{ "contentStorage": "postgres", "namePrimary": { "person_cn_q1004339": true, "person_cn_q10127095": true, "person_cn_q1039216": true, "person_cn_q1041894": true, "person_cn_q1046427": true, "person_cn_q1046433": true, "person_cn_q1048253": true, "person_cn_q1048629": true, "person_cn_q79193": true, "person_cn_q8059961": true, "person_cn_q845107": true, "person_cn_q847636": true, "person_cn_q855037": true, "person_cn_q855614": true, "person_cn_q858809": true, "person_cn_q875383": true, "person_cn_q902466": true, "person_cn_q9073854": true, "person_cn_q910840": true, "person_cn_q911256": true, "person_cn_q911447": true, "person_cn_q953232": true, "person_cn_q953807": true, "person_cn_q953834": true }, "title": "Search", "url": "/en/search-937.html", "entities": [ { "id": "person_cn_q1048253", "type": "person", "title": "Yang Biao", "slug": "yang-biao", "aliases": [ "杨彪" ], "summary": "Yang Biao (142–225), courtesy name Wenxian, of Huayin in Hongnong, was a minister at the end of the Eastern Han and the fourth grand commandant in the Yang line after Yang Zhen. His son was Yang Xiu. He opposed Dong Zhuo's move of the capital and later refused the commandantship offered by Cao Pi. He died in 225 at eighty-four.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q1048253", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1048253" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "杨彪（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A5%8A%E5%BD%AA" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:19:15+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 7, "body": "Yang Biao was a minister at the end of the Eastern Han. Wikidata's simplified Chinese label is Yang Biao, and the English label is Yang Biao. The cited article gives his courtesy name as Wenxian and his home as Huayin in Hongnong. The courtesy name does not replace the title. He belonged to the Yang clan of Hongnong. From Yang Zhen to Yang Biao, four generations served as grand commandant. His son was Yang Xiu. This entry dates him from 142 to 225, records his realm as Cao Wei, and records him as a political figure.[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n\n## Family and early office\n\nThe article traces a distant ancestor, Yang Xi, as a fierce general under Emperor Gao of Han, and an ancestor Yang Chang as chancellor under Emperor Zhao, Marquis of Anping, who married a daughter of Sima Qian. It also says Yang Bao once saved a yellow sparrow and was repaid with a jade ring. As a youth Yang Biao was shaped by the family learning. He was first recommended as filial and incorrupt, the province then recommended him as an abundant talent, and the offices summoned him. He declined all of these. In the Xiping years he was called in as a gentleman-consultant because of his knowledge of old records. With Ma Midi, Cai Yong, Lu Zhi, Han Shuo, and others he continued the Han Record of the Eastern Lodge, and he became palace attendant and governor of the capital district. In the second year of Guanghe (179) the yellow-gate prefect Wang Fu had his clients extort more than seventy million from the commanderies. Yang Biao exposed it to Yang Qiu, colonel-director of retainers. Yang Qiu memorialized, and Wang Fu was killed. Yang Biao then served again as palace attendant and leader of the five offices, governed Yingchuan and Nanyang, and passed through palace attendant, steward of the Yongle palace, coachman, and commandant of the guards. In the sixth year of Zhongping (189) he replaced Dong Zhuo as minister of works, and that winter replaced Huang Wan as minister over the masses.[^zhwiki]\n\n## The move of the capital, and the flight\n\nIn the first year of Chuping (190) the east of the passes rose against Dong Zhuo. Dong Zhuo planned to move the capital to Chang'an and cited the Stone Bundle prophecy. The officials dared not speak. Yang Biao said a move was a great matter, that after Wang Mang's chaos almost no one in Guanzhong had survived, and that to abandon the temples and tombs for no cause would shake the people. He called the prophecy a deviant book. Dong Zhuo changed color. The grand commandant Huang Wan supported Yang Biao. Xun Shuang, minister of works, saw that Dong Zhuo would not bend, agreed aloud, and privately told Yang Biao that further argument would bring disaster. On the fifth day of the second month Dong Zhuo had Xuan Fan, colonel-director of retainers, cite omens and memorialize the dismissal of Huang Wan, Yang Biao, and others. In the third month of the second year of Xingping (195), Li Xian, a nephew of Li Jue, surrounded the palace with several thousand men to seize Emperor Xian. Yang Biao said emperors had never lived in a minister's house. Li Xian would not listen, and Yang Biao went with the emperor. The emperor sent him and the ministers to Guo Si's camp to urge peace. Guo Si held Yang Biao, Zhang Xi, Zhu Jun, Shisun Rui, Han Rong, and others as hostages. Yang Biao said to his face that one man seizing the emperor and another taking the ministers hostage could not be allowed. Guo Si meant to kill him. Yang Biao answered that if Guo Si would not serve the emperor, he himself need not seek to live. The leader of court gentlemen Yang Mi persuaded Guo Si to stop. After the emperor returned to Luoyang, Yang Biao acted as prefect of the masters of writing.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Last years\n\nIn the first year of Jian'an (196) he followed Emperor Xian to Xu. At a banquet Cao Cao saw that his face was unhappy, pleaded illness, and returned to camp. In the ninth month Yang Biao was dismissed for illness. After Yuan Shu took the imperial title in Huainan, Cao Cao, because Yang Biao was Yuan Shu's kin, jailed him on a charge of plotting with Yuan Shu to depose the emperor. Kong Rong went to protest before he could put on court dress, saying the Yang house had four generations of pure virtue and could not be condemned for the Yuans. Man Chong, prefect of Xu, who conducted the interrogation, told Cao Cao that no proof had been beaten out of him and that killing so famous a man without proof would lose the people's hearts. Cao Cao released him. The article says he was again made minister of ceremonies in the fourth year of Jian'an, dismissed in the tenth year, and stripped of his nobility the next year. Seeing the Han about to fail, he claimed a cramp in the leg and stayed at home. After Cao Cao killed his son Yang Xiu, Cao Cao asked why he was so thin. Yang Biao said he was ashamed not to have had Jin Midi's foresight in killing his own son, and that he still had an old cow's care for its calf. Cao Cao's expression changed. After Cao Pi became emperor he wanted Yang Biao as grand commandant. Yang Biao said he had already been one of the Han three excellencies, was old and ill, and could not take office under the new dynasty. Cao Pi made him grand master of splendor and specially advanced, treated him as a guest, gave him a longevity staff and an armrest, and allowed a deer-skin cap. Yang Biao declined and came in a plain robe and leather cap. Cao Pi also set a barrier and clerks at the Yang house. Yang Biao died in the fifth year of Huangchu (225), at the age of eighty-four.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Name: Yang Biao[^wikidata]\n- Courtesy name: Wenxian[^zhwiki]\n- Dates recorded on this entry: 142–225[^wikidata]\n- Realm recorded on this entry: Cao Wei; the article calls him a minister of the late Eastern Han[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n- Occupation recorded on this entry: political figure[^wikidata]\n- Portrayal: [[person_cn_q123596396|Yang Biao]] (a character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms)", "url": "/people/yang-biao.html", "lang": "en", "sourceLang": "zh", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "birth": { "year": 142, "display": "142" }, "death": { "year": 225, "display": "225" }, "personCategory": "historical figure" }, { "id": "person_cn_q1048629", "type": "person", "title": "Fu Jia", "slug": "fu-jia", "aliases": [ "傅嘏" ], "summary": "Fu Jia (209–255), courtesy name Lanshi, of Niyang in Beidi, was a master of writing under Cao Wei. He opposed a rash attack on Wu and urged Sima Shi to lead the army against Guanqiu Jian in person. The Records say he died that year at forty-seven, with the posthumous title Marquis Yuan. The encyclopedia also records the courtesy name Zhaoxian.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q1048629", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1048629" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "傅嘏（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%82%85%E5%98%8F" }, { "id": "zhengshi", "title": "三国志·卷21（维基文库）", "url": "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%9C%8B%E5%BF%97/%E5%8D%B721" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:19:15+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 7, "body": "Fu Jia was an official of Cao Wei. Wikidata's simplified Chinese label is Fu Jia, and the English label is Fu Jia. The Records of the Three Kingdoms say his courtesy name was Lanshi and that he was from Niyang in Beidi, a descendant of Fu Jiezi. The cited encyclopedia also records the courtesy name Zhaoxian. Both accounts stand, so the title stays Fu Jia. This entry dates him from 209 to 255, records his realm as Cao Wei and the Eastern Han, records him as a political figure, and places his birthplace at [[place_cn_610204|Yaozhou District]].[^wikidata][^zhwiki][^zhengshi]\n\n## Entry into office\n\nHe was already known around the age of twenty. Chen Qun, minister of works, appointed him to his staff. When Liu Shao, cavalier attendant, proposed a law for appraising officials and the matter was sent to the three offices, Fu Jia objected. He argued that Wei, coming after Qin and Han, could not yet judge men by the ancient system, that selection already rested with the ministry of personnel, and that an appraisal set up first would not separate the worthy from the foolish. At the start of Zhengshi he became a gentleman of the masters of writing and then gentleman-attendant of the yellow gate. Cao Shuang held power, and He Yan was minister of personnel. Fu Jia told Cao Xi, Cao Shuang's brother, that He Yan looked quiet and was inwardly sharp and greedy, and that he would first mislead the brothers, drive good men away, and ruin the court. He Yan turned against him and had him dismissed over a small matter. He was then made governor of Xingyang and did not go. Sima Yi, the grand tutor, made him attendant gentleman. After Cao Shuang was killed he became governor of Henan and then a master of writing. He often thought the offices since Qin and Han differed from antiquity and wanted to correct them from the root, and he also said the imperial house had too many troubles for the change to be made. The encyclopedia adds that in his youth he refused the friendship of He Yan, Deng Yang, and Xiahou Xuan. Xun Can thought this strange. Fu Jia said the three were corrupt in conduct and that closeness would later implicate him.[^zhengshi][^zhwiki]\n\n## The debate on attacking Wu\n\nSome proposed an attack on Wu. Wang Chang, Hu Zun, and Guanqiu Jian memorialized, each with a different plan. An edict asked Fu Jia. He opposed an immediate crossing of the Yangtze. He thought the sounder course was to advance military colonies, press the enemy, and strike when a gap appeared. Sima Biao's Strategies records the reply at greater length, including seven advantages. The court did not follow him. In the eleventh month of that year Wang Chang and the others were ordered out, and in the first month of the next year Zhuge Ke smashed the Wei army at Dongguan. Zhuge Ke then announced that he would move toward Qing and Xu. Fu Jia said the sea was not a road for a light advance. When Sun Quan had sent troops to sea they were almost all lost, and Zhuge Ke would not stake his root on the flood. At most he would send a wing commander used to naval war up the Huai as a feint and bring his own mass toward Huainan. Zhuge Ke did attack Xincheng and went home without taking it.[^zhengshi]\n\n## Last years\n\nHe often discussed whether talent and nature were the same or different, and Zhong Hui collected the discussion. At the end of Jiaping he was made a marquis within the passes. When Cao Mao, the duke of Gaogui district, took the throne, Fu Jia was advanced to Marquis of Wuxiang. In the spring Guanqiu Jian and Wen Qin rebelled. Some said Sima Shi should not go himself and that the grand commandant Sima Fu could be sent. Only Fu Jia and Wang Su urged Sima Shi to go. Sima Shi went east, left Fu Jia as acting vice director of the masters of writing, and took him along. The rebels were defeated, and Fu Jia had a part in the plans. When Sima Shi died, Fu Jia and Sima Zhao returned directly to Luoyang, and Sima Zhao thus took the regency. The details are in the biography of Zhong Hui. Zhong Hui then looked pleased with himself. Fu Jia warned him that his ambition was larger than his capacity, that such merit was hard to complete, and that he must be careful. For his service Fu Jia was advanced to Marquis of Yangxiang. His fief grew by six hundred households, one thousand two hundred with what he already held. He died that year at forty-seven, was posthumously made minister of ceremonies, and was titled Marquis Yuan. His son Fu Zhi succeeded. When the five ranks were opened in the Xianxi years, Fu Zhi was re-enfeoffed as Viscount of Jingyuan because of Fu Jia's merit in the previous reign.[^zhengshi]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Name: Fu Jia[^zhengshi]\n- Courtesy name: Lanshi; the encyclopedia also records Zhaoxian[^zhengshi][^zhwiki]\n- Dates recorded on this entry: 209–255; the Records say he died that year at forty-seven[^wikidata][^zhengshi]\n- Realm recorded on this entry: Cao Wei and the Eastern Han[^wikidata]\n- Birthplace: [[place_cn_610204|Yaozhou District]][^wikidata]\n- Occupation recorded on this entry: political figure[^wikidata]\n- Posthumous title: Marquis Yuan[^zhengshi]\n- Portrayal: [[person_cn_q124628012|Fu Jia]] (a character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms)", "url": "/people/fu-jia.html", "lang": "en", "sourceLang": "zh", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "birth": { "year": 209, "display": "209" }, "death": { "year": 255, "display": "255" }, "personCategory": "historical figure" }, { "id": "person_cn_q1046433", "type": "person", "title": "Lü Weihuang", "slug": "lu-weihuang", "aliases": [ "吕威璜" ], "summary": "Lü Weihuang (died 200) was an officer of Yuan Shao at the end of the Eastern Han and a cavalry commander. At Guandu he and Chunyu Qiong escorted the grain. When Cao Cao burned Wuchao, Lü Weihuang was killed.