu Han[^wikidata] - Birthplace: [[place_cn_320322|Pei County]][^wikidata] - Portrayal: [[person_cn_q123771083|昭烈皇后]] (character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms) /people/lady-gan.html en zh zh en 210 210 historical figure person_cn_q106371734 person princess-longji 龙吉公主

Princess Longji is a character in Investiture of the Gods, the daughter of the Hao Heaven Lord and the Golden Mother of the Jade Pool, who was banished to the Qingluan Douque on Phoenix Mountain after a lapse at the Peach Banquet. She helps the Zhou camp defeat Luo Xuan, marries Hong Jin, is struck down in the Ten Thousand Immortals Formation and killed, and is made the Red Phoenix Star.

published category-literature category-people category-fictional-characters tag-fictional-character tag-classics wikidata https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106371734 zhwiki https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BE%8D%E5%90%89%E5%85%AC%E4%B8%BB 2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00 2026-10-29T17:20:44+08:00 user:admin 7 Princess Longji is a character in Investiture of the Gods. Wikidata gives her Chinese name as 龍吉公主 and an English alias, Longji Princess, and the Chinese Wikipedia character list uses the same name. This is the form of address used in the book and no other name is recorded, so the title stays as it was.[^wikidata][^zhwiki] ## Origin and banishment The Chinese Wikipedia character list says she is a daughter of the Hao Heaven Lord and the Golden Mother of the Jade Pool. At the Peach Banquet in one year she was serving wine, broke the rules and let her thoughts turn to the mortal world, and for that she was banished to the Qingluan Douque on Phoenix Mountain. Wikidata gives that building as her residence and describes her as a goddess.[^wikidata][^zhwiki] ## Helping the Zhou camp In the list's account, when Luo Xuan set fire to Xiqi with his Ten-Thousand-Mile Smoke-Cloud treasure, Princess Longji came to help. She released water with her Mist and Dew Net to take in all the smoke, took Luo Xuan's Five-Dragon Wheel with her Four Seas Bottle, and cut down his mount with her Twin-Dragon Sword, so that Luo Xuan fled. In the entry on Liu Huan the list adds that Liu Huan was killed by her Twin-Dragon Sword. Facing the garrison commander Hong Jin at Sanshan Pass, she captured him with treasures such as the Dragon-Binding Rope. The Old Man under the Moon said the two were fated to marry. She thought it an ill-fated match, but she married Hong Jin anyway. After that husband and wife fought side by side. She wounded Kong Xuan with the Phoenix Sword, and she broke Hu Lei's substitute trick with the Heaven-and-Earth Needle so that his head could fall. The list notes that she and Deng Chanyu were the only two women commanders in the Zhou camp.[^zhwiki] ## The end in the Ten Thousand Immortals Formation The list says that in the Ten Thousand Immortals Formation she wounded several immortals with her White Light Sword but was struck on the crown by Jinling Shengmu's Four Images Pagoda, fell from her horse, was killed by the crowd of immortals, and was finally made the Red Phoenix Star. Wikidata likewise gives her manner of death as death in battle and her spouse as Hong Jin, but it records Tongguan as her place of death, which does not agree with the formation named in the list. The sources do not reconcile the two, so both are stated here.[^wikidata][^zhwiki] ## Basic facts - Form of address: Princess Longji, also written 龍吉公主[^wikidata] - Status: daughter of the Hao Heaven Lord and the Golden Mother of the Jade Pool, a goddess[^wikidata][^zhwiki] - Residence: Qingluan Douque[^wikidata] - Spouse: Hong Jin[^wikidata][^zhwiki] - Manner of death: death in battle[^wikidata] - Appears in: [[work_cn_q1336310|Investiture of the Gods]] /people/princess-longji.html en zh zh en Character in Investiture of the Gods true mythological figure person_cn_q106310989 person qiongxiao-niangniang 琼霄娘娘

Qiongxiao Niangniang is one of the three immortal ladies of Sanxian Island in Investiture of the Gods, a sister of Zhao Gongming, and a member of the Three Xiao Ladies with Yunxiao and Bixiao. Wikidata records her as a deity of Chinese mythology in charge of childbirth, who died in battle at the hands of Baihe Tongzi.

published category-literature category-people category-fictional-characters tag-fictional-character tag-classics wikidata https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106310989 zhwiki https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%93%8A%E9%9C%84%E5%A8%98%E5%A8%98 2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00 2026-10-29T17:20:41+08:00 user:admin 7 Qiongxiao Niangniang is a character in Investiture of the Gods. Wikidata's Chinese label is 琼霄娘娘, while the Chinese Wikipedia character list writes 瓊宵娘娘. This is the form of address used in the book and no other name is recorded, so the title stays as it was.[^wikidata][^zhwiki] ## Divine office and the recorded facts Wikidata records her as a deity belonging to the group of the Three Xiao Ladies, worshipped within Chinese mythology, with childbirth as her domain, and its English description calls her a Chinese goddess of childbirth. It lists Zhao Gongming and Yunxiao Niangniang as her siblings, gives her manner of death as death in battle, and names Baihe Tongzi as her killer; Baihe Tongzi is described there as a page serving in Yuxu Palace.[^wikidata] ## The story of the three ladies The Chinese Wikipedia character list puts her in one entry with Yunxiao and Bixiao, calling them the three immortal ladies of Sanxian Island and sisters of Zhao Gongming. Zhao Gongming's own treasure was taken from him, and he borrowed the Golden Scissors from the sisters, who then all joined the war of investiture. With the Golden Scissors and the Hunyuan Golden Dipper, two powerful treasures, they laid the Nine-Bend Yellow River Formation, which captured the twelve immortals of the Chan sect, but they could not stand against Taishang Laojun and Yuanshi Tianzun and were defeated and killed. The list says that after death they were made gods under the title Immortal Ladies Who Respond to the World, keeping the Hunyuan Golden Dipper and overseeing rebirth. The list does not narrate Qiongxiao Niangniang's own fighting, so who killed her is given here only as Wikidata records it, alongside the list's account of the general outcome.[^wikidata][^zhwiki] ## Basic facts - Form of address: Qiongxiao Niangniang, also written 瓊宵娘娘 in the list[^wikidata][^zhwiki] - Kind: deity, one of the Three Xiao Ladies, goddess of childbirth[^wikidata] - Siblings: Zhao Gongming, Yunxiao Niangniang[^wikidata] - Manner of death: death in battle, killed by Baihe Tongzi[^wikidata] - Appears in: [[work_cn_q1336310|Investiture of the Gods]] /people/qiongxiao-niangniang.html en zh zh en Character in Investiture of the Gods true mythological figure person_cn_q106310923 person yunxiao-niangniang 云霄娘娘

Yunxiao Niangniang is one of the three immortal ladies of Sanxian Island in Investiture of the Gods and a sister of Zhao Gongming, who with Bixiao and Qiongxiao is known as the Three Xiao Ladies. She helps her brother in the war, sets up the Nine-Bend Yellow River Formation, and is defeated by Taishang Laojun and Yuanshi Tianzun, after which she is enthroned as a goddess.

published category-literature category-people category-fictional-characters tag-fictional-character tag-classics wikidata https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106310923 zhwiki https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%B2%E9%9C%84%E5%A8%98%E5%A8%98 2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00 2026-10-29T17:20:40+08:00 user:admin 7 Yunxiao Niangniang is a character in Investiture of the Gods. Wikidata classes her as a goddess, as part of the group of the Three Xiao Ladies, with the novel's fictional Jiejiao as her religion and Sanxian Island as her residence. Yunxiao Niangniang is the form of address used in the book and no other name is recorded, so the title stays as it was.[^wikidata][^zhwiki] ## One of the three ladies The Chinese Wikipedia character list for Investiture of the Gods gives Yunxiao, Bixiao and Qiongxiao a single entry, calling them the three immortal ladies of Sanxian Island and sisters of Zhao Gongming. Wikidata lists Bixiao Niangniang, Qiongxiao Niangniang and Zhao Gongming as her siblings.[^wikidata][^zhwiki] ## In the war of investiture According to the article, Zhao Gongming's own magic treasure was taken from him and he came to his sisters to borrow the Golden Scissors. Yunxiao did not want everyone drawn into the war of investiture, but she feared her two younger sisters would act without judgment, and in the end all three sisters took part. Their Golden Scissors and the Hunyuan Golden Dipper were powerful treasures, and the Nine-Bend Yellow River Formation they laid even captured the twelve immortals of the Chan sect, but they were still no match for Taishang Laojun and Yuanshi Tianzun, and were defeated and killed.[^zhwiki] ## Enthronement The article says that after death the three were made gods under the title Immortal Ladies Who Respond to the World, who keep the Hunyuan Golden Dipper and oversee the cycle of rebirth. It also mentions that Hanzhi Xian and Caiyun Xianzi joined the Three Xiao Ladies in taking vengeance for Zhao Gongming and helping Wen Zhong's army against Xiqi.[^zhwiki] ## Basic facts - Form of address: Yunxiao Niangniang, also written 雲霄娘娘[^wikidata] - Kind: goddess, one of the Three Xiao Ladies[^wikidata] - Religion and residence: Jiejiao, Sanxian Island[^wikidata] - Siblings: Zhao Gongming, Bixiao Niangniang, Qiongxiao Niangniang[^wikidata][^zhwiki] - Appears in: [[work_cn_q1336310|Investiture of the Gods]] /people/yunxiao-niangniang.html en zh zh en Character in Investiture of the Gods true mythological figure person_cn_q106310988 person bixiao-niangniang 碧霄娘娘

Bixiao Niangniang is one of the three immortal ladies of Sanxian Island in Investiture of the Gods, a sister of Zhao Gongming, and a member of the Three Xiao Ladies with Yunxiao and Qiongxiao. Wikidata records her as a deity who died in battle; in the book the three sisters are defeated and then made gods.

published category-literature category-people category-fictional-characters tag-fictional-character tag-classics wikidata https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106310988 zhwiki https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A2%A7%E9%9C%84%E5%A8%98%E5%A8%98 2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00 2026-10-29T17:20:38+08:00 user:admin 7 Bixiao Niangniang is a character in Investiture of the Gods. The Chinese Wikipedia character list also writes her name as 碧宵娘娘, while Wikidata's Chinese label is 碧霄娘娘. This is the form of address used in the book and no other name is recorded, so the title stays as it was.[^wikidata][^zhwiki] ## Among the three ladies Wikidata records her as a deity belonging to the group of the Three Xiao Ladies, with Sanxian Island as her residence and the Investiture of the Gods universe as her world. It lists Yunxiao Niangniang and Zhao Gongming as her siblings and gives her manner of death as death in battle. The Chinese Wikipedia list puts her in one entry with Yunxiao and Qiongxiao, calling them the three immortal ladies of Sanxian Island and sisters of Zhao Gongming.[^wikidata][^zhwiki] ## The war and its end According to the list, when Zhao Gongming's treasure was taken from him he borrowed the Golden Scissors from his three sisters, and all three finally entered the war of investiture. Their Golden Scissors and the Hunyuan Golden Dipper were powerful, and the Nine-Bend Yellow River Formation they laid captured the twelve immortals of the Chan sect, but they could not stand against Taishang Laojun and Yuanshi Tianzun and were defeated and killed. The list adds that after death the three were made gods under the title Immortal Ladies Who Respond to the World, keeping the Hunyuan Golden Dipper and overseeing rebirth. The sources give no separate account of Bixiao Niangniang's own fighting, so no detailed episodes are told here.[^zhwiki] ## Basic facts - Form of address: Bixiao Niangniang, also written 碧宵娘娘 in the list[^wikidata][^zhwiki] - Kind: deity, one of the Three Xiao Ladies[^wikidata] - Residence: Sanxian Island[^wikidata] - Siblings: Yunxiao Niangniang, Zhao Gongming[^wikidata] - Manner of death: death in battle[^wikidata] - Appears in: [[work_cn_q1336310|Investiture of the Gods]] /people/bixiao-niangniang.html en zh zh en Character in Investiture of the Gods true mythological figure person_cn_q10566629 person ma-daopo 马道婆

Ma Daopo is a character in Dream of the Red Chamber, the godmother to whom Jia Baoyu is nominally entrusted, and a woman who follows money. At Concubine Zhao's urging she uses sorcery to harm Baoyu and Wang Xifeng, who are saved by a monk and a Daoist, and in chapter 81 she is caught and handed to the authorities.

published category-literature category-people category-fictional-characters tag-fictional-character tag-classics tag-four-great-classics wikidata https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10566629 zhwiki https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E9%81%93%E5%A9%86 2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00 2026-10-29T17:20:35+08:00 user:admin 7 Ma Daopo is a character in Dream of the Red Chamber. Wikidata gives her Chinese name as 马道婆, records her family name as Ma, and lists the variant 馬道婆. Daopo is a term for her station, and no personal name is recorded, so the title stays as it was.[^wikidata][^zhwiki] ## Position and character Chinese Wikipedia says she is the godmother to whom Jia Baoyu is nominally entrusted, and that she is a woman who follows money. Wikidata records her residence as Shenjing, the novel's fictional capital, and the setting as the Reigning Dynasty.[^wikidata][^zhwiki] ## The sorcery According to the article, she asks the Lady Dowager to donate five catties of oil each day to light the sea lamps, as a cure for Baoyu, while at the same time plotting with Concubine Zhao to harm Baoyu and Wang Xifeng in secret by sorcery. A monk and a Daoist come to the rescue, and so Baoyu and Xifeng escape the disaster.[^zhwiki] ## Exposure The article says that in chapter 81 her deeds come to light, and she is seized by the injured party and sent to the authorities.[^zhwiki] ## Basic facts - Form of address: Ma Daopo, also written 馬道婆[^wikidata] - Role: godmother to whom Jia Baoyu is nominally entrusted[^zhwiki] - Residence: Shenjing, the novel's fictional capital[^wikidata] - Setting recorded on this entry: the Reigning Dynasty of the novel[^wikidata] - Appears in: [[work_cn_q8265|Dream of the Red Chamber]] /people/ma-daopo.html en zh zh en Character in Dream of the Red Chamber true literary character person_cn_q10566107 person shunfeng-er 顺风耳

Shunfeng'er, or With-the-Wind Ear, is a divine general of folk belief and fiction who can hear distant sounds. Paired with Qianliyan, he serves as a guardian of the sea goddess Mazu and is also called the Water Essence General. His origin is told in several ways, one making him Gao Jue, a general of King Zhou of Shang.

published category-literature category-people category-fictional-characters tag-fictional-character tag-classics tag-four-great-classics wikidata https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10566107 zhwiki https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A0%86%E9%A2%A8%E8%80%B3 2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00 2026-10-29T17:20:33+08:00 user:admin 7 Shunfeng'er, or With-the-Wind Ear, is a divine general of folk belief and classical fiction who can hear sounds from afar. He is usually named together with Qianliyan. Wikidata classes him as a water deity and describes him as a heavenly god also known as the Water Essence General. His name is a divine epithet, and the accounts give differing origins and names, so the title stays as it was.[^wikidata][^zhwiki] ## Relation to Mazu Chinese Wikipedia says he was originally a monster who appeared together with Qianliyan and harmed the world, was subdued by Mazu and became a divine general with the power to hear every sound in the world. In folk accounts, the two guardians who watch and listen on Mazu's behalf are Qianliyan, also called the Gold Essence General, who holds a halberd in the left hand and raises the right hand to his brow to look far, and Shunfeng'er, also called the Water Essence General, who holds a crescent axe in the right hand and points the left to his ear.[^zhwiki] ## Several origins The article lists several traditions. One says the two were transformed from the essences of metal and water. Another says they were Gao Ming and Gao Jue, brothers and generals of King Zhou of Shang, killed in battle against Jiang Ziya. Their spirits lingered on Peach Blossom Mountain until Lin Moniang, later Mazu, subdued them with sacred tools, after which they cultivated the Way and became her two helpers once she became a goddess. A third says they were heavenly generals sent down by the Jade Emperor to wait and help Mazu rescue those in distress at sea. Another source says Mazu is an incarnation of Guanyin, so that Qianliyan "watches disasters a thousand li away" and Shunfeng'er "listens to sounds and relieves suffering", and the two words together make up the sense of Guanyin.[^zhwiki] ## Appearance in popular accounts The article describes Qianliyan as green-faced, green-robed and two-horned, and Shunfeng'er as red-faced, red-robed and one-horned, with an axe in his right hand and his left hand pointing at his ear. Both have eyes like bronze bells, teeth like short swords, a body more than ten feet tall and a voice like a bronze bell. A folk tale adds that Gao Ming could see a thousand li and Gao Jue could hear a thousand li, so that King Zhou knew King Wu of Zhou's plans in advance. Jiang Ziya saw through them with a demon-revealing mirror, had the whole army beat gongs and wave great banners, and scattered dog's blood so that the two lost their power and died.[^zhwiki] ## In fiction The article also notes that in Journey to the South, also called the Story of the Five Manifestations, Shunfeng'er is a demon subdued by Huaguang together with the White Tiger spirit and Qianliyan. This site lists him as appearing in Investiture of the Gods and Journey to the West, but the sources used here do not describe those episodes.[^zhwiki] ## Basic facts - Form of address: Shunfeng'er, also written 順風耳[^wikidata] - Kind: water deity, heavenly god, also called the Water Essence General[^wikidata] - Counterpart: Qianliyan[^zhwiki] - Appears in: [[work_cn_q1336310|Investiture of the Gods]], [[work_cn_q70784|Journey to the West]] /people/shunfeng-er.html en zh zh en Character in Investiture of the Gods and Journey to the West true mythological figure person_cn_q1062761 person guan-lu 管辂

