postgres /en/works-197.html work_ieee_1609_3_2020_9374152 work ieee-std-1609-3-2020-9374152 1609.3-2020 1609.3-2020 - IEEE Standard for Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments (WAVE)--Networking Services

IEEE Std 1609.3-2020 是电气电子工程师学会的技术标准，题为“IEEE Standard for Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments (WAVE)--Networking Services”；公开目录标为现行（Active），已批准（Approved），著录年份为 2021 年。

published category-science-technology tag-ieee-standard s1 IEEE https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/servlet/opac?punumber=9374152 standard_number=1609.3-2020; status=Active; modifier=Approved s2 IEEE 2026-11-01 https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/otherfiles/IEEEXplore_Global_All-Standards.txt 2026-11-01T21:10:48+08:00 2026-11-01T21:10:48+08:00 user:admin 1 **IEEE Std 1609.3-2020**（IEEE Standard for Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments (WAVE)--Networking Services）是[[organization_ieee|电气电子工程师学会]]的技术标准。公开目录将其标为现行（Active），已批准（Approved），著录年份为 2021 年，主题领域包括 Communication, Networking and Broadcast Technologies、Components, Circuits, Devices and Systems、Computing and Processing[^s1]。参见[[concept_ieee_standards|IEEE 标准]]。 /works/ieee-std-1609-3-2020-9374152.html en true zh standard 2021 year 2021年 英语 work_ieee_1609_3_2020_cor_1_2024 work ieee-std-1609-3-2020-cor-1-2024 1609.3-2020/Cor 1-2024 1609.3-2020/Cor 1-2024 - IEEE Standard for Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments (WAVE)--Networking Services Corrigendum 1

IEEE Std 1609.3-2020/Cor 1-2024 是电气电子工程师学会的技术标准，题为“IEEE Standard for Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments (WAVE)--Networking Services Corrigendum 1”；公开目录标为现行（Active），已批准（Approved），著录年份为 2024 年。

published category-science-technology tag-ieee-standard s1 IEEE https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/servlet/opac?punumber=10540076 standard_number=1609.3-2020/Cor 1-2024; status=Active; modifier=Approved s2 IEEE 2026-11-01 https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/otherfiles/IEEEXplore_Global_All-Standards.txt 2026-11-01T21:10:48+08:00 2026-11-01T21:10:48+08:00 user:admin 1 **IEEE Std 1609.3-2020/Cor 1-2024**（IEEE Standard for Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments (WAVE)--Networking Services Corrigendum 1）是[[organization_ieee|电气电子工程师学会]]的技术标准。公开目录将其标为现行（Active），已批准（Approved），著录年份为 2024 年，主题领域包括 Communication, Networking and Broadcast Technologies、Components, Circuits, Devices and Systems、Computing and Processing[^s1]。参见[[concept_ieee_standards|IEEE 标准]]。 /works/ieee-std-1609-3-2020-cor-1-2024.html en true zh standard 2024 year 2024年 英语 work_ieee_1609_4_2016_7435226 work ieee-std-1609-4-2016-7435226 1609.4-2016 1609.4-2016 - IEEE Standard for Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments (WAVE) -- Multi-Channel Operation

IEEE Std 1609.4-2016 是电气电子工程师学会的技术标准，题为“IEEE Standard for Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments (WAVE) -- Multi-Channel Operation”；公开目录标为现行（Active），已批准（Approved），著录年份为 2016 年。

published category-science-technology tag-ieee-standard s1 IEEE https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/servlet/opac?punumber=7435226 standard_number=1609.4-2016; status=Active; modifier=Approved s2 IEEE 2026-11-01 https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/otherfiles/IEEEXplore_Global_All-Standards.txt 2026-11-01T21:10:48+08:00 2026-11-01T21:10:48+08:00 user:admin 1 **IEEE Std 1609.4-2016**（IEEE Standard for Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments (WAVE) -- Multi-Channel Operation）是[[organization_ieee|电气电子工程师学会]]的技术标准。公开目录将其标为现行（Active），已批准（Approved），著录年份为 2016 年，主题领域包括 Transportation、Components, Circuits, Devices and Systems、Computing and Processing[^s1]。参见[[concept_ieee_standards|IEEE 标准]]。 /works/ieee-std-1609-4-2016-7435226.html en true zh standard 2016 year 2016年 英语 work_ieee_1609_2_1_2022_cor_1_2023 work ieee-std-1609-2-1-2022-cor-1-2023 1609.2.1-2022/Cor 1-2023 1609.2.1-2022/Cor 1-2023 - IEEE Standard for Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments (WAVE)--Certificate Management Interfaces for End Entities--Corrigendum 1

IEEE Std 1609.2.1-2022/Cor 1-2023 是电气电子工程师学会的技术标准，题为“IEEE Standard for Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments (WAVE)--Certificate Management Interfaces for End Entities--Corrigendum 1”；公开目录标为现行（Active），已批准（Approved），著录年份为 2023 年。

published category-science-technology tag-ieee-standard s1 IEEE https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/servlet/opac?punumber=10264833 standard_number=1609.2.1-2022/Cor 1-2023; status=Active; modifier=Approved s2 IEEE 2026-11-01 https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/otherfiles/IEEEXplore_Global_All-Standards.txt 2026-11-01T21:10:47+08:00 2026-11-01T21:10:47+08:00 user:admin 1 **IEEE Std 1609.2.1-2022/Cor 1-2023**（IEEE Standard for Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments (WAVE)--Certificate Management Interfaces for End Entities--Corrigendum 1）是[[organization_ieee|电气电子工程师学会]]的技术标准。公开目录将其标为现行（Active），已批准（Approved），著录年份为 2023 年，主题领域包括 Communication, Networking and Broadcast Technologies、Computing and Processing、Transportation[^s1]。参见[[concept_ieee_standards|IEEE 标准]]。 /works/ieee-std-1609-2-1-2022-cor-1-2023.html en true zh standard 2023 year 2023年 英语 work_ieee_1609_2_2025 work ieee-std-1609-2-2025 1609.2-2025 1609.2-2025 - IEEE Standard for Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments--Security Services for Application and Management Messages

IEEE Std 1609.2-2025 是电气电子工程师学会的技术标准，题为“IEEE Standard for Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments--Security Services for Application and Management Messages”；公开目录标为现行（Active），已批准（Approved），著录年份为 2026 年。

published category-science-technology tag-ieee-standard s1 IEEE https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/servlet/opac?punumber=11720650 standard_number=1609.2-2025; status=Active; modifier=Approved s2 IEEE 2026-11-01 https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/otherfiles/IEEEXplore_Global_All-Standards.txt 2026-11-01T21:10:47+08:00 2026-11-01T21:10:47+08:00 user:admin 1 **IEEE Std 1609.2-2025**（IEEE Standard for Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments--Security Services for Application and Management Messages）是[[organization_ieee|电气电子工程师学会]]的技术标准。公开目录将其标为现行（Active），已批准（Approved），著录年份为 2026 年，主题领域包括 Communication, Networking and Broadcast Technologies、Components, Circuits, Devices and Systems、Computing and Processing[^s1]。参见[[concept_ieee_standards|IEEE 标准]]。 /works/ieee-std-1609-2-2025.html en true zh standard 2026 year 2026年 英语 work_ieee_1609_0_2019_8686443 work ieee-std-1609-0-2019-8686443 1609.0-2019 1609.0-2019 - IEEE Guide for Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments (WAVE) Architecture

IEEE Std 1609.0-2019 是电气电子工程师学会的技术标准，题为“IEEE Guide for Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments (WAVE) Architecture”；公开目录标为现行（Active），已批准（Approved），著录年份为 2019 年。

published category-science-technology tag-ieee-standard s1 IEEE https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/servlet/opac?punumber=8686443 standard_number=1609.0-2019; status=Active; modifier=Approved s2 IEEE 2026-11-01 https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/otherfiles/IEEEXplore_Global_All-Standards.txt 2026-11-01T21:10:37+08:00 2026-11-01T21:10:37+08:00 user:admin 1 **IEEE Std 1609.0-2019**（IEEE Guide for Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments (WAVE) Architecture）是[[organization_ieee|电气电子工程师学会]]的技术标准。公开目录将其标为现行（Active），已批准（Approved），著录年份为 2019 年，主题领域包括 Communication, Networking and Broadcast Technologies、Components, Circuits, Devices and Systems、Computing and Processing[^s1]。参见[[concept_ieee_standards|IEEE 标准]]。 /works/ieee-std-1609-0-2019-8686443.html en true zh standard 2019 year 2019年 英语 work_ieee_1609_12_2019_8877514 work ieee-std-1609-12-2019-8877514 1609.12-2019 1609.12-2019 - IEEE Standard for Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments (WAVE)--Identifiers