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q1046433", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1046433" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "吕威璜（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%91%82%E5%A8%81%E7%92%9C" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:19:10+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 7, "body": "Lü Weihuang was an officer of Yuan Shao at the end of the Eastern Han. Wikidata's simplified Chinese label is Lü Weihuang, and the English label is Lü Weihuang, so the title stays the personal name. He was a cavalry commander in the army. This entry dates his death to 200 and records his realm as China.[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n\n## Wuchao\n\nIn the battle of Guandu in 200, he and Chunyu Qiong were charged with escorting the grain. Cao Cao sent men to burn the granary at Wuchao, and Lü Weihuang was killed.[^zhwiki]\n\n## The novel\n\nChapter 30 of Romance of the Three Kingdoms says Chunyu Qiong supervised Sui Yuanjin, Han Juzi, Lü Weihuang, Zhao Rui, and others in guarding the granary, and that they failed in the guard. Lü Weihuang and the other commanders were killed by Cao Cao's raiders at Wuchao. The portrayal is [[person_cn_q124034359|Lü Weihuang]].[^zhwiki]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Name: Lü Weihuang[^wikidata]\n- Death year recorded on this entry: 200[^wikidata]\n- Realm recorded on this entry: China[^wikidata]\n- Portrayal: [[person_cn_q124034359|Lü Weihuang]] (a character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms)", "url": "/people/lu-weihuang.html", "lang": "en", "sourceLang": "zh", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "death": { "year": 200, "display": "200" }, "personCategory": "historical figure" }, { "id": "person_cn_q1046427", "type": "person", "title": "Yuan Yi", "slug": "yuan-yi", "aliases": [ "袁遗" ], "summary": "Yuan Yi (died 192 in this entry), courtesy name Boye, was a cousin of Yuan Shao and Yuan Shu. He served as prefect of Chang'an, governor of Shanyang, and inspector of Yang province. After Yuan Shu defeated him, his own men killed him as he fled toward Pei. The article marks 192 with a question mark.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q1046427", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1046427" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "袁遗（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A2%81%E9%81%BA" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:19:09+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 7, "body": "Yuan Yi was an official at the end of the Eastern Han. Wikidata's simplified Chinese label is Yuan Yi, and the English label is Yuan Yi. The cited article gives his courtesy name as Boye. The courtesy name does not replace the title. He was a cousin of Yuan Shao and Yuan Shu. His mother was of the He family and was He Kui's cousin-aunt. This entry dates his death to 192, records his realm as China and his occupation as a political figure, and places his birthplace at [[place_cn_411623|Shangshui County]]. The article writes the death year as 192 with a question mark.[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n\n## Career\n\nZhang Chao of Hejian recommended him to the grand commandant Zhu Jun, praising his capacity, honesty, and learning, and saying that he had read widely, could compose fu, and could name what he saw. Yuan Yi served as prefect of Chang'an, governor of Shanyang, and inspector of Yang province. Yuan Shu defeated him at the end. While he was fleeing toward Pei, his own subordinates betrayed and killed him. Cao Cao said that, of men who could still study hard after they had grown, there were only himself and Yuan Boye.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Name: Yuan Yi[^wikidata]\n- Courtesy name: Boye[^zhwiki]\n- Death year recorded on this entry: 192; the article writes 192 with a question mark[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n- Realm recorded on this entry: China[^wikidata]\n- Birthplace: [[place_cn_411623|Shangshui County]][^wikidata]\n- Occupation recorded on this entry: political figure[^wikidata]\n- Portrayal: [[person_cn_q123644342|Yuan Yi]] (a character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms)", "url": "/people/yuan-yi.html", "lang": "en", "sourceLang": "zh", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "death": { "year": 192, "display": "192" }, "personCategory": "historical figure" }, { "id": "person_cn_q1046487", "type": "person", "title": "Shi Jin", "slug": "shi-jin", "aliases": [ "史进" ], "summary": "Shi Jin, in Water Margin, is the young master of Shi manor in Huayin county. His nickname is Nine Dragons and his star name is Tianweixing. He ranks twenty-third on Liangshan. He studied under Wang Jin. After the amnesty, in the Fang La campaign, he died at Yuling Pass in Muzhou under Pang Wanchun's arrow.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-literature", "category-people", "category-fictional-characters" ], "tags": [ "tag-fictional-character", "tag-classics", "tag-four-great-classics" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q1046487", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1046487" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "史进（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%B2%E8%BF%9B" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:19:09+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 7, "body": "Shi Jin is a character in the novel Water Margin. Wikidata names him Shi Jin. The same materials also give the nickname Nine Dragons, the star name Tianweixing, and the other form Shi Dalang. None of those replaces the title. This entry calls him a Water Margin figure, sets the story in the Great Song, and records his birthplace as Huayin county. He is the first of the hundred and eight to appear.[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n\n## Shi manor\n\nHe is the son of Shi Taigong of Shi manor in Huayin county. Nine dragons are tattooed on his body, so he is called Nine Dragons, and his favorite weapon is a three-point, two-edge knife. His father hired many teachers. Li Zhong, the tiger-slaying general of Liangshan, was one of the early ones. Wang Jin, an instructor of the eight hundred thousand imperial guards at the eastern capital, offended Gao Qiu and fled the capital with his mother. He lodged at Shi manor, pointed out the gaps in Shi Jin's skill, and beat him easily in a bout. Shi Jin then took Wang Jin as his teacher. After several months Wang Jin said the teaching was complete. He would not involve the Shi family in his quarrel with Gao Qiu, and he left.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Shaohua Mountain\n\nChen Da, a chief of Shaohua Mountain, attacked Shi manor and was captured. His sworn brothers Zhu Wu and Yang Chun came to plead. Shi Jin released Chen Da, and the four became friends. A messenger later got drunk on the mountain path. The hunter Li Ji stole the reply and reported Shi Jin to the authorities for dealing with bandits. The troops sent to seize him were beaten off by Shi Jin and the manor men he had trained. After the officers were killed he left to find Wang Jin and could not. On the road he met Lu Zhishen and also Li Zhong, who was performing in the street. With Lu Zhishen he defeated Cui Daocheng and Qiu Xiaoyi, bandits pretending to be monks. After they parted, Shi Jin went back to Shaohua Mountain and became an outlaw.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Joining Liangshan\n\nWhen he heard that Wang Yi's daughter had been taken by force in marriage, he tried to save her and was captured alive. Lu Zhishen, newly arrived on Liangshan, went to rescue him and was captured too. Song Jiang disguised himself as Marshal Su and brought Lu Zhishen, Shi Jin, and Wang Yi out. Wang Yi's daughter had already killed herself. Shi Jin then took the Shaohua men up to Liangshan. At the attack on Dongping, because his old lover, the famous courtesan Li Ruilan, was in the city, he volunteered to enter as a spy and told her the whole plan. Afraid of the trouble, she informed the officials and he was arrested. He was beaten and did not confess. After Liangshan took the city and freed him, he killed Li Ruilan's whole household. When the seats were ranked he was Tianweixing, Nine Dragons, number twenty-three, immediately after Li Kui.[^zhwiki]\n\n## The end, and earlier lists\n\nAfter the amnesty he followed Song Jiang against Liao, Tian Hu, and Wang Qing. He fought Tian Hu's general Bian Xiang for thirty bouts without a winner. In the southern campaign against Fang La he took Runzhou and cut down Shen Gang, called the Pillar of Heaven, with one blow. At Yuling Pass in Muzhou he died under an arrow of Pang Wanchun, called the Little Yang Youji. Pang Wanchun was later captured, and his belly was opened and his heart taken out as a sacrifice to Shi Jin and six other generals. In earlier lists, Gong Kai's Eulogies of Song Jiang's Thirty-Six ranks him seventeenth, still as Nine Dragons, and the Anecdotes of the Xuanhe Reign ranks him fifth of the thirty-six. The article also says one account takes his model to be Shi Bin, a Shaanxi rebel of the early Southern Song who had once served under Song Jiang. The article lists screen performers. Those names are not copied out here.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Name: Shi Jin[^wikidata]\n- Nickname: Nine Dragons[^zhwiki]\n- Star name: Tianweixing[^wikidata]\n- Another form of address: Shi Dalang[^wikidata]\n- Birthplace recorded on this entry: Huayin county[^wikidata]\n- Setting recorded on this entry: Great Song[^wikidata]\n- Appears in: [[work_cn_q70827|Water Margin]][^zhwiki]", "url": "/people/shi-jin.html", "lang": "en", "sourceLang": "zh", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "disambiguation": "Character in Water Margin", "isFictional": true, "personCategory": "literary character" }, { "id": "person_cn_q858809", "type": "person", "title": "Guanqiu Dian", "slug": "guanqiu-dian", "aliases": [ "毌丘甸" ], "summary": "Guanqiu Dian (? – 255), Official of Cao Wei who rebelled.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q858809", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q858809" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "毌丘甸（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AF%8C%E4%B8%98%E7%94%B8" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:19:01+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 5, "body": "## Basic facts\n\n- Died: 255[^wikidata]\n\n## Portrayals\n\n- [[person_cn_q124638754|Guanqiu Dian]] (character in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms)", "url": "/people/guanqiu-dian.html", "lang": "en", "sourceLang": "zh", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "death": { "year": 255, "display": "255" }, "personCategory": "historical figure" }, { "id": "person_cn_q9753", "type": "person", "title": "Emperor Daizong of Tang", "slug": "emperor-daizong-tang", "aliases": [ "唐代宗" ], "summary": "Emperor Daizong of Tang (727 – 779), emperor of the Tang Dynasty.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q9753", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9753" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "唐代宗（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%94%90%E4%BB%A3%E5%AE%97" }, { "id": "zhengshi", "title": "新唐书/卷006（维基文库）", "url": "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%94%90%E6%9B%B8/%E5%8D%B7006" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:18:59+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 6, "body": "## Official history\n\nBiography in 新唐书/卷006[^zhengshi].\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Born: 727[^wikidata]\n- Died: 779[^wikidata]\n- Birthplace: [[place_luoyang|Luoyang]][^wikidata]", "url": "/people/emperor-daizong-tang.html", "lang": "en", "sourceLang": "zh", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "birth": { "year": 727, "display": "727" }, "death": { "year": 779, "display": "779" }, "personCategory": "historical figure" }, { "id": "person_cn_q855614", "type": "person", "title": "Duan Wei", "slug": "duan-wei", "aliases": [ "段煨" ], "summary": "Duan Wei (? – 209), a figure in Chinese history.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q855614", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q855614" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "段煨（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AE%B5%E7%85%A8" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:18:54+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 5, "body": "## Basic facts\n\n- Died: 209[^wikidata]\n\n## Portrayals\n\n- [[person_cn_q123751973|Duan Wei]] (character in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms)", "url": "/people/duan-wei.html", "lang": "en", "sourceLang": "zh", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "death": { "year": 209, "display": "209" }, "personCategory": "historical figure" }, { "id": "person_cn_q953807", "type": "person", "title": "Dong Cheng", "slug": "dong-cheng", "aliases": [ "董承" ], "summary": "Dong Cheng (? – 200), Chinese Eastern Han general (died 200).", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q953807", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q953807" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "董承（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%91%A3%E6%89%BF" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:18:54+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 6, "body": "## Basic facts\n\n- Died: 200[^wikidata]\n\n## Portrayals\n\n- [[person_cn_q123752045|Dong Cheng]] (character in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms)", "url": "/people/dong-cheng.html", "lang": "en", "sourceLang": "zh", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "death": { "year": 200, "display": "200" }, "personCategory": "historical figure" }, { "id": "person_cn_q953834", "type": "person", "title": "Gongsun Kang", "slug": "gongsun-kang", "aliases": [ "公孙康" ], "summary": "Gongsun Kang (? – 221), 3rd century Eastern Han dynasty warlord.