Guan Lu (209–256), courtesy name Gongming, from Pingyuan, was a diviner of Cao Wei known for divination, physiognomy and astronomy. He foretold the deaths of He Yan and Deng Yang, who were killed soon after in the Gaoping Tombs coup, and said himself that he would not live past forty-seven or forty-eight; he died aged forty-eight.

published category-history category-people category-historical-figures tag-ancient-china wikidata https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062761 zhwiki https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AE%A1%E8%BC%85 zhengshi https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%9C%8B%E5%BF%97/%E5%8D%B729 2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00 2026-10-29T17:20:33+08:00 user:admin 9 Guan Lu was a diviner of Cao Wei. The Records of the Three Kingdoms say that his courtesy name was Gongming and that he came from Pingyuan. Wikidata's Chinese label is 管輅, so the title stays as it was. Wikidata and Chinese Wikipedia both give his life as 209 to 256.[^wikidata][^zhengshi][^zhwiki] ## Appearance and temperament Chen Shou writes that he was coarse and ugly in looks, had no dignified bearing and loved wine, and ate, drank and joked without choosing his company, so that people mostly liked him but did not respect him.[^zhengshi] ## Youth The Separate Biography of Guan Lu, quoted in Pei Songzhi's commentary, says that at eight or nine he loved to look up at the stars, asked everyone for their names and would not sleep at night, and that his parents' bans could not stop him. He said that though he was small his eyes liked to watch the heavens, and that household chickens and wild swans know the hour, so why not people. He drew the sky, sun, moon and stars in the dirt with the children next door. The biography adds that at fifteen he went to study at his father's post in Jiqiu in Langye. The governor Shan Zichun gathered more than a hundred guests to meet the boy. Guan Lu first asked for three measures of clear wine, then argued with the whole company, answering every challenge with something to spare, and Shan Zichun praised the grandeur of his speech, so that Xuzhou began to call him a prodigy. As an adult he mastered the Book of Changes and was skilled at reading the sky, wind-augury, divination and physiognomy, and the biography calls him generous and inclined to return kindness for injury.[^zhengshi][^zhwiki] ## Prophecies The Records tell of several of his predictions. His father served as an official at Licao, where the three Guo En brothers were all lame and asked him to divine the cause. Guan Lu said that the hexagram showed a family grave with a woman's ghost, an aunt who had been thrown down a well for a few measures of grain, and the brothers wept and confessed. Liu Fenglin's wife in Guangping was dying and a coffin had been bought. Guan Lu said her fate would come at noon on the xinmao day in the eighth month, and so it did. When Wang Ji, governor of Anping, asked him to divine three omens, he said they were the mischief of old goblins in a house, not an evil sign, and no harm followed. When women in the household of the magistrate of Xindu were sick with fright, he pointed to the bones of two dead men in the wall of the north hall, and they recovered once the bones were moved. Travelling west with the army he passed the Guanqiu Jian tomb, leaned on a tree and sighed, saying that by the rules of geomancy the family was due to be wiped out within two years, and the Records say it came about as he said. When the governor of Qinghe asked him about rain during a drought, he said it would rain that night, and in spite of a dry day heavy rain fell at night.[^zhengshi] ## Foretelling the death of He Yan and Deng Yang He Yan invited him, with Deng Yang present. He Yan asked whether he would rise to the highest ministers, and about a dream of dozens of blue flies settling on his nose and refusing to leave. Guan Lu answered that He Yan's rank was as heavy as a mountain and his power like thunder, yet few were grateful and many were afraid, which was not the way to much blessing; that the nose is the mountain at the center of the face, and that foul flies gathering on it were a warning to think of rise and fall. He urged him to follow King Wen's lines and Confucius's judgments, and then the highest office could be won and the flies driven off. Deng Yang called this an old scholar's commonplace, and Guan Lu replied that the old scholar sees what is not born and the commonplace sees what is not spoken. He Yan said they would meet again after the new year. Guan Lu told his uncle, who rebuked him for speaking so sharply, and Guan Lu said, "Why fear to speak to dead men?" After the new year came the news that He Yan and Deng Yang had been executed, and his uncle then gave way. This corresponds to the Gaoping Tombs coup of the tenth year of Zhengshi.[^zhengshi][^zhwiki] ## Death In the second year of Zhengyuan his younger brother Guan Chen asked whether the regent's good treatment meant wealth was coming. Guan Lu sighed that Heaven had given him intelligence but not years, that he feared he would not live past forty-seven or forty-eight, and that he was likely to govern ghosts on Mount Tai rather than the living. That year in the eighth month he became deputy of the Ministry of the Privy Purse, and he died in the second month of the following year at the age of forty-eight. Chen Shou places him in the same fascicle as Hua Tuo, Du Kui, Zhu Jianping and Zhou Xuan, and Chinese Wikipedia quotes Chen Shou's praise of these men for their mysterious skill and extraordinary art.[^zhengshi][^zhwiki] ## Basic facts - Name: Guan Lu, courtesy name Gongming[^zhengshi] - Origin: Pingyuan[^zhengshi] - Life: 209 to 256[^wikidata] - Occupation: diviner[^zhwiki] - Family: younger brothers Guan Chen and Guan Jiru, cousin Guan Xiaoguo[^zhwiki] - Birthplace: [[place_cn_371426|Pingyuan County]][^wikidata] - Portrayal: [[person_cn_q124359954|管辂]] (character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms) /people/guan-lu.html en zh zh en 209 209 256 256 historical figure person_cn_q1062887 person mao-jie 毛玠

Mao Jie (died 216), courtesy name Xiaoxian, from Pingqiu in Chenliu, was an adviser and selecting official under Cao Cao at the end of the Han. He urged Cao Cao to receive the emperor, promote farming and store supplies, then with Cui Yan ran appointments and was known for his integrity. In 216 he was jailed on a charge of slander and, after Huan Jie and He Qia pleaded for him, was only dismissed, dying at home soon afterwards.

published category-history category-people category-historical-figures tag-ancient-china wikidata https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062887 zhwiki https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AF%9B%E7%8E%A0 zhengshi https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%9C%8B%E5%BF%97/%E5%8D%B712 2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00 2026-10-29T17:20:33+08:00 user:admin 7 Mao Jie was an adviser and selecting official under Cao Cao at the end of the Eastern Han. The Records of the Three Kingdoms say his courtesy name was Xiaoxian and that he came from Pingqiu in Chenliu. Wikidata's label is the same, so the title stays as it was. Wikidata records his death in 216, and Chinese Wikipedia says he was born in the second century with no exact year.[^wikidata][^zhengshi][^zhwiki] ## Early years and advice The Records say that as a young man he served as a county clerk and was known for incorruptibility. He meant to flee the troubles to Jingzhou but, hearing on the way that Liu Biao's orders were unclear, went to Luyang instead. When Cao Cao took charge of Yan province, he called Mao Jie as chief of the records. Mao Jie told Cao Cao that the realm was breaking apart, the sovereign had been moved, people had lost their livelihoods, the state had no reserve for even a year and the people had no settled purpose, so this could not last. Yuan Shao and Liu Biao, though they had many soldiers and subjects, had no far-sighted plan and had not laid a foundation. He advised receiving the Son of Heaven to command those who would not submit, promoting farming and storing supplies, so that the work of a hegemon could be completed. Cao Cao respected the advice, adopted it and made him a senior clerk of his headquarters.[^zhengshi][^zhwiki] ## Running appointments Later, as aide of the Eastern Bureau in the Ministry of Works, he and Cui Yan ran the selection of officials, and everyone they recommended was honest and upright, while men with a fine name but bad conduct were passed over. He himself was incorruptible and it set a tone, so even favored ministers dared not dress or ride too lavishly. Cao Cao praised him, saying that if people were chosen like this and the world governed itself, there would be nothing left for him to do. Cao Pi, then Commander of the Five Offices, visited him in person and asked him to look after a relative. Mao Jie replied that he had avoided guilt only by keeping to his duty, that the man named lacked the qualification to be promoted, and that he did not dare obey. When the army returned to Ye and the staff was to be reduced, some who feared him wanted to abolish his Eastern Bureau on the ground that by old rule it ranked below the Western Bureau, but Cao Cao said that sun and moon both rise in the east, so why abolish the east, and abolished the Western Bureau instead. After Cao Cao's northern campaign took Liucheng, he picked an ancient plain screen and an ancient plain armrest from the spoils and gave them to Mao Jie, who he thought had the bearing of the ancients.[^zhengshi][^zhwiki] ## The Wei state and the succession In 213, when Cao Cao became Duke of Wei and set up the state of Wei, Mao Jie became the senior secretary of the masters of writing and again had charge of selection. Cao Zhi was then Cao Cao's favorite, and Mao Jie privately cautioned that Yuan Shao had ruined himself by not distinguishing heirs by main wife and concubine, and that to depose and install an heir was a grave matter he did not want to hear of. Later at a gathering of officials, when Mao Jie left to relieve himself, Cao Cao watched him go and said this was what the ancients called the upright minister of the state, his own Zhou Chang.[^zhengshi][^zhwiki] ## Prison and death In 216 Cui Yan was accused of proud and resentful words, angered Cao Cao and was ordered to commit suicide, and Mao Jie was deeply unhappy about it. Someone then reported that Mao Jie, on seeing a man tattooed for treason whose wife and children had been taken into official servitude, had said that this was probably why Heaven sent no rain, and the remark was called slander of Cao Cao. Cao Cao flew into a rage and had him jailed. Zhong Yao questioned him at length about the ancient practice of punishing a man's family, and demanded when, to whom and where he had spoken. Mao Jie replied by citing Xiao Wangzhi, Bai Qi, Chao Cuo and Wu Yuan as men who were killed through envy or slander, said that in youth he had been a clerk, had held a post in the central secretariat for a long time, had refused every request made through private favor however powerful the person, and that the slanderous men were like flies acting without cause, and asked, as Wangshu Chensheng once did before Fan Xuanzi, to be confronted with his accuser. With Huan Jie and He Qia pleading, he was only dismissed. He later died at home, and Cao Cao gave a coffin and silk and made his son Mao Ji a gentleman of the palace.[^zhengshi][^zhwiki] ## Character and judgments Chinese Wikipedia says he was known for incorruptibility and lived plainly even at the height of favor, wearing cloth and eating vegetables, raising his dead brother's son as his own and often helping poor relatives, so that his house had nothing left over. The article quotes Chen Shou's verdict that he walked in purity and fairness, as well as Cao Cao's words that he was the upright minister of the state, the Biographies of Former Worthies' account of him choosing the honest and dismissing the showy and flattering, a remark of Fu Xian that Cao Cao once sighed that his own laws were not equal to Minister Mao's, and Liang Qichao's use of Mao Jie and Cui Yan as an example of the old way of choosing officials.[^zhwiki] ## Basic facts - Name: Mao Jie, courtesy name Xiaoxian[^zhengshi] - Origin: Pingqiu in Chenliu[^zhengshi] - Died: 216[^wikidata] - Offices: chief of the records, aide of the Eastern Bureau, senior secretary of the masters of writing, among others[^zhengshi] - Family: son Mao Ji[^zhwiki] - Dynasty or state: Eastern Han[^wikidata] - Birthplace: [[place_cn_410727|Fengqiu County]][^wikidata] - Portrayal: [[person_cn_q123702748|毛玠]] (character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms) /people/mao-jie.html en zh zh en 216 216 historical figure person_cn_q10565906 person huo-qi 霍启

Huo Qi is a character in Dream of the Red Chamber, a servant of Zhen Shiyin's household who appears in chapter 1. Wikidata records his family name as Huo and his occupation as domestic worker, working and living at the Zhen Mansion on Renqing Street.

published category-literature category-people category-fictional-characters tag-fictional-character tag-classics tag-four-great-classics wikidata https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10565906 zhwiki https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9C%8D%E5%90%AF 2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00 2026-10-29T17:20:29+08:00 user:admin 7 Huo Qi is a minor character who appears early in Dream of the Red Chamber. Wikidata gives his Chinese name as 霍启, with the variant 霍啟, and the Chinese Wikipedia character list uses 霍启 as well, so the title is unchanged.[^wikidata][^zhwiki] ## Position The character list records him as a servant of Zhen Shiyin's household and places his appearance in chapter 1. Wikidata describes him as a servant of the Zhen household, lists his occupation as domestic worker and his family name as Huo, names Zhen Shiyin as his employer, and gives the Zhen Mansion on Renqing Street as both his workplace and his residence. The recorded setting is the book's fictional Reigning Dynasty.[^wikidata][^zhwiki] ## Scope of the sources The two sources behind this entry give only his position, the chapter of his appearance and his service relation, with no further narrative, so nothing more is said here.[^wikidata][^zhwiki] ## Basic facts - Name: Huo Qi, also written 霍啟[^wikidata] - Role: servant of the Zhen Shiyin household[^wikidata][^zhwiki] - First appearance: chapter 1[^zhwiki] - Setting recorded on this entry: the Reigning Dynasty of the novel[^wikidata] - Appears in: [[work_cn_q8265|Dream of the Red Chamber]] /people/huo-qi.html en zh zh en Character in Dream of the Red Chamber true literary character person_cn_q1061289 person king-wu-zhou 周武王

Ji Fa, known as King Wu of Zhou, founded the Western Zhou and was its first Son of Heaven, the second son of King Wen and Tai Si. He defeated the last Shang king at the Battle of Muye, ended Shang and founded Zhou, and died not long afterwards, to be succeeded by his son King Cheng.

published category-history category-people category-historical-figures tag-ancient-china wikidata https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1061289 zhwiki https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E6%AD%A6%E7%8E%8B 2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00 2026-10-29T17:20:28+08:00 user:admin 7 Ji Fa was the founder of the Western Zhou and its first Son of Heaven, generally called King Wu of Zhou, where Wu is a posthumous title. Chinese Wikipedia states plainly that his surname was Ji and his given name Fa. Wikidata lists Ji Fa among his Chinese aliases and gives Ji Fa as an English alias, so the title is Ji Fa. He was the second son by the main wife of the Count of the West Chang, later honored as King Wen, and Tai Si, and his chief wife was Yi Jiang.[^wikidata][^zhwiki] ## The fall of Shang Chinese Wikipedia says he carried out King Wen's wish and marched east against Shang around the middle of the eleventh century BC. Around the eleventh year of his mandate the last Shang king, Di Xin, had worn out the state by repeated wars against the eastern and southeastern peoples. Ji Fa judged the time ripe, allied with the Yong, Shu, Qiang, Mao, Lu, Peng and Pu peoples, and personally led three hundred chariots, three thousand elite guards and forty-five thousand armored soldiers against Zhaoge, the secondary Shang capital, and fought at Muye. The article cites the Book of Documents line on blood floating pestles, and the Lunheng's doubts about it. The Shang troops turned their weapons around on the field, the king burned himself on the Deer Terrace, and Ji Fa cut the body with a battle-axe, which is called the conquest of Yin. The article also sets out scholars' differing views on the turn-about, either slaves hastily armed or a revolt of nobles.[^zhwiki] ## Founding the Zhou After the conquest Ji Fa founded the Zhou and made Haojing his capital. He honored his father the Count of the West as King Wen, reburied Bi Gan, who had been wrongly killed by the Shang king, and freed the imprisoned Jizi. Since the Shang remnants were still strong, he followed a policy of conciliation and enfeoffed the Shang king's son Wu Geng at Yin, then enfeoffed three of his own younger brothers, Guan Shuxian, Cai Shudu and Huo Shuchu, at Guan, Cai and Huo to keep watch over Wu Geng, an arrangement called the Three Overseers. The article adds that he enfeoffed descendants of Shennong, the Yellow Emperor, Yao, Shun and the Xia at places such as Jiao, Zhu, Ji, Chen and Qi, and that meritorious followers such as Duke Shao were enfeoffed at Yan and Taigong Wang at Qi. A full enfeoffment system took shape only under King Cheng and the Duke of Zhou's regency.[^zhwiki] ## Death and age The article says he died three years after the conquest, about 1043 BC, and King Cheng succeeded him. He was buried at Bi in the sixth month of the first year, with the Duke of Zhou, Duke Shao and Taigong Wang assisting. The article lists several traditions about his age at death: ninety-four in the current text of the Bamboo Annals, ninety-three in the Book of Rites, more than sixty in the Records of the Grand Historian, fifty-four in the Annotated Bamboo Annals, and forty-five in Tao Hongjing's Zhengao. The article's own estimate, based on King Cheng's age, puts his birth around 1076 BC and his age at thirty-four. Wikidata gives his birth as 1150 BC, which does not agree, so both are noted here without choosing. The article also mentions that the Xia-Shang-Zhou Chronology Project dates his reign to 1046 to 1043 BC and that the Cambridge History of China suggests about 1049 to 1043 BC.[^wikidata][^zhwiki] ## The Ten Ministers and his family The Book of Documents has him say that he has ten ministers of one mind, and later writers use the Ten Ministers for the men who helped him govern. The article lists the Duke of Zhou, Duke Shao, Taigong Wang, Duke Bi Gao, Rong Bo, Tai Dian, Hong Yao, San Yisheng, Nangong Kuo, and the Mother Wen, who is either his mother Tai Si or, on another view, his wife Yi Jiang. Among his family, the article names his wife Yi Jiang, daughter of Lu Shang, Taigong of Qi. King Cheng Song and Tang Shuyu were his sons by Yi Jiang, and further children are Yu Shu, the Marquis of Ying, the Marquis of Han, and his eldest daughter Da Ji, wife of Duke Hu of Chen. His brothers include Bo Yikao, Guan Shuxian, the Duke of Zhou, Cai Shudu and Huo Shuchu.[^zhwiki] ## Variant writing The article notes that in some histories in the Sinitic cultural sphere the name was written as King Hu of Zhou because of taboo avoidance or copying habits. Goryeo works such as the Samguk Yusa and the Jewang Un'gi changed Wu to the homophone Hu to avoid the name of King Hyejong, Wang Mu. Wikidata also keeps the variant forms King Hu of Zhou and King Wu among its aliases.[^wikidata][^zhwiki] ## Basic facts - Name: Ji Fa (surname Ji, given name Fa); posthumous title Wu; generally called King Wu of Zhou[^wikidata][^zhwiki] - Parents: King Wen and Tai Si[^wikidata][^zhwiki] - Spouse: Yi Jiang[^wikidata][^zhwiki] - Died: about 1043 BC[^wikidata][^zhwiki] - Dynasty or state: Zhou[^wikidata] - Birthplace: [[place_cn_610000|Shaanxi]][^wikidata] - Portrayal: [[person_cn_q131914606|King Wu of Zhou]] (character in Investiture of the Gods) /people/king-wu-zhou.html en zh zh en -1042 1042 BC historical figure person_cn_q10563992 person jin-wenxiang 金文翔