IEEE Std 1609.12-2019 是电气电子工程师学会的技术标准，题为“IEEE Standard for Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments (WAVE)--Identifiers”；公开目录标为现行（Active），已批准（Approved），著录年份为 2019 年。

published category-science-technology tag-ieee-standard s1 IEEE https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/servlet/opac?punumber=8877514 standard_number=1609.12-2019; status=Active; modifier=Approved s2 IEEE 2026-11-01 https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/otherfiles/IEEEXplore_Global_All-Standards.txt 2026-11-01T21:10:37+08:00 2026-11-01T21:10:37+08:00 user:admin 1 **IEEE Std 1609.12-2019**（IEEE Standard for Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments (WAVE)--Identifiers）是[[organization_ieee|电气电子工程师学会]]的技术标准。公开目录将其标为现行（Active），已批准（Approved），著录年份为 2019 年，主题领域包括 Components, Circuits, Devices and Systems、Communication, Networking and Broadcast Technologies、Computing and Processing[^s1]。参见[[concept_ieee_standards|IEEE 标准]]。 /works/ieee-std-1609-12-2019-8877514.html en true zh standard 2019 year 2019年 英语 work_ieee_15939_2017_7907156 work ieee-std-15939-2017-7907156 15939-2017 15939-2017 - ISO/IEC/IEEE International Standard - Systems and software engineering--Measurement process

IEEE Std 15939-2017 是电气电子工程师学会的技术标准，题为“ISO/IEC/IEEE International Standard - Systems and software engineering--Measurement process”；公开目录标为现行（Active），已批准（Approved），著录年份为 2017 年。

published category-science-technology tag-ieee-standard s1 IEEE https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/servlet/opac?punumber=7907156 standard_number=15939-2017; status=Active; modifier=Approved s2 IEEE 2026-11-01 https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/otherfiles/IEEEXplore_Global_All-Standards.txt 2026-11-01T21:10:36+08:00 2026-11-01T21:10:36+08:00 user:admin 1 **IEEE Std 15939-2017**（ISO/IEC/IEEE International Standard - Systems and software engineering--Measurement process）是[[organization_ieee|电气电子工程师学会]]的技术标准。公开目录将其标为现行（Active），已批准（Approved），著录年份为 2017 年，主题领域包括 Computing and Processing[^s1]。参见[[concept_ieee_standards|IEEE 标准]]。 /works/ieee-std-15939-2017-7907156.html en true zh standard 2017 year 2017年 英语 work_ieee_1594_2020_9387228 work ieee-std-1594-2020-9387228 1594-2020 1594-2020 - IEEE Standard for Helically-Applied Fiber Optic Cable Systems (WRAP) for Use on Overhead Utility Lines

IEEE Std 1594-2020 是电气电子工程师学会的技术标准，题为“IEEE Standard for Helically-Applied Fiber Optic Cable Systems (WRAP) for Use on Overhead Utility Lines”；公开目录标为现行（Active），已批准（Approved），著录年份为 2021 年。

published category-science-technology tag-ieee-standard s1 IEEE https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/servlet/opac?punumber=9387228 standard_number=1594-2020; status=Active; modifier=Approved s2 IEEE 2026-11-01 https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/otherfiles/IEEEXplore_Global_All-Standards.txt 2026-11-01T21:10:36+08:00 2026-11-01T21:10:36+08:00 user:admin 1 **IEEE Std 1594-2020**（IEEE Standard for Helically-Applied Fiber Optic Cable Systems (WRAP) for Use on Overhead Utility Lines）是[[organization_ieee|电气电子工程师学会]]的技术标准。公开目录将其标为现行（Active），已批准（Approved），著录年份为 2021 年，主题领域包括 Components, Circuits, Devices and Systems、Engineered Materials, Dielectrics and Plasmas、Power, Energy and Industry Applications[^s1]。参见[[concept_ieee_standards|IEEE 标准]]。 /works/ieee-std-1594-2020-9387228.html en true zh standard 2021 year 2021年 英语 work_ieee_1595_2022 work ieee-std-1595-2022 1595-2022 1595-2022 - IEEE Standard for Testing and Performance for Optical Phase Conductor (OPPC) for Use on Electrical Utility Power Lines

IEEE Std 1595-2022 是电气电子工程师学会的技术标准，题为“IEEE Standard for Testing and Performance for Optical Phase Conductor (OPPC) for Use on Electrical Utility Power Lines”；公开目录标为现行（Active），已批准（Approved），著录年份为 2023 年。

published category-science-technology tag-ieee-standard s1 IEEE https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/servlet/opac?punumber=10098718 standard_number=1595-2022; status=Active; modifier=Approved s2 IEEE 2026-11-01 https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/otherfiles/IEEEXplore_Global_All-Standards.txt 2026-11-01T21:10:36+08:00 2026-11-01T21:10:36+08:00 user:admin 1 **IEEE Std 1595-2022**（IEEE Standard for Testing and Performance for Optical Phase Conductor (OPPC) for Use on Electrical Utility Power Lines）是[[organization_ieee|电气电子工程师学会]]的技术标准。公开目录将其标为现行（Active），已批准（Approved），著录年份为 2023 年，主题领域包括 Computing and Processing、Photonics and Electrooptics、Components, Circuits, Devices and Systems[^s1]。参见[[concept_ieee_standards|IEEE 标准]]。 /works/ieee-std-1595-2022.html en true zh standard 2023 year 2023年 英语 work_ieee_1596_1992_2786 work ieee-std-1596-1992-2786 1596-1992 1596-1992 - IEEE Standard for Scalable Coherent Interface (SCI).

IEEE Std 1596-1992 是电气电子工程师学会的技术标准，题为“IEEE Standard for Scalable Coherent Interface (SCI).”；公开目录标为现行（Active），已批准（Approved），著录年份为 1993 年。

published category-science-technology tag-ieee-standard s1 IEEE https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/servlet/opac?punumber=2786 standard_number=1596-1992; status=Active; modifier=Approved s2 IEEE 2026-11-01 https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/otherfiles/IEEEXplore_Global_All-Standards.txt 2026-11-01T21:10:36+08:00 2026-11-01T21:10:36+08:00 user:admin 1 **IEEE Std 1596-1992**（IEEE Standard for Scalable Coherent Interface (SCI).）是[[organization_ieee|电气电子工程师学会]]的技术标准。公开目录将其标为现行（Active），已批准（Approved），著录年份为 1993 年，主题领域包括 Computing and Processing、Components, Circuits, Devices and Systems[^s1]。参见[[concept_ieee_standards|IEEE 标准]]。 /works/ieee-std-1596-1992-2786.html en true zh standard 1993 year 1993年 英语 work_ieee_1597_1_2022_10251757 work ieee-std-1597-1-2022-10251757 1597.1-2022 1597.1-2022 - IEEE Standard for Validation of Computational Electromagnetics Computer Modeling and Simulations

IEEE Std 1597.1-2022 是电气电子工程师学会的技术标准，题为“IEEE Standard for Validation of Computational Electromagnetics Computer Modeling and Simulations”；公开目录标为现行（Active），已批准（Approved），著录年份为 2022 年。

published category-science-technology tag-ieee-standard s1 IEEE https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/servlet/opac?punumber=10251757 standard_number=1597.1-2022; status=Active; modifier=Approved s2 IEEE 2026-11-01 https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/otherfiles/IEEEXplore_Global_All-Standards.txt 2026-11-01T21:10:36+08:00 2026-11-01T21:10:36+08:00 user:admin 1 **IEEE Std 1597.1-2022**（IEEE Standard for Validation of Computational Electromagnetics Computer Modeling and Simulations）是[[organization_ieee|电气电子工程师学会]]的技术标准。公开目录将其标为现行（Active），已批准（Approved），著录年份为 2022 年，主题领域包括 Computing and Processing、Fields, Waves and Electromagnetics[^s1]。参见[[concept_ieee_standards|IEEE 标准]]。 /works/ieee-std-1597-1-2022-10251757.html en true zh standard 2022 year 2022年 英语 work_ieee_16085_2020_9325906 work ieee-std-16085-2020-9325906 16085-2020 16085-2020 - ISO/IEC/IEEE International Standard - Systems and software engineering -- Life cycle processes -- Risk management

IEEE Std 16085-2020 是电气电子工程师学会的技术标准，题为“ISO/IEC/IEEE International Standard - Systems and software engineering -- Life cycle processes -- Risk management”；公开目录标为现行（Active），已批准（Approved），著录年份为 2021 年。

published category-science-technology tag-ieee-standard s1 IEEE https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/servlet/opac?punumber=9325906 standard_number=16085-2020; status=Active; modifier=Approved s2 IEEE 2026-11-01 https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/otherfiles/IEEEXplore_Global_All-Standards.txt 2026-11-01T21:10:36+08:00 2026-11-01T21:10:36+08:00 user:admin 1 **IEEE Std 16085-2020**（ISO/IEC/IEEE International Standard - Systems and software engineering -- Life cycle processes -- Risk management）是[[organization_ieee|电气电子工程师学会]]的技术标准。公开目录将其标为现行（Active），已批准（Approved），著录年份为 2021 年，主题领域包括 Computing and Processing[^s1]。参见[[concept_ieee_standards|IEEE 标准]]。 /works/ieee-std-16085-2020-9325906.html en true zh standard 2021 year 2021年 英语 work_ieee_16_2020_9080670 work ieee-std-16-2020-9080670 16-2020 16-2020 - IEEE Standard for Electrical and Electronic Control Apparatus on Rail Vehicles