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q953834", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q953834" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "公孙康（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E5%AD%AB%E5%BA%B7" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:18:53+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 6, "body": "## Basic facts\n\n- Died: 221[^wikidata]\n\n## Portrayals\n\n- [[person_cn_q124057225|Gongsun Kang]] (character in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms)", "url": "/people/gongsun-kang.html", "lang": "en", "sourceLang": "zh", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "death": { "year": 221, "display": "221" }, "personCategory": "historical figure" }, { "id": "person_cn_q855037", "type": "person", "title": "Yuan Wei", "slug": "yuan-wei", "aliases": [ "袁隗" ], "summary": "Yuan Wei (? – 190), Eastern Han Dynasty person CBDB = 135420.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q855037", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q855037" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "袁隗（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A2%81%E9%9A%97" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:18:52+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 6, "body": "## Basic facts\n\n- Died: 190[^wikidata]\n\n## Portrayals\n\n- [[person_cn_q123586945|Yuan Wei]] (character in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms)", "url": "/people/yuan-wei.html", "lang": "en", "sourceLang": "zh", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "death": { "year": 190, "display": "190" }, "personCategory": "historical figure" }, { "id": "person_cn_q847636", "type": "person", "title": "Sun Xiu", "slug": "sun-xiu", "aliases": [ "孙秀" ], "summary": "Sun Xiu (? – 302), a figure in Chinese history.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q847636", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q847636" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "孙秀 (东吴)（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AD%99%E7%A7%80_(%E4%B8%9C%E5%90%B4)" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:18:49+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 5, "body": "## Basic facts\n\n- Died: 302[^wikidata]\n\n## Portrayals\n\n- [[person_cn_q124738637|Sun Xiu]] (character in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms)", "url": "/people/sun-xiu.html", "lang": "en", "sourceLang": "zh", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "death": { "year": 302, "display": "302" }, "personCategory": "historical figure" }, { "id": "person_cn_q845107", "type": "person", "title": "Wan Yu", "slug": "wan-yu", "aliases": [ "万彧" ], "summary": "Wan Yu (? – 273), Chinese Eastern Wu state official (died 272).", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q845107", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q845107" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "万彧（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%90%AC%E5%BD%A7" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:18:47+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 5, "body": "## Basic facts\n\n- Died: 273[^wikidata]\n\n## Portrayals\n\n- [[person_cn_q124735571|Wan Yu]] (character in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms)", "url": "/people/wan-yu.html", "lang": "en", "sourceLang": "zh", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "death": { "year": 273, "display": "273" }, "personCategory": "historical figure" }, { "id": "person_cn_q953232", "type": "person", "title": "Yuan Xi", "slug": "yuan-xi", "aliases": [ "袁熙" ], "summary": "Yuan Xi (176 – 207), Chinese warlord Yuan Shao's second son (died 207).", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q953232", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q953232" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "袁熙（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A2%81%E7%86%99" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:18:47+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 5, "body": "## Basic facts\n\n- Born: 176[^wikidata]\n- Died: 207[^wikidata]\n\n## Portrayals\n\n- [[person_cn_q124041436|Yuan Xi]] (character in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms)", "url": "/people/yuan-xi.html", "lang": "en", "sourceLang": "zh", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "birth": { "year": 176, "display": "176" }, "death": { "year": 207, "display": "207" }, "personCategory": "historical figure" }, { "id": "person_cn_q911447", "type": "person", "title": "Han Zhong", "slug": "han-zhong", "aliases": [ "韩忠" ], "summary": "Han Zhong (? – 184), Rebel general in Yellow Turban uprising.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q911447", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q911447" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "韩忠 (黄巾军)（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9F%A9%E5%BF%A0_(%E9%BB%84%E5%B7%BE%E5%86%9B)" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:18:46+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 6, "body": "## Basic facts\n\n- Died: 184[^wikidata]\n\n## Portrayals\n\n- [[person_cn_q123584279|Han Zhong]] (character in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms)", "url": "/people/han-zhong.html", "lang": "en", "sourceLang": "zh", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "death": { "year": 184, "display": "184" }, "personCategory": "historical figure" }, { "id": "person_cn_q834579", "type": "person", "title": "Kong Shangren", "slug": "kong-shangren", "aliases": [ "孔尚任" ], "summary": "Kong Shangren (1648 – 1718), Chinese writer.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q834579", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q834579" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "孔尚任（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AD%94%E5%B0%9A%E4%BB%BB" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:18:44+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 6, "body": "## Basic facts\n\n- Born: 1648[^wikidata]\n- Died: 1718[^wikidata]\n- Birthplace: [[place_cn_370881|Qufu]][^wikidata]\n\n## Works\n\n- [[work_cn_q5359575|The Peach Blossom Fan]][^wikidata]", "url": "/people/kong-shangren.html", "lang": "en", "sourceLang": "zh", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "birth": { "year": 1648, "display": "1648" }, "death": { "year": 1718, "display": "1718" }, "personCategory": "historical figure" }, { "id": "person_cn_q832785", "type": "person", "title": "Lanling Xiaoxiao Sheng", "slug": "lanling-xiaoxiao-sheng", "aliases": [ "兰陵笑笑生" ], "summary": "Lanling Xiaoxiao Sheng (1530 – 1600), pseudonym of the author of Jin Ping Mei.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q832785", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q832785" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "兰陵笑笑生（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%B0%E9%99%B5%E7%AC%91%E7%AC%91%E7%94%9F" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:18:43+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 5, "body": "## Basic facts\n\n- Born: 1530[^wikidata]\n- Died: 1600[^wikidata]\n\n## Works\n\n- [[work_cn_q753535|Jin Ping Mei]][^wikidata]", "url": "/people/lanling-xiaoxiao-sheng.html", "lang": "en", "sourceLang": "zh", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "birth": { "year": 1530, "display": "1530" }, "death": { "year": 1600, "display": "1600" }, "personCategory": "historical figure" }, { "id": "person_cn_q911256", "type": "person", "title": "Li Kan", "slug": "li-kan", "aliases": [ "李堪" ], "summary": "Li Kan (? – 211), officer killed in the Battle of Tong Pass.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q911256", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q911256" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "李堪 (东汉)（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E5%A0%AA_(%E4%B8%9C%E6%B1%89)" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:18:43+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 6, "body": "## Basic facts\n\n- Died: 211[^wikidata]\n\n## Portrayals\n\n- [[person_cn_q124328435|Li Kan]] (character in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms)", "url": "/people/li-kan.html", "lang": "en", "sourceLang": "zh", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "death": { "year": 211, "display": "211" }, "personCategory": "historical figure" }, { "id": "person_cn_q9994", "type": "person", "title": "Hongzhi Emperor", "slug": "hongzhi-emperor", "aliases": [ "明孝宗" ], "summary": "Hongzhi Emperor (1470 – 1505), 10th emperor of the Ming Dynasty (1470–1505).", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q9994", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9994" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "明孝宗（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E5%AD%9D%E5%AE%97" }, { "id": "zhengshi", "title": "明史卷十五（维基文库）", "url": "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E5%8F%B2/%E5%8D%B715" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:18:39+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 6, "body": "## Official history\n\nBiography in 明史卷十五[^zhengshi].\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Born: 1470[^wikidata]\n- Died: 1505[^wikidata]\n- Birthplace: [[place_beijing|Beijing]][^wikidata]", "url": "/people/hongzhi-emperor.html", "lang": "en", "sourceLang": "zh", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "birth": { "year": 1470, "display": "1470" }, "death": { "year": 1505, "display": "1505" }, "personCategory": "historical figure" }, { "id": "person_cn_q8059961", "type": "person", "title": "Yu Quan", "slug": "yu-quan", "aliases": [ "于诠" ], "summary": "Yu Quan (? – 258), military general of Eastern Wu during the Three Kingdoms period of Chinese history.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q8059961", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8059961" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "于诠（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%8E%E8%AF%A0" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:18:38+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 5, "body": "## Basic facts\n\n- Died: 258[^wikidata]\n\n## Portrayals\n\n- [[person_cn_q124653830|Yu Quan]] (character in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms)", "url": "/people/yu-quan.html", "lang": "en", "sourceLang": "zh", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "death": { "year": 258, "display": "258" }, "personCategory": "historical figure" }, { "id": "person_cn_q9073854", "type": "person", "title": "Yang Chunxia", "slug": "yang-chunxia", "aliases": [ "杨春霞" ], "summary": "Yang Chunxia (1943 – ?), Chinese actress.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q9073854", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9073854" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "杨春霞（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A5%8A%E6%98%A5%E9%9C%9E" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:18:38+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 5, "body": "## Basic facts\n\n- Born: 1943[^wikidata]\n\n## Portrayals\n\n- [[person_cnv_q9073854_q70784|Yang Chunxia]] (character in Journey to the West)", "url": "/people/yang-chunxia.html", "lang": "en", "sourceLang": "zh", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "birth": { "year": 1943, "display": "1943" }, "personCategory": "historical figure" }, { "id": "person_cn_q910840", "type": "person", "title": "Guan Hai", "slug": "guan-hai", "aliases": [ "管亥" ], "summary": "Guan Hai (? – 193), Chinese rebel.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q910840", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q910840" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "管亥（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AE%A1%E4%BA%A5" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:18:38+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 5, "body": "## Basic facts\n\n- Died: 193[^wikidata]\n\n## Portrayals\n\n- [[person_cn_q123733824|Guan Hai]] (character in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms)", "url": "/people/guan-hai.html", "lang": "en", "sourceLang": "zh", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "death": { "year": 193, "display": "193" }, "personCategory": "historical figure" }, { "id": "person_cn_q875383", "type": "person", "title": "Quan Shang", "slug": "quan-shang", "aliases": [ "全尚" ], "summary": "Quan Shang (? – 258), politician.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q875383", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875383" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "全尚（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E5%B0%9A" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:18:32+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 5, "body": "## Basic facts\n\n- Died: 258[^wikidata]\n\n## Portrayals\n\n- [[person_cn_q124661836|Quan Shang]] (character in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms)", "url": "/people/quan-shang.html", "lang": "en", "sourceLang": "zh", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "death": { "year": 258, "display": "258" }, "personCategory": "historical figure" }, { "id": "person_cn_q9983", "type": "person", "title": "Zhengtong Emperor", "slug": "zhengtong-emperor", "aliases": [ "明英宗" ], "summary": "Zhengtong Emperor (1427 – 1464), emperor of the Ming Dynasty.