Jin Wenxiang is a character in Dream of the Red Chamber, the elder brother of Yuanyang and a purchasing agent for the Lady Dowager. Wikidata records him as a domestic servant surnamed Jin, with Jin Cai as his father and the wife of Jin Wenxiang as his spouse.

published category-literature category-people category-fictional-characters tag-fictional-character tag-classics tag-four-great-classics wikidata https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10563992 zhwiki https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%87%91%E6%96%87%E7%BF%94 2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00 2026-10-29T17:20:27+08:00 user:admin 7 Jin Wenxiang is a minor character in Dream of the Red Chamber. Wikidata and the Chinese Wikipedia character list both give his name as Jin Wenxiang, so the title is unchanged.[^wikidata][^zhwiki] ## Position The Chinese Wikipedia character list calls him the elder brother of Yuanyang and a purchasing agent for the Lady Dowager, and places his first appearance in chapter 46. Wikidata likewise describes him as Yuanyang's brother, lists his occupation as domestic worker and his family name as Jin, and gives the setting as the book's fictional Reigning Dynasty.[^wikidata][^zhwiki] ## Family Wikidata records Jin Cai as his father and the wife of Jin Wenxiang as his spouse. His siblings are Yuanyang and another figure called the sister of Yuanyang. Wikidata also lists a Jin Wenxiang house as the dwelling of Yuanyang's brother. The sources give no further narrative detail, so nothing more is said here.[^wikidata] ## Basic facts - Name: Jin Wenxiang[^wikidata] - Role: brother of Yuanyang, purchasing agent for the Lady Dowager[^wikidata][^zhwiki] - First appearance: chapter 46[^zhwiki] - Setting recorded on this entry: the Reigning Dynasty of the novel[^wikidata] - Appears in: [[work_cn_q8265|Dream of the Red Chamber]] /people/jin-wenxiang.html en zh zh en Character in Dream of the Red Chamber true literary character person_cn_q1057885 person qin-ming 秦明

Qin Ming is a character in Water Margin, one of the 108 Liangshan heroes, matched with the Heavenly Fierce Star, nicknamed Thunderbolt, who wields a spiked club and ranks third of the Five Tiger Generals of the cavalry. A commander at Qingzhou driven onto Liangshan by Song Jiang's scheme, he is killed in the campaign against Fang La when Fang Jie unseats him in Qingxi County.

published category-literature category-people category-fictional-characters tag-fictional-character tag-classics tag-four-great-classics wikidata https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1057885 zhwiki https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A7%A6%E6%98%8E 2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00 2026-10-29T17:20:26+08:00 user:admin 7 Qin Ming is a character in the classical novel Water Margin. Wikidata's Chinese label is 秦明, with the family name Qin and the given name Ming, and the Chinese Wikipedia article uses the same name, so the title is unchanged. Wikidata gives his birthplace as Kaizhou and the setting as the Great Song, and records his death year as 1120 within the story.[^wikidata][^zhwiki] ## Character and nickname Chinese Wikipedia calls him one of the 108 Liangshan heroes, matched with the Heavenly Fierce Star, third of the Five Tiger Generals of the cavalry, and a fighter with a spiked club. Because he is hot-tempered and fierce, roars so as to shake the sky, and likes a red helmet and red robe, he is nicknamed Thunderbolt. The article says that Huang Xin, of the Earthly Fiend stars, is his disciple and that he often leads the charge in the Liangshan army, one of the heroes who has taken part in the most duels. Wikidata lists his occupation as military officer and records forms of address such as Commander Qin and Director Qin.[^wikidata][^zhwiki] ## Driven to Liangshan The article says that his family came from Kaizhou beyond the mountains and that he was commander of the Qingzhou military office. Learning that Hua Rong had rebelled, he led five hundred men himself to seize him and fought forty or fifty rounds without result, but being bold without strategy he fell into a pit and was captured. Even then he refused to submit. Song Jiang, who knew his valor, wanted him as a general and, with Hua Rong and others, devised a plot that led Murong Yanda, the prefect of Qingzhou, to believe Qin Ming had gone over to Liangshan and to kill his whole family. Qin Ming flew into a rage, joined Song Jiang, swore revenge and took part in the capture of Qingzhou. Hua Rong, guilty about it, gave Qin Ming his sister as wife, and Song Jiang and the others comforted him generously, so he put the grievance aside. Wikidata also lists two spouses for him, his first wife and the sister of Hua Rong.[^wikidata][^zhwiki] ## Deeds on Liangshan On Liangshan he won repeated merit with his club in a series of battles including those against the Zhu family estate and Gaotang. When Guan Sheng led an army against Liangshan, Qin Ming captured Xuan Zan alive, which forced Guan Sheng to submit. At the great ranking he stood seventh and third of the Five Tiger Generals. He later accepted the court's amnesty with the other heroes and took part in the campaigns against the Liao, Wang Qing, Tian Hu and Fang La.[^zhwiki] ## Death in the Fang La campaign In the southern campaign he killed the enemy general Feng Yi with a hammer, among other feats. Near the end, on the border of Qingxi County, he met Fang La's nephew Fang Jie and others. He fought dozens of rounds against Fang Jie's halberd without a result, until the enemy general Du Wei threw a flying knife to distract him, and Fang Jie thrust him from his horse and killed him. Song Jiang grieved that the veteran fell just as the war was ending and the army about to return in triumph, and after his memorial in the capital the court posthumously gave Qin Ming the rank of Zhongwu Lang. Wikidata likewise records Fang Jie as his killer, Qingxi County as the place of death and injury as the cause.[^wikidata][^zhwiki] ## Old judgments The article quotes a few older remarks. Jin Shengtan puts Qin Ming and Suo Chao among the upper-middle figures. Li Zhuowu says that men like Qin Ming and Huyan Zhuo were forced by circumstances and lured into the band by Song Jiang and should not all be called robbers, though he adds that anyone who cannot give his life for benevolence and righteousness is a robber. Yu Xiangdou says Qin Ming, in rushing out of the prefecture to seize Hua Rong, showed more courage than Liu Gao.[^zhwiki] ## Basic facts - Name: Qin Ming[^wikidata] - Nickname: Thunderbolt; star: Heavenly Fierce Star[^wikidata][^zhwiki] - Birthplace: Kaizhou[^wikidata] - Died: 1120 (Wikidata, within the story)[^wikidata] - Setting recorded on this entry: the Great Song[^wikidata] - Appears in: [[work_cn_q70827|Water Margin]] /people/qin-ming.html en zh zh en Character in Water Margin true literary character person_cn_q1054494 person king-mulu 木鹿大王

King Mulu is a fictional character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms, the lord of the Barbarian Bana Cave, who serves under Meng Huo and is skilled in magic. In the novel he rides an elephant into battle and is trampled to death in the fight against Zhuge Liang; Wikidata records his death year as 225.

published category-literature category-people category-fictional-characters tag-fictional-character tag-classics tag-four-great-classics wikidata https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1054494 zhwiki https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E9%B9%BF%E5%A4%A7%E7%8E%8B 2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00 2026-10-29T17:20:24+08:00 user:admin 7 King Mulu is a fictional character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Wikidata describes him as a lord of a Barbarian cave, and the setting recorded for him is Shu Han. His name is only the honorific "King" attached to a place name, with no recorded personal name, so the title stays as it was.[^wikidata][^zhwiki] ## The character The Chinese Wikipedia article calls him a Barbarian of the southern tribes in the novel, a subordinate of Meng Huo and the lord of the Bana Cave, deeply versed in magic. It says that he rode an elephant when he went out, could call up wind and rain, and was followed by tigers, leopards, jackals, wolves, venomous snakes and scorpions. He commanded thirty thousand spirit soldiers and was very brave.[^zhwiki] ## The fight with Zhuge Liang According to the article, he went to war on a huge elephant and at first drove back the Shu Han army. Zhuge Liang then used great beasts loaded with burning material and spitting fire to frighten his elephants. King Mulu fell from his elephant and was trampled to death.[^zhwiki] ## Basic facts - Identity: fictional character of the novel, lord of a Barbarian cave[^wikidata] - Died: 225 (as recorded by Wikidata)[^wikidata] - Setting recorded on this entry: Shu Han[^wikidata] - Appears in: [[work_cn_q70806|The Romance of the Three Kingdoms]][^zhwiki] /people/king-mulu.html en zh zh en 225 225 Character in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms true literary character person_cn_q10540116 person concubine-zhao 赵姨娘

Concubine Zhao, in Dream of the Red Chamber, is Jia Zheng's concubine and the birth mother of Jia Tanchun and Jia Huan. She was born a household slave. Jealous that Baoyu was favored over Jia Huan, she has Ma Daopo curse Xifeng and Baoyu. She also quarrels with Tanchun over the funeral silver for her brother Zhao Guoji and beats Fangguan in public. The sources give no personal name.

published category-literature category-people category-fictional-characters tag-fictional-character tag-classics tag-four-great-classics wikidata https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10540116 zhwiki https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B5%B5%E5%A7%A8%E5%A8%98 2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00 2026-10-29T17:20:23+08:00 user:admin 7 Concubine Zhao is a character in the novel Dream of the Red Chamber. Wikidata names her Concubine Zhao. The record also has the form Aunt Zhao. There is a surname and the title of concubine, and no personal name, so the heading stays Concubine Zhao. She is the concubine of Jia Zheng, the second master of the Rongguo house, and the birth mother of Jia Tanchun and Jia Huan. This entry records her as a figure of the novel, and the story is set in the dynasty of the novel.[^wikidata][^zhwiki] ## Position Jia Zheng's wife is Lady Wang. His concubines are Concubine Zhao and Concubine Zhou. The article says she is shown speaking and acting in only three or four places, and is mentioned from the side in only four or five. She and Concubine Zhou are similar in station and age and opposite in temper. Zhou accepts her lot. Zhao will not, and she keeps making trouble. Researchers put the difference down to Zhou having no children, while Zhao has children and resists the gap between the wife's line and the concubine's. Zhao was born a household slave, the daughter of a page and a maid who had been released. She was young and beautiful, and so was taken as a concubine. Her speech is coarse, she likes to stir trouble, and the household does not respect her. Even with a son and a daughter she does not receive a master's treatment. She is half master and half slave, and in practice she stands below the senior maids and the ranking servants. She is at odds with Lady Wang and Wang Xifeng, and the Lady Dowager has scolded her before everyone. Her daughter Jia Tanchun is hostile and, by the rule of wife and concubine, will not admit Zhao's brother as her own uncle.[^zhwiki] ## Several episodes In chapter 25, jealous that Jia Baoyu is favored over Jia Huan, she has the Daoist woman Ma curse Xifeng and Baoyu by witchcraft. In chapter 55, after her brother Zhao Guoji dies, the funeral silver from the Jia house is less than Xiren's. She quarrels with her daughter Tanchun, who is then managing the household. In chapter 60 the actress Fangguan gives Jia Huan jasmine powder and calls it rose nitre. When Zhao learns of it she abuses Fangguan in public and beats her. In chapter 72 the servant wife of Lai Wang wants Caixia as a daughter-in-law, and Caixia asks Zhao for help. Zhao proposes to Jia Zheng that Caixia become Jia Huan's concubine. Jia Zheng does not agree. Someone breaks off their talk and then tells Baoyu. In chapter 75, when shares are collected for Wang Xifeng's birthday, Xifeng wants Concubine Zhou and Concubine Zhao called in to enjoy it. Madam You asks why these two bitter gourds should be dragged in. Ping'er thinks Zhao is muddled, but tells the others not to blame her whenever something happens.[^zhwiki] ## What the article records as judgment Qing commentators mostly call her foolishly vicious, stupidly vicious, or dully vicious. Zhiyan zhai calls her foolishly vicious. Jiang Qi's verse makes her dull in substance and busy spreading slander, counts an undutiful daughter as a piece of luck, and complains that her son is too much like her. Some later researchers keep the condemnation. Others call her a harmed villain inside a marriage of one wife and several concubines, and one of the concubines who shows some resistance. Others, from what the book implies, say her relations with Jia Zheng seem always decent, and that by the Jia rule for taking concubines she must once have been an outstanding slave girl, handsome and capable when young. The article also sets her beside Qingwen by Jia Baoyu's saying that women pass from precious pearl to dead pearl to fish eye. These are judgments. They do not supply another name.[^zhwiki] ## Basic facts - Form of address: Concubine Zhao[^wikidata] - Role: concubine of Jia Zheng, birth mother of Jia Tanchun and Jia Huan[^wikidata][^zhwiki] - Setting recorded on this entry: the dynasty of the novel[^wikidata] - Appears in: [[work_cn_q8265|Dream of the Red Chamber]][^zhwiki] /people/concubine-zhao.html en zh zh en Character in Dream of the Red Chamber true literary character person_cn_q10538897 person lai-shangrong 赖尚荣

Lai Shangrong, in Dream of the Red Chamber, is the son of Lai Da and the grandson of Nanny Lai. Servants and a wet nurse raised him, and he studied for office. At twenty the Jia favor bought him a qualification. At thirty, again through the Jia house, he was selected as a county magistrate. This entry records him as a political figure.

published category-literature category-people category-fictional-characters tag-fictional-character tag-classics tag-four-great-classics wikidata https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10538897 zhwiki https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B5%96%E5%B0%9A%E8%8D%A3 2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00 2026-10-29T17:20:20+08:00 user:admin 7 Lai Shangrong is a character in the novel Dream of the Red Chamber. Wikidata names him Lai Shangrong, so the title stays that name. He is the son of Lai Da and the grandson of Nanny Lai. This entry records him as a political figure, and the story is set in the dynasty of the novel.[^wikidata][^zhwiki] ## The purchased career From childhood, maids, older serving women, and a wet nurse raised him as if he were a phoenix. He studied reading and writing and followed the path of office. At twenty, by the favor of the Jia house, he bought a qualification. At thirty he asked the Jia house again and was selected to go out as a county magistrate.[^zhwiki] ## Basic facts - Name: Lai Shangrong[^wikidata] - Parentage: son of Lai Da, grandson of Nanny Lai[^zhwiki] - Occupation recorded on this entry: political figure[^wikidata] - Setting recorded on this entry: the dynasty of the novel[^wikidata] - Appears in: [[work_cn_q8265|Dream of the Red Chamber]][^zhwiki] /people/lai-shangrong.html en zh zh en Character in Dream of the Red Chamber true literary character notice_subject 交通管理 notice_issuer 北京市人民政府 notice_effective_date 2014-04-11至2015-04-10 notice_issued_date 2014-03-25 notice_document_number 京政发〔2014〕9号 notice_publication_date 2014-04-01 work_beijing_government_notice_72687 work beijing-government-notice-2014-04 beijing-government-notice-72687