IEEE Std 16-2020 是电气电子工程师学会的技术标准，题为“IEEE Standard for Electrical and Electronic Control Apparatus on Rail Vehicles”；公开目录标为现行（Active），已批准（Approved），著录年份为 2020 年。

published category-science-technology tag-ieee-standard s1 IEEE https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/servlet/opac?punumber=9080670 standard_number=16-2020; status=Active; modifier=Approved s2 IEEE 2026-11-01 https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/otherfiles/IEEEXplore_Global_All-Standards.txt 2026-11-01T21:10:36+08:00 2026-11-01T21:10:36+08:00 user:admin 1 **IEEE Std 16-2020**（IEEE Standard for Electrical and Electronic Control Apparatus on Rail Vehicles）是[[organization_ieee|电气电子工程师学会]]的技术标准。公开目录将其标为现行（Active），已批准（Approved），著录年份为 2020 年，主题领域包括 Fields, Waves and Electromagnetics、Robotics and Control Systems、Transportation[^s1]。参见[[concept_ieee_standards|IEEE 标准]]。 /works/ieee-std-16-2020-9080670.html en true zh standard 2020 year 2020年 英语 work_ieee_1588g_2022 work ieee-std-1588g-2022 1588g-2022 1588g-2022 - IEEE Standard for a Precision Clock Synchronization Protocol for Networked Measurement and Control Systems Amendment 2: Master-Slave Optional Alternative Terminology

IEEE Std 1588g-2022 是电气电子工程师学会的技术标准，题为“IEEE Standard for a Precision Clock Synchronization Protocol for Networked Measurement and Control Systems Amendment 2: Master-Slave Optional Alternative Terminology”；公开目录标为现行（Active），已批准（Approved），著录年份为 2023 年。

published category-science-technology tag-ieee-standard s1 IEEE https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/servlet/opac?punumber=10070438 standard_number=1588g-2022; status=Active; modifier=Approved s2 IEEE 2026-11-01 https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/otherfiles/IEEEXplore_Global_All-Standards.txt 2026-11-01T21:10:35+08:00 2026-11-01T21:10:35+08:00 user:admin 1 **IEEE Std 1588g-2022**（IEEE Standard for a Precision Clock Synchronization Protocol for Networked Measurement and Control Systems Amendment 2: Master-Slave Optional Alternative Terminology）是[[organization_ieee|电气电子工程师学会]]的技术标准。公开目录将其标为现行（Active），已批准（Approved），著录年份为 2023 年，主题领域包括 Power, Energy and Industry Applications、Robotics and Control Systems[^s1]。参见[[concept_ieee_standards|IEEE 标准]]。 /works/ieee-std-1588g-2022.html en true zh standard 2023 year 2023年 英语 work_ieee_1589_2020 work ieee-std-1589-2020 1589-2020 1589-2020 - IEEE Standard for Augmented Reality Learning Experience Model

IEEE Std 1589-2020 是电气电子工程师学会的技术标准，题为“IEEE Standard for Augmented Reality Learning Experience Model”；公开目录标为现行（Active），已批准（Approved），著录年份为 2020 年。

published category-science-technology tag-ieee-standard s1 IEEE https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/servlet/opac?punumber=9069496 standard_number=1589-2020; status=Active; modifier=Approved s2 IEEE 2026-11-01 https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/otherfiles/IEEEXplore_Global_All-Standards.txt 2026-11-01T21:10:35+08:00 2026-11-01T21:10:35+08:00 user:admin 1 **IEEE Std 1589-2020**（IEEE Standard for Augmented Reality Learning Experience Model）是[[organization_ieee|电气电子工程师学会]]的技术标准。公开目录将其标为现行（Active），已批准（Approved），著录年份为 2020 年，主题领域包括 Computing and Processing[^s1]。参见[[concept_ieee_standards|IEEE 标准]]。 /works/ieee-std-1589-2020.html en true zh standard 2020 year 2020年 英语 work_ieee_1590_2009_5137336 work ieee-std-1590-2009-5137336 1590-2009 1590-2009 - IEEE Recommended Practice for the Electrical Protection of Communication Facilities Serving Electric Supply Locations Using Optical Fiber Systems

IEEE Std 1590-2009 是电气电子工程师学会的技术标准，题为“IEEE Recommended Practice for the Electrical Protection of Communication Facilities Serving Electric Supply Locations Using Optical Fiber Systems”；公开目录标为现行（Active），著录年份为 2009 年。

published category-science-technology tag-ieee-standard s1 IEEE https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/servlet/opac?punumber=5137336 standard_number=1590-2009; status=Active; modifier= s2 IEEE 2026-11-01 https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/otherfiles/IEEEXplore_Global_All-Standards.txt 2026-11-01T21:10:35+08:00 2026-11-01T21:10:35+08:00 user:admin 1 **IEEE Std 1590-2009**（IEEE Recommended Practice for the Electrical Protection of Communication Facilities Serving Electric Supply Locations Using Optical Fiber Systems）是[[organization_ieee|电气电子工程师学会]]的技术标准。公开目录将其标为现行（Active），著录年份为 2009 年，主题领域包括 Communication, Networking and Broadcast Technologies、Power, Energy and Industry Applications[^s1]。参见[[concept_ieee_standards|IEEE 标准]]。 /works/ieee-std-1590-2009-5137336.html en true zh standard 2009 year 2009年 英语 work_ieee_1591_1_2023 work ieee-std-1591-1-2023 1591.1-2023 1591.1-2023 - IEEE Standard for Testing and Performance of Hardware for Optical Ground Wire (OPGW)

IEEE Std 1591.1-2023 是电气电子工程师学会的技术标准，题为“IEEE Standard for Testing and Performance of Hardware for Optical Ground Wire (OPGW)”；公开目录标为现行（Active），已批准（Approved），著录年份为 2024 年。

published category-science-technology tag-ieee-standard s1 IEEE https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/servlet/opac?punumber=10473699 standard_number=1591.1-2023; status=Active; modifier=Approved s2 IEEE 2026-11-01 https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/otherfiles/IEEEXplore_Global_All-Standards.txt 2026-11-01T21:10:35+08:00 2026-11-01T21:10:35+08:00 user:admin 1 **IEEE Std 1591.1-2023**（IEEE Standard for Testing and Performance of Hardware for Optical Ground Wire (OPGW)）是[[organization_ieee|电气电子工程师学会]]的技术标准。公开目录将其标为现行（Active），已批准（Approved），著录年份为 2024 年，主题领域包括 Computing and Processing、Power, Energy and Industry Applications[^s1]。参见[[concept_ieee_standards|IEEE 标准]]。 /works/ieee-std-1591-1-2023.html en true zh standard 2024 year 2024年 英语 work_ieee_1591_2_2017 work ieee-std-1591-2-2017 1591.2-2017 1591.2-2017 - IEEE Standard for Testing and Performance of Hardware for All-Dielectric Self-Supporting (ADSS) Fiber Optic Cable

IEEE Std 1591.2-2017 是电气电子工程师学会的技术标准，题为“IEEE Standard for Testing and Performance of Hardware for All-Dielectric Self-Supporting (ADSS) Fiber Optic Cable”；公开目录标为现行（Active），已批准（Approved），著录年份为 2018 年。

published category-science-technology tag-ieee-standard s1 IEEE https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/servlet/opac?punumber=8316272 standard_number=1591.2-2017; status=Active; modifier=Approved s2 IEEE 2026-11-01 https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/otherfiles/IEEEXplore_Global_All-Standards.txt 2026-11-01T21:10:35+08:00 2026-11-01T21:10:35+08:00 user:admin 1 **IEEE Std 1591.2-2017**（IEEE Standard for Testing and Performance of Hardware for All-Dielectric Self-Supporting (ADSS) Fiber Optic Cable）是[[organization_ieee|电气电子工程师学会]]的技术标准。公开目录将其标为现行（Active），已批准（Approved），著录年份为 2018 年，主题领域包括 Components, Circuits, Devices and Systems、Engineered Materials, Dielectrics and Plasmas、Power, Energy and Industry Applications[^s1]。参见[[concept_ieee_standards|IEEE 标准]]。 /works/ieee-std-1591-2-2017.html en true zh standard 2018 year 2018年 英语 work_ieee_1591_3_2020 work ieee-std-1591-3-2020 1591.3-2020 1591.3-2020 - IEEE Standard for Qualifying Hardware for Helically-Applied Fiber Optic Cable System (WRAP Cable)

