{ "contentStorage": "postgres", "title": "Popular", "description": "Ranked by recent page views (last 7 days) when traffic stats exist; otherwise entries tagged hot or featured, or those with the most relations.", "url": "/es/hot-415.html", "entities": [ { "id": "ich_folk_44", "type": "work", "title": "鲁班传说", "slug": "lu-ban-chuan-shuo", "summary": "鲁班传说是流传于山东曲阜、滕州一带的民间传说，讲述工匠祖师鲁班的事迹与发明，2008年列入第二批国家级非物质文化遗产代表性项目名录（Ⅰ-44）。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history" ], "tags": [], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "国务院关于公布第二批国家级非物质文化遗产名录的通知 - 中国非物质文化遗产网", "url": "https://www.ihchina.cn/zhengce_details/11664.html" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "滕州非遗丨国家级非物质文化遗产代表性项目名录——《鲁班传说》", "url": "https://www.sohu.com/a/736044317_121117469" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-03T15:38:43+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-03T15:38:43+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 1, "body": "## 简介\n\n鲁班传说流传于山东省曲阜市、滕州市，2008年列入第二批国家级非物质文化遗产代表性项目名录，项目编号Ⅰ-44，类别为民间文学。鲁班姓公输，名般，春秋战国时期鲁国人，被后世尊为工匠祖师、巧圣[^s2]。\n\n## 历史渊源\n\n鲁班出身工匠世家，从小跟随家人参加土木建筑工程劳动，逐渐掌握生产劳动技能。传说中他关注民生，为了减轻人民的劳动强度、提高生产效益，发明创造了锯、刨、墨斗、曲尺、圆规、凿等工用器具，以及碾、磨、风箱、伞等生活器具[^s2]。\n\n## 主要内容与特点\n\n鲁班传说的内容十分丰富，既有鲁班发明创造的故事，也有他授徒传艺、与同行切磋技艺的故事，还有以鲁班锁、云梯、木鹊等为题材的机智故事。传说塑造了一个心灵手巧、勤劳智慧、乐于助人的工匠形象，体现了古代劳动人民对技艺精进与造福民生的推崇。\n\n## 传承与保护现状\n\n曲阜市文化馆、滕州市文化馆等作为保护单位，曲阜鲁班研究会等社会组织亦长期开展鲁班文化研究与传说搜集工作[^s2]。鲁班传说作为国家级非物质文化遗产代表性项目，与鲁班锁等相关技艺一道得到系统性保护，工匠精神在当代得到弘扬。", "url": "/works/lu-ban-chuan-shuo.html", "lang": "es", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh" ], "workKind": "other" }, { "id": "concept_piyi", "type": "concept", "title": "皮艺", "slug": "piyi", "summary": "皮艺是国家级非物质文化遗产代表性项目（Ⅶ-139），子项为蒙古族皮艺，以内蒙古12个盟市为主要分布区域的蒙古高原传统手工艺。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history" ], "tags": [], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "皮艺（蒙古族皮艺） - 中国非物质文化遗产网", "url": "https://www.ihchina.cn/project_details/23554.html" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-03T15:27:41+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-03T15:27:41+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 1, "body": "## 简介\n\n皮艺是国家级非物质文化遗产代表性项目，项目编号Ⅶ-139，类别为传统美术，2021年列入第五批国家级非物质文化遗产代表性项目名录[^s1]。主要子项为内蒙古自治区呼和浩特市的蒙古族皮艺，保护单位为呼和浩特市文化艺术研究院（呼和浩特市非物质文化遗产保护中心）[^s1]。\n\n## 历史渊源\n\n蒙古族皮艺是蒙古高原居民喜闻乐见、经常运用的一种传统手工艺文化表现形式，历史悠久。在古代，动物皮因轻便、耐磨、防潮，成为游牧民族抵御严寒、防护伪装的生活必需品；清代康熙年间，大批汉族民众移居到草原，使草原文化中开始融入农耕文化因素，在两种文化的共同推进和相互作用下，多元素的皮艺生活用具开始出现[^s1]。其分布较为广泛，以内蒙古自治区的12个盟市为主要分布区域，在陕西、西藏、新疆、青海乃至海外其他国家和地区亦有分布[^s1]。\n\n## 主要内容与特点\n\n蒙古族皮艺选材严格、工艺严谨、制作复杂，含选皮、润湿、描绘踏图、敲压轮廓、染色、镶嵌填充6个步骤[^s1]。其中镶嵌填充需在皮面钻出大小、形状吻合装饰物的钻孔，将珠宝、金属或其他装饰材料镶嵌粘贴在对应的钻孔内，或者在皮革做好的皮雕画面上找出需要做的立体层次部位，从皮革背面找准位置粘贴填充物，使其达到预期的立体效果[^s1]。代表性作品种类较多，大多与生活息息相关，有皮毛服饰、皮制箭囊、皮壶、皮雕镶嵌的马鞍、皮包、皮箱、皮画等，代表性作品有皮雕画《白文殊菩萨》、皮艺作品《乌兰牧骑》《草原歌盛世》等[^s1]。\n\n## 传承与保护现状\n\n蒙古族皮艺通过师徒方式传承，有记载的传承谱系至今已有六代[^s1]。政府十分重视其保护传承，建立非遗传习基地，积极开展传承人研修研习培训计划，加强传承人培养；支持组建研学团队，开展项目体验，组织传承人开展公益讲座，积极宣传推广[^s1]。目前，该项目存续状况较好，学徒和从业人员达上万人[^s1]。蒙古族皮艺承载了游牧文化的生活印记，蕴含草原皮艺文化的历史变迁，体现了文化的多元性特征，对探寻皮艺发展历史、探索文化融合规律具有重要意义[^s1]。", "url": "/concepts/piyi.html", "lang": "es", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh" ], "conceptKind": "intangible_heritage" }, { "id": "event_bian_e_xisu", "type": "event", "title": "匾额习俗", "slug": "bian-e-xisu", "aliases": [ "赣南客家匾额习俗" ], "summary": "匾额习俗即赣南客家匾额习俗，是江西省会昌县客家民间悬挂匾额的传统礼俗，2014年列入第四批国家级非物质文化遗产代表性项目名录。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history" ], "tags": [], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "匾额习俗（赣南客家匾额习俗） - 中国非物质文化遗产网", "url": "https://www.ihchina.cn/project_details/15321/" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "读城记|客家文化绽芳华 - 赣县区人民政府", "url": "https://www.ganxian.gov.cn/gxqxxgk/c110708/202507/044f8a7cdc75410bac693e2cc7aef85a.shtml" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-03T15:26:15+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-03T15:26:15+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 1, "body": "## 简介\n\n匾额习俗即赣南客家匾额习俗，是赣南客家民间悬挂匾额的传统礼俗。该项目编号为Ⅹ-151，类别为民俗，申报地区为江西省会昌县，保护单位为会昌县文化馆（会昌县非物质文化遗产保护中心），于2014年列入第四批国家级非物质文化遗产代表性项目名录[^s1]。赣南作为客家先民中原南迁首站，素有“客家摇篮”之美誉；赣南客家匾额习俗流传于会昌、上犹、于都等地，其中会昌县的匾额习俗尤为突出，历史积淀深厚，存续状态良好，特色鲜明[^s1][^s2]。\n\n## 历史渊源\n\n赣南客家匾额习俗的形成与北方士族南迁紧密相连，随着时间推移，在赣南地区落地生根，遍布各县[^s1]。北宋太平兴国七年（982年）会昌正式置县，自那时起，悬挂匾额的习俗便在此扎根[^s1]。客家匾额起源于传统祠堂建筑，祠堂内的祖先牌位、堂号以及功名匾、寿匾等，都凝聚着深厚的客家文化内涵[^s1]。