京政发〔2014〕9号规定，自2014年4月11日至2015年4月10日实施工作日高峰时段区域限行，明确公务用车停驶日、机动车尾号轮换和免限行车辆。

published category-road-transport official 北京市人民政府 2014-04-01 https://www.beijing.gov.cn/zhengce/zfwj/zfwj/szfwj/201905/t20190523_72687.html 2026-10-27T00:00:00+08:00 2026-10-29T17:20:20+08:00 user:admin 4 ## 通告全文（历史） 京政发〔2014〕9号 为有效降低汽车污染物排放和确保首都交通安全顺畅，市政府决定自2014年4月11日至2015年4月10日，继续实施工作日高峰时段区域限行交通管理措施。现就有关事项通告如下： 一、本市行政区域内的中央国家机关，本市各级党政机关，中央和本市所属的社会团体、事业单位和国有企业的公务用车按车牌尾号每周停驶一天(0时至24时)，范围为本市行政区域内道路。 二、根据《中华人民共和国道路交通安全法》和《北京市大气污染防治条例》有关规定，除上述第一条范围内的机动车外，本市其他机动车实施按车牌尾号工作日高峰时段区域限行交通管理措施，限行时间为7时至20时，范围为五环路以内道路(不含五环路)。 三、按车牌尾号工作日高峰时段区域限行的机动车车牌尾号分为五组，每13周轮换一次限行日。2014年4月11日(星期五)限行机动车车牌尾号为：5和0(含临时号牌，机动车车牌尾号为英文字母的按0号管理，下同)。轮换从2014年4月14日起，具体如下： (一)自2014年4月14日至2014年7月12日，星期一至星期五限行机动车车牌尾号分别为：5和0、1和6、2和7、3和8、4和9； (二)自2014年7月13日至2014年10月11日，星期一至星期五限行机动车车牌尾号分别为：4和9、5和0、1和6、2和7、3和8； (三)自2014年10月12日至2015年1月10日，星期一至星期五限行机动车车牌尾号分别为：3和8、4和9、5和0、1和6、2和7； (四)自2015年1月11日至2015年4月10日，星期一至星期五限行机动车车牌尾号分别为：2和7、3和8、4和9、5和0、1和6。 四、非本市进京机动车的交通管理，按照北京市交通委员会、北京市环境保护局、北京市公安局公安交通管理局有关规定执行。 五、以下机动车不受上述措施限制： (一)警车、消防车、救护车、工程救险车； (二)公共电汽车、省际长途客运车辆及大型客车、出租汽车(不含租赁车辆)、小公共汽车、邮政专用车、持有市交通运输管理部门核发的旅游客车营运证件的车辆，经市公安交通管理部门核定的单位班车和学校校车； (三)车身喷涂统一标识并执行任务的行政执法车辆和清障专用车辆； (四)环卫、园林、道路养护的专项作业车辆，殡仪馆的殡葬车辆； (五)悬挂“使”字头号牌车辆及经批准临时入境的车辆。 特此通告。 北京市人民政府 2014年3月25日 [^official] /works/beijing-government-notice-2014-04.html en zh true zh 2014年 announcement 2014 4 1 day person_cn_q10538486 person jia-rong 贾蓉

Jia Rong, in Dream of the Red Chamber, is Jia Zhen's son. He began as a student of the Imperial Academy. After Qin Keqing died, Jia Zhen spent a thousand taels to buy him the fifth-rank post of dragon-forbidden commandant, and he later married a woman of the Xu family. He helps Wang Xifeng trick Jia Rui and suggests how Jia Lian can secretly marry You Erjie. In chapter 105, when the house is raided, he too is held.

published category-literature category-people category-fictional-characters tag-fictional-character tag-classics tag-four-great-classics wikidata https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10538486 zhwiki https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B4%BE%E8%93%89 2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00 2026-10-29T17:20:18+08:00 user:admin 7 Jia Rong is a character in the novel Dream of the Red Chamber. Wikidata names him Jia Rong. The record also has the familiar form Rong'er, which does not replace the title. He is Jia Zhen's son, with fine features and a slender build. This entry records him as a figure of the novel, and the story is set in the dynasty of the novel. The birthplace field holds only a blank Wikidata node identifier and no readable place name, so it is not written here as a place.[^wikidata][^zhwiki] ## The purchased rank, and the household He helps Wang Xifeng make sport of Jia Rui. He began as a student of the Imperial Academy. After his wife Qin Keqing died, Jia Zhen spent a thousand taels to buy him the fifth-rank post of dragon-forbidden commandant. He later married a woman of the Xu family. When Jia Lian secretly took You Erjie, it was Jia Rong who thought of having Jia Lian marry her in secret and house her outside the mansion. In chapter 105, when the Jia house is raided, he too is held.[^zhwiki] ## Basic facts - Name: Jia Rong[^wikidata] - Father: Jia Zhen[^wikidata] - Setting recorded on this entry: the dynasty of the novel[^wikidata] - Appears in: [[work_cn_q8265|Dream of the Red Chamber]][^zhwiki] /people/jia-rong.html en zh zh en Character in Dream of the Red Chamber true literary character person_cn_q1069286 person xin-pi 辛毗

Xin Pi (died about 235), courtesy name Zuozhi, from Yangzhai in Yingchuan, first followed Yuan Shao with his brother Xin Ping, later joined Cao Cao and became a leading minister of Cao Wei. He was known for blunt remonstrance under both Cao Pi and Cao Rui, and in 234, when Zhuge Liang came out to the south of the Wei River, he served with credentials as army adviser to the general-in-chief and kept Sima Yi from fighting. He was given the posthumous title Marquis Su.

published category-history category-people category-historical-figures tag-ancient-china wikidata https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069286 zhwiki https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BE%9B%E6%AF%97 zhengshi https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%9C%8B%E5%BF%97/%E5%8D%B725 2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00 2026-10-29T17:20:17+08:00 user:admin 7 Xin Pi was a leading minister of Cao Wei. The Records of the Three Kingdoms say his courtesy name was Zuozhi and that he came from Yangzhai in Yingchuan. Wikidata's label is 辛毗, so the title stays as it was. Wikidata records his death in 235, Chinese Wikipedia writes it as 235 with a question mark, and the Records say only that after Zhuge Liang's death he returned to the post of commandant of the guards and then died, being given the posthumous title Marquis Su, without giving a year.[^wikidata][^zhengshi][^zhwiki] ## Origin and joining Cao Cao The Records say his ancestors had moved east from Longxi in the Jianwu years of the Eastern Han and that he followed Yuan Shao with his brother Xin Ping. When Cao Cao was minister of works he called Xin Pi, who could not accept. Later, when Yuan Shang attacked his brother Yuan Tan at Pingyuan, Yuan Tan sent Xin Pi to sue to Cao Cao for peace. Cao Cao was about to campaign against Jing province and was pleased at the message, but a few days later wished to take Jing province first and let the Yuan brothers wear each other down. Xin Pi sensed the change and told Guo Jia, who passed it on to Cao Cao. Cao Cao asked whether Yuan Tan could be trusted and whether Yuan Shang could surely be beaten. Xin Pi replied that it was pointless to ask whether Yuan Tan was honest or deceitful and that only the situation mattered. The Yuan brothers were fighting each other, years of war and then drought, locusts and famine had emptied their granaries, and this was the moment heaven destroyed Yuan Shang, whereas Jing province was rich and had no weakness, and of all the enemies in the four directions Hebei was the greatest, so that to pacify Hebei would strengthen the six armies and shake the realm. Cao Cao said it was good and accepted Yuan Tan's request for peace. The next year he took Ye and recommended Xin Pi as a palace counselor.[^zhengshi][^zhwiki] ## The family's vengeance Chinese Wikipedia adds that Xin Ping's household had been put to death by Shen Pei because Xin Pi had gone over to Cao Cao. When the gates of Ye opened, Xin Pi rushed straight to the prison and found them all killed. When Shen Pei was captured, Xin Pi lashed his head with a horsewhip and the two cursed each other. Cao Cao, moved by Shen Pei's loyalty, wanted to free him, but Xin Pi and others wept and demanded his execution, and Cao Cao agreed.[^zhwiki] ## Under Cao Pi and Cao Rui The Records say that when Cao Cao sent the protector-general Cao Hong to pacify Xiabian he had Xin Pi and Cao Xiu take part, saying that in the past the high emperor loved wealth and women and Zhang Liang and Chen Ping corrected his faults, and that now the duty of Xin Pi and Cao Xiu was not light. After the army returned Xin Pi became senior clerk to the chancellor. Under Emperor Wen he became palace attendant and Marquis within the Passes. When the court discussed changing the calendar, he argued that the house of Wei followed the line of Shun and Yu and answered heaven and the people, and that only Tang and Wu, who won by war, had needed to change the calendar, and the emperor agreed. He served as army adviser to Cao Zhen against Zhu Ran at Jiangling and was enfeoffed Marquis of Guangping Pavilion. Under Emperor Ming he was advanced to Marquis of Yingxiang with three hundred households.[^zhengshi] ## Frank remonstrance The Records tell that Emperor Wen wished to move a hundred thousand warrior families of Ji province to Henan. Locusts and hunger afflicted the people, all the officials thought it wrong, and the emperor was very set on it. Xin Pi and the other officials asked for an audience, and the emperor, knowing they would remonstrate, put on a stern face and none dared speak. Xin Pi asked what his plan for moving them was, and said he spoke not from private interest but out of concern for the state. When the emperor rose to leave he followed and caught his robe, and the emperor said, "Zuozhi, why do you press me so hard?" Xin Pi said the move would lose the people's hearts and there would be nothing to feed them. The emperor moved half. Another time, hunting pheasant with the emperor, who said it was a joy, Xin Pi said it was a joy for His Majesty and a hardship for the others, and the emperor fell silent and went out hunting less. When the emperor wished to launch a great campaign against Wu, he advised first nurturing the people and settling soldiers on farms for ten years, but the emperor attacked Wu anyway and turned back at the river.[^zhengshi][^zhwiki] ## Refusing to flatter the powerful Under Emperor Ming, the director of the secretariat Liu Fang and its chief Sun Zi were trusted, and all the great ministers befriended them, but Xin Pi did not. His son Xin Chang urged him to soften, and Xin Pi replied sternly that he had his own principles, that disagreement with Liu and Sun would at most keep him from being one of the three highest ministers, and that a man could not ruin his integrity to become one. When Bi Gui recommended him to replace Wang Si as senior secretary, Liu Fang and Sun Zi told the emperor that Xin Pi was upright but stiff and willful, and the emperor did not use him and sent him out as commandant of the guards. He also petitioned against the emperor's palace building when the people were worn out, and objected to levelling Mount Beimang to build a terrace.[^zhengshi] ## The second year of Qinglong and his death In 234, when Zhuge Liang led his army out to the south of the Wei River, the general-in-chief Sima Yi repeatedly asked to fight, and Emperor Ming never allowed it. Fearing Sima Yi could not be held back, the emperor made Xin Pi army adviser to the general-in-chief with credentials, and the six armies became orderly and obeyed his command, none daring to disobey. After Zhuge Liang died he returned to be commandant of the guards. After his death he was given the posthumous title Marquis Su and his son Xin Chang inherited the title. The Records give no year for his death.[^zhengshi] ## Family and judgment Chinese Wikipedia says his brother was Xin Ping, his daughter Xin Xianying married the minister of ceremonies Yang Dan, and his son Xin Chang inherited the Marquis of Duxiang title and rose to commandant of the guards. When Cao Pi was made heir he lost his composure with joy and hugged Xin Pi's neck, asking whether he knew how happy he was, and Xin Pi told his daughter, who sighed that the heir takes the place of the sovereign in the ancestral temple and the state and should feel anxiety, not joy, at such a time, and that it could not last. The article cites Chen Shou's verdict that Xin Pi and Yang Fu were firm, bright, public-spirited and straight, and that their upright remonstrance came close to the high character of Ji An.[^zhengshi][^zhwiki] ## Basic facts - Name: Xin Pi, courtesy name Zuozhi[^zhengshi] - Origin: Yangzhai in Yingchuan[^zhengshi] - Died: about 235[^wikidata][^zhwiki] - Posthumous title: Marquis Su[^zhengshi] - Family: brother Xin Ping, son Xin Chang, daughter Xin Xianying[^wikidata][^zhwiki] - Dynasty or state: Cao Wei[^wikidata] - Birthplace: [[place_cn_411081|Yuzhou]][^wikidata] - Portrayal: [[person_cn_q124049062|辛毗]] (character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms) /people/xin-pi.html en zh zh en 235 235 historical figure person_cn_q10538513 person jia-qiang 贾蔷

Jia Qiang, in Dream of the Red Chamber, is a legitimate great-great-grandson of the Ningguo house. His parents died early and he grew up with Jia Zhen. He attends school in name only. He later manages the family troupe and loves Lingguan. A commentary hints that they marry and that he helps the Jia house after its fall.

published category-literature category-people category-fictional-characters tag-fictional-character tag-classics tag-four-great-classics wikidata https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10538513 zhwiki https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B4%BE%E8%94%B7 2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00 2026-10-29T17:20:16+08:00 user:admin 7 Jia Qiang is a character in the novel Dream of the Red Chamber. Wikidata names him Jia Qiang. The record also has the forms Qiang'er, Master Qiang, Second Master Qiang, and Brother Qiang. None of them replaces the title. The article calls him a legitimate great-great-grandson of the Ningguo house and infers that his great-grandfather should be a younger brother of Jia Daihua. That is the article's own inference. He is handsome. This entry records him as a figure of the novel, and the story is set in the dynasty of the novel.[^wikidata][^zhwiki] ## In the Ning house His parents died early, and he grew up with Jia Zhen. Jia Zhen spoiled him from above, and Jia Rong helped him from below. Every day he answered the roll at school only to cover appearances. He still fought cocks, ran dogs, and looked at flowers, and he grew more arrogant. He later became manager of the Jia family troupe, fell in love with Lingguan, and spent his days trying to please her. She was devoted to him as well.[^zhwiki] ## What the commentary suggests The Zhiyan zhai notes suggest that Jia Qiang and Lingguan eventually become a couple and that he helps the Jia house after its fall. The article does not present this as a scene already written in the main text.[^zhwiki] ## Basic facts - Name: Jia Qiang[^wikidata] - Description: a character in Dream of the Red Chamber[^wikidata] - Setting recorded on this entry: the dynasty of the novel[^wikidata] - Appears in: [[work_cn_q8265|Dream of the Red Chamber]][^zhwiki] /people/jia-qiang.html en zh zh en Character in Dream of the Red Chamber true literary character person_cn_q1057244 person zhou-shan 周善

Zhou Shan is a fictional character invented for Romance of the Three Kingdoms, with no historical counterpart. In the novel he is a household general of Sun Quan, sent to Jingzhou to bring Lady Sun back to Wu, and he is killed by Zhang Fei when the party is intercepted in chapter 61.

published category-literature category-people category-fictional-characters tag-fictional-character tag-classics tag-four-great-classics wikidata https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1057244 zhwiki https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E5%96%84 2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00 2026-10-29T17:20:11+08:00 user:admin 7 Zhou Shan is an invented character of Romance of the Three Kingdoms, and Chinese Wikipedia states plainly that no such person existed in history. Wikidata and Chinese Wikipedia both name him Zhou Shan, so the title is unchanged.[^wikidata][^zhwiki] ## In the novel According to the Chinese Wikipedia article, he followed Sun Ce from childhood and, after Sun Ce's death, followed Sun Quan as one of his household generals. When Liu Bei entered western Shu, Zhou Shan was ordered to Jingzhou to bring Lady Sun, Sun Shangxiang, back to Wu. On the way he was intercepted by Zhang Fei and Zhao Yun and killed by Zhang Fei. The article cites chapter 61 of the novel, in which Zhao Yun cuts off the river crossing to recover Adou and Sun Quan sends a letter to turn back Cao Cao.[^zhwiki] ## What Wikidata records Wikidata lists his occupation as military officer, his allegiance as the Sun Quan of the novel, his manner of death as homicide, his killer as the Zhang Fei of the novel, his place of death as the novel's Jingzhou, and the setting as the novel's country of Han.[^wikidata] ## Basic facts - Name: Zhou Shan[^wikidata] - Role: fictional character, subordinate general of Sun Quan[^wikidata][^zhwiki] - Manner of death: killed by Zhang Fei[^wikidata][^zhwiki] - Setting recorded on this entry: Han[^wikidata] - Appears in: [[work_cn_q70806|The Romance of the Three Kingdoms]] /people/zhou-shan.html en zh zh en Character in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms true literary character person_cn_q10538467 person jia-jun 贾菌