IEEE Std 1591.3-2020 是电气电子工程师学会的技术标准，题为“IEEE Standard for Qualifying Hardware for Helically-Applied Fiber Optic Cable System (WRAP Cable)”；公开目录标为现行（Active），已批准（Approved），著录年份为 2021 年。

published category-science-technology tag-ieee-standard s1 IEEE https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/servlet/opac?punumber=9416939 standard_number=1591.3-2020; status=Active; modifier=Approved s2 IEEE 2026-11-01 https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/otherfiles/IEEEXplore_Global_All-Standards.txt 2026-11-01T21:10:35+08:00 2026-11-01T21:10:35+08:00 user:admin 1 **IEEE Std 1591.3-2020**（IEEE Standard for Qualifying Hardware for Helically-Applied Fiber Optic Cable System (WRAP Cable)）是[[organization_ieee|电气电子工程师学会]]的技术标准。公开目录将其标为现行（Active），已批准（Approved），著录年份为 2021 年，主题领域包括 Communication, Networking and Broadcast Technologies、Computing and Processing、Photonics and Electrooptics[^s1]。参见[[concept_ieee_standards|IEEE 标准]]。 /works/ieee-std-1591-3-2020.html en true zh standard 2021 year 2021年 英语 work_ieee_1591_4_2025 work ieee-std-1591-4-2025 1591.4-2025 1591.4-2025 - IEEE Standard for Testing and Performance of Hardware for Optical Phase Conductor (OPPC)

IEEE Std 1591.4-2025 是电气电子工程师学会的技术标准，题为“IEEE Standard for Testing and Performance of Hardware for Optical Phase Conductor (OPPC)”；公开目录标为现行（Active），已批准（Approved），著录年份为 2026 年。

published category-science-technology tag-ieee-standard s1 IEEE https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/servlet/opac?punumber=11474270 standard_number=1591.4-2025; status=Active; modifier=Approved s2 IEEE 2026-11-01 https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/otherfiles/IEEEXplore_Global_All-Standards.txt 2026-11-01T21:10:35+08:00 2026-11-01T21:10:35+08:00 user:admin 1 **IEEE Std 1591.4-2025**（IEEE Standard for Testing and Performance of Hardware for Optical Phase Conductor (OPPC)）是[[organization_ieee|电气电子工程师学会]]的技术标准。公开目录将其标为现行（Active），已批准（Approved），著录年份为 2026 年，主题领域包括 Photonics and Electrooptics、Power, Energy and Industry Applications[^s1]。参见[[concept_ieee_standards|IEEE 标准]]。 /works/ieee-std-1591-4-2025.html en true zh standard 2026 year 2026年 英语 work_ieee_1588b_2022 work ieee-std-1588b-2022 1588b-2022 1588b-2022 - IEEE Standard for a Precision Clock Synchronization Protocol for Networked Measurement and Control Systems Amendment 1: Precision Time Protocol (PTP) Mapping for Transport over the Optica

IEEE Std 1588b-2022 是电气电子工程师学会的技术标准，题为“IEEE Standard for a Precision Clock Synchronization Protocol for Networked Measurement and Control Systems Amendment 1: Precision Time Protocol (PTP) Mapping for Transport over the Optica”；公开目录标为现行（Active），已批准（Approved），著录年份为 2022 年。

published category-science-technology tag-ieee-standard s1 IEEE https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/servlet/opac?punumber=9895346 standard_number=1588b-2022; status=Active; modifier=Approved s2 IEEE 2026-11-01 https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/otherfiles/IEEEXplore_Global_All-Standards.txt 2026-11-01T21:10:34+08:00 2026-11-01T21:10:34+08:00 user:admin 1 **IEEE Std 1588b-2022**（IEEE Standard for a Precision Clock Synchronization Protocol for Networked Measurement and Control Systems Amendment 1: Precision Time Protocol (PTP) Mapping for Transport over the Optica）是[[organization_ieee|电气电子工程师学会]]的技术标准。公开目录将其标为现行（Active），已批准（Approved），著录年份为 2022 年，主题领域包括 Robotics and Control Systems、Power, Energy and Industry Applications[^s1]。参见[[concept_ieee_standards|IEEE 标准]]。 /works/ieee-std-1588b-2022.html en true zh standard 2022 year 2022年 英语 work_ieee_1588c_2024 work ieee-std-1588c-2024 1588c-2024 1588c-2024 - IEEE Standard for a Precision Clock Synchronization Protocol for Networked Measurement and Control Systems Amendment: Clarification of Terminology

IEEE Std 1588c-2024 是电气电子工程师学会的技术标准，题为“IEEE Standard for a Precision Clock Synchronization Protocol for Networked Measurement and Control Systems Amendment: Clarification of Terminology”；公开目录标为现行（Active），已批准（Approved），著录年份为 2024 年。

published category-science-technology tag-ieee-standard s1 IEEE https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/servlet/opac?punumber=10785528 standard_number=1588c-2024; status=Active; modifier=Approved s2 IEEE 2026-11-01 https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/otherfiles/IEEEXplore_Global_All-Standards.txt 2026-11-01T21:10:34+08:00 2026-11-01T21:10:34+08:00 user:admin 1 **IEEE Std 1588c-2024**（IEEE Standard for a Precision Clock Synchronization Protocol for Networked Measurement and Control Systems Amendment: Clarification of Terminology）是[[organization_ieee|电气电子工程师学会]]的技术标准。公开目录将其标为现行（Active），已批准（Approved），著录年份为 2024 年，主题领域包括 Communication, Networking and Broadcast Technologies、Components, Circuits, Devices and Systems、Power, Energy and Industry Applications[^s1]。参见[[concept_ieee_standards|IEEE 标准]]。 /works/ieee-std-1588c-2024.html en true zh standard 2024 year 2024年 英语 work_ieee_1588d_2023_10565820 work ieee-std-1588d-2023-10565820 1588d-2023 1588d-2023 - IEEE Standard for a Precision Clock Synchronization Protocol for Networked Measurement and Control Systems Amendment 4: GDOI (Group Domain of Interpretation) Key Management

IEEE Std 1588d-2023 是电气电子工程师学会的技术标准，题为“IEEE Standard for a Precision Clock Synchronization Protocol for Networked Measurement and Control Systems Amendment 4: GDOI (Group Domain of Interpretation) Key Management”；公开目录标为现行（Active），已批准（Approved），著录年份为 2024 年。

published category-science-technology tag-ieee-standard s1 IEEE https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/servlet/opac?punumber=10565820 standard_number=1588d-2023; status=Active; modifier=Approved s2 IEEE 2026-11-01 https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/otherfiles/IEEEXplore_Global_All-Standards.txt 2026-11-01T21:10:34+08:00 2026-11-01T21:10:34+08:00 user:admin 1 **IEEE Std 1588d-2023**（IEEE Standard for a Precision Clock Synchronization Protocol for Networked Measurement and Control Systems Amendment 4: GDOI (Group Domain of Interpretation) Key Management）是[[organization_ieee|电气电子工程师学会]]的技术标准。公开目录将其标为现行（Active），已批准（Approved），著录年份为 2024 年，主题领域包括 Communication, Networking and Broadcast Technologies、Components, Circuits, Devices and Systems、Robotics and Control Systems[^s1]。参见[[concept_ieee_standards|IEEE 标准]]。 /works/ieee-std-1588d-2023-10565820.html en true zh standard 2024 year 2024年 英语 work_ieee_1588e_2024 work ieee-std-1588e-2024 1588e-2024 1588e-2024 - IEEE Standard for Precision Clock Synchronization Protocol for Networked Measurement and Control Systems Amendment 5: MIB and YANG Modules

IEEE Std 1588e-2024 是电气电子工程师学会的技术标准，题为“IEEE Standard for Precision Clock Synchronization Protocol for Networked Measurement and Control Systems Amendment 5: MIB and YANG Modules”；公开目录标为现行（Active），已批准（Approved），著录年份为 2024 年。

published category-science-technology tag-ieee-standard s1 IEEE https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/servlet/opac?punumber=10530576 standard_number=1588e-2024; status=Active; modifier=Approved s2 IEEE 2026-11-01 https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/otherfiles/IEEEXplore_Global_All-Standards.txt 2026-11-01T21:10:34+08:00 2026-11-01T21:10:34+08:00 user:admin 1 **IEEE Std 1588e-2024**（IEEE Standard for Precision Clock Synchronization Protocol for Networked Measurement and Control Systems Amendment 5: MIB and YANG Modules）是[[organization_ieee|电气电子工程师学会]]的技术标准。公开目录将其标为现行（Active），已批准（Approved），著录年份为 2024 年，主题领域包括 General Topics for Engineers、Power, Energy and Industry Applications[^s1]。参见[[concept_ieee_standards|IEEE 标准]]。 /works/ieee-std-1588e-2024.html en true zh standard 2024 year 2024年 英语 work_ieee_1588_2002 work ieee-std-1588-2002 1588-2002 1588-2002 - IEEE Standard for a Precision Clock Synchronization Protocol for Networked Measurement and Control Systems