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q9983", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9983" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "明英宗（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E8%8B%B1%E5%AE%97" }, { "id": "zhengshi", "title": "明史卷十（维基文库）", "url": "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E5%8F%B2/%E5%8D%B710" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:18:32+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 6, "body": "## Official history\n\nBiography in 明史卷十[^zhengshi].\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Born: 1427[^wikidata]\n- Died: 1464[^wikidata]\n- Birthplace: [[place_beijing|Beijing]][^wikidata]", "url": "/people/zhengtong-emperor.html", "lang": "en", "sourceLang": "zh", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "birth": { "year": 1427, "display": "1427" }, "death": { "year": 1464, "display": "1464" }, "personCategory": "historical figure" }, { "id": "person_cn_q9988", "type": "person", "title": "Jingtai Emperor", "slug": "jingtai-emperor", "aliases": [ "景泰帝" ], "summary": "Jingtai Emperor (1428 – 1457), emperor of the Ming Dynasty.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q9988", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9988" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "景泰帝（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%99%AF%E6%B3%B0%E5%B8%9D" }, { "id": "zhengshi", "title": "明史卷十一（维基文库）", "url": "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E5%8F%B2/%E5%8D%B711" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:18:31+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 6, "body": "## Official history\n\nBiography in 明史卷十一[^zhengshi].\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Born: 1428[^wikidata]\n- Died: 1457[^wikidata]\n- Birthplace: [[place_beijing|Beijing]][^wikidata]", "url": "/people/jingtai-emperor.html", "lang": "en", "sourceLang": "zh", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "birth": { "year": 1428, "display": "1428" }, "death": { "year": 1457, "display": "1457" }, "personCategory": "historical figure" }, { "id": "person_cn_q902466", "type": "person", "title": "Feng Xu", "slug": "feng-xu", "aliases": [ "封谞" ], "summary": "Feng Xu, eunuch who served Emperor Ling of Han.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q902466", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902466" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "封谞（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B0%81%E8%AB%9D" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:18:28+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 6, "body": "## Portrayals\n\n- [[person_cn_q123576156|Feng Xu]] (character in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms)", "url": "/people/feng-xu.html", "lang": "en", "sourceLang": "zh", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "personCategory": "historical figure" }, { "id": "person_cn_q9961", "type": "person", "title": "Jianwen Emperor", "slug": "jianwen-emperor", "aliases": [ "建文帝" ], "summary": "Jianwen Emperor (1377 – 1402), emperor of China from 1398 to 1402.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q9961", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9961" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "建文帝（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BB%BA%E6%96%87%E5%B8%9D" }, { "id": "zhengshi", "title": "明史卷四（维基文库）", "url": "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E5%8F%B2/%E5%8D%B74" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:18:24+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 6, "body": "## Official history\n\nBiography in 明史卷四[^zhengshi].\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Born: 1377[^wikidata]\n- Died: 1402[^wikidata]\n- Birthplace: [[place_nanjing|Nanjing]][^wikidata]", "url": "/people/jianwen-emperor.html", "lang": "en", "sourceLang": "zh", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "birth": { "year": 1377, "display": "1377" }, "death": { "year": 1402, "display": "1402" }, "personCategory": "historical figure" }, { "id": "person_cn_q9977", "type": "person", "title": "Xuande Emperor", "slug": "xuande-emperor", "aliases": [ "明宣宗" ], "summary": "Xuande Emperor (1399 – 1435), emperor of the Ming Dynasty (1399-1435).", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q9977", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9977" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "明宣宗（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E5%AE%A3%E5%AE%97" }, { "id": "zhengshi", "title": "明史卷九（维基文库）", "url": "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E5%8F%B2/%E5%8D%B79" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:18:24+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 6, "body": "## Official history\n\nBiography in 明史卷九[^zhengshi].\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Born: 1399[^wikidata]\n- Died: 1435[^wikidata]\n- Birthplace: [[place_beijing|Beijing]][^wikidata]", "url": "/people/xuande-emperor.html", "lang": "en", "sourceLang": "zh", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "birth": { "year": 1399, "display": "1399" }, "death": { "year": 1435, "display": "1435" }, "personCategory": "historical figure" }, { "id": "person_cn_q9972", "type": "person", "title": "Hongxi Emperor", "slug": "hongxi-emperor", "aliases": [ "明仁宗" ], "summary": "Hongxi Emperor (1378 – 1425), emperor of the Ming Dynasty from 1424 to 1425.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q9972", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9972" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "明仁宗（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E4%BB%81%E5%AE%97" }, { "id": "zhengshi", "title": "明史卷八（维基文库）", "url": "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E5%8F%B2/%E5%8D%B78" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:18:23+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 6, "body": "## Official history\n\nBiography in 明史卷八[^zhengshi].\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Born: 1378[^wikidata]\n- Died: 1425[^wikidata]\n- Birthplace: [[place_beijing|Beijing]][^wikidata]", "url": "/people/hongxi-emperor.html", "lang": "en", "sourceLang": "zh", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "birth": { "year": 1378, "display": "1378" }, "death": { "year": 1425, "display": "1425" }, "personCategory": "historical figure" }, { "id": "person_cn_q10350634", "type": "person", "title": "Liu Xianglian", "slug": "liu-xianglian", "aliases": [ "柳湘莲" ], "summary": "Liu Xianglian is a young man of a hereditary family in Dream of the Red Chamber, nicknamed the Cold Gentleman and a friend of Jia Baoyu. He agreed to marry You Sanjie, broke it off after a rumor, and left with a Daoist after she killed herself.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-literature", "category-people", "category-fictional-characters" ], "tags": [ "tag-fictional-character", "tag-classics", "tag-four-great-classics" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q10350634", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10350634" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "柳湘莲（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9F%B3%E6%B9%98%E8%8E%B2" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:18:17+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 7, "body": "Liu Xianglian is a character in Dream of the Red Chamber. Wikidata uses Liu Xianglian as his name. Cold Gentleman and Second Master Liu are nicknames, so the title stays Liu Xianglian.[^wikidata]\n\n## In the novel\n\nThe cited Chinese Wikipedia says he comes from a hereditary family, lost his parents early, and did not finish his studies. He is handsome and fond of acting, especially the romantic young-male and female roles, and is often mistaken for a professional actor. His nickname is the Cold Gentleman. He is Jia Baoyu's friend and the husband You Sanjie chose for herself. Xue Pan once pressed him with advances and Liu beat him badly. Later, on the road at Ping'an, Liu rescued Xue Pan from bandits. After Jia Lian proposed the match, Liu agreed to marry You Sanjie and gave the mandarin-duck swords as a betrothal gift. He then asked Baoyu about her character, regretted the engagement, and wanted the swords back. You Sanjie killed herself. Liu afterwards followed a Daoist and disappeared. Xue Baoqin's verse contains the line about being beside the willow rather than the plum, and the redologist Zhou Ruchang took that to mean Baoqin and Liu Xianglian eventually marry.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Name: Liu Xianglian[^wikidata]\n- Description: a character in Dream of the Red Chamber[^wikidata]\n- Occupation recorded on this entry: amateur actor[^wikidata]\n- Appears in: [[work_cn_q8265|Dream of the Red Chamber]]", "url": "/people/liu-xianglian.html", "lang": "en", "sourceLang": "zh", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "disambiguation": "Character in Dream of the Red Chamber", "isFictional": true, "personCategory": "literary character" }, { "id": "person_cn_q10423836", "type": "person", "title": "Zhen Baoyu", "slug": "zhen-baoyu", "aliases": [ "甄宝玉" ], "summary": "Zhen Baoyu, in Dream of the Red Chamber, is the son of Zhen Yingjia. He shares Jia Baoyu's name and is one year younger. He does not appear in the first eighty chapters. The cited article also says he later turned to an official career and parted from Jia Baoyu on bad terms.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-literature", "category-people", "category-fictional-characters" ], "tags": [ "tag-fictional-character", "tag-classics", "tag-four-great-classics" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q10423836", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10423836" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "甄宝玉（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%94%84%E5%AE%9D%E7%8E%89" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:18:14+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 7, "body": "Zhen Baoyu is a character in the novel Dream of the Red Chamber. Wikidata names him Zhen Baoyu, so the title stays that personal name.[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n\n## Family\n\nHe is the son of Zhen Yingjia, president of the Tiren yuan in Jinling province. He has the same given name as Jia Baoyu, looks and temperament much like him, and is one year younger. The surnames Zhen and Jia are used to set the true against the false. The Zhen house is as eminent as the Jia house: its ancestors received the imperial visit four times, and the two families are both old kin and hereditary friends.[^zhwiki]\n\n## What the first eighty chapters say\n\nIn the first eighty chapters Zhen Baoyu never comes on stage. People in the Jia house only talk about him. They say he was unruly as a child and skipped school every day, and that he would study only with two girls beside him. He held the word daughter to be the most honored and the most pure, rarer than auspicious beasts or rare plants. When his father beat him past endurance he cried out sister at random. Jia Baoyu met him in a dream and kept expecting him. When Zhen Baoyu was four, Jia Yucun came as the family tutor and resigned because he could not bear the grandmother's spoiling. The article says the same Jia Yucun also began Lin Daiyu's lessons. At fourteen the Zhen house was raided, and Zhen Baoyu, like Jia Baoyu, dreamed of the Land of Illusion. The article lists these mentions of the Zhen family in the first eighty chapters: Jia Yucun speaks of the Jiangnan Zhen house while Leng Zixing describes the Rongguo house; Xifeng reports a gift from the Zhen house; Nanny Zhao tells of four imperial receptions; the Zhen house comes to the capital to pay respects and the Zhen lady is received; five hundred taels of funeral silver arrive after Jia Jing's death; a screen arrives for the Lady Dowager's birthday; during the search of the garden Tanchun says the household was discussing the raid on the Zhen house that morning; Madam You reads in the gazette that the Zhen house is guilty; Lady Wang tells the Lady Dowager of the confiscation and the summons to the capital for punishment.[^zhwiki]\n\n## The later account in the article\n\nThe article says that after waking he put away his childhood mischief, set his mind on rank, and studied in earnest. At eighteen he met Jia Baoyu. Jia Baoyu thought him bent on office, a parasite of salary, and they parted on bad terms. Zhen Baoyu later passed the provincial examination. When he heard from Jia Lan that Jia Baoyu had wandered off in a daze, he sighed and tried to comfort the family. In the tenth month Jia Baoyu took leave of Jia Zheng and returned to the Green Ridge Peak. Zhen Baoyu stayed in the ordinary world, married Li Qi, a cousin of Li Wan, and meant to restore the house through the examinations.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Name: Zhen Baoyu[^wikidata]\n- Description: a character in Dream of the Red Chamber[^wikidata]\n- Appears in: [[work_cn_q8265|Dream of the Red Chamber]][^zhwiki]", "url": "/people/zhen-baoyu.html", "lang": "en", "sourceLang": "zh", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "disambiguation": "Character in Dream of the Red Chamber", "isFictional": true, "personCategory": "literary character" }, { "id": "person_cn_q1039216", "type": "person", "title": "Xiahou Xuan", "slug": "xiahou-xuan", "aliases": [ "夏侯玄" ], "summary": "Xiahou Xuan (209–254), courtesy name Taichu, was a leading Cao Wei official and the son of Xiahou Shang. In 254 he was executed after Li Feng's plot to make him regent, and he did not change color at the execution.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q1039216", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1039216" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "夏侯玄（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%8F%E4%BE%AF%E7%8E%84" }, { "id": "zhengshi", "title": "三国志·卷09（维基文库）", "url": "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%9C%8B%E5%BF%97/%E5%8D%B709" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:18:12+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 7, "body": "Xiahou Xuan was a leading official of Cao Wei. Wikidata uses Xiahou Xuan as his name. The Records of the Three Kingdoms say his courtesy name was Taichu and that he was the son of Xiahou Shang, so the title stays the personal name. This entry records his life as 209 to 254.