Jia Jun, in Dream of the Red Chamber, is a great-great-grandson of the near branch of the Rongguo house and the son of Madam Lou. His father died early. At the family school he is closest to Jia Lan. In the school fight he helps Mingyan. He attends Qin Keqing's funeral in chapter 13, and nothing further is told.

published category-literature category-people category-fictional-characters tag-fictional-character tag-classics tag-four-great-classics wikidata https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10538467 zhwiki https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B4%BE%E8%8F%8C 2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00 2026-10-29T17:20:08+08:00 user:admin 7 Jia Jun is a character in the novel Dream of the Red Chamber. Wikidata names him Jia Jun, so the title stays that name. He is a great-great-grandson of the near branch of the Rongguo house and the son of Madam Lou. This entry records him as a figure of the novel, and the story is set in the dynasty of the novel.[^wikidata][^zhwiki] ## The family school His father died early, and he and his mother depended on each other. At the family school he is closest to Jia Lan. Though young, he has large ambitions and is mischievous and unafraid of people. In the fight at the school he helps Mingyan and joins in. In chapter 13 he attends Qin Keqing's funeral. The article says nothing further follows.[^zhwiki] ## Basic facts - Name: Jia Jun[^wikidata] - Mother: Madam Lou[^zhwiki] - Setting recorded on this entry: the dynasty of the novel[^wikidata] - Appears in: [[work_cn_q8265|Dream of the Red Chamber]][^zhwiki] /people/jia-jun.html en zh zh en Character in Dream of the Red Chamber true literary character person_cn_q1069276 person wang-lei 王累

Wang Lei (died 211), from Xindu county in Guanghan commandery, Yi province, was a staff officer under Liu Zhang, governor of Yi province, at the end of the Eastern Han. When Liu Zhang, on Zhang Song's advice, decided to welcome Liu Bei into Shu, Wang Lei hung himself upside down at the city gate to dissuade him, and when Liu Zhang would not listen he ended his own life; Wikidata records the manner of death as suicide.

published category-history category-people category-historical-figures tag-ancient-china wikidata https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069276 zhwiki https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E7%B4%AF 2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00 2026-10-29T17:20:07+08:00 user:admin 7 Wang Lei was a staff officer under Liu Zhang, governor of Yi province, at the end of the Eastern Han, from Xindu county in Guanghan commandery, Yi province. Wikidata's Chinese label is 王累, and the Chinese Wikipedia article is also under 王累, so the title is unchanged. Wikidata records his death in 211 and the manner of death as suicide, and lists Wong Lui as an English alias.[^wikidata][^zhwiki] ## In the histories Chinese Wikipedia says that the histories record little about him, mentioning him only in the Book of the Later Han, the Records of the Three Kingdoms and the Chronicles of Huayang. In all of them the setting is that Liu Zhang, on the advice of his assistant Zhang Song, made an alliance with Liu Bei against Zhang Lu. Wang Lei then hung himself upside down from the city gate by a rope to urge Liu Zhang not to welcome Liu Bei into Shu. Liu Zhang would not listen, and Wang Lei cut his own throat at the gate.[^zhwiki] ## In Romance of the Three Kingdoms The article says that the novel's account is broadly the same as the history, except for the manner of his death after Liu Zhang rejects his plea, which changes from cutting his throat to cutting the rope himself and falling to his death.[^zhwiki] ## Scope of the sources The two sources behind this entry contain only this episode, with no information on his family or his birth year beyond what is shown above, so nothing more is said here.[^wikidata][^zhwiki] ## Basic facts - Name: Wang Lei[^wikidata] - Origin: Xindu county, Guanghan commandery, Yi province[^zhwiki] - Office: staff officer under Liu Zhang, governor of Yi province[^zhwiki] - Died: 211[^wikidata][^zhwiki] - Manner of death: suicide[^wikidata][^zhwiki] - Portrayal: [[person_cn_q124334642|王累]] (character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms) /people/wang-lei.html en zh zh en 211 211 historical figure person_cn_q1068930 person xu-gong 许贡

Xu Gong (died about 197) was a late Han official who served as commandant and then governor of Wu commandery. After Sun Ce defeated him he petitioned the court to summon Sun Ce to the capital, the petition was intercepted, and Sun Ce had him strangled. Wikidata records his death year as 200, while Chinese Wikipedia argues it was no later than 197; his retainers later wounded Sun Ce in revenge.

published category-history category-people category-historical-figures tag-ancient-china wikidata https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1068930 zhwiki https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A8%B1%E8%B2%A2 2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00 2026-10-29T17:20:06+08:00 user:admin 7 Xu Gong was an official of Wu commandery at the end of the Eastern Han. Wikidata's Chinese label is 許貢, written 许贡 in simplified characters, and the Chinese Wikipedia article is also under 許貢, so the title is unchanged. Wikidata gives his manner of death as capital punishment and his death year as 200, while Chinese Wikipedia dates his life as unknown to about 197. The two do not agree and are set out side by side below.[^wikidata][^zhwiki] ## Offices in Wu commandery Chinese Wikipedia says that in the Chuping years, 190 to 193, he served as commandant of Wu commandery and was a friend of the noted scholar Xu Jing, who had fled Dong Zhuo's disorder to Jiangdong and was sheltered by Xu Gong and others. His superior was the governor of Wu, Sheng Xian of Kuaiji. When Yuan Shu's forces entered Yang province, the Zhou brothers of Kuaiji were defeated by Yuan Shu, and one of them, Zhou Yong, was killed by Xu Gong on the road home to Kuaiji. Around 194, Sheng Xian left office because of illness and Xu Gong became governor, while Zhu Zhi, an old subordinate of Sun Jian, became commandant. After taking up the post Xu Gong tried to persecute his predecessor Sheng Xian. The noted Wu man Gao Dai helped Sheng Xian hide in the house of Xu Gong's subordinate Xu Zhao, so Xu Gong seized Gao Dai's mother to lure him out and harm him, and Gao Dai escaped with the help of friends.[^zhwiki] ## Defeat by Sun Ce The article says that in 195 Sun Ce used the pretext of striking at Liu Yao, who held Jiangdong against Yuan Shu, to break away from Yuan Shu, defeated Liu Yao and pacified Danyang and Wu. After Xu Gong was beaten at Youquan, he went to the mountain bandit chief Yan Baihu, who held Wucheng. Yan Baihu was soon beaten by Sun Ce too and went to Xu Zhao at Yuhang, and Xu Gong could not go with him. Sun Ce said that Xu Zhao was loyal to his old lord and sincere to a former friend, which was the resolve of a man, and so did not wipe him out.[^zhwiki] ## The petition and his death After losing power Xu Gong still looked for a chance to retake Wu commandery. He sent a memorial to the court saying Sun Ce was fierce and valiant like Xiang Yu, should be given honors and summoned to the capital, and that if left outside he would surely become a long-term danger. The memorial was intercepted by Sun Ce's watchers, and Sun Ce summoned him for questioning. Xu Gong denied having written it, and Sun Ce ordered his guards to strangle him. The article notes that since the court had already appointed Chen Yu as the new governor of Wu in the summer of 197, Xu Gong's death cannot have been later than 197.[^zhwiki] ## Afterwards In 200, because he had killed Xu Gong, Sun Ce was attacked by three of Xu Gong's retainers, including Xu Zhao, and died of his wounds. The article also describes how, when Sun Ce was hunting, three men claiming to be soldiers of Han Dang appeared. Sun Ce shot one of them, the other two shot him in the cheek, and his soldiers then arrived and killed all three retainers. It adds that the manga Huofeng Liaoyuan makes him a subordinate and disciple of Yu Ji.[^zhwiki] ## Basic facts - Name: Xu Gong (許貢)[^wikidata] - Offices: commandant and governor of Wu commandery[^zhwiki] - Died: 200 in Wikidata; about 197, no later than the second year of Jian'an, in Chinese Wikipedia[^wikidata][^zhwiki] - Manner of death: strangled by order of Sun Ce (capital punishment in Wikidata)[^wikidata][^zhwiki] - Portrayal: [[person_cn_q124023604|许贡]] (character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms) /people/xu-gong.html en zh zh en 200 200 historical figure person_cn_q1068940 person yan-yu 严舆

Yan Yu (died 196) was from Wucheng in Wu commandery at the end of the Eastern Han, a younger brother of the bandit chief Yan Baihu and reputedly a man of great strength. When Sun Ce attacked Yan Baihu, Yan Yu went to Sun Ce's camp to sue for peace and was killed on the spot with a hand-halberd.

published category-history category-people category-historical-figures tag-ancient-china wikidata https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1068940 zhwiki https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9A%B4%E8%BC%BF 2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00 2026-10-29T17:20:05+08:00 user:admin 7 Yan Yu was a man of Wucheng county in Wu commandery at the end of the Eastern Han and a younger brother of the bandit chief Yan Baihu. Wikidata's Chinese label is 嚴輿, written 严舆 in simplified characters, and the Chinese Wikipedia article is also under 嚴輿, so the title is unchanged. Wikidata records his death in 196 and lists Yan Baihu as his sibling, and the opening of the Chinese Wikipedia article dates his life from the second century to 196.[^wikidata][^zhwiki] ## Killed by Sun Ce Chinese Wikipedia says that Yan Yu was strong and agile and was said to be able to leap up from a seated position. When Sun Ce attacked Yan Baihu, Yan Yu went at his brother's order to Sun Ce's camp to sue for peace. At their meeting Sun Ce struck the mat with a sharp blade and Yan Yu flinched. Sun Ce laughed and said he had heard Yan Yu could leap from a seat and was nimble and was only joking. Yan Yu answered that the sight of a weapon always made him do that. Hearing this, Sun Ce knew that he was in fact a poor fighter and immediately killed him with a hand-halberd. Yan Baihu and the others were terrified when they heard that Yan Yu, famed for his strength, had been killed. The article credits this account to the Wu Lu quoted in the commentary to the Biography of Sun Ce in the Records of the Three Kingdoms.[^zhwiki] ## In the novel The article also records that in Romance of the Three Kingdoms he first appears ordered by his brother Yan Baihu to resist Sun Ce and is driven back by Jiang Qin and Chen Wu. Later, in a negotiation over wine with Sun Ce, he is asked what Yan Baihu intends and answers that his brother demands to share Jiangdong equally. Sun Ce angrily says that a rat dares to treat him as an equal and orders him killed. Yan Yu stands up and draws his sword, and Sun Ce kills him with a thrown sword and has his head sent into the city. The article cites chapter 15 of the novel.[^zhwiki] ## Basic facts - Name: Yan Yu (嚴輿)[^wikidata] - Origin: Wucheng county, Wu commandery[^zhwiki] - Brother: Yan Baihu[^wikidata][^zhwiki] - Died: 196[^wikidata][^zhwiki] - Portrayal: [[person_cn_q123785355|严舆]] (character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms) /people/yan-yu.html en zh zh en 196 196 historical figure person_cn_q1068338 person wang-jun 王濬

Wang Jun (206–286), courtesy name Shizhi and childhood name Atong, from Hu county in Hongnong, was a general of the Western Jin. As governor of Yi province he built ships for the invasion of Wu, was named General of the Dragon Charge in 279, sailed down the Yangtze and broke the iron chains, and received Sun Hao's surrender; afterwards he quarrelled with Wang Hun over credit and was repeatedly shielded by Emperor Wu of Jin. He was given the posthumous title Marquis Wu.

published category-history category-people category-historical-figures tag-ancient-china wikidata https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1068338 zhwiki https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E6%BF%AC zhengshi https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%99%89%E6%9B%B8/%E5%8D%B7042 2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00 2026-10-29T17:20:02+08:00 user:admin 7 Wang Jun was a general of the Western Jin. The Book of Jin says that his courtesy name was Shizhi and that he came from Hu county in Hongnong, and Chinese Wikipedia adds that his childhood name was Atong. Wikidata's label is 王濬, so the title is unchanged. Wikidata gives his life as 206 to 286 and the posthumous name as Wu.[^wikidata][^zhengshi][^zhwiki] ## Youth and early career The Book of Jin says that his family had held posts at the two-thousand-bushel rank for generations, that he read the old classics and was handsome, but that he did not cultivate his reputation and was not praised in his village, and that only late did his manner change, becoming open and far-sighted and filled with large ambition. Once he built a house and opened the road in front of the gate dozens of paces wide. When people said this was excessive, he answered that he wanted it to hold long halberds and banners, and when they all laughed he said that, as Chen Sheng had said, swallows and sparrows cannot know the aims of swans. The province called him as a clerk of Hedong, and corrupt local officials left of their own accord. Chinese Wikipedia adds that the governor Xu Miao's daughter was talented and unmarried, and Xu Miao had his subordinates gather while she watched in secret, and she chose Wang Jun, whom he then married to her. Yang Ji, brother of Yang Hu, judged that Wang Jun had large aims but extravagant habits and should not be given sole charge, while Yang Hu held that he had great ability and would be useful in carrying out his own aims.[^zhengshi][^zhwiki] ## Governing Ba and Yi He later became a senior clerk to the general of chariots and cavalry, then governor of Ba commandery, which bordered Wu. Labor service in Shu was so heavy that many families did not even raise their newborn sons, and Wang Jun, moved by this, tightened the regulations and lightened the burdens so that those who bore children could recover. The article says that several thousand children were saved. He then moved to be governor of Guanghan and gave generous governance there. He once dreamed of three knives hung on the beam of his bedroom, and soon a fourth was added. His chief secretary Li Yi interpreted it: three knives make the character for province, and one more on the beam means addition to Liang, that is, he would be shepherd of Yi province. When the rebel Zhang Hong killed Huangfu Yan, the inspector of Yi province, the court appointed Wang Jun inspector there. He killed Zhang Hong and others by strategy, was enfeoffed as Marquis within the Passes, and drew many peoples from beyond the frontier to submit. Yang Hu thought him a man of rare strategy and secretly petitioned to keep him in Yi province.[^zhengshi][^zhwiki] ## The conquest of Wu The article says that Yang Hu, Du Yu, Zhang Hua and others urged an attack on Wu and Emperor Wu of Jin agreed, so Wang Jun was ordered to build many ships in Yi province, which took nearly ten years. In the fourth month of 279, when court officials were opposed and the emperor hesitated, Wang Jun, then nearly seventy, wrote asking to march. He said Sun Hao was dissolute and cruel, all the wise and foolish of Jing and Yang lamented, and the ships in Yi had begun to rot, so that if the attack were delayed until Wu had a wise ruler or he himself had died, Wu would no longer be easy to take. The emperor agreed and made him General of the Dragon Charge to advance down the Yangtze. The children he had saved in Ba were now grown and had become his trusted troops. He broke through the iron chains on the river and took Xiling, Xiakou and Wuchang one after another, and reached Jianye, where Sun Hao came out and surrendered.[^zhwiki] ## The quarrel with Wang Hun The article says Wang Jun was supposed to be under the command of Wang Hun, whose army had already taken Moling but did not dare advance and told him to wait. Wang Jun, citing high wind on the river that prevented mooring, set out anyway, forced Sun Hao to surrender and won the chief credit. Wang Hun accused him of disobeying orders, and the authorities wished to imprison him. Emperor Wu did not agree but issued a rebuke. Wang Jun answered that the emperor's own edict had put the commanders under Jia Chong, not also under Wang Hun, and when Wang Hun accused him of taking treasures of the Wu palace, he defended himself again. Back at the capital, the officials charged him with great disrespect and, separately, with burning more than three hundred captured Wu ships without approval, and the emperor stopped both. He made Wang Jun General Who Assists the State with the post of colonel of the infantry, enfeoffed him Marquis of Xiangyang with ten thousand households, made his youngest son Wang Yi a village-pavilion marquis, and gave ten thousand rolls of silk and other rewards. The article says that whenever Wang Jun saw the emperor he could not stop recounting his achievements and grievances and sometimes left in anger without taking leave, and that the emperor, generous by nature, forgave him each time. His relative Fan Tong advised him never again to mention the conquest of Wu, and if anyone did, to say that it was owed to the emperor's virtue and the efforts of the generals. He did so, and the court came to see him as under-rewarded. The scholar Qin Xiu and others petitioned for him, and the emperor promoted him to General Who Guards the Army with the office of attendant-in-ordinary and commander of the rear army.[^zhwiki] ## Death In 285 he was given the rank of Specially Advanced with the rights of a minister of the three offices, and on the gengzi day of the twelfth month, 28 January 286, he died, was buried at Baigu Mountain, was given the posthumous title Marquis Wu, and was said to be eighty. His son Wang Ju inherited the title. In the chaos after Emperor Huai's reign only two grandsons fled south into the Eastern Jin, and the family register was lost. Huan Wen later petitioned for his descendants to be sought out, but both grandsons were past sixty and died before they were employed.[^zhwiki] ## Judgments The article quotes Yang Hu, that he had great ability and would be useful; Yang Ji, that his ambition was large and his luxury unrestrained so that he should not be given sole charge; Fan Tong, that his merit was fine but the way he held it was not fully good; and Fang Xuanling, that of the two Wangs, Wang Hun had harmed the good and Wang Jun had boasted of his merit.[^zhwiki] ## Basic facts - Name: Wang Jun, courtesy name Shizhi, childhood name Atong[^zhengshi][^zhwiki] - Origin: Hu county in Hongnong[^zhengshi] - Life: 206 to 286[^wikidata] - Offices: governor of Yi province, General of the Dragon Charge, and others[^zhwiki] - Posthumous name: Wu[^wikidata] - Dynasty or state: Western Jin[^wikidata] - Birthplace: [[place_cn_411282|Lingbao]][^wikidata] - Portrayal: [[person_cn_q124737015|王濬]] (character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms) /people/wang-jun.html en zh zh en 206 206 286 286 historical figure person_cn_q1067200 person xu-zhi 徐质