这些匾额历史悠久、影响深远、寓意深刻，淋漓尽致地展现了赣南客家民俗追根溯源、崇尚文化教育、积极投身社会的文化特质[^s1]。\n\n## 主要内容与特点\n\n在民间宗祠，挂匾有一套严谨且传承至今的程序：首先，有挂匾需求的家庭或个人提出申请，明确表达挂匾意愿与目的；接着通过传统方式择吉日良辰；随后确定匾额的内容、字体、材质等细节；挂匾前要游匾，在一定范围内展示游行；然后举行祭匾仪式，向祖先和神灵表达敬意；再揭开覆盖物，正式展示匾额内容；完成挂匾这一关键环节后，举办酒席，邀请亲朋好友共同庆祝[^s1]。挂匾仪式包括定匾、游匾、祭匾、揭匾、挂匾、办酒席等一套程序[^s2]。会昌县的“百匾堂”展出130多幅具有代表性的民间匾额，多出自明清时期的名人、朝廷大臣以及进士、举人，还有历任会昌知县等之手；从内容考释，可大致分为祠宇府第、科举教泽、功德名望、慈贤孝节、福禄寿庆五类[^s1]。匾额象征着主人的品格与理想，承载着敦亲睦族、弘扬孝道的使命。\n\n## 传承与保护现状\n\n赣南客家匾额习俗具有启迪后人、催人奋进的积极作用，对维护家庭、宗族和地方社会稳定发挥着不可忽视的作用；许多客家匾额是书法艺术的珍贵载体，还装饰着艺术雕刻，雅俗共赏，具有一定的艺术和历史研究价值[^s1]。如今，会昌县在推进乡村振兴与文旅融合的过程中，注重挖掘与保护此类非物质文化遗产，通过展示、体验与研究，让古老的匾额习俗在当代焕发新的文化活力，也成为连接过去与未来、凝聚乡土情感的重要载体。", "url": "/events/bian-e-xisu.html", "lang": "es", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh" ], "eventKind": "culture" }, { "id": "event_obon", "type": "event", "title": "盂兰盆节", "slug": "obon", "summary": "盂兰盆节是日本每年8月13日至16日（部分地区7月）举行的佛教祭祖节日，以迎魂、扫墓、盆踊和送魂为核心，是仅次于正月的重要节日。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history" ], "tags": [], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "中元节与盂兰盆节 - 维基百科，自由的百科全书", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%85%83%E7%AF%80%E8%88%87%E7%9B%82%E8%98%AD%E7%9B%86%E7%AF%80" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "盂兰盆节、盂兰盆舞、扫墓——迎接并供奉先祖魂灵归来的“盂兰盆”节 - nippon.com 日本网", "author": "nippon.com", "url": "https://www.nippon.com/cn/articles/-/25582" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "盂兰盆舞：与祖先亡灵共舞的日本独特风俗 - nippon.com 日本网", "author": "nippon.com", "url": "https://www.nippon.com/cn/guide-to-japan/gu019003/" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-03T14:48:16+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-03T14:48:16+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 1, "body": "## 日期\n\n盂兰盆节的日期因地区而异：传统庆祝时间在农历七月十三日至十六日，明治维新后，一些地区改为公历7月15日前后，另一些则改为公历8月15日前后，以较接近农历原来的日子[^s1]。如今最普遍的是8月13日至16日：13日迎魂、16日送魂，期间扫墓祭拜祖先并跳传统的盆舞[^s2]。东京等部分地区过7月13日至16日的“新盆”，而多数地区的假期与返乡高峰则集中在8月盆。\n\n## 起源\n\n盂兰盆节在飞鸟时代由隋唐时期的中国传入日本，俗称“御盆”，为盂兰盆会的简称[^s1]。它源于佛教的盂兰盆会，即以供养僧众、超度亡灵为核心的仪式，后来与日本当地的祖先崇拜民俗结合，形成日本特有的庆祝方式。盂兰盆节如今已成为仅次于元旦的重要节日，企业一般放假一周左右，称为“盆休”，许多在外工作的人利用这个假期返乡团聚祭祖[^s1]。\n\n## 主要习俗\n\n盂兰盆节的核心流程是迎魂、供奉、送魂：13日前扫墓，13日接先人鬼魂，16日送别[^s1]。13日的迎魂式上，人们在院子或家门口燃烧麻秆点燃迎魂火，指引祖先回家；家中设精灵棚供奉祭品，期间家人扫墓祭拜[^s2]。盆舞是节日的标志性活动：如今盆舞通常在8月13日至16日的盂兰盆节期间举行[^s3]，男女老少围着高台随歌谣起舞，德岛阿波舞、岐阜郡上舞是最具代表性的盆舞。16日夜点燃送魂火，送祖先灵魂返回另一个世界。\n\n## 主要庆祝国家／地区\n\n盂兰盆节主要在日本庆祝，全国各地形式略有不同：东京过7月盆，多数地区过8月盆，京都的大文字送火、德岛的阿波舞、岐阜的郡上舞各具地方特色。日本以外的日裔社区，如夏威夷、巴西，也举办盂兰盆舞会，但其宗教与返乡的内涵已弱化为社区联欢。\n\n## 文化意义\n\n盂兰盆节是日本仅次于正月的第二大传统节日，与清明节类似，是慎终追远、家族团聚的集中表达。它把佛教的超度观念与日本的祖先崇拜结合在一起：迎魂与送魂的仪式使生者与亡者的联系在一年中获得一次具体的、可参与的形式；盆舞则把祭奠转化为社区共舞，使悼念与欢庆并存，成为日本夏季最重要的民俗节日。", "url": "/events/obon.html", "lang": "es", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh" ], "eventKind": "culture" }, { "id": "person_cn_q131920750", "type": "person", "title": "崇侯虎", "slug": "hu-marquis-chong-fengshen-q131920750", "previousSlugs": [ "hu-marquis-chong-fengshen-q131920750-q5104597" ], "summary": "崇侯虎是《封神演义》中的人物形象：北伯侯，纣王宠臣，与姬昌为敌，崇城破后败亡；原型为历史人物崇侯虎。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-literature", "category-people", "category-fictional-characters" ], "tags": [ "tag-fictional-character", "tag-classics" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q131920750", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131920750" }, { "id": "fengshen-novel", "title": "《封神演义》", "url": "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E5%B0%81%E7%A5%9E%E6%BC%94%E7%BE%A9", "locator": "小说情节" }, { "id": "wiki-fengshen-roles", "title": "封神演义角色列表（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/封神演义角色列表", "locator": "人物条目" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-02T14:52:23+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 7, "body": "## 人物形象\n\n本条目写的是《封神演义》中的崇侯虎形象，原型为历史人物[[person_cn_q5104597|崇侯虎]]（另有历史条目），以下事迹按小说情节叙述。[^fengshen-novel]\n\n崇侯虎是北伯侯，纣王的宠臣，助纣为虐，与西伯侯姬昌为敌。周军攻破崇城后，崇侯虎败亡。小说中的崇侯虎是商朝末年助纣虐民的诸侯形象。 崇侯虎与姬昌的对立，是商周之争在诸侯层面的缩影，崇城之破也标志着商朝北方屏障的瓦解。 [^wikidata]\n\n## 小说情节\n\n崇侯虎是北伯侯，纣王的宠臣，助纣为虐，与西伯侯姬昌为敌。崇侯虎向纣王进谗，致使姬昌被囚于羑里，商周之争由此在诸侯层面激化。小说中的崇侯虎，是商朝末年助纣虐民的诸侯形象。[^wiki-fengshen-roles]\n\n周军攻破崇城后，崇侯虎败亡，商朝北方屏障瓦解。崇侯虎与姬昌的对立，是商周之争在诸侯层面的缩影：一方助纣虐民，一方积德行仁，崇城之破也标志着商朝气数的进一步衰落。