[^wikidata][^zhengshi]\n\n## Early career\n\nHe was famous young and, just after capping, became a mounted gentleman attendant of the yellow gate. Once, at an audience, he was seated with Mao Zeng, the empress's brother. He felt ashamed and did not hide it. Emperor Ming resented this and demoted him to supervisor of the feathered forest. At the start of Zhengshi, Cao Shuang held the regency. Xiahou Xuan was the son of Cao Shuang's paternal aunt and rose to mounted attendant and capital guard. He sent the grand tutor Sima Yi three discussions of the time: separating selection of officials from local reputation and from the secretariat's assessment, simplifying local posts and inspection, and reforming dress so as to check luxury. Sima Yi replied that the proposals were excellent but hard to impose on settled habit, and should wait for an able man. Xiahou Xuan wrote back that the moment to change was not a moment to wait.[^zhengshi]\n\n## The western command and the fall\n\nHe was soon made general who campaigns in the west, with credentials to supervise military affairs in Yong and Liang provinces. With Cao Shuang he launched the campaign through Luogu, and contemporaries mocked it. After Cao Shuang was killed, Xiahou Xuan was summoned as grand herald and, some years later, moved to the ministry of ceremonies. He was unhappy at the suppression of Cao Shuang's party. Li Feng, director of the secretariat, outwardly close to Sima Shi, privately joined the empress's father Zhang Ji and planned to make Xiahou Xuan regent. In the second month of the sixth year of Jiaping they meant to kill the general-in-chief when a noble lady was received and the palace gates were under restricted troops, and to put Xiahou Xuan in his place. Sima Shi heard something of the plot, summoned Li Feng, and killed him when he came unaware. Xiahou Xuan, Zhang Ji, Su Shuo, Yue Dun and Liu Xian were sent to the commandant of justice.[^zhengshi]\n\n## Execution\n\nThe Records say his capacity was broad. When he was taken to the eastern market for execution his color did not change and his movements stayed composed. He was forty-six. In the Zhengyuan era the heirs of meritorious officials were restored, and Xiahou Ben, a junior descendant of Xiahou Shang, was made Marquis of Changling so as to continue Xiahou Shang's sacrifices.[^zhengshi]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Name: Xiahou Xuan[^zhengshi]\n- Courtesy name: Taichu[^zhengshi]\n- Dates recorded on this entry: 209–254[^wikidata]\n- Realm: Cao Wei[^wikidata]\n- Occupation recorded on this entry: political figure[^wikidata]\n- Portrayal: [[person_cn_q124635133|Xiahou Xuan]] (a character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms)", "url": "/people/xiahou-xuan.html", "lang": "en", "sourceLang": "zh", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "birth": { "year": 209, "display": "209" }, "death": { "year": 254, "display": "254" }, "personCategory": "historical figure" }, { "id": "person_cn_q1041894", "type": "person", "title": "Yan Gang", "slug": "yan-gang", "aliases": [ "严纲" ], "summary": "Yan Gang (died 192) was an officer of Gongsun Zan at the end of the Eastern Han and was made inspector of Ji province. At the battle of Jieqiao he led the cavalry vanguard and was killed by Qu Yi on Yuan Shao's side.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q1041894", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1041894" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "严纲（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9A%B4%E7%B6%B1" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:18:11+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 7, "body": "Yan Gang was a commander at the end of the Eastern Han. Wikidata's simplified Chinese label is Yan Gang, and the English label is Yan Gang, so the title stays the personal name. He served Gongsun Zan and was made inspector of Ji province. This entry dates his death to 192 and records his realm as China.[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n\n## Jieqiao\n\nAt the battle of Jieqiao he led a picked cavalry vanguard. Yuan Shao sent Qu Yi forward with eight hundred picked men and, according to the article, a thousand strong crossbows on the two flanks. Gongsun Zan thought the enemy few and ordered a cavalry charge. Qu Yi's men covered themselves with shields and did not move. When the lines were less than a dozen paces apart, the crossbows fired together and Gongsun Zan's army broke. Qu Yi killed Yan Gang, and Qu Yi's men cut down more than a thousand others.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Name: Yan Gang[^wikidata]\n- Death year recorded on this entry: 192[^wikidata]\n- Realm: this entry says China; the article places him under Gongsun Zan at the end of the Eastern Han[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n- Portrayal: [[person_cn_q123679934|Yan Gang]] (a character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms)", "url": "/people/yan-gang.html", "lang": "en", "sourceLang": "zh", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "death": { "year": 192, "display": "192" }, "personCategory": "historical figure" }, { "id": "person_cn_q1041556", "type": "person", "title": "Xiahou Jie", "slug": "xiahou-jie", "aliases": [ "夏侯杰" ], "summary": "Xiahou Jie is a commander beside Cao Cao in Romance of the Three Kingdoms. In chapter 42, at Changban, Zhang Fei's roar frightens him off his horse and he dies. This entry dates his death to 208. Some Ming editions write the name as Xiahou Ba.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-literature", "category-people", "category-fictional-characters" ], "tags": [ "tag-fictional-character", "tag-classics", "tag-four-great-classics" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q1041556", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1041556" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "夏侯杰（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%8F%E4%BE%AF%E6%9D%B0" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:18:09+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 7, "body": "Xiahou Jie is a character in the novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Wikidata's simplified Chinese label is Xiahou Jie, and the English label is the same. The cited article says the Jiajing renwu edition, the Ye Fengchun edition, the Zhou Yuejiao edition, and the Huang Zhengfu edition write this man as Xiahou Ba, the same name as Xiahou Yuan's second son. Both forms appear, so the title stays Xiahou Jie.[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n\n## Changban\n\nIn the novel he is a commander in Cao Cao's personal retinue. In chapter 42, at the battle of Changban, Zhang Fei gives a great shout. Xiahou Jie is frightened to death and falls from his horse. This entry records the year of death as 208.[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n\n## A later game\n\nThe arcade game Tenchi wo Kurau II makes Xiahou Jie, together with Yan Ming, the boss of stage 6, Changban Bridge. The article treats that fighting figure as far stronger than the man who dies of a shout in the novel.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Name: Xiahou Jie[^wikidata]\n- Death year recorded on this entry: 208[^wikidata]\n- Role: one of Cao Cao's commanders; this entry records him as an officer[^wikidata]\n- Setting recorded on this entry: Han[^wikidata]\n- Appears in: [[work_cn_q70806|Romance of the Three Kingdoms]][^zhwiki]", "url": "/people/xiahou-jie.html", "lang": "en", "sourceLang": "zh", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "death": { "year": 208, "display": "208" }, "disambiguation": "Character in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms", "isFictional": true, "personCategory": "literary character" }, { "id": "person_cn_q10402754", "type": "person", "title": "Jiao Da", "slug": "jiao-da", "aliases": [ "焦大" ], "summary": "Jiao Da is an old servant of the Ningguo house in Dream of the Red Chamber. He once followed Duke Ning, Jia Yan, on campaign, and in chapter 7 he got drunk and shouted abuse at the household.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-literature", "category-people", "category-fictional-characters" ], "tags": [ "tag-fictional-character", "tag-classics", "tag-four-great-classics" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q10402754", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10402754" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "焦大（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%84%A6%E5%A4%A7" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:18:07+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 7, "body": "Jiao Da is a character in the novel Dream of the Red Chamber. Wikidata names him Jiao Da, so the title stays that personal name. The entry lists him as a servant of the Ningguo house.[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n\n## Early service\n\nHe was an old servant of the Ningguo house. As a young man he went on campaign several times with Duke Ning, Jia Yan. Once, when his master was near death, Jiao Da carried him out of a heap of corpses. When food ran out he went hungry himself and stole something for his master. When water ran out he left the remaining half bowl for his master and drank horse urine. Because of that old service, later masters treated him with some indulgence and rarely pressed him.[^zhwiki]\n\n## The denunciation\n\nHe hated the wasteful life of the younger Ning household. In chapter 7 he got drunk and, without regard for taboo, shouted his accusations in public.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Name: Jiao Da[^wikidata]\n- Role: male servant of the Ningguo house; this entry records him as a servant[^wikidata]\n- Setting recorded on this entry: the dynasty of the novel[^wikidata]\n- Appears in: [[work_cn_q8265|Dream of the Red Chamber]][^zhwiki]", "url": "/people/jiao-da.html", "lang": "en", "sourceLang": "zh", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "disambiguation": "Character in Dream of the Red Chamber", "isFictional": true, "personCategory": "literary character" }, { "id": "person_cn_q1038434", "type": "person", "title": "Wei Dingguo", "slug": "wei-dingguo", "aliases": [ "魏定国" ], "summary": "Wei Dingguo is the militia commander of Lingzhou in Water Margin, called the Divine Fire General. He defended Daming, later joined Liangshan, and died in an ambush during the campaign against Fang La.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-literature", "category-people", "category-fictional-characters" ], "tags": [ "tag-fictional-character", "tag-classics", "tag-four-great-classics" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q1038434", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1038434" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "魏定国（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%AD%8F%E5%AE%9A%E5%9C%8B" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:18:06+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 7, "body": "Wei Dingguo is a character in Water Margin. Wikidata uses Wei Dingguo as his name. Divine Fire General is a nickname and Earth-fierce Star is a star name, so the title stays the personal name.[^wikidata]\n\n## In the novel\n\nThe cited Chinese Wikipedia says he is from Lingzhou, skilled in fire attack, and fights with fire weapons. He is called the Divine Fire General. He has eyes like bright stars, a round face and a tiger beard, and he dresses in red, with a red-bronze spear and a red horse, set against Shan Tinggui's black equipment. After Liangshan took Daming, Cai Jing recommended him and Shan Tinggui against the outlaws. In the first battle the two generals captured Xuan Zan and Hao Siwen. After Guan Sheng brought Shan Tinggui over, their combined force besieged Wei Dingguo in Lingzhou. With no way back, and with Guan Sheng coming in person to urge surrender, Wei Dingguo joined Liangshan. Later he followed Lu Junyi against Fang La's Shezhou. Seeing no banners and no soldiers on the wall, he and Shan Tinggui raced for the credit. They did not see the trap, fell with their horses into a pit, and were killed by the ambush.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Name: Wei Dingguo[^wikidata]\n- Nickname: Divine Fire General[^zhwiki]\n- Description: a character in Water Margin[^wikidata]\n- Occupation recorded on this entry: military officer[^wikidata]\n- Appears in: [[work_cn_q70827|Water Margin]]", "url": "/people/wei-dingguo.html", "lang": "en", "sourceLang": "zh", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "disambiguation": "Character in Water Margin", "isFictional": true, "personCategory": "literary character" }, { "id": "person_cn_q1038409", "type": "person", "title": "Wu Yong", "slug": "wu-yong", "aliases": [ "吴用" ], "summary": "Wu Yong (died 1124), courtesy name Xuejiu and nicknamed the Star of Wisdom, is the Liangshan strategist in Water Margin. He is from Dongxi village in Yuncheng county, Jizhou.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-literature", "category-people", "category-fictional-characters" ], "tags": [ "tag-fictional-character", "tag-classics", "tag-four-great-classics" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q1038409", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1038409" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "吴用（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%90%B4%E7%94%A8" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:18:02+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 7, "body": "Wu Yong is a character in Water Margin. Wikidata uses Wu Yong as his name. The cited Chinese Wikipedia gives his courtesy name as Xuejiu, his Daoist name as Master Jialiang, and his nickname as the Star of Wisdom, so the title stays the personal name. This entry records his death in 1124.