Xu Zhi (died 254) was a general of late Cao Wei. In 254, after the magistrate of Dao, Li Jian, surrendered his city to Shu Han, Xu Zhi engaged the Shu Han army, and he was beheaded in the fighting with Jiang Wei at Xiangwu.

published category-history category-people category-historical-figures tag-ancient-china wikidata https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1067200 zhwiki https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BE%90%E8%B3%AA 2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00 2026-10-29T17:20:00+08:00 user:admin 7 Xu Zhi was a general of late Cao Wei in the Three Kingdoms period. Wikidata's Chinese label is 徐質, written 徐质 in simplified characters, and the Chinese Wikipedia article is also under 徐質, so the title is unchanged. Wikidata describes him as a military leader of Cao Wei and records his death in 254. The sources support little more, so only what is available is told below.[^wikidata][^zhwiki] ## The campaign of 254 Chinese Wikipedia says that in the first year of Zhengyuan, 254, Li Jian, the magistrate of Dao in Cao Wei, surrendered the city to Shu Han and led its officials and people out to welcome the Shu Han army. The Wei general Xu Zhi, who was at the front, met the Shu Han forces, and the article records that the Shu Han general Zhang Ni was killed in the battle and the Han troops then withdrew. Jiang Wei afterwards advanced and besieged Xiangwu and fought Xu Zhi again, and Xu Zhi was beheaded and the Wei army retreated. The article leaves its source section empty and names no specific record, so these events are told only as the article gives them.[^zhwiki] ## Basic facts - Name: Xu Zhi (徐質)[^wikidata] - Role: Cao Wei general, military leader[^wikidata][^zhwiki] - Died: 254[^wikidata] - Dynasty or state: Cao Wei[^wikidata] - Portrayal: [[person_cn_q124633883|徐质]] (character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms) /people/xu-zhi.html en zh zh en 254 254 historical figure person_cn_q1068320 person kuai-liang 蒯良

Kuai Liang, courtesy name Zirou, from Zhonglu in Xiangyang, Nan commandery in Jing province, was an important adviser to Liu Biao, governor of Jing province, at the end of the Eastern Han. Liu Biao praised his advice to calm the people through benevolence and righteousness as the argument of Yong Ji. His death is placed in 192 by Wikidata and before about 208 by Chinese Wikipedia.

published category-history category-people category-historical-figures tag-ancient-china wikidata https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1068320 zhwiki https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%92%AF%E8%89%AF 2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00 2026-10-29T17:20:00+08:00 user:admin 7 Kuai Liang, courtesy name Zirou, came from Zhonglu in Xiangyang, Nan commandery of Jing province, at the end of the Eastern Han. He was an important adviser to Liu Biao, governor of Jing province, and is named together with Kuai Yue. Wikidata's label and the Chinese Wikipedia article both give the name as 蒯良, with the courtesy name Zirou, so the title is unchanged.[^wikidata][^zhwiki] ## The argument of Yong Ji Chinese Wikipedia says that in 190, when Liu Biao arrived to take over as governor of Jing province, he was worried about how to calm the unrest and consulted Kuai Liang and Kuai Yue at Yicheng. He said that powerful clan bandits were rampant, the people did not rally to him, Yuan Shu was stirring in Nanyang, and he wanted to raise troops but feared the people would refuse. Kuai Liang answered first. People do not rally because officials lack benevolence, he said, and they rally yet do not prosper because officials lack righteousness. If benevolence and righteousness go together, the people will come like water flowing downhill, so why worry or ask about conscription. Kuai Yue disagreed, holding that benevolence and righteousness suit peaceful times while troubled times need stratagems. Liu Biao liked Kuai Yue's plan very much and called it the scheme of Jiu Fan, but he also praised Kuai Liang's advice as the argument of Yong Ji, and made him chief secretary. The article notes that after Jing province was pacified, Kuai Liang's name no longer appears in the Records of the Three Kingdoms.[^zhwiki] ## Dispute over his life and death Wikidata records his death in 192. Chinese Wikipedia says that because Kuai Liang's name is absent from the list of officials who surrendered when Cao Cao took over Jing province, later historians hold that he died before about 208, and its opening line gives his dates as unknown. On the other hand, the Shishuo Xinyu, quoting the Jin Yangqiu in a note, says that Kuai Liang once served as minister of personnel and had a son, Kuai Jun, whose daughter married Sun Xiu, a grand-nephew of Sun Quan. The article suggests that he might have answered Cao Cao's summons in the Han court's name early and served as the minister of personnel in the imperial secretariat, or that the histories simply lack the record. These accounts do not agree and the sources give no verdict, so they are set out side by side. Wikidata also records his son as Kuai Jun.[^wikidata][^zhwiki] ## In the novel In Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Kuai Liang is the elder brother of Kuai Yue, and in the battle of Xianshan between Sun Jian and Liu Biao he helps Liu Biao turn the defeat into a victory. He advises Huang Zu and Lu Gong to feign a retreat to Xianshan and set an ambush there, and the plan works, with Huang Zu shooting Sun Jian dead and the crisis of Liu Biao's new regime ended. In chapter 34 Kuai Yue mentions that Kuai Liang was skilled at judging horses and had died before the twelfth year of Jian'an, 207.[^zhwiki] ## Anecdote The article cites the Fuzi, which says that Kuai Yue was a descendant of Kuai Tong, a persuader of the early Western Han, and by the same reasoning Kuai Liang would be one also.[^zhwiki] ## Basic facts - Name: Kuai Liang, courtesy name Zirou[^wikidata][^zhwiki] - Origin: Zhonglu in Xiangyang, Nan commandery, Jing province[^zhwiki] - Died: 192 (Wikidata); another view puts it before about 208[^wikidata][^zhwiki] - Family: Kuai Yue (his younger brother in the novel), son Kuai Jun[^wikidata][^zhwiki] - Birthplace: Nan Commandery[^wikidata] - Portrayal: [[person_cn_q123670521|蒯良]] (character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms) /people/kuai-liang.html en zh zh en 192 192 historical figure person_cn_q1066825 person xi-zheng 郤正

Xi Zheng (died 278), courtesy name Lingxian, from Yanshi in Henan and originally named Zuan, was a Shu Han official who rose to director of the secretariat and was known for his writing. He drafted the letter of surrender when Shu fell, left his family to accompany Liu Shan to Luoyang, served the Jin as magistrate of Anyang and governor of Baxi, and died in 278.

published category-history category-people category-historical-figures tag-ancient-china wikidata https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1066825 zhwiki https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%83%A4%E6%AD%A3 zhengshi https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%9C%8B%E5%BF%97/%E5%8D%B742 2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00 2026-10-29T17:19:55+08:00 user:admin 7 Xi Zheng was an official of Shu Han known for his writing. The Records of the Three Kingdoms say that his courtesy name was Lingxian, that he came from Yanshi in Henan, and that his original name was Zuan, later changed to Zheng. Wikidata's label is the same, so the title stays as it was. Wikidata records his death in 278.[^wikidata][^zhengshi][^zhwiki] ## Family and youth The Records say his grandfather Xi Jian was governor of Yi province at the end of Emperor Ling's reign and was killed by bandits, and in the chaos his father Xi Yi stayed in Shu. Xi Yi served under the general Meng Da, surrendered to Wei with him and became a clerk of the secretariat. Xi Zheng lost his father young and his mother remarried, so he stood alone, but he was content in poverty, loved study and read widely in the classics. At twenty he could write well, entered the court as a secretariat clerk, moved up to clerk, then to gentleman, and finally to director.[^zhengshi][^zhwiki] ## Detachment and writings He cared little for honors and especially loved literature. He sought out and read nearly everything from the surviving writings of Sima Xiangru, Wang Bao, Yang Xiong, Ban Gu, Fu Yi, Zhang Heng and Cai Yong to the fine books and discussions of his own day that existed in Yi province. He held an inner post and lived next door to the eunuch Huang Hao for thirty years, during which Huang Hao rose from lowly to powerful and abused his authority. Xi Zheng was neither loved nor hated by Huang Hao, and so he never rose above a rank of 600 bushels but escaped trouble. Following the old scholars and borrowing others' phrases to say what he meant, he wrote the Explaining the Reproach, to follow Cui Yin's Reaching the Purpose. The Records say his poems, essays and rhapsodies came to nearly a hundred pieces.[^zhengshi][^zhwiki] ## The letter of surrender In 263, Liu Shan followed Qiao Zhou's plan and sent envoys to surrender to Deng Ai, and the letter was written by Xi Zheng. In the first month of the following year Zhong Hui rebelled in Chengdu and Liu Shan was moved east to Luoyang in confusion. None of the great ministers of Shu were willing to go with him except Xi Zheng and the palace commandant Zhang Tong of Runan, who left their families and went alone. Liu Shan, guided correctly by Xi Zheng, made no mistakes in his conduct and sighed that he regretted knowing Xi Zheng so late, and contemporaries approved of Xi Zheng. He was enfeoffed as Marquis within the Passes.[^zhengshi][^zhwiki] ## Under the Jin In the Taishi era he became magistrate of Anyang and was then promoted to governor of Baxi. The edict of 272 praised him for having kept to duty in the troubled days in Chengdu, not departing from loyalty, and, once employed, for working with all his heart and showing a record of good governance, and named him governor of Baxi. He died in 278. Chen Shou's verdict is that Xi Zheng's writing is brilliant, with the manner of Zhang Heng and Cai Yong, that his conduct is worth emulating, and that he and Qiao Zhou had little to do in the Jin and much in Shu, so they were placed in the Shu volumes.[^zhengshi] ## Happy and not thinking of Shu Chinese Wikipedia also records a story. After Liu Shan came to Luoyang, Sima Zhao gave a banquet at which the old Shu ministers wept, but Liu Shan was unmoved and said, "I am happy here and do not think of Shu." Xi Zheng told him, while he was out of the hall, that if asked again he should close his eyes for a moment and then say earnestly, "My ancestors' graves are far away in Shu and not a day passes without my thinking of them." Liu Shan repeated this and Sima Zhao replied that it sounded like something Xi Zheng would say. Liu Shan was astonished, Sima Zhao and his attendants laughed, and he ceased to suspect him. This is the origin of the idiom about being happy and not thinking of Shu. The story does not appear in the biography in the Records of the Three Kingdoms summarized above, and the article gives it only as a tale.[^zhwiki] ## Basic facts - Name: Xi Zheng, courtesy name Lingxian, originally named Zuan[^zhengshi] - Origin: Yanshi in Henan[^zhengshi] - Died: 278[^wikidata] - Offices: director of the secretariat in Shu; magistrate of Anyang and governor of Baxi under the Jin[^zhengshi] - Dynasty or state: Shu Han[^wikidata] - Birthplace: [[place_cn_410307|Yanshi District]][^wikidata] - Portrayal: [[person_cn_q124438430|郤正]] (character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms) /people/xi-zheng.html en zh zh en 278 278 historical figure person_cn_q1066842 person ma-tie 马铁

Ma Tie (179–211) was a son of Ma Teng, a brother of Ma Chao and a general of the northwest in the Three Kingdoms period. When Ma Chao rose against Cao Cao, Cao Cao put Ma Teng and his family to death, and Ma Tie died at that time.

published category-history category-people category-historical-figures tag-ancient-china wikidata https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1066842 zhwiki https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E9%90%B5 2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00 2026-10-29T17:19:55+08:00 user:admin 7 Ma Tie was a son of Ma Teng, a general of the northwest in the Three Kingdoms period, and a brother of Ma Chao. Wikidata's Chinese label is 馬鐵, written 马铁 in simplified characters, with the English alias Ma Tit, and the Chinese Wikipedia article is also under 馬鐵, so the title is unchanged. Wikidata gives his birth as 179, his death as 211, and the manner of death as capital punishment.[^wikidata][^zhwiki] ## Family and the move Chinese Wikipedia says that when Cao Cao was made chancellor he wanted to bring Ma Chao to the capital as a subordinate, and Ma Chao did not accept. Cao Cao then summoned Ma Teng to the capital under the title of Commandant of the Guards, and Ma Chao was made General of the Flank and Marquis of Duting. Ma Tie moved with the family to Ye.[^zhwiki] ## Death The article says that in 211 Ma Chao rose in revolt against Cao Cao, and Cao Cao put Ma Teng and his family and brothers to death, and Ma Tie died at that time. The opening line of the same article gives his death year as 212, which does not match the 211 of its body text, while Wikidata records 211. The article lists the Records of the Three Kingdoms as its reference but gives no further detail, so nothing more is told here.[^wikidata][^zhwiki] ## Basic facts - Name: Ma Tie (馬鐵)[^wikidata] - Father: Ma Teng; brother: Ma Chao[^wikidata][^zhwiki] - Life: 179 to 211 (the article's opening line has 212)[^wikidata][^zhwiki] - Manner of death: capital punishment[^wikidata] - Portrayal: [[person_cn_q124326121|马铁]] (character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms) /people/ma-tie.html en zh zh en 179 179 211 211 historical figure person_cn_q1064086 person gong-zhi 巩志

Gong Zhi (鞏志) is a fictional character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms, a staff officer under Jin Xuan, governor of Wuling. When Liu Bei sent Zhang Fei against Wuling, he urged Jin Xuan to surrender and was refused, so he shot Jin Xuan dead, led the people over to Liu Bei, and was later appointed governor of Wuling.

published category-literature category-people category-fictional-characters tag-fictional-character tag-classics tag-four-great-classics wikidata https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1064086 zhwiki https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9E%8F%E5%BF%97 2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00 2026-10-29T17:19:54+08:00 user:admin 11 Gong Zhi is a fictional character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Wikidata's Chinese label is 鞏志, written 巩志 in simplified characters, and the Chinese Wikipedia article is also under 鞏志, so the title is unchanged. Wikidata records his occupation as official and his position as governor, with Wuling of the novel as both his workplace and his residence, and the setting as the novel's country of Han.[^wikidata][^zhwiki] ## In the novel Chinese Wikipedia says that he served as a staff officer under Jin Xuan, governor of Wuling. When Liu Bei sent Zhang Fei to attack Wuling, Gong Zhi urged Jin Xuan to surrender to Liu Bei, and Jin Xuan refused. After Jin Xuan lost to Zhang Fei, Gong Zhi shot him dead with one arrow and went over to Liu Bei with the people, and Liu Bei then appointed him governor of Wuling. The article cites chapter 53 of the novel.[^zhwiki] ## Other works The article adds that in the manga Huofeng Liaoyuan he does not appear in person. Liu Feng only mentions that, when Liu Bei attacked the four commanderies south of the Jing, Gong Zhi killed Jin Xuan, who had made a false surrender to Liu Bei in collusion with Han Xuan, and that he was Zhuge Liang's inside agent.[^zhwiki] ## Basic facts - Name: Gong Zhi (鞏志)[^wikidata] - Role: fictional character, governor of Wuling[^wikidata][^zhwiki] - Occupation: official[^wikidata] - Setting recorded on this entry: Han[^wikidata] - Appears in: [[work_cn_q70806|The Romance of the Three Kingdoms]] /people/gong-zhi.html en zh zh en Character in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms true literary character person_cn_q1045652 person dailai-dongzhu 带来洞主

Dailai Dongzhu is a fictional figure in Romance of the Three Kingdoms, the younger brother of Lady Zhurong, Meng Huo's wife, and a leader of the eight fan. He recommends King Mulu and Wutu Gu, once binds Meng Huo and his wife in a false surrender, and at last submits to Shu Han with them. No personal name is attested, so the title stays.