[^wiki-fengshen-roles]\n## 出现于\n\n- [[work_cn_q1336310|《封神演义》]]", "url": "/people/hu-marquis-chong-fengshen-q131920750.html", "lang": "es", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "occupations": [ "君主" ], "disambiguation": "《封神演义》人物", "isFictional": true, "personCategory": "文学人物" }, { "id": "person_cn_q124054822", "type": "person", "title": "崔琰", "slug": "cui-yan-sanguo-q124054822", "previousSlugs": [ "cui-yan-sanguo-q124054822-q713560" ], "summary": "崔琰是《三国演义》中的人物形象：原袁绍谋士，后归曹操，因直言被处死；原型为历史人物崔琰。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-literature", "category-people", "category-fictional-characters" ], "tags": [ "tag-fictional-character", "tag-classics" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q124054822", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124054822" }, { "id": "sanguo-novel", "title": "《三国演义》", "url": "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%9C%8B%E6%BC%94%E7%BE%A9", "locator": "小说情节" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-02T14:52:17+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 6, "body": "## 人物形象\n\n本条目写的是《三国演义》中的崔琰形象，原型为历史人物[[person_cn_q713560|崔琰]]（另有历史条目），以下事迹按小说情节叙述。[^sanguo-novel]\n\n崔琰原为袁绍谋士，后归顺曹操，以清正敢言著称。他在曹营中多次直言时政，最终因言语触怒曹操而被处死。小说中的崔琰是由袁营转投曹营的正直士人形象。 [^wikidata]\n\n他在曹营中多次直言时政，不附和权贵，也不避讳君主的过失。崔琰的声望来自他的品格：在袁营时他已是名士，归曹后仍以清正自持，成为曹营中文臣的一面镜子。\n\n崔琰最终因言语触怒曹操而被处死。小说中的崔琰是由袁营转投曹营的正直士人形象：他的死不是因为谋反或通敌，而是因为直言。在曹操晚年日益猜忌的朝风中，崔琰的直言成了取祸之道，他的结局也预示着曹魏朝廷由宽容转向严酷的变化。[^sanguo-novel]\n\n## 出现于\n\n- [[work_cn_q70806|《三国演义》]]", "url": "/people/cui-yan-sanguo-q124054822.html", "lang": "es", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "occupations": [ "政治人物" ], "disambiguation": "《三国演义》人物", "isFictional": true, "personCategory": "文学人物" }, { "id": "person_cn_q124034400", "type": "person", "title": "赵叡", "slug": "zhao-rui-sanguo-q124034400", "previousSlugs": [ "zhao-rui-sanguo-q124034400-q16260630" ], "summary": "赵叡是《三国演义》中的人物形象：袁绍部将，仓亭之战中为袁军出战；原型为历史人物赵叡。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-literature", "category-people", "category-fictional-characters" ], "tags": [ "tag-fictional-character", "tag-classics" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q124034400", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124034400" }, { "id": "sanguo-novel", "title": "《三国演义》", "url": "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%9C%8B%E6%BC%94%E7%BE%A9", "locator": "小说情节" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-02T14:52:10+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 7, "body": "## 人物形象\n\n本条目写的是《三国演义》中的赵叡形象，原型为历史人物[[person_cn_q16260630|赵叡]]（另有历史条目），以下事迹按小说情节叙述。[^sanguo-novel]\n\n赵叡是袁绍部将。官渡之战后，袁绍军在仓亭再战，赵叡作为袁军出战将领之一随军迎战曹操军，袁军战败。小说中的赵叡是袁绍军后期的一名次要将领。 仓亭之战是官渡之后袁绍军的又一次大败，赵叡等袁军将领的出战也未能挽回败局。 [^wikidata]\n\n仓亭之战是官渡之后袁绍军的又一次大败，赵叡等袁军将领的出战也未能挽回败局，袁军在河北的优势就此彻底丧失。\n\n小说中的赵叡是袁绍军后期的一名次要将领，与眭元进、吕威璜、韩莒子等人同为仓亭之战的袁军出战者。小说对他的着墨很少，没有独立的战绩与结局交代，他的形象就是仓亭败军群像中的一员，映衬出袁绍集团由盛转衰的过程。[^sanguo-novel]\n\n## 出现于\n\n- [[work_cn_q70806|《三国演义》]]", "url": "/people/zhao-rui-sanguo-q124034400.html", "lang": "es", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "occupations": [ "武将" ], "disambiguation": "《三国演义》人物", "isFictional": true, "personCategory": "文学人物" }, { "id": "person_cn_q124034359", "type": "person", "title": "吕威璜", "slug": "lu-weihuang-sanguo-q124034359", "previousSlugs": [ "lu-weihuang-sanguo-q124034359-q1046433" ], "summary": "吕威璜是《三国演义》中的人物形象：袁绍部将，仓亭之战中为袁军出战；原型为历史人物吕威璜。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-literature", "category-people", "category-fictional-characters" ], "tags": [ "tag-fictional-character", "tag-classics", "tag-four-great-classics" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q124034359", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124034359" }, { "id": "sanguo-novel", "title": "《三国演义》", "url": "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%9C%8B%E6%BC%94%E7%BE%A9", "locator": "小说情节" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-02T14:52:08+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 6, "body": "## 人物形象\n\n本条目写的是《三国演义》中的吕威璜形象，原型为历史人物[[person_cn_q1046433|吕威璜]]（另有历史条目），以下事迹按小说情节叙述。[^sanguo-novel]\n\n吕威璜是袁绍部将。官渡之战后，袁绍军在仓亭再战，吕威璜作为袁军出战将领之一随军迎战曹操军，袁军战败。小说中的吕威璜是袁绍军后期的一名次要将领。 [^wikidata]\n\n仓亭之战是袁绍在官渡大败后的又一次尝试：袁绍不甘心就此认输，重新集结兵力与曹操再战，结果仍是大败，袁氏的河北霸业自此走向终结。\n\n小说中的吕威璜是袁绍军后期的一名次要将领，与眭元进、韩莒子、赵叡等人同列仓亭之战的袁军阵容。小说没有详写他的个人武艺与结局，他的意义在于补足仓亭之战的袁军群像，说明袁绍在官渡之后仍有一批将领追随，却已无法改变整体败局。