IEEE Std 1588-2002 是电气电子工程师学会的技术标准，题为“IEEE Standard for a Precision Clock Synchronization Protocol for Networked Measurement and Control Systems”；公开目录标为现行（Active），著录年份为 2002 年。

published category-science-technology tag-ieee-standard s1 IEEE https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/servlet/opac?punumber=8117 standard_number=1588-2002; status=Active; modifier= s2 IEEE 2026-11-01 https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/otherfiles/IEEEXplore_Global_All-Standards.txt 2026-11-01T21:10:28+08:00 2026-11-01T21:10:28+08:00 user:admin 1 **IEEE Std 1588-2002**（IEEE Standard for a Precision Clock Synchronization Protocol for Networked Measurement and Control Systems）是[[organization_ieee|电气电子工程师学会]]的技术标准。公开目录将其标为现行（Active），著录年份为 2002 年，主题领域包括 Components, Circuits, Devices and Systems[^s1]。参见[[concept_ieee_standards|IEEE 标准]]。 /works/ieee-std-1588-2002.html en true zh standard 2002 year 2002年 英语 work_ieee_1588_2019 work ieee-std-1588-2019 1588-2019 1588-2019 - IEEE Standard for a Precision Clock Synchronization Protocol for Networked Measurement and Control Systems

IEEE Std 1588-2019 是电气电子工程师学会的技术标准，题为“IEEE Standard for a Precision Clock Synchronization Protocol for Networked Measurement and Control Systems”；公开目录标为现行（Active），已批准（Approved），著录年份为 2020 年。

published category-science-technology tag-ieee-standard s1 IEEE https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/servlet/opac?punumber=9120374 standard_number=1588-2019; status=Active; modifier=Approved s2 IEEE 2026-11-01 https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/otherfiles/IEEEXplore_Global_All-Standards.txt 2026-11-01T21:10:28+08:00 2026-11-01T21:10:28+08:00 user:admin 1 **IEEE Std 1588-2019**（IEEE Standard for a Precision Clock Synchronization Protocol for Networked Measurement and Control Systems）是[[organization_ieee|电气电子工程师学会]]的技术标准。公开目录将其标为现行（Active），已批准（Approved），著录年份为 2020 年，主题领域包括 Communication, Networking and Broadcast Technologies、Components, Circuits, Devices and Systems、Computing and Processing[^s1]。参见[[concept_ieee_standards|IEEE 标准]]。 /works/ieee-std-1588-2019.html en true zh standard 2020 year 2020年 英语 work_ieee_1588a_2023 work ieee-std-1588a-2023 1588a-2023 1588a-2023 - IEEE Standard for a Precision Clock Synchronization Protocol for Networked Measurement and Control Systems Amendment 3: Precision Time Protocol (PTP) Enhancements for Best Master Clock Al

IEEE Std 1588a-2023 是电气电子工程师学会的技术标准，题为“IEEE Standard for a Precision Clock Synchronization Protocol for Networked Measurement and Control Systems Amendment 3: Precision Time Protocol (PTP) Enhancements for Best Master Clock Al”；公开目录标为现行（Active），已批准（Approved），著录年份为 2023 年。

published category-science-technology tag-ieee-standard s1 IEEE https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/servlet/opac?punumber=10347016 standard_number=1588a-2023; status=Active; modifier=Approved s2 IEEE 2026-11-01 https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/otherfiles/IEEEXplore_Global_All-Standards.txt 2026-11-01T21:10:28+08:00 2026-11-01T21:10:28+08:00 user:admin 1 **IEEE Std 1588a-2023**（IEEE Standard for a Precision Clock Synchronization Protocol for Networked Measurement and Control Systems Amendment 3: Precision Time Protocol (PTP) Enhancements for Best Master Clock Al）是[[organization_ieee|电气电子工程师学会]]的技术标准。公开目录将其标为现行（Active），已批准（Approved），著录年份为 2023 年，主题领域包括 Communication, Networking and Broadcast Technologies、Components, Circuits, Devices and Systems、Power, Energy and Industry Applications[^s1]。参见[[concept_ieee_standards|IEEE 标准]]。 /works/ieee-std-1588a-2023.html en true zh standard 2023 year 2023年 英语 work_ieee_1584_1_2022_11449046 work ieee-std-1584-1-2022-11449046 1584.1-2022 1584.1-2022 - IEEE Guide for the Specification of Scope and Deliverable Requirements for an Arc-Flash Hazard Calculation Study in Accordance with IEEE Std 1584 - SPANISH VERSION

IEEE Std 1584.1-2022 是电气电子工程师学会的技术标准，题为“IEEE Guide for the Specification of Scope and Deliverable Requirements for an Arc-Flash Hazard Calculation Study in Accordance with IEEE Std 1584 - SPANISH VERSION”；公开目录标为现行（Active），已批准（Approved），著录年份为 2022 年。

published category-science-technology tag-ieee-standard s1 IEEE https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/servlet/opac?punumber=11449046 standard_number=1584.1-2022; status=Active; modifier=Approved s2 IEEE 2026-11-01 https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/otherfiles/IEEEXplore_Global_All-Standards.txt 2026-11-01T21:10:27+08:00 2026-11-01T21:10:27+08:00 user:admin 1 **IEEE Std 1584.1-2022**（IEEE Guide for the Specification of Scope and Deliverable Requirements for an Arc-Flash Hazard Calculation Study in Accordance with IEEE Std 1584 - SPANISH VERSION）是[[organization_ieee|电气电子工程师学会]]的技术标准。公开目录将其标为现行（Active），已批准（Approved），著录年份为 2022 年，主题领域包括 Power, Energy and Industry Applications、Fields, Waves and Electromagnetics[^s1]。参见[[concept_ieee_standards|IEEE 标准]]。 /works/ieee-std-1584-1-2022-11449046.html en true zh standard 2022 year 2022年 英语 work_ieee_1584_1_2022_9825491 work ieee-std-1584-1-2022-9825491 1584.1-2022 1584.1-2022 - IEEE Guide for the Specification of Scope and Deliverable Requirements for an Arc-Flash Hazard Calculation Study in Accordance with IEEE Std 1584

IEEE Std 1584.1-2022 是电气电子工程师学会的技术标准，题为“IEEE Guide for the Specification of Scope and Deliverable Requirements for an Arc-Flash Hazard Calculation Study in Accordance with IEEE Std 1584”；公开目录标为现行（Active），已批准（Approved），著录年份为 2022 年。

published category-science-technology tag-ieee-standard s1 IEEE https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/servlet/opac?punumber=9825491 standard_number=1584.1-2022; status=Active; modifier=Approved s2 IEEE 2026-11-01 https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/otherfiles/IEEEXplore_Global_All-Standards.txt 2026-11-01T21:10:27+08:00 2026-11-01T21:10:27+08:00 user:admin 1 **IEEE Std 1584.1-2022**（IEEE Guide for the Specification of Scope and Deliverable Requirements for an Arc-Flash Hazard Calculation Study in Accordance with IEEE Std 1584）是[[organization_ieee|电气电子工程师学会]]的技术标准。公开目录将其标为现行（Active），已批准（Approved），著录年份为 2022 年，主题领域包括 Engineered Materials, Dielectrics and Plasmas、Power, Energy and Industry Applications[^s1]。参见[[concept_ieee_standards|IEEE 标准]]。 /works/ieee-std-1584-1-2022-9825491.html en true zh standard 2022 year 2022年 英语 work_ieee_1584_2018_11421683 work ieee-std-1584-2018-11421683 1584-2018 1584-2018 - IEEE Guide for Performing Arc-Flash Hazard Calculations - SPANISH VERSION

IEEE Std 1584-2018 是电气电子工程师学会的技术标准，题为“IEEE Guide for Performing Arc-Flash Hazard Calculations - SPANISH VERSION”；公开目录标为现行（Active），已批准（Approved），著录年份为 2018 年。

published category-science-technology tag-ieee-standard s1 IEEE https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/servlet/opac?punumber=11421683 standard_number=1584-2018; status=Active; modifier=Approved s2 IEEE 2026-11-01 https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/otherfiles/IEEEXplore_Global_All-Standards.txt 2026-11-01T21:10:27+08:00 2026-11-01T21:10:27+08:00 user:admin 1 **IEEE Std 1584-2018**（IEEE Guide for Performing Arc-Flash Hazard Calculations - SPANISH VERSION）是[[organization_ieee|电气电子工程师学会]]的技术标准。公开目录将其标为现行（Active），已批准（Approved），著录年份为 2018 年，主题领域包括 Power, Energy and Industry Applications[^s1]。参见[[concept_ieee_standards|IEEE 标准]]。 /works/ieee-std-1584-2018-11421683.html en true zh standard 2018 year 2018年 英语 work_ieee_1584_2_2025 work ieee-std-1584-2-2025 1584.2-2025 1584.2-2025 - IEEE Guide and Checklists for Data Collection for Performing an Arc-Flash Hazard Calculation Study in Accordance with IEEE Std 1584™ and IEEE Std 1584.1™ for Systems Operating at Three-P