published category-literature category-people category-fictional-characters tag-fictional-character tag-classics tag-four-great-classics wikidata https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1045652 zhwiki https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B8%B6%E4%BE%86%E6%B4%9E%E4%B8%BB 2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00 2026-10-29T17:19:53+08:00 user:admin 7 Dailai Dongzhu is a fictional character in the novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Wikidata's simplified Chinese label is Dailai Dongzhu, and the English label is Dailai Dongzhu. No separate personal name is given. Dongzhu is a title, so the heading stays as it is. This entry calls him the younger brother of Meng Huo's wife, and the story is set in Shu Han. The article also calls him a descendant, in legend, of Zhurong, the fire spirit.[^wikidata][^zhwiki] ## Around chapter 90 He is the younger brother of Lady Zhurong, Meng Huo's wife, and a leader of the eight fan. After Zhuge Liang released Meng Huo for the fifth time, Meng Huo fled to his home at the Silver Pit Cave. Dailai Dongzhu recommended King Mulu, who drove wild beasts against the Shu army. After Zhuge Liang defeated King Mulu, Dailai Dongzhu bound Meng Huo and his wife, pretended to surrender, and meant to assassinate Zhuge Liang. Zhuge Liang saw through it. That was the sixth capture of Meng Huo. After the sixth release, Dailai Dongzhu recommended Wutu Gu, lord of Wuge, and the rattan-armor army. They were defeated. Dailai Dongzhu then submitted to Shu Han together with Meng Huo and his wife. The article places this in chapter 90.[^zhwiki] ## Basic facts - Title: Dailai Dongzhu[^wikidata] - Description: a fictional character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms, younger brother of Meng Huo's wife[^wikidata] - Setting recorded on this entry: Shu Han[^wikidata] - Appears in: [[work_cn_q70806|Romance of the Three Kingdoms]][^zhwiki] /people/dailai-dongzhu.html en zh zh en Character in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms true literary character person_cn_q1045352 person hu-sanniang 扈三娘

Hu Sanniang, in Water Margin, is the daughter of the Hu manor lord. Her nickname is Yizhangqing. Lin Chong captures her. Song Jiang later matches her with Wang Ying, and she ranks fifty-ninth on Liangshan. In the Fang La campaign Zheng Biao kills her with a stone bullet. She is posthumously titled Lady of Huayang commandery.

published category-literature category-people category-fictional-characters tag-fictional-character tag-classics tag-four-great-classics wikidata https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1045352 zhwiki https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%89%88%E4%B8%89%E5%A8%98 2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00 2026-10-29T17:19:50+08:00 user:admin 7 Hu Sanniang is a character in the novel Water Margin. Wikidata names her Hu Sanniang. The same materials also give the nickname Yizhangqing and the star name Dihuixing. Neither the nickname nor the star name replaces the title. This entry calls her one of the three women commanders of Liangshan, and the story is set in the Great Song.[^wikidata][^zhwiki] ## In battle She is the daughter of the lord of Hu manor and the younger sister of Hu Cheng, the Flying Tiger. She was betrothed to Zhu Biao. She fights with a pair of sun-and-moon swords and can take prisoners with a rope from the saddle. When Song Jiang attacked Zhu manor, Hu manor sent troops to help. Her rope took Wang Ying, Qin Ming, and others one after another, and for a time no one on Liangshan dared to meet her. Song Jiang sent Lin Chong. Lin Chong captured her, and Song Jiang gave her to his father, Lord Song, to watch. Hu Cheng then made peace, agreeing that anyone from Zhu manor who fled to Hu manor would be bound and sent to Liangshan, in exchange for Hu Sanniang.[^zhwiki] ## On the mountain, and her death After Zhu manor was destroyed she took Lord Song as an adoptive father and became Song Jiang's sworn younger sister. The article calls her the first woman commander of Liangshan. Song Jiang matched her with Wang Ying. Husband and wife together handled the internal affairs of the Liangshan forces, and she ranked fifty-ninth. In the later campaign against Fang La, Zheng Biao killed Wang Ying. She went to take revenge and was struck from her horse by a stone bullet Zheng Biao threw. She died and was posthumously titled Lady of Huayang commandery.[^zhwiki] ## A few further notes in the article The article says that in chapter 55, fighting Huyan Zhuo, she tells the Hua general to rest and watch her take the man, that in chapter 51 she bows her thanks when Song Jiang makes the match, and that she joins the oath at the great assembly. The 120-chapter version adds a line in the Tian Hu campaign: when Qiong Ying spears Wang Ying in the thigh, Hu Sanniang curses her. In earlier sources the name Yizhangqing is not this woman. In the Eulogies of Song Jiang's Thirty-Six it appears in the verse for Yan Qing, and the Anecdotes of the Xuanhe Reign of the Great Song has a Yizhangqing Zhang Heng. The article also lists performers in several films and television versions. Those names are not copied out here.[^zhwiki] ## Basic facts - Name: Hu Sanniang[^wikidata] - Nickname: Yizhangqing[^zhwiki] - Star name: Dihuixing[^wikidata] - Description: one of the three women commanders of Liangshan in Water Margin[^wikidata] - Setting recorded on this entry: Great Song[^wikidata] - Appears in: [[work_cn_q70827|Water Margin]][^zhwiki] /people/hu-sanniang.html en zh zh en Character in Water Margin true literary character person_cn_q1044471 person sun-li 孙礼

Sun Li (died 250 in this entry), courtesy name Deda, was from Rongcheng in Zhuo commandery. He became minister of works under Cao Wei, with the posthumous title Marquis Jing. The Records of the Three Kingdoms do not give the year of his death.

published category-history category-people category-historical-figures tag-ancient-china wikidata https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1044471 zhwiki https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AD%AB%E7%A6%AE zhengshi https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%9C%8B%E5%BF%97/%E5%8D%B724 2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00 2026-10-29T17:19:45+08:00 user:admin 7 Sun Li was a minister of Cao Wei. Wikidata's simplified Chinese label is Sun Li, and the English label is Sun Li. The Records of the Three Kingdoms say his courtesy name was Deda and that he was from Rongcheng in Zhuo commandery, so the title stays the personal name. This entry dates his death to 250 and records him as a political figure, with his birthplace at [[place_cn_130629|Rongcheng County]]. The cited encyclopedia says 250 or 251. The Records say only that he died and was given the posthumous title Marquis Jing. They do not give the month or year.[^wikidata][^zhwiki][^zhengshi] ## Rise During the troubles he was separated from his mother. Ma Tai of the same commandery found her, and Sun Li gave Ma Tai the whole family property. After Cao Cao pacified You province, he summoned Sun Li as a counselor on the staff of the minister of works. Ma Tai was later condemned to death. Sun Li privately showed him how to escape over the prison wall, then said a subject had no right to flee, and went straight to Wen Hui, the clerk who investigated crime, to give himself up. Wen Hui told Cao Cao. Both men had their death sentences reduced by one degree. Sun Li then became assistant in Hejian and gradually commandant of Xingyang. Several hundred bandits in the hills of Lu held the passes and harmed the people, and the court moved him to be chancellor of Lu. He brought out salary grain, raised clerks and people, offered rewards for heads, and also took in those who surrendered, sending them back as agents. The district was soon quiet. He governed Shanyang, Pingyuan, Pingchang, and Langye. When he followed the grand marshal Cao Xiu against Wu at Jiashi, he advised Cao Xiu not to go deep. Cao Xiu did not listen and was defeated. Sun Li then became governor of Yangping and, at court, a master of writing.[^zhengshi] ## Under the Ming emperor The Ming emperor was building palaces while the seasons were disordered and grain was short. Sun Li argued hard, and the labor was stopped. The edict said the frank advice was accepted and the people should be sent home, but the supervisor Li Hui asked to keep them another month to finish the work. Sun Li went to the site, made no further memorial, and dismissed the workers in the emperor's name. The emperor thought the intention remarkable and did not punish him. When the emperor hunted on Dashi Mountain, a tiger rushed the carriage. Sun Li threw down his whip, dismounted, and meant to strike the tiger with his sword. The emperor ordered him back onto the horse. As the Ming emperor was dying, he made Cao Shuang general-in-chief and, receiving the testamentary edict by the bed, appointed Sun Li chief clerk of the general-in-chief and cavalier attendant. Sun Li was upright and would not bend. Cao Shuang found that inconvenient and sent him out as inspector of Yang province, wave-subduing general, and marquis within the passes.[^zhengshi] ## Shaopei and Jizhou The Wu general Quan Cong invaded with tens of thousands. Most of the provincial troops were away, and few remained. Sun Li led the guards himself and fought at Shaopei from dawn until evening. More than half the officers and men were killed or wounded. His horse took several wounds. He held the drumstick and went among the blades, and the Wu force withdrew. The court granted seven hundred bolts of silk. He mourned the dead and gave all the silk to their families. He was later called in as steward of the lesser treasury, went out as inspector of Jing province, and then became shepherd of Ji province. Sima Yi told him that Qinghe and Pingyuan had disputed their border for eight years and that two inspectors had failed to settle it. Sun Li said the map from the time the founder first enfeoffed Pingyuan should decide the case. When he arrived he followed the map and assigned the land to Pingyuan. Cao Shuang believed Qinghe and wrote that the map could not be used and that other views should be weighed. Sun Li memorialized, put on his sash and shoes, and waited in his carriage to be dismissed. Cao Shuang was furious, charged him with resentment, and sentenced him to five years. After a year at home, and after many people spoke for him, he was made colonel of the city gates.[^zhengshi] ## Last years The Xiongnu king Liu Jing was strong, and the Xianbei often raided the frontier. The court made Sun Li inspector of Bing province, martial-awe general, holder of credentials, and protector of the Xiongnu. He visited Sima Yi with an angry face and said nothing. Sima Yi thought he found Bing province too small, or still resented the border decision. Sun Li said he was not thinking of rank or of the old case. What grieved him was that the altars were in danger. He wept. Sima Yi told him to endure what was hard to endure. After Cao Shuang was killed, Sun Li became colonel-director of retainers. He had charge, in all, of seven commanderies and five provinces, and in each he had authority. He was promoted to minister of works and enfeoffed as Marquis of Daliting, with a hundred households. He and Lu Yu were of the same commandery and the same generation, but they were not close. Their reputations and ranks were roughly equal. The Records say he died, was posthumously titled Marquis Jing, and was succeeded by his grandson Sun Yuan.[^zhengshi] ## Basic facts - Name: Sun Li[^zhengshi] - Courtesy name: Deda[^zhengshi] - Death year recorded on this entry: 250; the Records give no year, and the encyclopedia says 250 or 251[^wikidata][^zhwiki] - Realm: Cao Wei[^wikidata] - Birthplace: [[place_cn_130629|Rongcheng County]][^wikidata] - Occupation recorded on this entry: political figure[^wikidata] - Posthumous title: Marquis Jing[^zhengshi] - Portrayal: [[person_cn_q124460602|Sun Li]] (a character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms) /people/sun-li.html en zh zh en 250 250 historical figure person_cn_q1044450 person hu-ban 胡班

Hu Ban, in Romance of the Three Kingdoms, is the son of the court gentleman Hu Hua. He served Wang Zhi at Xingyang, spared Guan Yu, and later joined Liu Bei as a general of the standard gate. The article says the man who reported Zhang Fei's death is also written Wu Ban. This entry dates Hu Ban's death to 234, which the article does not narrate.

published category-literature category-people category-fictional-characters tag-fictional-character tag-classics tag-four-great-classics wikidata https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1044450 zhwiki https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%83%A1%E7%8F%AD 2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00 2026-10-29T17:19:44+08:00 user:admin 7 Hu Ban is a character in the novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Wikidata names him Hu Ban. The cited article calls him fictional and says he was the son of Hu Hua, a gentleman-consultant in the reign of Emperor Huan. This entry records him as a commander under Liu Bei and dates his death to 234. The article does not give a year of death, so the stored year is repeated and no death scene is added. The story is set in the Han.[^wikidata][^zhwiki] ## Xingyang He began as an aide of Wang Zhi, governor of Xingyang. After Guan Yu had forced the passes, Wang Zhi received him warmly and secretly ordered Hu Ban to burn Guan Yu's lodging. Hu Ban wanted to see Guan Yu's face, and on seeing him cried out in admiration. Guan Yu asked his name and showed him Hu Hua's letter. Hu Ban then told him of Wang Zhi's plan. Guan Yu escorted his two sisters-in-law out of the post station. Wang Zhi pursued and was cut in two at the waist.[^zhwiki] ## Joining Liu Bei Hu Ban later came to Jing province and surrendered to Guan Yu, who remembered the old rescue. When Liu Bei became king of Hanzhong, he sent Hu Ban with Fei Shi into Shu to see the king receive the title. Hu Ban was made general of the standard gate. Liu Bei then had him assist Zhang Fei in holding Langzhong. After Zhang Fei's officers Fan Qiang and Zhang Da killed Zhang Fei, the article says Hu Ban reported directly to Liu Bei, and notes that this reporter is also written Wu Ban. Zhang Fei's elder son Zhang Bao coffined the body, the second son Zhang Shao held Langzhong, and Zhang Bao was sent to Chengdu. Both names appear for that report, so the title stays Hu Ban.[^zhwiki] ## Basic facts - Name: Hu Ban[^wikidata] - Death year recorded on this entry: 234; the cited article does not narrate that death[^wikidata] - Role: a commander under Liu Bei[^wikidata] - Setting recorded on this entry: Han[^wikidata] - Appears in: [[work_cn_q70806|Romance of the Three Kingdoms]][^zhwiki] /people/hu-ban.html en zh zh en 234 234 Character in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms true literary character person_cn_q1044418 person li-feng 李丰

Li Feng (died 254), courtesy name Anguo, or Xuan'guo in another account, was from Dong county in Fengyi and served Cao Wei as prefect of the palace secretariat. In the second month of 254 Sima Shi killed him with the iron ring of a knife handle. This entry dates his death to 254.

published category-history category-people category-historical-figures tag-ancient-china wikidata https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1044418 zhwiki https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E4%B8%B0_(%E6%9B%B9%E9%AD%8F) 2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00 2026-10-29T17:19:41+08:00 user:admin 7 Li Feng was an official of Cao Wei. Wikidata names him Li Feng, so the title stays the personal name. The cited article gives his courtesy name as Anguo, and in another account as Xuanguo. The courtesy name is disputed, so it does not replace the title. He was from Dong county in Fengyi, and this entry places his birthplace at [[place_cn_610523|Dali County]]. His father, Li Yi (the name written 义), was commandant of the guards. Li Feng rose to prefect of the palace secretariat. This entry dates his death to 254 and records him as a political figure.[^wikidata][^zhwiki] ## Early reputation In the Huangchu years he was summoned to follow the army because of his father's appointment. He was then seventeen or eighteen, living at Ye, known for integrity and for judging men, and his reputation soon reached Xuchang. His father made him shut his door and study, away from guests. After Cao Rui became emperor he asked a man who had come over from Wu which notable of the central plains he had heard of. The man said he knew only Li Anguo. Cao Rui later asked his attendants who Li Anguo was, and they said it was Li Feng's courtesy name. Li Feng served as gentleman of the yellow gate, commandant of cavalry, and palace attendant. After Cao Rui died he became coachman of Yongning. The article says his fame outran his ability, so he was not given great trust.[^zhwiki] ## After Zhengshi In the Zhengshi years he became attendant within the palace and vice director of the secretariat, and he often pleaded illness. A hundred days of sick leave stopped the salary, so for several years he was ill for a few days, recovered, and fell ill again. When his son Li Tao was chosen to marry a princess, Li Feng refused in public and agreed in private. His younger brothers, Li Yi (the name written 翼) and Li Wei, were grand administrators for many years. While Sima Yi was long ill, Li Wei drank and mismanaged Xinping and Fufeng, and Li Feng did nothing. People thought he relied on favor. While Cao Shuang held power, Li Feng tried to please both Cao Shuang and Sima Yi. A jingle compared Cao Shuang to hot soup, the grand tutor to cold slurry, and the Li brothers to the spirit Youguang. On the day Sima Yi destroyed Cao Shuang, he stopped his chariot at court and told Li Feng. Li Feng was so frightened that he crouched on the ground and could not rise. After Sima Yi died, the prefecture of the secretariat was vacant. Someone recommended Li Feng to Sima Shi. Li Feng thought of his marriage tie to Cao Fang and did not decline. He privately favored Xiahou Xuan and joined Zhang Ji, the empress's father, who had been removed from a commandery. They meant to overthrow Sima Shi and make Xiahou Xuan general-in-chief. Li Feng secretly had his younger brother Li Yi (翼) ask to enter court with troops. The requests were not granted.[^zhwiki] ## Death The article places the plot in the second month of 254, when a noble lady was to be received at court. Li Feng planned to use the imperial carriage's arrival, have the emperor's troops at the gates kill Sima Shi, replace him with Xiahou Xuan, and make Zhang Ji general of the agile cavalry. The plotters included Su Shuo, supervisor of the yellow gate, Le Dun, prefect of the Yongning office, and Liu Xian, servant of the attendants. Sima Shi heard of it and sent Wang Yang with a carriage to fetch Li Feng. Under questioning Li Feng knew the plot was exposed and cursed Sima Shi aloud. Sima Shi, in anger, killed him with the iron ring on a knife handle. That night the body was sent to the commandant of justice. Zhong Yu first refused it, saying it was not a case for the judge, and accepted it only after the edict arrived. Zhang Ji was ordered to die. Zhong Yu reported that Li Feng and the others had meant to seize the emperor and kill Sima Shi on their own authority. After the ministers and the commandant deliberated, Li Tao, Xiahou Xuan, Su Shuo, Le Dun, Liu Xian, and others were beheaded and their three kindred groups destroyed. The remaining dependents were moved to Lelang. A separate edict spared the three sons of Princess Qi the Elder because she was a daughter of the late emperor. Li Feng's daughter Li Wan, already married to Jia Chong, was exiled and separated from her husband, and was pardoned only after the Western Jin was founded. Cao Fang was furious at Li Feng's death and asked how he had died. Empress Dowager Guo, afraid, called Cao Fang inside, and the questioning stopped. Cao Fang was deposed in the ninth month.[^zhwiki] ## Basic facts - Name: Li Feng[^wikidata] - Courtesy name: Anguo, or Xuanguo in another account[^zhwiki] - Death year recorded on this entry: 254[^wikidata] - Realm: Cao Wei[^wikidata] - Birthplace: [[place_cn_610523|Dali County]][^wikidata] - Occupation recorded on this entry: political figure[^wikidata] - Portrayal: [[person_cn_q124635251|Li Feng]] (a character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms) /people/li-feng.html en zh zh en 254 254 historical figure person_cn_q10538322 person jia-jing 贾敬