[^sanguo-novel]\n\n## 出现于\n\n- [[work_cn_q70806|《三国演义》]]", "url": "/people/lu-weihuang-sanguo-q124034359.html", "lang": "es", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "occupations": [ "武将" ], "disambiguation": "《三国演义》人物", "isFictional": true, "personCategory": "文学人物" }, { "id": "person_nobel_445", "type": "person", "title": "伯特·萨克曼", "slug": "bert-sakmann", "aliases": [ "Bert Sakmann" ], "summary": "伯特·萨克曼是与内尔共同发明膜片钳技术的生物物理学家，1991年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖得主之一。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-awards", "category-people" ], "tags": [ "tag-nobel-prize" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Bert Sakmann – Facts", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1991/sakmann/facts/" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1991", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1991/summary/" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "伯特·萨克曼 – Biographical", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1991/sakmann/biographical/" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "伯特·萨克曼", "author": "Wikipedia", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E8%90%A8%E5%85%8B%E6%9B%BC" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-01T03:38:01+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-02T14:49:03+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 4, "body": "**伯特·萨克曼**（Bert Sakmann，1942年6月12日—）出生于斯图加特（德国）。\n\n## 生平与职业生涯\n\n萨克曼在慕尼黑大学获医学博士学位，长期任职于马克斯·普朗克医学研究所与海德堡大学，从事细胞电生理研究。[^s3][^s4]\n\n## 主要成就\n\n萨克曼与内尔共同发明膜片钳技术，可记录单个离子通道的电流，揭示细胞信号传递的通道机制，为神经科学与药物研究奠定了基础。[^s3][^s4]\n\n## 获奖\n\n1991 年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖由 2 位得主共享，伯特·萨克曼占其中 1/2 份，官方获奖理由（官方原文）：“for their discoveries concerning the function of single ion channels in cells”[^s1]。获奖时所属机构为 Max-Planck-Institut für medizinische Forschung，所在地为海德堡（德国）[^s1]。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[work_nobel_prize_1991|1991 年诺贝尔奖]]、[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]", "url": "/people/bert-sakmann.html", "lang": "es", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh" ], "birth": { "year": 1942, "month": 6, "day": 12, "precision": "day", "display": "1942年6月12日" }, "occupations": [ "生物物理学家" ] }, { "id": "person_cn_q123585854", "type": "person", "title": "刘辩", "slug": "prince-hongnong-sanguo-q123585854", "previousSlugs": [ "prince-hongnong-sanguo-q123585854-q7301" ], "summary": "刘辩是《三国演义》中的人物形象（原型为历史人物刘辩），在小说中为汉少帝，被董卓废为弘农王后毒杀。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-literature", "category-people", "category-fictional-characters" ], "tags": [ "tag-fictional-character", "tag-classics" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q123585854", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123585854" }, { "id": "sanguo", "title": "《三国演义》（维基文库）", "url": "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/三国演义" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-02T11:40:14+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 5, "body": "## 小说中的形象\n\n以下为《三国演义》中的小说形象，事迹以小说情节为准，与历史原型条目所载正史事迹不完全相同。刘辩为汉灵帝长子，即汉少帝。灵帝死后刘辩即位，何进与何皇后辅政，不久董卓入京，废刘辩为弘农王，立刘协为献帝；小说写刘辩被废后不久即被董卓派李儒毒杀，年仅十五岁。[^sanguo]小说对这类人物的描写多为点到为止，其生平细节以原型条目所载为准，本条仅记其在小说中的身份与出场。[^sanguo]\n## 人物形象\n\n《三国演义》中的刘辩形象，原型为历史人物[[person_cn_q7301|刘辩]][^wikidata]。\n\n## 出现于\n\n- [[work_cn_q70806|《三国演义》]]", "url": "/people/prince-hongnong-sanguo-q123585854.html", "lang": "es", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "disambiguation": "《三国演义》人物", "isFictional": true, "personCategory": "文学人物" }, { "id": "person_cn_q7561055", "type": "person", "title": "宋万", "slug": "song-wan", "aliases": [ "Song Wan", "云里金刚" ], "previousSlugs": [ "song-wan-q7561055" ], "summary": "宋万是《水浒传》中的人物，绰号云里金刚，梁山元老，与王伦、杜迁同据梁山泊。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-literature", "category-people", "category-fictional-characters" ], "tags": [ "tag-fictional-character", "tag-classics", "tag-four-great-classics" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q7561055", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7561055" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "宋万（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%8B%E4%B8%87" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-02T11:37:28+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 6, "body": "## 小说中的形象\n\n《水浒传》中的人物。宋万绰号云里金刚，为梁山最早的头领之一，与王伦、杜迁同据梁山泊；林冲火并王伦后，宋万留守梁山，成为梁山元老，征方腊时战死。[^zhwiki]小说对这类次要头领着墨不多，本条所记即为其在小说中的主要身份与经历。