IEEE Std 1584.2-2025 是电气电子工程师学会的技术标准，题为“IEEE Guide and Checklists for Data Collection for Performing an Arc-Flash Hazard Calculation Study in Accordance with IEEE Std 1584™ and IEEE Std 1584.1™ for Systems Operating at Three-P”；公开目录标为现行（Active），已批准（Approved），著录年份为 2025 年。

published category-science-technology tag-ieee-standard s1 IEEE https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/servlet/opac?punumber=11174073 standard_number=1584.2-2025; status=Active; modifier=Approved s2 IEEE 2026-11-01 https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/otherfiles/IEEEXplore_Global_All-Standards.txt 2026-11-01T21:10:27+08:00 2026-11-01T21:10:27+08:00 user:admin 1 **IEEE Std 1584.2-2025**（IEEE Guide and Checklists for Data Collection for Performing an Arc-Flash Hazard Calculation Study in Accordance with IEEE Std 1584™ and IEEE Std 1584.1™ for Systems Operating at Three-P）是[[organization_ieee|电气电子工程师学会]]的技术标准。公开目录将其标为现行（Active），已批准（Approved），著录年份为 2025 年，主题领域包括 Computing and Processing、Fields, Waves and Electromagnetics[^s1]。参见[[concept_ieee_standards|IEEE 标准]]。 /works/ieee-std-1584-2-2025.html en true zh standard 2025 year 2025年 英语 work_ieee_1580a_2024 work ieee-std-1580a-2024 1580a-2024 1580a-2024 - IEEE Recommended Practice for Marine Cable for Use on Shipboard and Fixed or Floating Facilities Amendment 1: Offshore Wind Electrical Substation Cables

IEEE Std 1580a-2024 是电气电子工程师学会的技术标准，题为“IEEE Recommended Practice for Marine Cable for Use on Shipboard and Fixed or Floating Facilities Amendment 1: Offshore Wind Electrical Substation Cables”；公开目录标为现行（Active），已批准（Approved），著录年份为 2024 年。

published category-science-technology tag-ieee-standard s1 IEEE https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/servlet/opac?punumber=10755993 standard_number=1580a-2024; status=Active; modifier=Approved s2 IEEE 2026-11-01 https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/otherfiles/IEEEXplore_Global_All-Standards.txt 2026-11-01T21:10:26+08:00 2026-11-01T21:10:26+08:00 user:admin 1 **IEEE Std 1580a-2024**（IEEE Recommended Practice for Marine Cable for Use on Shipboard and Fixed or Floating Facilities Amendment 1: Offshore Wind Electrical Substation Cables）是[[organization_ieee|电气电子工程师学会]]的技术标准。公开目录将其标为现行（Active），已批准（Approved），著录年份为 2024 年，主题领域包括 Transportation、Power, Energy and Industry Applications、Communication, Networking and Broadcast Technologies[^s1]。参见[[concept_ieee_standards|IEEE 标准]]。 /works/ieee-std-1580a-2024.html en true zh standard 2024 year 2024年 英语 work_ieee_1581_2025 work ieee-std-1581-2025 1581-2025 1581-2025 - IEEE Standard for Static Component Interconnection Test Protocol and Architecture

IEEE Std 1581-2025 是电气电子工程师学会的技术标准，题为“IEEE Standard for Static Component Interconnection Test Protocol and Architecture”；公开目录标为现行（Active），已批准（Approved），著录年份为 2026 年。

published category-science-technology tag-ieee-standard s1 IEEE https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/servlet/opac?punumber=11600795 standard_number=1581-2025; status=Active; modifier=Approved s2 IEEE 2026-11-01 https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/otherfiles/IEEEXplore_Global_All-Standards.txt 2026-11-01T21:10:26+08:00 2026-11-01T21:10:26+08:00 user:admin 1 **IEEE Std 1581-2025**（IEEE Standard for Static Component Interconnection Test Protocol and Architecture）是[[organization_ieee|电气电子工程师学会]]的技术标准。公开目录将其标为现行（Active），已批准（Approved），著录年份为 2026 年，主题领域包括 Components, Circuits, Devices and Systems、Power, Energy and Industry Applications[^s1]。参见[[concept_ieee_standards|IEEE 标准]]。 /works/ieee-std-1581-2025.html en true zh standard 2026 year 2026年 英语 work_ieee_1584_2018_8563137 work ieee-std-1584-2018-8563137 1584-2018 1584-2018 - IEEE Guide for Performing Arc-Flash Hazard Calculations

IEEE Std 1584-2018 是电气电子工程师学会的技术标准，题为“IEEE Guide for Performing Arc-Flash Hazard Calculations”；公开目录标为现行（Active），已批准（Approved），著录年份为 2018 年。

published category-science-technology tag-ieee-standard s1 IEEE https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/servlet/opac?punumber=8563137 standard_number=1584-2018; status=Active; modifier=Approved s2 IEEE 2026-11-01 https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/otherfiles/IEEEXplore_Global_All-Standards.txt 2026-11-01T21:10:26+08:00 2026-11-01T21:10:26+08:00 user:admin 1 **IEEE Std 1584-2018**（IEEE Guide for Performing Arc-Flash Hazard Calculations）是[[organization_ieee|电气电子工程师学会]]的技术标准。公开目录将其标为现行（Active），已批准（Approved），著录年份为 2018 年，主题领域包括 Components, Circuits, Devices and Systems、Power, Energy and Industry Applications[^s1]。参见[[concept_ieee_standards|IEEE 标准]]。 /works/ieee-std-1584-2018-8563137.html en true zh standard 2018 year 2018年 英语 work_ieee_1561_2019_8736083 work ieee-std-1561-2019-8736083 1561-2019 1561-2019 - IEEE Guide for Optimizing the Performance and Life of Lead-Acid Batteries in Remote Hybrid Power Systems

IEEE Std 1561-2019 是电气电子工程师学会的技术标准，题为“IEEE Guide for Optimizing the Performance and Life of Lead-Acid Batteries in Remote Hybrid Power Systems”；公开目录标为现行（Active），已批准（Approved），著录年份为 2019 年。

published category-science-technology tag-ieee-standard s1 IEEE https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/servlet/opac?punumber=8736083 standard_number=1561-2019; status=Active; modifier=Approved s2 IEEE 2026-11-01 https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/otherfiles/IEEEXplore_Global_All-Standards.txt 2026-11-01T21:10:25+08:00 2026-11-01T21:10:25+08:00 user:admin 1 **IEEE Std 1561-2019**（IEEE Guide for Optimizing the Performance and Life of Lead-Acid Batteries in Remote Hybrid Power Systems）是[[organization_ieee|电气电子工程师学会]]的技术标准。公开目录将其标为现行（Active），已批准（Approved），著录年份为 2019 年，主题领域包括 Components, Circuits, Devices and Systems、Engineered Materials, Dielectrics and Plasmas、Power, Energy and Industry Applications[^s1]。参见[[concept_ieee_standards|IEEE 标准]]。 /works/ieee-std-1561-2019-8736083.html en true zh standard 2019 year 2019年 英语 work_ieee_1562_2021_9528314 work ieee-std-1562-2021-9528314 1562-2021 1562-2021 - IEEE Recommended Practice for Sizing Stand-Alone Photovoltaic (PV) Systems

IEEE Std 1562-2021 是电气电子工程师学会的技术标准，题为“IEEE Recommended Practice for Sizing Stand-Alone Photovoltaic (PV) Systems”；公开目录标为现行（Active），已批准（Approved），著录年份为 2021 年。

published category-science-technology tag-ieee-standard s1 IEEE https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/servlet/opac?punumber=9528314 standard_number=1562-2021; status=Active; modifier=Approved s2 IEEE 2026-11-01 https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/otherfiles/IEEEXplore_Global_All-Standards.txt 2026-11-01T21:10:25+08:00 2026-11-01T21:10:25+08:00 user:admin 1 **IEEE Std 1562-2021**（IEEE Recommended Practice for Sizing Stand-Alone Photovoltaic (PV) Systems）是[[organization_ieee|电气电子工程师学会]]的技术标准。公开目录将其标为现行（Active），已批准（Approved），著录年份为 2021 年，主题领域包括 Photonics and Electrooptics[^s1]。参见[[concept_ieee_standards|IEEE 标准]]。 /works/ieee-std-1562-2021-9528314.html en true zh standard 2021 year 2021年 英语 work_ieee_1573_2021_9775770 work ieee-std-1573-2021-9775770 1573-2021 1573-2021 - IEEE Recommended Practice for Electronic Power Subsystems: Parameters, Interfaces, Elements, and Performance

IEEE Std 1573-2021 是电气电子工程师学会的技术标准，题为“IEEE Recommended Practice for Electronic Power Subsystems: Parameters, Interfaces, Elements, and Performance”；公开目录标为现行（Active），已批准（Approved），著录年份为 2022 年。

published category-science-technology tag-ieee-standard s1 IEEE https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/servlet/opac?punumber=9775770 standard_number=1573-2021; status=Active; modifier=Approved s2 IEEE 2026-11-01 https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/otherfiles/IEEEXplore_Global_All-Standards.txt 2026-11-01T21:10:25+08:00 2026-11-01T21:10:25+08:00 user:admin 1 **IEEE Std 1573-2021**（IEEE Recommended Practice for Electronic Power Subsystems: Parameters, Interfaces, Elements, and Performance）是[[organization_ieee|电气电子工程师学会]]的技术标准。公开目录将其标为现行（Active），已批准（Approved），著录年份为 2022 年，主题领域包括 Components, Circuits, Devices and Systems、Power, Energy and Industry Applications[^s1]。参见[[concept_ieee_standards|IEEE 标准]]。 /works/ieee-std-1573-2021-9775770.html en true zh standard 2022 year 2022年 英语 work_ieee_1578_2018_8694177 work ieee-std-1578-2018-8694177 1578-2018 1578-2018 - IEEE Recommended Practice for Stationary Battery Electrolyte Spill Containment and Management