Jia Jing, in Dream of the Red Chamber, is the grandson of Duke Ning, Jia Yan, and the second son of Jia Daihua. He was a jinshi of the Yimao examination, rank 5b, but left office and title to his son Jia Zhen and practiced alchemy at the Xuanzhen temple. In chapter 63 he dies of elixir poisoning.

published category-literature category-people category-fictional-characters tag-fictional-character tag-classics tag-four-great-classics wikidata https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10538322 zhwiki https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B4%BE%E6%95%AC 2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00 2026-10-29T17:19:41+08:00 user:admin 7 Jia Jing is a character in the novel Dream of the Red Chamber. Wikidata names him Jia Jing, so the title stays that name. He is the grandson of Duke Ning, Jia Yan, and the second son of Jia Daihua. This entry records him as a figure of the novel, and the story is set in the dynasty of the novel.[^wikidata][^zhwiki] ## Alchemy He was a jinshi of the Yimao examination, of the fifth rank, upper degree, but he cared only for the Way and for firing elixir. He left the office and the title to his son Jia Zhen. Every day he practiced at the Xuanzhen temple outside the capital, kept company with Daoists, and wanted to become an immortal. He attended to nothing else.[^zhwiki] ## Death He later took elixir without restraint and died of the poison. At death his belly was hard as iron, and his face and lips were burned a purple-crimson and cracked. The article says he appears in chapter 2 and dies in chapter 63.[^zhwiki] ## Basic facts - Name: Jia Jing[^wikidata] - Parentage: son of Jia Daihua, grandson of Duke Ning, Jia Yan[^zhwiki] - Setting recorded on this entry: the dynasty of the novel[^wikidata] - Appears in: [[work_cn_q8265|Dream of the Red Chamber]][^zhwiki] /people/jia-jing.html en zh zh en Character in Dream of the Red Chamber true literary character person_cn_q1053218 person gongsun-sheng 公孙胜

Gongsun Sheng, in Water Margin, is a Daoist from Jizhou. His Daoist name is Yiqing, his nickname is the Dragon Entering the Clouds, and his star is Tianxianxing. He studied under Luo the Perfected. He joined the seizure of the birthday gift and later kept Liangshan's secrets. After Wang Qing, at Chenqiao post he recalled his teacher's words, returned to Jizhou, and did not join the Fang La campaign.

published category-literature category-people category-fictional-characters tag-fictional-character tag-classics tag-four-great-classics wikidata https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1053218 zhwiki https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E5%AD%99%E8%83%9C 2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00 2026-10-29T17:19:32+08:00 user:admin 7 Gongsun Sheng is a character in the novel Water Margin. Wikidata names him Gongsun Sheng. The same materials also give the Daoist name Yiqing, the nickname Dragon Entering the Clouds, the star name Tianxianxing, and the form Gongsun Yiqing. The Daoist name, the nickname, and the star name do not replace the title. He is from Jizhou, a wandering Daoist of the Zixu temple, and a disciple of Luo the Perfected. This entry records him as a Water Margin figure, and the story is set in the Great Song.[^wikidata][^zhwiki] ## The mountain, and the return home He is tall and large, with slanting brows, almond eyes, and whiskers, a short robe, hemp shoes, and a pine-grain ancient-ingot sword. He is skilled both in Daoist arts and with spear and staff. Hearing that Yang Zhi was escorting Cai Jing's birthday gift, he thought the wealth unjust and went to Chao Gai to plan its seizure. After the affair he drove off He Tao and went up to Liangshan. When Song Jiang had been rescued from the execution ground at Jiangzhou, Gongsun Sheng missed his old mother, went home, and did not return. When Song Jiang attacked Gaotang and lost to Gao Lian's sorcery, he was asked down again. With the orthodox method of the five thunders and the heavenly stars, taught by Luo the Perfected, he broke Gao Lian's art. Shi Jin's first battle at Mangdang Mountain went badly. Gongsun Sheng arrived with troops, set an eight-trigram formation, broke Fan Rui's sorcery, and received Fan Rui and the others. When the hundred and eight gathered, he served as the strategist who kept the secrets.[^zhwiki] ## After the amnesty After the amnesty he followed the campaigns against Liao and Tian Hu. Tian Hu's strategist Qiao Daoqing defeated the Liangshan men with sorcery. Gongsun Sheng broke that art and received him. Against Wang Qing, Lu Junyi fought Li Zhu, called the Master of the Golden Sword, at Nanfeng and could not match the sword. Gongsun Sheng arrived with the center army and by art made the sword leave Li Zhu's hand, so Lu Junyi captured him alive. After Wang Qing was pacified, Song Jiang camped at Chenqiao post outside the eastern capital. Gongsun Sheng remembered Luo the Perfected's words, return when you meet the Bian, took leave of Song Jiang, and went back to the Mountain of the Two Immortals in Jizhou. He did not go with the Liangshan company again and did not join the campaign against Fang La. He studied the Way with his teacher and cared for his mother until the end of his years. The article includes remarks by Yu Xiangdou, Jin Shengtan, Wang Wangru, and Chen Chen. Those sentences are not copied out, nor is the list of screen performers.[^zhwiki] ## Basic facts - Name: Gongsun Sheng[^wikidata] - Daoist name: Yiqing[^zhwiki] - Nickname: Dragon Entering the Clouds[^zhwiki] - Star name: Tianxianxing[^wikidata] - Origin: Jizhou[^zhwiki] - Setting recorded on this entry: Great Song[^wikidata] - Appears in: [[work_cn_q70827|Water Margin]][^zhwiki] /people/gongsun-sheng.html en zh zh en Character in Water Margin true literary character person_cn_q1042908 person qiao-rui 桥蕤

Qiao Rui (died 197) was a general of Yuan Shu at the end of the Eastern Han, given the rank of grand general. In 197 Cao Cao marched in person, Yuan Shu fled, and Qiao Rui was among the generals left behind and killed. The cited article says he is the same man as the form written with the surname character 乔, so the title stays Qiao Rui.

published category-history category-people category-historical-figures tag-ancient-china wikidata https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1042908 zhwiki https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A9%8B%E8%95%A4 2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00 2026-10-29T17:19:29+08:00 user:admin 7 Qiao Rui was a commander under Yuan Shu at the end of the Eastern Han. Wikidata's simplified Chinese label is Qiao Rui, and the English label is Qiao Rui. The cited article says that this Qiao Rui and the same name written with the surname character 乔 are one person, so the title stays Qiao Rui. This entry dates his death to 197.[^wikidata][^zhwiki] ## Under Yuan Shu Yuan Shu made him grand general. In the fourth year of Chuping (193) he joined Yuan Shu in attacking Qiyang, in Cao Cao's territory. Yuan Shu wanted to send He Kui to urge a surrender. He Kui refused and hid on Qian Mountain. In the first year of Xingping (194) Sun Ce attached himself to Yuan Shu, who returned Sun Jian's old troops to him. Qiao Rui and Zhang Xun both treated Sun Ce with respect.[^zhwiki] ## The second year of Jian'an In the second year of Jian'an (197) Yuan Shu took the imperial title in Huainan and called his regime Zhongjia. He sought a marriage alliance with Lü Bu, and Lü Bu first agreed. The envoy Han Yin announced the imperial claim and came to fetch the bride. Chen Gui, chancellor of Pei, feared a union of Xu province and Yang province and persuaded Lü Bu to refuse. Lü Bu also resented Yuan Shu's earlier failure to help him. He recalled the daughter already on the road, sent Han Yin in custody to Xu, and Cao Cao had Han Yin beheaded. Yuan Shu sent his generals Zhang Xun and Qiao Rui, with the White Wave leaders Han Xian and Yang Feng, in seven columns of infantry and cavalry against Lü Bu. Lü Bu had few troops. On Chen Gui's plan he wrote to Han Xian and Yang Feng, urging them to turn on Yuan Shu, and he sent them military supplies. They were pleased, joined Lü Bu, and smashed Zhang Xun at Xiapi. Cao Cao then marched in person. When Yuan Shu heard it he abandoned his army and fled back to Huainan, leaving Qiao Rui, Li Feng, Liang Gang, and Yue Jiu. The article says Cao Cao's general Yu Jin captured these four alive and beheaded them all. The rest scattered, and nearly all were killed, wounded, or drowned.[^zhwiki] ## A different death in the novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms tells another story. When Cao Cao attacked Yuan Shu, Yuan Shu ordered Qiao Rui to hold the border of Shouchun with fifty thousand men. Qiao Rui rode out to duel Xiahou Dun and was speared to death in fewer than three bouts. That is the novel, not the account above. The portrayal is [[person_cn_q123786584|Qiao Rui]].[^zhwiki] ## Basic facts - Name: Qiao Rui[^wikidata] - Death year recorded on this entry: 197[^wikidata] - Realm: Eastern Han[^wikidata] - Portrayal: [[person_cn_q123786584|Qiao Rui]] (a character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms) /people/qiao-rui.html en zh zh en 197 197 historical figure person_cn_q1051287 person bi-gan 比干

Bi Gan, of the Zi clan, from Mei in Yin-Shang, was a son of Wen Ding and an uncle of King Zhou. He rose to junior preceptor. Confucius says he died for his remonstrance. The article also records a cut-out heart, death by drowning, death in the fighting, and stele texts that would put his death more than ten years after King Zhou. This entry gives no birth or death year.

published category-history category-people category-historical-figures tag-ancient-china wikidata https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1051287 zhwiki https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E5%B9%B2 2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00 2026-10-29T17:19:26+08:00 user:admin 7 Bi Gan was a prince of the Shang house. Wikidata names him Bi Gan. The record also has the later form Lord Lin the Grand Preceptor, which does not replace the title. The article says he was of the Zi clan, from Mei in Yin-Shang, which it identifies with present-day Weihui in Henan. He was a son of King Wen Ding, a younger brother of Di Yi, and an uncle of King Zhou. He was clever and hardworking as a child and rose to junior preceptor. Confucius names Weizi, Jizi, and Bi Gan the three benevolent men of Yin, and says Bi Gan died because he remonstrated. He is also treated as the ancestor of the Lin surname and as a god of wealth. This entry records no birth or death year and lists him as a political figure. The article likewise gives only question marks for the years.[^wikidata][^zhwiki] ## Accounts of his death Death for remonstrance is the early account. The article says the story that his heart was cut out is first recorded in the Spring and Autumn period, long after the event, and that the texts make King Zhou more cruel as time goes on, so later embroidery cannot be ruled out. A Hunan Television summary of the Xia-Shang-Zhou chronology project says some steles in Bi Gan temples put his death more than ten years after King Zhou, which would mean King Zhou did not kill him. The article calls this short of proof and still a doubt. In the Warring States period another account, close to the story of Qu Yuan, says Bi Gan drowned. The modern scholar Gu Jiegang also argued that Bi Gan was both King Zhou's uncle and King Wu of Zhou's maternal uncle, that he tried to mediate, and that he died in the confusion of the battle when mediation failed. King Wu buried him hastily on the field and built a great tomb only after Shang had fallen. That would explain the record of the tomb. These accounts do not agree, and this entry does not choose one death.[^zhwiki] ## Honors, cult, and the novel Emperor Taizong of Tang gave him the posthumous office of grand preceptor and the title Duke of Loyal Ardor. Emperor Shun of Yuan added Renxian, making him the Duke of Manifest Benevolence and Loyal Ardor. A Daoist collection of audiences of the god of wealth calls him the Perfected Bi who Guards Wealth and Stores the True. In Investiture of the Gods, Jiang Ziya enfeoffs him as the star lord of Wenqu. Weihui in Henan has a Bi Gan temple, with the stele Confucius is said to have cut with a sword, Emperor Xiaowen of Northern Wei's lament for Bi Gan, and more than a hundred other steles. The temple was founded in 494. Qi county in Henan, according to the Qi county gazetteer, has a temple of the three benevolent men, for Bi Gan, Jizi, and Weizi. In the novel he has a heart with seven openings. For three days and nights at the Star-Plucking Terrace he blames Daji for throwing the realm into disorder and tells King Zhou that disaster is near if he abandons the former kings' rules and listens only to a woman. Daji, the nine-tailed fox, already hates him for the burning of the fox den. King Zhou has his heart cut out. The terrace at Qi county was later renamed the Heart-Plucking Terrace. The novel says Jiang Ziya's charm lets him live after the heart is gone, until he meets a woman selling hollow-heart vegetables. She says a person without a heart dies, and he dies at once. He is then called the first loyal minister of all time. The portrayal is [[person_cn_q12476179|Bi Gan]]. The article also lists screen performers. Those names are not copied out here.[^zhwiki] ## Basic facts - Name: Bi Gan[^wikidata] - Clan: Zi[^zhwiki] - Description: a noble of the Shang[^wikidata] - Later form of address: Lord Lin the Grand Preceptor[^wikidata] - Occupation recorded on this entry: political figure[^wikidata] - Portrayal: [[person_cn_q12476179|Bi Gan]] (a character in Investiture of the Gods) /people/bi-gan.html en zh zh en historical figure person_cn_q10509106 person subhuti 菩提祖师

Patriarch Subhuti, fully named Patriarch Subhuti of the Xu, is Sun Wukong's teacher in Journey to the West. He teaches the seventy-two transformations, long life, and the cloud somersault, and he forbids Wukong to reveal the school. The article gives several accounts of who he really is, so the title stays.

published category-literature category-people category-fictional-characters tag-fictional-character tag-classics tag-four-great-classics wikidata https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10509106 zhwiki https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8F%A9%E6%8F%90%E7%A5%96%E5%B8%88 2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00 2026-10-29T17:19:24+08:00 user:admin 7 Patriarch Subhuti is a character in the novel Journey to the West. Wikidata names him Subhuti. The cited article says the full name is Patriarch Subhuti, with the Xu syllable. It then lists several real identities, including the Tathagata, Guanyin, and the Most High Lord Lao. They do not agree, so the title stays Patriarch Subhuti. This entry records him as a figure of Journey to the West.[^wikidata][^zhwiki] ## The pupil He takes Sun Wukong as a disciple and teaches the seventy-two transformations, deathlessness, and the cloud somersault. He foresees that Wukong will make trouble, and he requires secrecy: the school and the old story of the training must never be mentioned. In chapter 1 a woodcutter points the Handsome Monkey King the way, and Wukong then meets him. The book presents him as a great immortal versed in both Daoism and Buddhism, of high powers and many disciples. People of the hills and wilds receive his teaching. He leads them toward the Way and also teaches ways of strengthening the body and calming the mind.[^zhwiki] ## The name, and later guesses Commentators say Subhuti was a great disciple of the Tathagata, known for understanding emptiness, and that the Diamond Sutra is what the Buddha said to Subhuti. The name was not originally a title among immortals, and some take that to mean the immortal and the Buddha are one. The article also gathers guesses about who he really was. Some say the Tathagata, using among other things Wukong's later thought that he bowed only to the Buddha, to Guanyin, and to the teacher of the Mountain of the Two Boundaries, together with the Tathagata's awakening under the bodhi tree. Other guesses are Guanyin, the Most High Lord Lao, a junior fellow of the Tathagata, Subhuti among the Tathagata's ten great disciples, and a portrait of the author. Popular talk adds the Daoist Zhunti and the Primordial Heavenly Worthy. The article says the last of these mixes Journey to the West with Investiture of the Gods. The television series The Lotus Lantern and its prequel present Yuding Zhenren as an earlier or true form of Patriarch Subhuti. None of these accounts supplies one personal name to replace the title.[^zhwiki] ## Basic facts - Name: Patriarch Subhuti[^wikidata] - Full form in the article: Patriarch Subhuti, with the Xu syllable[^zhwiki] - Description: a character in Journey to the West, Sun Wukong's teacher[^wikidata][^zhwiki] - Appears in: [[work_cn_q70784|Journey to the West]][^zhwiki] /people/subhuti.html en zh zh en Character in Journey to the West true mythological figure en 936 50 50001 1000 /en/search-935.xml /en/search-937.xml