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        <title>Guide to the Software Engineering Body of Knowledge (SWEBOK Guide) v4.0a</title>
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    <body>这些活动包括在目标运行环境中部署和配置软件，以及在使用期间监视和管理应用。软件投入运行后，还要处理被发现的缺陷、系统软件环境和硬件随时间的变化，以及新出现的用户需求。指南把软件工程运行视为系统和软件生存周期过程的一部分。运行方面的实践早先由 IT 基础设施库发表，随后被行业接受，并被归纳进 IEEE 20000 标准。第 4 版将这一领域单列为知识域，以反映开发、维护和运行之间组织隔阂的减弱。[^s1]&#xA;&#xA;&#xA;该知识域在指南中的一级主题为：&#xA;&#xA;- 软件工程运行基础&#xA;- 软件工程运行策划&#xA;- 软件工程运行交付&#xA;- 软件工程运行控制&#xA;- 实践考虑&#xA;- 软件工程运行工具</body>
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