IEEE Std 1578-2018 是电气电子工程师学会的技术标准，题为“IEEE Recommended Practice for Stationary Battery Electrolyte Spill Containment and Management”；公开目录标为现行（Active），已批准（Approved），著录年份为 2019 年。

published category-science-technology tag-ieee-standard s1 IEEE https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/servlet/opac?punumber=8694177 standard_number=1578-2018; status=Active; modifier=Approved s2 IEEE 2026-11-01 https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/otherfiles/IEEEXplore_Global_All-Standards.txt 2026-11-01T21:10:25+08:00 2026-11-01T21:10:25+08:00 user:admin 1 **IEEE Std 1578-2018**（IEEE Recommended Practice for Stationary Battery Electrolyte Spill Containment and Management）是[[organization_ieee|电气电子工程师学会]]的技术标准。公开目录将其标为现行（Active），已批准（Approved），著录年份为 2019 年，主题领域包括 Components, Circuits, Devices and Systems、Engineered Materials, Dielectrics and Plasmas、Power, Energy and Industry Applications[^s1]。参见[[concept_ieee_standards|IEEE 标准]]。 /works/ieee-std-1578-2018-8694177.html en true zh standard 2019 year 2019年 英语 work_ieee_1580_2021_9741446 work ieee-std-1580-2021-9741446 1580-2021 1580-2021 - IEEE Recommended Practice for Marine Cable for Use on Shipboard and Fixed or Floating Facilities

IEEE Std 1580-2021 是电气电子工程师学会的技术标准，题为“IEEE Recommended Practice for Marine Cable for Use on Shipboard and Fixed or Floating Facilities”；公开目录标为现行（Active），已批准（Approved），著录年份为 2022 年。

published category-science-technology tag-ieee-standard s1 IEEE https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/servlet/opac?punumber=9741446 standard_number=1580-2021; status=Active; modifier=Approved s2 IEEE 2026-11-01 https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/otherfiles/IEEEXplore_Global_All-Standards.txt 2026-11-01T21:10:25+08:00 2026-11-01T21:10:25+08:00 user:admin 1 **IEEE Std 1580-2021**（IEEE Recommended Practice for Marine Cable for Use on Shipboard and Fixed or Floating Facilities）是[[organization_ieee|电气电子工程师学会]]的技术标准。公开目录将其标为现行（Active），已批准（Approved），著录年份为 2022 年，主题领域包括 Components, Circuits, Devices and Systems、Transportation、Power, Energy and Industry Applications[^s1]。参见[[concept_ieee_standards|IEEE 标准]]。 /works/ieee-std-1580-2021-9741446.html en true zh standard 2022 year 2022年 英语 work_ieee_1559_2022_9961158 work ieee-std-1559-2022-9961158 1559-2022 1559-2022 - IEEE Standard for Inertial Systems Terminology

IEEE Std 1559-2022 是电气电子工程师学会的技术标准，题为“IEEE Standard for Inertial Systems Terminology”；公开目录标为现行（Active），已批准（Approved），著录年份为 2022 年。

published category-science-technology tag-ieee-standard s1 IEEE https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/servlet/opac?punumber=9961158 standard_number=1559-2022; status=Active; modifier=Approved s2 IEEE 2026-11-01 https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/otherfiles/IEEEXplore_Global_All-Standards.txt 2026-11-01T21:10:24+08:00 2026-11-01T21:10:24+08:00 user:admin 1 **IEEE Std 1559-2022**（IEEE Standard for Inertial Systems Terminology）是[[organization_ieee|电气电子工程师学会]]的技术标准。公开目录将其标为现行（Active），已批准（Approved），著录年份为 2022 年，主题领域包括 Aerospace[^s1]。参见[[concept_ieee_standards|IEEE 标准]]。 /works/ieee-std-1559-2022-9961158.html en true zh standard 2022 year 2022年 英语 work_ieee_1547_9_2022_11421677 work ieee-std-1547-9-2022-11421677 1547.9-2022 1547.9-2022 - IEEE Guide for Using IEEE Std 1547 for Interconnection of Energy Storage Distributed Energy Resources with Electric Power Systems - SPANISH VERSION

IEEE Std 1547.9-2022 是电气电子工程师学会的技术标准，题为“IEEE Guide for Using IEEE Std 1547 for Interconnection of Energy Storage Distributed Energy Resources with Electric Power Systems - SPANISH VERSION”；公开目录标为现行（Active），已批准（Approved），著录年份为 2022 年。

published category-science-technology tag-ieee-standard s1 IEEE https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/servlet/opac?punumber=11421677 standard_number=1547.9-2022; status=Active; modifier=Approved s2 IEEE 2026-11-01 https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/otherfiles/IEEEXplore_Global_All-Standards.txt 2026-11-01T21:10:19+08:00 2026-11-01T21:10:19+08:00 user:admin 1 **IEEE Std 1547.9-2022**（IEEE Guide for Using IEEE Std 1547 for Interconnection of Energy Storage Distributed Energy Resources with Electric Power Systems - SPANISH VERSION）是[[organization_ieee|电气电子工程师学会]]的技术标准。公开目录将其标为现行（Active），已批准（Approved），著录年份为 2022 年，主题领域包括 Fields, Waves and Electromagnetics、Power, Energy and Industry Applications[^s1]。参见[[concept_ieee_standards|IEEE 标准]]。 /works/ieee-std-1547-9-2022-11421677.html en true zh standard 2022 year 2022年 英语 work_ieee_1547_9_2022_9849491 work ieee-std-1547-9-2022-9849491 1547.9-2022 1547.9-2022 - IEEE Guide for Using IEEE Std 1547 for Interconnection of Energy Storage Distributed Energy Resources with Electric Power Systems

IEEE Std 1547.9-2022 是电气电子工程师学会的技术标准，题为“IEEE Guide for Using IEEE Std 1547 for Interconnection of Energy Storage Distributed Energy Resources with Electric Power Systems”；公开目录标为现行（Active），已批准（Approved），著录年份为 2022 年。

published category-science-technology tag-ieee-standard s1 IEEE https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/servlet/opac?punumber=9849491 standard_number=1547.9-2022; status=Active; modifier=Approved s2 IEEE 2026-11-01 https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/otherfiles/IEEEXplore_Global_All-Standards.txt 2026-11-01T21:10:19+08:00 2026-11-01T21:10:19+08:00 user:admin 1 **IEEE Std 1547.9-2022**（IEEE Guide for Using IEEE Std 1547 for Interconnection of Energy Storage Distributed Energy Resources with Electric Power Systems）是[[organization_ieee|电气电子工程师学会]]的技术标准。公开目录将其标为现行（Active），已批准（Approved），著录年份为 2022 年，主题领域包括 Components, Circuits, Devices and Systems、Power, Energy and Industry Applications、Fields, Waves and Electromagnetics[^s1]。参见[[concept_ieee_standards|IEEE 标准]]。 /works/ieee-std-1547-9-2022-9849491.html en true zh standard 2022 year 2022年 英语 work_ieee_1547a_2020 work ieee-std-1547a-2020 1547a-2020 1547a-2020 - IEEE Standard for Interconnection and Interoperability of Distributed Energy Resources with Associated Electric Power Systems Interfaces--Amendment 1: To Provide More Flexibility for Adop

IEEE Std 1547a-2020 是电气电子工程师学会的技术标准，题为“IEEE Standard for Interconnection and Interoperability of Distributed Energy Resources with Associated Electric Power Systems Interfaces--Amendment 1: To Provide More Flexibility for Adop”；公开目录标为现行（Active），已批准（Approved），著录年份为 2020 年。

published category-science-technology tag-ieee-standard s1 IEEE https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/servlet/opac?punumber=9069493 standard_number=1547a-2020; status=Active; modifier=Approved s2 IEEE 2026-11-01 https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/otherfiles/IEEEXplore_Global_All-Standards.txt 2026-11-01T21:10:19+08:00 2026-11-01T21:10:19+08:00 user:admin 1 **IEEE Std 1547a-2020**（IEEE Standard for Interconnection and Interoperability of Distributed Energy Resources with Associated Electric Power Systems Interfaces--Amendment 1: To Provide More Flexibility for Adop）是[[organization_ieee|电气电子工程师学会]]的技术标准。公开目录将其标为现行（Active），已批准（Approved），著录年份为 2020 年，主题领域包括 Components, Circuits, Devices and Systems、Power, Energy and Industry Applications、Photonics and Electrooptics[^s1]。参见[[concept_ieee_standards|IEEE 标准]]。 /works/ieee-std-1547a-2020.html en true zh standard 2020 year 2020年 英语 work_ieee_1553_2025 work ieee-std-1553-2025 1553-2025 1553-2025 - IEEE Standard for Voltage-Endurance Testing of Form-Wound Coils and Bars for Hydro Generators