[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n\n## Origins\n\nHe is from Dongxi village in Yuncheng county, Jizhou, Shandong. He and Chao Gai had been friends since childhood, and his companions respectfully called him Scholar Wu. He had worked as a tutor in wealthy households. The page says he was learned in military stratagems, clear-browed and fair, with a long beard, and skilled with a pair of bronze chains.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Liangshan\n\nHe later planned the seizure, by Chao Gai and others, of the hundred thousand strings of birthday tribute that Governor Liang was sending to Cai Jing. Warned by Song Jiang, they reached Liangshan before the pursuit. After arriving, Wu Yong provoked Lin Chong into killing Wang Lun and setting Chao Gai up as chief. Wu Yong himself became Liangshan's chief strategist, and both civil and military business passed through his hands. When the band attacked Gaotang and Gao Lian's sorcery could not be broken, he sent Li Kui and Dai Zong to fetch the recluse Gongsun Sheng, who defeated Gao Lian with the orthodox rite of the five thunders. After the amnesty he advised Song Jiang and Lu Junyi in the campaigns against Liao, Tian Hu, Wang Qing and Fang La, and was made martial-integrity general and Chengxuan commissioner of Wusheng army.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Death\n\nIn a dream he learned that Song Jiang had been murdered. Unable to repay that bond, he and Hua Rong hanged themselves before Song Jiang's grave at Liao'erwa outside the south gate of Chuzhou, and were buried beside the tomb.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Name: Wu Yong[^wikidata]\n- Courtesy name: Xuejiu[^zhwiki]\n- Nickname: Star of Wisdom[^zhwiki]\n- Description: a character in Water Margin[^wikidata]\n- Birthplace: [[place_cn_371725|Yuncheng County]][^wikidata]\n- Death recorded on this entry: 1124[^wikidata]\n- Occupation recorded on this entry: teacher[^wikidata]\n- Appears in: [[work_cn_q70827|Water Margin]]", "url": "/people/wu-yong.html", "lang": "en", "sourceLang": "zh", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "death": { "year": 1124, "display": "1124" }, "disambiguation": "Character in Water Margin", "isFictional": true, "personCategory": "literary character" }, { "id": "person_cn_q10065", "type": "person", "title": "Zhu Changluo", "slug": "taichang-emperor", "aliases": [ "明光宗" ], "summary": "Zhu Changluo (1582–26 September 1620) was the fourteenth emperor of the Ming dynasty. His temple name was Guangzong and his era name was Taichang. He reigned for one month.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q10065", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10065" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "明光宗（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E5%85%89%E5%AE%97" }, { "id": "zhengshi", "title": "明史卷二十一（维基文库）", "url": "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E5%8F%B2/%E5%8D%B721" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:17:59+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 7, "body": "Zhu Changluo was a Ming emperor. His temple name was Guangzong and his era name was Taichang. This entry records his birth in 1582 and his death on 26 September 1620.[^wikidata] The simplified Chinese Wikidata alias is Zhu Changluo, distinct from the temple name Guangzong. The passage read in juan 21 of the Ming History calls him the heir apparent and, after accession, Guangzong. It does not spell out a taboo personal name.[^zhengshi][^wikidata]\n\n## Accession\n\nThe Ming History says the Wanli Emperor died in the seventh month of his forty-eighth year. On the dingyou day the heir, following the testament, issued a million taels to reward the frontier, abolished the mining and commercial taxes, and restored officials who had been punished for remonstrance. On the jihai day another million taels were issued for the frontier. On the first day of the eighth month, bingwu, he took the throne, proclaimed an amnesty, named the next year the first of Taichang, and remitted taxes in provinces hit by disaster. Liaodong suffered a great drought. On the gengshen day the Yellow River at Lanzhou ran clear for three days. In that month Shi Jikai, Shen Que, He Zongyan, Liu Yijing, Han Kuang and Zhu Guozuo entered the grand secretariat, and Ye Xianggao was summoned.[^zhengshi]\n\n## Death\n\nOn the bingyin day the emperor was ill. On the wuchen day he received the Duke of Yingguo, Zhang Weixian, Grand Secretary Fang Congzhe and eleven others at the Qianqing Palace, and had his eldest son come out to see them. On the jiaxu day he was dying and again summoned Fang Congzhe and the others to receive his last charge. That same day Li Kezhuo of the Court of State Ceremonial presented a red pill. He died in the Qianqing Palace on the first day of the ninth month, yihai, after one month on the throne, at the age of thirty-nine. After the Tianqi Emperor succeeded, the court decided that the time from the eighth month of the forty-eighth year of Wanli would be called the first year of Taichang. In the tenth month he received his posthumous title and the temple name Guangzong, and was buried at the Qingling.[^zhengshi]\n\nThe historian's comment at the end of the juan says Guangzong's virtue had long been known and the realm had looked to him, but he reigned only a month, his measures were never carried out, and the struggles over the three cases made the factional disaster worse.[^zhengshi]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Name: Zhu Changluo[^wikidata]\n- Temple name: Guangzong[^zhengshi]\n- Era name: Taichang[^zhengshi]\n- Place in the dynasty: fourteenth Ming emperor[^wikidata]\n- Realm: Ming[^wikidata]\n- Birthplace: [[place_beijing|Beijing]][^wikidata]", "url": "/people/taichang-emperor.html", "lang": "en", "sourceLang": "zh", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "birth": { "year": 1582, "display": "1582" }, "death": { "year": 1620, "month": 9, "day": 26, "display": "26 September 1620" }, "personCategory": "historical figure" }, { "id": "person_cn_q1038371", "type": "person", "title": "Jinhuan Sanjie", "slug": "jinhuan-sanjie", "aliases": [ "金环三结" ], "summary": "Jinhuan Sanjie (died 225) is a fictional officer of Meng Huo in Romance of the Three Kingdoms, from the five southern streams. He was killed by Zhao Yun during the southern campaign.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-literature", "category-people", "category-fictional-characters" ], "tags": [ "tag-fictional-character", "tag-classics", "tag-four-great-classics" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q1038371", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1038371" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "金环三结（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%87%91%E7%92%B0%E4%B8%89%E7%B5%90" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:17:57+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 7, "body": "Jinhuan Sanjie is a fictional character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Wikidata uses this name and describes him as an officer under Meng Huo. The cited Chinese Wikipedia uses the same name and gives no other personal name, so the title stays Jinhuan Sanjie. This entry records his death in 225.[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n\n## In the novel\n\nThe page says he is a man of the five streams of the southern Man and the commander of the first cave under Meng Huo, king of the southern Man. With his colleagues Dongtuna and Ahuinan he guarded the Man camp at the five streams against the Shu army marching south. Wei Yan and Zhao Yun, following Zhuge Liang's plan to provoke them, raided the camp, and he was caught unprepared. He met Zhao Yun in the fight and was killed in a single bout, his head taken. The episode is in chapter 87.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Name: Jinhuan Sanjie[^wikidata]\n- Description: fictional character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms, an officer under Meng Huo[^wikidata]\n- Death recorded on this entry: 225[^wikidata]\n- Occupation recorded on this entry: military commander[^wikidata]\n- Appears in: [[work_cn_q70806|Romance of the Three Kingdoms]]", "url": "/people/jinhuan-sanjie.html", "lang": "en", "sourceLang": "zh", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "death": { "year": 225, "display": "225" }, "disambiguation": "Character in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms", "isFictional": true, "personCategory": "literary character" }, { "id": "person_cn_q10059", "type": "person", "title": "Zhu Zaihou", "slug": "longqing-emperor", "aliases": [ "明穆宗" ], "summary": "Zhu Zaihou (1537–1572) was the twelfth emperor of the Ming dynasty. His temple name was Muzong and his era name was Longqing.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q10059", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10059" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "明穆宗（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E7%A9%86%E5%AE%97" }, { "id": "zhengshi", "title": "明史卷十九（维基文库）", "url": "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E5%8F%B2/%E5%8D%B719" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:17:56+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 7, "body": "Zhu Zaihou was a Ming emperor. His temple name was Muzong and his era name was Longqing. This entry records his birth in 1537 and his death in 1572.[^wikidata] Juan 19 of the Ming History gives his personal name as Zaihou, and the cited Wikidata aliases give the full name Zhu Zaihou, surname Zhu, with the English form Zhu Zaihou.[^zhengshi][^wikidata]\n\n## Prince of Yu\n\nThe Ming History says he was the third son of the Jiajing Emperor, and his mother was Consort Du, titled Kang. In the second month of the eighteenth year of Jiajing he was made Prince of Yu, invested on the same day as the heir apparent Zhuangjing and the Prince of Jing. After Zhuangjing died, the emperor regarded him as the eldest and capable son and the succession as settled, but suspicion remained at court, so the Prince of Jing was sent to his own domain.[^zhengshi]\n\n## Accession\n\nIn the twelfth month of the forty-fifth year of Jiajing, the Jiajing Emperor died and Zhu Zaihou took the throne. The next year was the first of Longqing, and a general amnesty was declared. Inconvenient policies of the previous reign were corrected under the testament. Officials punished for remonstrance were recalled, and those who had died were honored. Adepts were handed to the courts, and the alchemy workshops and extraordinary purchases were stopped. Half of the next year's land tax was remitted, together with arrears from before the forty-third year of Jiajing. Hai Rui of the Ministry of Revenue was released from prison.[^zhengshi]\n\n## The early Longqing years\n\nIn the first year of Longqing he ended the rite that associated Ruizong with the emperor in the Bright Hall, restored the title of Prince Zhu Houwan of Zheng, honored his mother as Empress Xiaoke, and installed Consort Chen as empress. Chen Yiqin and Zhang Juzheng entered the grand secretariat. In the third month the Jiajing Emperor was buried at the Yongling. That year Altan raided Datong and Shizhou, killed Prefect Wang Liangcai, looted Jiaocheng and Wenshui, and reached the Fen River, so the capital was placed on alert. The raiders withdrew in the winter. In the third month of the second year, his son Yijun was named heir apparent. The same juan goes on to the third year, when general Zhao Ke defeated Altan at Hongcizi. The extract read here does not reach a death scene, so the death year is left as the 1572 already stored on this entry.[^zhengshi][^wikidata]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Name: Zhu Zaihou[^wikidata]\n- Temple name: Muzong[^zhengshi]\n- Era name: Longqing[^zhengshi]\n- Place in the dynasty: twelfth Ming emperor[^wikidata]\n- Realm: Ming[^wikidata]\n- Birthplace: [[place_beijing|Beijing]][^wikidata]", "url": "/people/longqing-emperor.html", "lang": "en", "sourceLang": "zh", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "birth": { "year": 1537, "display": "1537" }, "death": { "year": 1572, "display": "1572" }, "personCategory": "historical figure" }, { "id": "person_cn_q1004339", "type": "person", "title": "Fu Yi", "slug": "fu-yi", "aliases": [ "傅奕" ], "summary": "Fu Yi (555–639), from Ye in Xiangzhou, was a Sui and Tang astronomer who served as director of the imperial observatory.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q1004339", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1004339" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "傅奕（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%82%85%E5%A5%95" }, { "id": "zhengshi", "title": "旧唐书·卷79（维基文库）", "url": "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E8%88%8A%E5%94%90%E6%9B%B8/%E5%8D%B779" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:17:53+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 7, "body": "Fu Yi was director of the imperial observatory in the early Tang. This entry records his life as 555 to 639.[^wikidata] The Old Book of Tang gives his name simply as Fu Yi, and the cited Wikidata label is the same, with the surname Fu, so the title stays Fu Yi.[^zhengshi][^wikidata]\n\n## From the Sui into the Tang\n\nThe Old Book of Tang says he was from Ye in Xiangzhou and was especially learned in astronomy and calendrics. In the Kaihuang reign he served Prince Yang Liang of Han as a ceremonial officer. When the prince rebelled, he asked Fu Yi what it meant that Mars had entered the Well. Fu Yi answered that the celestial Well lies on the ecliptic, so Mars passing there was not strange, whereas a well on the ground would be an ill omen. The prince was displeased. After the revolt failed, Fu Yi was spared and moved to Fufeng. Emperor Gaozu, then prefect of Fufeng, treated him with respect and, after taking the throne, summoned him as vice director of the observatory. Director Yu Jian recommended him as his own replacement, and Fu Yi became director.