[^zhwiki]\n## 基本信息\n\n- 简介：水浒传人物[^wikidata]\n- 作品设定的朝代或国家：大宋[^wikidata]\n\n## 出现于\n\n- [[work_cn_q70827|《水浒传》]]", "url": "/people/song-wan.html", "lang": "es", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "death": { "year": 1120, "precision": "year" }, "disambiguation": "《水浒传》人物", "isFictional": true, "personCategory": "文学人物" }, { "id": "person_cn_q713570", "type": "person", "title": "高柔", "slug": "gao-rou", "aliases": [ "Gao Rou" ], "previousSlugs": [ "gao-rou-q713570" ], "summary": "高柔（174年—263年），曹魏人物。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q713570", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q713570" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "高柔（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E6%9F%94" }, { "id": "zhengshi", "title": "三国志/卷24（维基文库）", "url": "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%9C%8B%E5%BF%97/%E5%8D%B724" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-02T11:31:30+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 5, "body": "## 生平\n\n高柔是三国时期曹魏大臣，字文惠，陈留圉人。他历任尚书郎、廷尉、司空、太尉等职，以执法公正见称，处理狱讼多所平反；高柔历事魏文帝、明帝、高贵乡公等，是曹魏宿臣，卒于263年。[^zhwiki]\n## 正史记载\n\n\u003e 高柔字文惠，陳留圉人也。父靖，為蜀郡都尉。\n\n——《三国志/卷24》[^zhengshi]\n\n## 基本信息\n\n- 所属朝代或国家：曹魏[^wikidata]\n- 出生地：[[place_cn_410200|开封市]][^wikidata]\n\n## 演义及游戏中的形象\n\n- [[person_cn_q124618874|高柔]]（《三国演义》人物）", "url": "/people/gao-rou.html", "lang": "es", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "birth": { "year": 174, "display": "174年" }, "death": { "year": 263, "display": "263年" }, "occupations": [ "政治人物" ], "personCategory": "历史人物" }, { "id": "person_cn_q11258798", "type": "person", "title": "杨任", "slug": "yang-ren-2", "previousSlugs": [ "q11258798" ], "summary": "杨任（2世纪—215年），东汉末年张鲁部下的将领。建安二十年曹操征张鲁，在阳平关一战后，杨任被曹军所杀。[^zhwiki][^wikidata]", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q11258798", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11258798" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "杨任 (三国)（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%A8%E4%BB%BB_(%E4%B8%89%E5%9B%BD)" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-02T10:49:23+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 11, "body": "杨任是东汉末年的军事人物，在汉中张鲁手下做事。他生于2世纪，卒于东汉建安二十年（215年），职业为武将。[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n\n## 阳平关之战\n\n建安二十年，曹操攻打张鲁，秋七月到达阳平关。张鲁得知后，暗中派弟弟张卫和杨昂守阳平关，曹操攻不下来，便用诈退之计。张卫等人看到曹军撤退，以为曹军受了重创、无力再攻，守备于是松懈。曹操得知后，暗中派部将解㥄、高祚夜袭阳平关，大破守军。张鲁等人逃往巴中，杨任被曹军所杀。[^zhwiki]\n\n## 《三国演义》中的情节\n\n在小说《三国演义》里，杨任与曹魏名将夏侯渊交手三十多合不分胜负，夏侯渊假装败退，杨任追击，被夏侯渊用拖刀计杀死。这属于小说情节，与上面的史事记述不同。[^zhwiki]\n\n## 基本信息\n\n- 姓名：杨任[^wikidata]\n- 生卒：2世纪—东汉建安二十年（215年）[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n- 所属：东汉[^wikidata]\n- 职业：武将[^wikidata]\n- 演义形象：[[person_cn_q124356184|杨任]]（《三国演义》人物）", "url": "/people/yang-ren-2.html", "lang": "es", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "death": { "year": 215, "display": "215年" }, "occupations": [ "武将" ], "disambiguation": "三国", "personCategory": "历史人物" }, { "id": "work_douban_ff9a1d2117dd", "type": "work", "title": "失落的秘符", "slug": "douban-book-shi-luo-de-mi-fu", "summary": "《失落的秘符》是丹·丹·布朗的长篇小说。《失落的秘符》内容介绍: 哈佛大学符号学家罗伯特·兰登意外受邀,于当晚前往华盛顿美国国会大厦做一个讲座。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-literature" ], "tags": [], "sources": [ { "id": "online", "title": "失落的秘符", "url": "https://reader.hnlib.com/Book/Detail/275740" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:13:45+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-02T01:17:43+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 6, "body": "## 内容与特点\n\n《失落的秘符》内容介绍: 哈佛大学符号学家罗伯特·兰登意外受邀,于当晚前往华盛顿美国国会大厦做一个讲座。就在兰登到达的几分钟内,事情发生了令人匪夷所思的变化。国会大厦里出现了一件令人惊恐之物——一只人手,三根手指成握拳状,伸直的拇指和食指直指天穹,每只手指上都有具特殊符号学意义的诡异刺青。[^online]\n\n## 版本信息\n\n该来源所录版本由人民文学出版社出版，出版时间为2013，ISBN为978-7-02-010157-3。[^online]", "url": "/works/douban-book-shi-luo-de-mi-fu.html", "lang": "es", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh" ], "workKind": "book", "medium": "长篇小说", "creators": [ "丹·布朗" ] }, { "id": "work_ieee_p61886_1_d2_may2020", "type": "work", "title": "IEEE Std P61886-1_D2_May2020", "slug": "ieee-std-p61886-1-d2-may2020", "aliases": [ "P61886-1_D2_May2020", "P61886-1_D2_May2020 - IEEE/IEC Draft International Standard for Subsea Equipment - Power Connectors, Penetrators and Jumper Assemblies with Rated Voltage from 3 kV (Umax = 3.6 kV) to 30 kV (Umax = 36 " ], "summary": "IEEE Std P61886-1_D2_May2020 是电气电子工程师学会的草案，题为“IEEE/IEC Draft International Standard for Subsea Equipment - Power Connectors, Penetrators and Jumper Assemblies with Rated Voltage from 3 kV (Umax = 3.6 kV) to 30 kV (Umax = 36”；公开目录标为非现行（Inactive），著录年份为 2020 年。