IEEE Std 1553-2025 是电气电子工程师学会的技术标准，题为“IEEE Standard for Voltage-Endurance Testing of Form-Wound Coils and Bars for Hydro Generators”；公开目录标为现行（Active），已批准（Approved），著录年份为 2025 年。

published category-science-technology tag-ieee-standard s1 IEEE https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/servlet/opac?punumber=11261414 standard_number=1553-2025; status=Active; modifier=Approved s2 IEEE 2026-11-01 https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/otherfiles/IEEEXplore_Global_All-Standards.txt 2026-11-01T21:10:19+08:00 2026-11-01T21:10:19+08:00 user:admin 1 **IEEE Std 1553-2025**（IEEE Standard for Voltage-Endurance Testing of Form-Wound Coils and Bars for Hydro Generators）是[[organization_ieee|电气电子工程师学会]]的技术标准。公开目录将其标为现行（Active），已批准（Approved），著录年份为 2025 年，主题领域包括 Fields, Waves and Electromagnetics、Power, Energy and Industry Applications[^s1]。参见[[concept_ieee_standards|IEEE 标准]]。 /works/ieee-std-1553-2025.html en true zh standard 2025 year 2025年 英语 work_ieee_1547_2_2023 work ieee-std-1547-2-2023 1547.2-2023 1547.2-2023 - IEEE Application Guide for IEEE Std 1547™‐2018, IEEE Standard for Interconnection and Interoperability of Distributed Energy Resources with Associated Electric Power Systems Interfaces

IEEE Std 1547.2-2023 是电气电子工程师学会的技术标准，题为“IEEE Application Guide for IEEE Std 1547™‐2018, IEEE Standard for Interconnection and Interoperability of Distributed Energy Resources with Associated Electric Power Systems Interfaces”；公开目录标为现行（Active），已批准（Approved），著录年份为 2024 年。

published category-science-technology tag-ieee-standard s1 IEEE https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/servlet/opac?punumber=10534226 standard_number=1547.2-2023; status=Active; modifier=Approved s2 IEEE 2026-11-01 https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/otherfiles/IEEEXplore_Global_All-Standards.txt 2026-11-01T21:10:18+08:00 2026-11-01T21:10:18+08:00 user:admin 1 **IEEE Std 1547.2-2023**（IEEE Application Guide for IEEE Std 1547™‐2018, IEEE Standard for Interconnection and Interoperability of Distributed Energy Resources with Associated Electric Power Systems Interfaces）是[[organization_ieee|电气电子工程师学会]]的技术标准。公开目录将其标为现行（Active），已批准（Approved），著录年份为 2024 年，主题领域包括 Fields, Waves and Electromagnetics、Power, Energy and Industry Applications[^s1]。参见[[concept_ieee_standards|IEEE 标准]]。 /works/ieee-std-1547-2-2023.html en true zh standard 2024 year 2024年 英语 work_ieee_1547_3_2023_10352400 work ieee-std-1547-3-2023-10352400 1547.3-2023 1547.3-2023 - IEEE Guide for Cybersecurity of Distributed Energy Resources Interconnected with Electric Power Systems

IEEE Std 1547.3-2023 是电气电子工程师学会的技术标准，题为“IEEE Guide for Cybersecurity of Distributed Energy Resources Interconnected with Electric Power Systems”；公开目录标为现行（Active），已批准（Approved），著录年份为 2023 年。

published category-science-technology tag-ieee-standard s1 IEEE https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/servlet/opac?punumber=10352400 standard_number=1547.3-2023; status=Active; modifier=Approved s2 IEEE 2026-11-01 https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/otherfiles/IEEEXplore_Global_All-Standards.txt 2026-11-01T21:10:18+08:00 2026-11-01T21:10:18+08:00 user:admin 1 **IEEE Std 1547.3-2023**（IEEE Guide for Cybersecurity of Distributed Energy Resources Interconnected with Electric Power Systems）是[[organization_ieee|电气电子工程师学会]]的技术标准。公开目录将其标为现行（Active），已批准（Approved），著录年份为 2023 年，主题领域包括 Components, Circuits, Devices and Systems、Fields, Waves and Electromagnetics、Power, Energy and Industry Applications[^s1]。参见[[concept_ieee_standards|IEEE 标准]]。 /works/ieee-std-1547-3-2023-10352400.html en true zh standard 2023 year 2023年 英语 work_ieee_1546_2000 work ieee-std-1546-2000 1546-2000 1546-2000 - IEEE Guide for Digital Test Interchange Format (DTIF) Application

IEEE Std 1546-2000 是电气电子工程师学会的技术标准，题为“IEEE Guide for Digital Test Interchange Format (DTIF) Application”；公开目录标为现行（Active），已批准（Approved），著录年份为 2001 年。

published category-science-technology tag-ieee-standard s1 IEEE https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/servlet/opac?punumber=7296 standard_number=1546-2000; status=Active; modifier=Approved s2 IEEE 2026-11-01 https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/otherfiles/IEEEXplore_Global_All-Standards.txt 2026-11-01T21:10:17+08:00 2026-11-01T21:10:17+08:00 user:admin 1 **IEEE Std 1546-2000**（IEEE Guide for Digital Test Interchange Format (DTIF) Application）是[[organization_ieee|电气电子工程师学会]]的技术标准。公开目录将其标为现行（Active），已批准（Approved），著录年份为 2001 年，主题领域包括 Power, Energy and Industry Applications、Components, Circuits, Devices and Systems[^s1]。参见[[concept_ieee_standards|IEEE 标准]]。 /works/ieee-std-1546-2000.html en true zh standard 2001 year 2001年 英语 work_ieee_1547_1_2020_11421680 work ieee-std-1547-1-2020-11421680 1547.1-2020 1547.1-2020 - IEEE Standard Conformance Test Procedures for Equipment Interconnecting Distributed Energy Resources with Electric Power Systems and Associated Interfaces - SPANISH VERSION

IEEE Std 1547.1-2020 是电气电子工程师学会的技术标准，题为“IEEE Standard Conformance Test Procedures for Equipment Interconnecting Distributed Energy Resources with Electric Power Systems and Associated Interfaces - SPANISH VERSION”；公开目录标为现行（Active），已批准（Approved），著录年份为 2020 年。

published category-science-technology tag-ieee-standard s1 IEEE https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/servlet/opac?punumber=11421680 standard_number=1547.1-2020; status=Active; modifier=Approved s2 IEEE 2026-11-01 https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/otherfiles/IEEEXplore_Global_All-Standards.txt 2026-11-01T21:10:17+08:00 2026-11-01T21:10:17+08:00 user:admin 1 **IEEE Std 1547.1-2020**（IEEE Standard Conformance Test Procedures for Equipment Interconnecting Distributed Energy Resources with Electric Power Systems and Associated Interfaces - SPANISH VERSION）是[[organization_ieee|电气电子工程师学会]]的技术标准。公开目录将其标为现行（Active），已批准（Approved），著录年份为 2020 年，主题领域包括 Fields, Waves and Electromagnetics、Power, Energy and Industry Applications[^s1]。参见[[concept_ieee_standards|IEEE 标准]]。 /works/ieee-std-1547-1-2020-11421680.html en true zh standard 2020 year 2020年 英语 work_ieee_1547_1_2020_9097532 work ieee-std-1547-1-2020-9097532 1547.1-2020 1547.1-2020 - IEEE Standard Conformance Test Procedures for Equipment Interconnecting Distributed Energy Resources with Electric Power Systems and Associated Interfaces

IEEE Std 1547.1-2020 是电气电子工程师学会的技术标准，题为“IEEE Standard Conformance Test Procedures for Equipment Interconnecting Distributed Energy Resources with Electric Power Systems and Associated Interfaces”；公开目录标为现行（Active），已批准（Approved），著录年份为 2020 年。

published category-science-technology tag-ieee-standard s1 IEEE https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/servlet/opac?punumber=9097532 standard_number=1547.1-2020; status=Active; modifier=Approved s2 IEEE 2026-11-01 https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/otherfiles/IEEEXplore_Global_All-Standards.txt 2026-11-01T21:10:17+08:00 2026-11-01T21:10:17+08:00 user:admin 1 **IEEE Std 1547.1-2020**（IEEE Standard Conformance Test Procedures for Equipment Interconnecting Distributed Energy Resources with Electric Power Systems and Associated Interfaces）是[[organization_ieee|电气电子工程师学会]]的技术标准。公开目录将其标为现行（Active），已批准（Approved），著录年份为 2020 年，主题领域包括 Components, Circuits, Devices and Systems、Fields, Waves and Electromagnetics、Power, Energy and Industry Applications[^s1]。参见[[concept_ieee_standards|IEEE 标准]]。 /works/ieee-std-1547-1-2020-9097532.html en true zh standard 2020 year 2020年 英语 en 197 50 11882 238 /en/works-196.xml?type=work /en/works-198.xml?type=work