[^zhengshi]\n\n## Director of the observatory\n\nIn the third year of Wude he submitted a new clepsydra method, which was put into use. In the seventh year he memorialized for the suppression of Buddhism, in very direct language, and sent eleven further memorials. Gaozu referred them to the court. Only Zhang Daoyuan, chamberlain of the imperial stud, called the proposal sound. Xiao Yu, president of the secretariat, argued that Fu Yi was defaming a sage and should be punished. Fu Yi replied that the Buddha had left his father by going forth from the city. Gaozu was close to following him when the abdication stopped the matter. In the fifth month of the ninth year of Wude, Fu Yi secretly reported that Venus had appeared in the astral division of Qin and that the Prince of Qin would possess the empire. Gaozu passed the report to Taizong. After Taizong's accession he received Fu Yi and said the earlier report had nearly implicated him, but that Fu Yi should still speak fully. When Taizong asked why he alone rejected Buddhism, Fu Yi said it had come from the Western Regions, did not help the people, and harmed the state. Taizong was inclined to agree.[^zhengshi]\n\n## Death and writings\n\nThe Old Book of Tang says he died in the thirteenth year of Zhenguan at the age of eighty-five. On his deathbed he told his sons to study Laozi, Zhuangzi, and the Six Classics, not the Buddhism then in fashion, and he asked for a plain burial. He did not call a doctor when ill. Once, while drunk, he wrote his own epitaph: he was Fu Yi, a man of green hills and white clouds. He annotated the Laozi, wrote a phonological commentary, and collected anti-Buddhist arguments from the Wei and Jin onward as Gaoshi zhuan in ten juan.[^zhengshi]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Name: Fu Yi[^zhengshi]\n- Native place: Ye in Xiangzhou[^zhengshi]\n- Dates on this entry: 555–639[^wikidata]\n- Occupations: astronomer and political figure[^wikidata]\n- Realms recorded on this entry: Sui, Tang, and Northern Zhou[^wikidata]\n- Portrayal: [[person_cn_q138001671|Fu Yi]] (a character in Journey to the West)", "url": "/people/fu-yi.html", "lang": "en", "sourceLang": "zh", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "birth": { "year": 555, "display": "555" }, "death": { "year": 639, "display": "639" }, "personCategory": "historical figure" }, { "id": "person_cn_q10007", "type": "person", "title": "Zhu Houzhao", "slug": "zhengde-emperor", "aliases": [ "明武宗" ], "summary": "Zhu Houzhao (1491–1521) was the tenth emperor of the Ming dynasty. His temple name was Wuzong and his era name was Zhengde.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q10007", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10007" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "明武宗（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E6%AD%A6%E5%AE%97" }, { "id": "zhengshi", "title": "明史卷十六（维基文库）", "url": "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E5%8F%B2/%E5%8D%B716" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:17:50+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 7, "body": "Zhu Houzhao was the tenth emperor of the Ming dynasty. His temple name was Wuzong and his era name was Zhengde. This account follows the biography in juan 16 of the Ming History and the sources already cited on this entry.[^zhengshi][^wikidata]\n\n## Family and accession\n\nThe Ming History gives his personal name as Houzhao. He was the eldest son of the Hongzhi Emperor, and his mother was Empress Xiaokangjing. He was named heir apparent in the fifth year of Hongzhi. The history says he was quick-witted and fond of riding and archery. In the fifth month of the eighteenth year of Hongzhi, his father died and he took the throne, naming the next year the first year of Zhengde.[^zhengshi]\n\nThis entry records his birth in the fourth year of Hongzhi (1491) and his death in the sixteenth year of Zhengde (1521).[^wikidata] The Ming History says he was thirty-one when he died.[^zhengshi]\n\n## Reign\n\nIn the first year of Zhengde, Minister of Revenue Han Wen led court officials in asking that the eunuchs Ma Yongcheng and his associates be removed from power. Grand Secretaries Liu Jian, Li Dongyang and Xie Qian supported the request, but the emperor did not accept it. Liu Jin then took charge of the Directorate of Ceremonial, and Liu Jian and Xie Qian retired. In the second year of Zhengde the emperor restored the guard of Prince Zhu Chenhao of Ning and built the Leopard House.[^zhengshi]\n\nIn the fifth year, Prince Zhu Zhifan of Anhua rebelled and was soon captured. That June the emperor styled himself the Great Qing Dharma King. In August Liu Jin was imprisoned for treason and then executed. From the sixth year, uprisings spread from the capital region through Shandong, Henan and Sichuan, and were put down over the course of the seventh year.[^zhengshi]\n\nAfter a fire at the Palace of Heavenly Purity in the first month of the ninth year, the emperor began to travel incognito. In the twelfth year he passed Juyong Pass, stayed at Xuanfu, and called himself the General Who Governs Military Affairs and Inspires Awe. That winter he fought for five days near Yingzhou against the forces of the Little Prince. In the thirteenth year he ordered himself enfeoffed as Duke of Zhenguo under the name Zhu Shou.[^zhengshi]\n\nIn the sixth month of the fourteenth year, Prince Zhu Chenhao rebelled. Wang Shouren recovered Nanchang and captured the prince at Qiaoshe. The emperor still marched south, withheld the victory report, and reached Nanjing that winter. In the ninth month of the fifteenth year his boat capsized at Jishui Pond and his health failed. Chenhao was executed in the twelfth month, and the emperor returned to the capital.[^zhengshi]\n\n## Death\n\nIn the third month of the sixteenth year of Zhengde he was dying. He told the eunuchs of the Directorate of Ceremonial to inform the empress dowager, and said that the earlier mistakes had been his own. On the bingyin day of that month he died in the Leopard House at the age of thirty-one. His testament called the eldest son of the Prince of Xing to succeed him. In the fifth month he received his posthumous title and the temple name Wuzong, and was buried at the Kangling.[^zhengshi]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Name: Zhu Houzhao[^wikidata]\n- Temple name: Wuzong[^zhengshi]\n- Era name: Zhengde[^zhengshi]\n- Birthplace: [[place_beijing|Beijing]][^wikidata]", "url": "/people/zhengde-emperor.html", "lang": "en", "sourceLang": "zh", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "birth": { "year": 1491, "display": "1491" }, "death": { "year": 1521, "display": "1521" }, "personCategory": "historical figure" }, { "id": "person_cn_q10011", "type": "person", "title": "Zhu Houcong", "slug": "jiajing-emperor-ming", "aliases": [ "明世宗" ], "summary": "Zhu Houcong (1507–1567) was the eleventh emperor of the Ming dynasty. His temple name was Shizong and his era name was Jiajing.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q10011", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10011" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "明世宗（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E4%B8%96%E5%AE%97" }, { "id": "zhengshi", "title": "明史卷十七（维基文库）", "url": "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E5%8F%B2/%E5%8D%B717" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:17:49+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 7, "body": "Zhu Houcong was the eleventh emperor of the Ming dynasty. His temple name was Shizong and his era name was Jiajing. This account follows juan 17 of the Ming History and the sources already cited on this entry.[^zhengshi][^wikidata]\n\n## Family\n\nThe Ming History gives his personal name as Houcong. He was a grandson of the Chenghua Emperor. His father, Prince Youyuan of Xing, held the principality of Anlu. When that prince died in the fourteenth year of Zhengde, Houcong was thirteen and managed the domain as heir. The name Zhu Houcong is the form given in the sources cited here.[^zhengshi][^wikidata]\n\nThis entry records his birth in 1507, his death in 1567, and his birthplace as Zhongxiang.[^wikidata] Juan 17 of the Ming History ends in the twenty-first year of Jiajing and does not describe his death.[^zhengshi]\n\n## Accession\n\nIn the third month of the sixteenth year of Zhengde, the Zhengde Emperor died without a son. Empress Dowager Cishou and Grand Secretary Yang Tinghe decided to summon the prince from his residence at Xing. He left Anlu and reached the suburbs of the capital in the fourth month. The ritual officers wanted him to ascend as an heir apparent. He replied that the testament made him successor to the throne, not an imperial son. He entered through Daming Gate the same day, took the throne in the Fengtian Hall, and named the next year the first of Jiajing.[^zhengshi]\n\n## The ritual dispute\n\nCourt ritualists first proposed that he treat the Hongzhi Emperor as his imperial father and call the Prince of Xing an imperial uncle. The jinshi Zhang Cong argued that Zhu Houcong inherited the throne without becoming an adopted son, and asked that his own parents be honored and that a temple for the Prince of Xing be built in the capital. Yang Tinghe and others objected. The emperor did not accept their view. In the first year of Jiajing the court for a time called the Hongzhi Emperor imperial father and the prince and princess of Xing his natural parents. In the third year the Prince of Xing was given the title of natural imperial father, and the words \"natural\" were later removed. Officials knelt at the palace gate to protest. Ma Li and 133 others were imprisoned, and sixteen died under the rod. Yang Shen and others were beaten and banished or demoted. That year the Hongzhi Emperor was designated imperial uncle-father, and the emperor's own father was designated imperial father. In the seventh year the Minglun Dadian was completed, and Yang Tinghe and others were posthumously stripped of rank.[^zhengshi]\n\n## The early Jiajing years\n\nIn the fifth year the Daoist Shao Yuanjie was named a zhenren. In the seventeenth year the emperor's father received the temple name Ruizong and his tablet was placed in the imperial ancestral temple, ranked above the Zhengde Emperor. In the eighteenth year Zaihuo was named heir apparent, Zaihou was made Prince of Yu, and Zaichuan Prince of Jing. The emperor traveled to Chengtian and visited the Xianling. In the nineteenth year Yang Zui of the Court of the Imperial Stud remonstrated against the use of elixirs and was beaten to death. In the twenty-first year Minister of Rites Yan Song entered the Grand Secretariat. In the same year a palace plot was punished and Consort Cao and Consort Wang were executed. Juan 17 ends at that point.[^zhengshi]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Name: Zhu Houcong[^wikidata]\n- Temple name: Shizong[^zhengshi]\n- Era name: Jiajing[^zhengshi]\n- Birthplace: [[place_cn_420881|Zhongxiang]][^wikidata]", "url": "/people/jiajing-emperor-ming.html", "lang": "en", "sourceLang": "zh", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "birth": { "year": 1507, "display": "1507" }, "death": { "year": 1567, "display": "1567" }, "personCategory": "historical figure" }, { "id": "person_cn_q466972", "type": "person", "title": "Sheng Shicai", "slug": "sheng-shicai", "aliases": [ "盛世才" ], "summary": "Sheng Shicai (8 January 1897 – 13 July 1970), Chinese warlord (1895-1970).", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q466972", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466972" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "盛世才（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9B%9B%E4%B8%96%E6%89%8D" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:17:45+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 7, "body": "## Basic facts\n\n- Born: 8 January 1897[^wikidata]\n- Died: 13 July 1970[^wikidata]\n- Birthplace: [[place_cn_211282|Kaiyuan]][^wikidata]", "url": "/people/sheng-shicai.html", "lang": "en", "sourceLang": "zh", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "birth": { "year": 1897, "month": 1, "day": 8, "display": "8 January 1897" }, "death": { "year": 1970, "month": 7, "day": 13, "display": "13 July 1970" }, "personCategory": "historical figure" }, { "id": "person_cn_q10344620", "type": "person", "title": "Donghua Dijun", "slug": "donghua-dijun", "aliases": [ "东华帝君" ], "summary": "Donghua Dijun is a Taoist deity. Quanzhen Daoism ranks him among the Four Emperors and Two Empresses and first of the Five Patriarchs. The cited article says his personal name was originally unknown.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-literature", "category-people", "category-fictional-characters" ], "tags": [ "tag-fictional-character", "tag-classics", "tag-four-great-classics" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q10344620", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10344620" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "东华帝君（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E8%8F%AF%E5%B8%9D%E5%90%9B" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:17:40+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 7, "body": "Donghua Dijun is a Taoist deity. Wikidata uses this title. Its aliases only lengthen the same title, and they do not supply a separate personal name. The cited Chinese Wikipedia says his personal name was originally unknown, so the title stays Donghua Dijun.[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n\n## The cult\n\nThe page says the cult took shape around the Tang dynasty. The Quanzhen school of the Jin dynasty honored him as one of the Four Emperors and Two Empresses and as the first of the Five Patriarchs. Legend places his former home on Kunyu Mountain in Wendeng, Ninghai, Shandong, now Wendeng in Shandong province. He is paired with Xihua Jinmu, the Queen Mother of the West.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Later identifications\n\nThe same page says that from the Yuan dynasty some Daoists identified him with the Eastern King, or said he was incarnated as Wang Xuanfu. One inner-alchemy lineage instead associated him with Lü Dongbin, one of the Eight Immortals. These are later identifications. The citations do not settle on one of them as his only personal name.