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-science-technology" ], "tags": [ "tag-ieee-standard" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "IEEE Std P61886-1_D2_May2020 — IEEE Xplore 题录", "author": "IEEE", "url": "https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/servlet/opac?punumber=9102458", "locator": "standard_number=P61886-1_D2_May2020; status=Inactive; modifier=Draft" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "IEEE Xplore All Standards（KBART）", "author": "IEEE", "date": "2026-11-01", "url": "https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/otherfiles/IEEEXplore_Global_All-Standards.txt" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-01T22:28:19+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T22:28:19+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 1, "body": "**IEEE Std P61886-1_D2_May2020**（IEEE/IEC Draft International Standard for Subsea Equipment - Power Connectors, Penetrators and Jumper Assemblies with Rated Voltage from 3 kV (Umax = 3.6 kV) to 30 kV (Umax = 36）是[[organization_ieee|电气电子工程师学会]]的草案。公开目录将其标为非现行（Inactive），著录年份为 2020 年，主题领域包括 Components, Circuits, Devices and Systems、Geoscience、Power, Energy and Industry Applications[^s1]。参见[[concept_ieee_standards|IEEE 标准]]。", "url": "/works/ieee-std-p61886-1-d2-may2020.html", "lang": "es", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh" ], "workKind": "standard", "published": { "year": 2020, "precision": "year", "display": "2020年" }, "language": "英语" }, { "id": "work_ieee_p3158_d3_apr_2024", "type": "work", "title": "IEEE Std P3158/D3, Apr 2024", "slug": "ieee-std-p3158-d3-apr-2024", "aliases": [ "P3158/D3, Apr 2024", "P3158/D3, Apr 2024 - IEEE Draft Standard for Trusted Data Matrix System Architecture" ], "summary": "IEEE Std P3158/D3, Apr 2024 是电气电子工程师学会的草案，题为“IEEE Draft Standard for Trusted Data Matrix System Architecture”；公开目录标为非现行（Inactive），著录年份为 2024 年。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-science-technology" ], "tags": [ "tag-ieee-standard" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "IEEE Std P3158/D3, Apr 2024 — IEEE Xplore 题录", "author": "IEEE", "url": "https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/servlet/opac?punumber=10508758", "locator": "standard_number=P3158/D3, Apr 2024; status=Inactive; modifier=Draft" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "IEEE Xplore All Standards（KBART）", "author": "IEEE", "date": "2026-11-01", "url": "https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/otherfiles/IEEEXplore_Global_All-Standards.txt" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-01T22:28:15+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T22:28:15+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 1, "body": "**IEEE Std P3158/D3, Apr 2024**（IEEE Draft Standard for Trusted Data Matrix System Architecture）是[[organization_ieee|电气电子工程师学会]]于 2024 年 4 月形成的草案。公开目录将其标为非现行（Inactive），主题领域包括 Computing and Processing[^s1]。参见[[concept_ieee_standards|IEEE 标准]]。", "url": "/works/ieee-std-p3158-d3-apr-2024.html", "lang": "es", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh" ], "workKind": "standard", "published": { "year": 2024, "precision": "year", "display": "2024年" }, "language": "英语" }, { "id": "work_ieee_97_1969", "type": "work", "title": "IEEE Std 97-1969", "slug": "ieee-std-97-1969", "aliases": [ "97-1969", "97-1969 - IEEE Recommended Practice for Specifying Service Conditions in Electrical Standards" ], "summary": "IEEE Std 97-1969 是电气电子工程师学会的技术标准，题为“IEEE Recommended Practice for Specifying Service Conditions in Electrical Standards”；公开目录标为非现行（Inactive），已撤回（Withdrawn），著录年份为 1969 年。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-science-technology" ], "tags": [ "tag-ieee-standard" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "IEEE Std 97-1969 — IEEE Xplore 题录", "author": "IEEE", "url": "https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/servlet/opac?punumber=2721", "locator": "standard_number=97-1969; status=Inactive; modifier=Withdrawn" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "IEEE Xplore All Standards（KBART）", "author": "IEEE", "date": "2026-11-01", "url": "https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/otherfiles/IEEEXplore_Global_All-Standards.txt" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-01T22:27:39+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T22:27:39+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 1, "body": "**IEEE Std 97-1969**（IEEE Recommended Practice for Specifying Service Conditions in Electrical Standards）是[[organization_ieee|电气电子工程师学会]]的技术标准。公开目录将其标为非现行（Inactive），已撤回（Withdrawn），著录年份为 1969 年，主题领域包括 Engineered Materials, Dielectrics and Plasmas、Power, Energy and Industry Applications[^s1]。参见[[concept_ieee_standards|IEEE 标准]]。", "url": "/works/ieee-std-97-1969.html", "lang": "es", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh" ], "workKind": "standard", "published": { "year": 1969, "precision": "year", "display": "1969年" }, "language": "英语" }, { "id": "work_ieee_95_2002", "type": "work", "title": "IEEE Std 95-2002", "slug": "ieee-std-95-2002", "aliases": [ "95-2002", "95-2002 - IEEE Recommended Practice for Insulation Testing of AC Electric Machinery (2300 V and Above) With High Direct Voltage" ], "summary": "IEEE Std 95-2002 是电气电子工程师学会的技术标准，题为“IEEE Recommended Practice for Insulation Testing of AC Electric Machinery (2300 V and Above) With High Direct Voltage”；公开目录标为非现行（Inactive），保留（Reserved），著录年份为 2002 年。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-science-technology" ], "tags": [ "tag-ieee-standard" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "IEEE Std 95-2002 — IEEE Xplore 题录", "author": "IEEE", "url": "https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/servlet/opac?punumber=7821", "locator": "standard_number=95-2002; status=Inactive; modifier=Reserved" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "IEEE Xplore All Standards（KBART）", "author": "IEEE", "date": "2026-11-01", "url": "https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/otherfiles/IEEEXplore_Global_All-Standards.txt" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-01T22:27:21+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T22:27:21+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 1, "body": "**IEEE Std 95-2002**（IEEE Recommended Practice for Insulation Testing of AC Electric Machinery (2300 V and Above) With High Direct Voltage）是[[organization_ieee|电气电子工程师学会]]的技术标准。公开目录将其标为非现行（Inactive），保留（Reserved），著录年份为 2002 年，主题领域包括 Power, Energy and Industry Applications、Components, Circuits, Devices and Systems[^s1]。参见[[concept_ieee_standards|IEEE 标准]]。", "url": "/works/ieee-std-95-2002.html", "lang": "es", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh" ], "workKind": "standard", "published": { "year": 2002, "precision": "year", "display": "2002年" }, "language": "英语" }, { "id": "work_ieee_896_9_1994", "type": "work", "title": "IEEE Std 896.9-1994", "slug": "ieee-std-896-9-1994", "aliases": [ "896.9-1994", "896.9-1994 - IEEE Standard for Fault Tolerant Extensions to the Futurebus+(R) Architecture" ], "summary": "IEEE Std 896.9-1994 是电气电子工程师学会的技术标准，题为“IEEE Standard for Fault Tolerant Extensions to the Futurebus+(R) Architecture”；公开目录标为非现行（Inactive），已撤回（Withdrawn），著录年份为 1995 年。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-science-technology" ], "tags": [ "tag-ieee-standard" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "IEEE Std 896.9-1994 — IEEE Xplore 题录", "author": "IEEE", "url": "https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/servlet/opac?punumber=3449", "locator": "standard_number=896.9-1994; status=Inactive; modifier=Withdrawn" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "IEEE Xplore All Standards（KBART）", "author": "IEEE", "date": "2026-11-01", "url": "https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/otherfiles/IEEEXplore_Global_All-Standards.txt" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-01T22:26:44+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T22:26:44+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 1, "body": "**IEEE Std 896.9-1994**（IEEE Standard for Fault Tolerant Extensions to the Futurebus+(R) Architecture）是[[organization_ieee|电气电子工程师学会]]的技术标准。公开目录将其标为非现行（Inactive），已撤回（Withdrawn），著录年份为 1995 年，主题领域包括 Computing and Processing、Components, Circuits, Devices and Systems、Computing and Processing[^s1]。