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Title: Donghua Dijun[^wikidata]\n- Description: Taoist deity[^wikidata]\n- Appears in: [[work_cn_q70784|Journey to the West]]", "url": "/people/donghua-dijun.html", "lang": "en", "sourceLang": "zh", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "disambiguation": "Character in Journey to the West", "isFictional": true, "personCategory": "mythological figure" }, { "id": "person_cn_q10264740", "type": "person", "title": "You Sanjie", "slug": "you-sanjie", "aliases": [ "尤三姐" ], "summary": "You Sanjie is You Erjie's younger sister in Dream of the Red Chamber. After Liu Xianglian broke the betrothal on a rumor, she killed herself with his sword.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-literature", "category-people", "category-fictional-characters" ], "tags": [ "tag-fictional-character", "tag-classics", "tag-four-great-classics" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q10264740", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10264740" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "尤三姐（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B0%A4%E4%B8%89%E5%A7%90" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:17:34+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 7, "body": "You Sanjie is a character in Dream of the Red Chamber. Wikidata uses You Sanjie as her name and also lists You Xiaomei. It does not give a different personal name, so the title stays You Sanjie.[^wikidata]\n\n## In the novel\n\nShe is the younger sister of You Erjie and a daughter of the stepmother of Madam You, Jia Zhen's wife. In opera she and her sister are often paired as the two You sisters of the novel. The Chinese Wikipedia describes her as fierce in temper and unwilling to be trifled with. Jia Lian later acted as matchmaker, and she agreed to marry Liu Xianglian. Liu Xianglian believed a rumor that she was unchaste and asked for the betrothal swords back. To clear herself she drew a sword and killed herself. Liu Xianglian regretted it too late, cut off his hair, and left home.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Name: You Sanjie[^wikidata]\n- Description: a character in Dream of the Red Chamber[^wikidata]\n- Appears in: [[work_cn_q8265|Dream of the Red Chamber]]", "url": "/people/you-sanjie.html", "lang": "en", "sourceLang": "zh", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "disambiguation": "Character in Dream of the Red Chamber", "isFictional": true, "personCategory": "literary character" }, { "id": "person_cn_q10264763", "type": "person", "title": "You Erjie", "slug": "you-erjie", "aliases": [ "尤二姐" ], "summary": "You Erjie is You Sanjie's elder sister in Dream of the Red Chamber. Jia Lian secretly married her; Wang Xifeng later brought her home, and she killed herself by swallowing gold.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-literature", "category-people", "category-fictional-characters" ], "tags": [ "tag-fictional-character", "tag-classics", "tag-four-great-classics" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q10264763", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10264763" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "尤二姐（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B0%A4%E4%BA%8C%E5%A7%90" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:17:34+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 7, "body": "You Erjie is a character in Dream of the Red Chamber. Wikidata uses You Erjie as her name and also lists You Shi. It does not give a different personal name, so the title stays You Erjie.[^wikidata]\n\n## In the novel\n\nShe and You Sanjie were daughters brought by Madam You's stepmother, old Mrs You. Opera often pairs them as the two You sisters. The Chinese Wikipedia describes You Erjie as sentimental, gentle and beautiful: careless in conduct before her marriage, but loyal once she was married to Jia Lian. Jia Lian secretly took her as a second wife and housed her outside the Rong mansion. Ping'er mentioned this to Wang Xifeng without meaning to. While Jia Lian was away, Wang Xifeng brought You Erjie into the household. Outside, she used Zhang Hua, the former fiancé whose engagement had already been broken, to damage You Erjie's name and bring a lawsuit. Inside, she was outwardly kinder, while Qiutong was set to harass You Erjie, meals were withheld, and a quack doctor destroyed a nearly formed child. Under that pressure You Erjie swallowed gold and died. When Jia Lian returned he found almost nothing left of her property. Wang Xifeng also used Lady Jia's words to keep You Erjie from being buried in the family temple. Ping'er later paid the funeral from her own savings.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Name: You Erjie[^wikidata]\n- Description: a character in Dream of the Red Chamber[^wikidata]\n- Appears in: [[work_cn_q8265|Dream of the Red Chamber]]", "url": "/people/you-erjie.html", "lang": "en", "sourceLang": "zh", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "disambiguation": "Character in Dream of the Red Chamber", "isFictional": true, "personCategory": "literary character" }, { "id": "person_cn_q10271367", "type": "person", "title": "Cui Jue", "slug": "cui-jue", "aliases": [ "崔府君" ], "summary": "Cui Fujun is a north-Chinese folk deity said to judge the underworld. Tang and Song records disagree about his personal name, and one source says it was lost.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-literature", "category-people", "category-fictional-characters" ], "tags": [ "tag-fictional-character", "tag-classics", "tag-four-great-classics" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q10271367", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10271367" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "崔府君（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B4%94%E5%BA%9C%E5%90%9B" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:17:34+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 7, "body": "Cui Fujun is a Chinese folk deity said to judge the underworld. Wikidata uses Cui Fujun as the Chinese title and also lists Cui Jue, Cui Ci, Cui Ziyu and Cui Yuanjing. The cited Chinese Wikipedia says Tang and Song records are scattered, that the Long Draft Continuation of the Comprehensive Mirror states that his name was lost, and that one tradition calls him Jue while another calls him Ci, courtesy name Ziyu. Because the citations do not settle on one personal name, the titles already on this entry stay unchanged.[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n\n## Rival origins\n\nThe Chinese Wikipedia reports an account in the Compendium of Gods from the Three Teachings: he was from Gucheng in Qizhou, his father was Cui Rang, he was born on the sixth day of the sixth month of the third year of Daye, and he was named Ziyu. In the seventh year of Zhenguan he was magistrate of Changzi county in Luzhou, and legend says he judged the living by day and the underworld by night. Shanxi gazetteers more often record a Cui Jue of Leping. The same page also tells of his magistracy at Fuyang in Cizhou, and of the Dunhuang tale Tang Taizong Enters the Underworld, in which he, as judge of Fengdu, releases Taizong's soul. Journey to the West mentions that story.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Later titles\n\nThe page goes on to say that during the An Lushan rebellion he appeared in a dream to comfort Emperor Xuanzong and was enfeoffed as the Numinous and Holy Marquis Who Protects the State. In the second year of Jingyou he was advanced to Duke of Manifest Response Who Protects the State, and in the second year of Yuanfu to the corresponding prince. A further title added Zhaohui. Under the Southern Song the story of the clay horse carrying Prince Kang was told. After Zhao Gou took the throne he founded a temple and granted it the plaque Xianwei. In the thirteenth year of Chunxi the deity was reclassified as a perfected lord. Popular usage still called him Cui Fujun.[^zhwiki]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Title used here: Cui Fujun[^wikidata]\n- Description on this entry: fictional person[^wikidata]\n- Setting recorded on this entry: Tang[^wikidata]\n- Appears in: [[work_cn_q70784|Journey to the West]]", "url": "/people/cui-jue.html", "lang": "en", "sourceLang": "zh", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "disambiguation": "Character in Journey to the West", "isFictional": true, "personCategory": "literary character" }, { "id": "person_cn_q79193", "type": "person", "title": "Sui Yuanjin", "slug": "sui-yuanjin", "aliases": [ "眭元进" ], "summary": "Sui Yuanjin (? – 200), Military general.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q79193", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79193" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "眭元进（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9C%AD%E5%85%83%E9%80%B2" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:17:29+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 5, "body": "## Basic facts\n\n- Died: 200[^wikidata]\n\n## Portrayals\n\n- [[person_cn_q124034278|Sui Yuanjin]] (character in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms)", "url": "/people/sui-yuanjin.html", "lang": "en", "sourceLang": "zh", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "death": { "year": 200, "display": "200" }, "personCategory": "historical figure" }, { "id": "person_cn_q10127095", "type": "person", "title": "Sun Zi", "slug": "sun-zi", "aliases": [ "孙资" ], "summary": "Sun Zi (died 251), courtesy name Yanlong, was a Cao Wei official. He served as secretariat director and was later enfeoffed as Marquis of Zhongdu.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q10127095", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10127095" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "孙资（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AD%AB%E8%B3%87" }, { "id": "zhengshi", "title": "三国志·卷14（维基文库）", "url": "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%9C%8B%E5%BF%97/%E5%8D%B714" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:17:27+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 7, "body": "Sun Zi was an official of Cao Wei. Wikidata gives his name as Sun Zi, and this entry records his death in 251.[^wikidata] In juan 14 of the Records of the Three Kingdoms his biography is attached to that of Liu Fang. The separate note says his courtesy name was Yanlong, so the title stays the personal name.[^zhengshi]\n\n## Early life\n\nThe note says he showed promise as a child, lost both parents at three, and was raised by his elder brother and sister-in-law. He studied at the imperial academy and read widely. Wang Yun of his commandery thought him remarkable at first sight. When Cao Cao was minister of works he summoned Sun Zi, but Sun Zi's brother had been killed by a fellow villager. Sun Zi killed the man himself and took his family to Hedong, so he did not accept the summons. The commandery appointed him again and he declined on grounds of illness. His friend Jia Kui of Hedong persuaded him. He then served as a clerk in the bureau and was recommended as an accounting officer. Minister of the secretariat Xun Yu said the north had long been ruined and its able men scattered, and that he was now seeing Sun, the accounting officer, again. Xun Yu asked that Sun Zi be kept as a gentleman of the secretariat. Sun Zi declined because of the family feud and returned to Hedong.[^zhengshi]\n\n## Keeper of confidential business\n\nAfter the state of Wei was founded he and Liu Fang became secretaries. Before that he had also been a county magistrate and had taken part in the counselor-in-chief's military affairs. When Emperor Wen took the throne they became left and right assistants. At the start of Huangchu the secretariat became the Central Secretariat. Liu Fang was its inspector and Sun Zi its director, each also a palace attendant. Liu Fang was made Marquis of Guannei and Sun Zi Marquis of Guanzhong, and they handled confidential matters. In the third year of Huangchu Sun Zi was advanced to Marquis of Guannei. Emperor Ming favored them still more. Both became mounted attendants, and Sun Zi was advanced to Marquis of Leyang. At the end of Taihe, Wu sent Zhou He by sea to entice Gongsun Yuan. Most of the court opposed a campaign. Only Sun Zi decided to send the army, and it won a great victory. He was advanced to Marquis of Zuoxiang. At the start of Qinglong both men became palace attendants and grand masters of splendor. In the second year of Jingchu, after Liaodong was pacified, he was enfeoffed with his own county as Marquis of Zhongdu.[^zhengshi]\n\n## Last years\n\nAfter Prince of Qi, Cao Fang, took the throne, Sun Zi was made grand master of the right in the first year of Zhengshi. In the sixth year he became general of the guards and still headed the Central Secretariat. In the seventh year one of his sons was made a village marquis. Liu Fang died in the second year of Jiaping. Sun Zi again yielded his post and went home, was appointed general of the agile cavalry, and became a palace attendant. He died in the third year of Jiaping. His posthumous name was Marquis Zhen, and his son Sun Hong succeeded. That year matches the 251 recorded on this entry.[^zhengshi][^wikidata]\n\n## Basic facts\n\n- Name: Sun Zi[^zhengshi]\n- Courtesy name: Yanlong[^zhengshi]\n- Death: third year of Jiaping, recorded here as 251[^zhengshi][^wikidata]\n- Occupation recorded on this entry: political figure[^wikidata]\n- Portrayal: [[person_cn_q124461406|Sun Zi]] (a character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms)", "url": "/people/sun-zi.html", "lang": "en", "sourceLang": "zh", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "death": { "year": 251, "display": "251" }, "personCategory": "historical figure" } ], "lang": "en", "pagination": { "page": 937, "pageSize": 50, "total": 50001, "pageCount": 1000, "prevUrl": "/en/search-936.json", "nextUrl": "/en/search-938.json" } }