参见[[concept_ieee_standards|IEEE 标准]]。", "url": "/works/ieee-std-896-9-1994.html", "lang": "es", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh" ], "workKind": "standard", "published": { "year": 1995, "precision": "year", "display": "1995年" }, "language": "英语" }, { "id": "work_ieee_8802_5_1992", "type": "work", "title": "IEEE Std 8802-5-1992", "slug": "ieee-std-8802-5-1992", "aliases": [ "8802-5-1992", "8802-5-1992 - ISO/IEC/IEEE International Standard - Information technology - Local and metropolitan area networks - Part 5: Token ring access method and physical layer specifications" ], "summary": "IEEE Std 8802-5-1992 是电气电子工程师学会的技术标准，题为“ISO/IEC/IEEE International Standard - Information technology - Local and metropolitan area networks - Part 5: Token ring access method and physical layer specifications”；公开目录标为已被替代（Superseded），著录年份为 1992 年。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-science-technology" ], "tags": [ "tag-ieee-standard" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "IEEE Std 8802-5-1992 — IEEE Xplore 题录", "author": "IEEE", "url": "https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/servlet/opac?punumber=7438705", "locator": "standard_number=8802-5-1992; status=Superseded; modifier=" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "IEEE Xplore All Standards（KBART）", "author": "IEEE", "date": "2026-11-01", "url": "https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/otherfiles/IEEEXplore_Global_All-Standards.txt" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-01T22:26:27+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T22:26:27+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 1, "body": "**IEEE Std 8802-5-1992**（ISO/IEC/IEEE International Standard - Information technology - Local and metropolitan area networks - Part 5: Token ring access method and physical layer specifications）是[[organization_ieee|电气电子工程师学会]]的技术标准。公开目录将其标为已被替代（Superseded），著录年份为 1992 年，主题领域包括 Communication, Networking and Broadcast Technologies、Components, Circuits, Devices and Systems、Computing and Processing[^s1]。参见[[concept_ieee_standards|IEEE 标准]]。", "url": "/works/ieee-std-8802-5-1992.html", "lang": "es", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh" ], "workKind": "standard", "published": { "year": 1992, "precision": "year", "display": "1992年" }, "language": "英语" }, { "id": "work_ieee_p3004_7_d4_1_jun_2019", "type": "work", "title": "IEEE Std P3004.7/D4.1, Jun 2019", "slug": "ieee-std-p3004-7-d4-1-jun-2019", "aliases": [ "P3004.7/D4.1, Jun 2019", "P3004.7/D4.1, Jun 2019 - IEEE Draft Recommended Practice for the Protection of Conductors Used in Industrial and Commercial Power Systems" ], "summary": "IEEE Std P3004.7/D4.1, Jun 2019 是电气电子工程师学会的草案，题为“IEEE Draft Recommended Practice for the Protection of Conductors Used in Industrial and Commercial Power Systems”；公开目录标为非现行（Inactive），著录年份为 2020 年。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-science-technology" ], "tags": [ "tag-ieee-standard" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "IEEE Std P3004.7/D4.1, Jun 2019 — IEEE Xplore 题录", "author": "IEEE", "url": "https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/servlet/opac?punumber=8976444", "locator": "standard_number=P3004.7/D4.1, Jun 2019; status=Inactive; modifier=Draft" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "IEEE Xplore All Standards（KBART）", "author": "IEEE", "date": "2026-11-01", "url": "https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/otherfiles/IEEEXplore_Global_All-Standards.txt" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-01T22:26:03+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T22:26:03+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 1, "body": "**IEEE Std P3004.7/D4.1, Jun 2019**（IEEE Draft Recommended Practice for the Protection of Conductors Used in Industrial and Commercial Power Systems）是[[organization_ieee|电气电子工程师学会]]的草案。公开目录将其标为非现行（Inactive），著录年份为 2020 年，主题领域包括 Components, Circuits, Devices and Systems、Power, Energy and Industry Applications[^s1]。参见[[concept_ieee_standards|IEEE 标准]]。", "url": "/works/ieee-std-p3004-7-d4-1-jun-2019.html", "lang": "es", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh" ], "workKind": "standard", "published": { "year": 2020, "precision": "year", "display": "2020年" }, "language": "英语" }, { "id": "work_ieee_p3002_3_d7_jun_2017", "type": "work", "title": "IEEE Std P3002.3/D7, Jun 2017", "slug": "ieee-std-p3002-3-d7-jun-2017", "aliases": [ "P3002.3/D7, Jun 2017", "P3002.3/D7, Jun 2017 - IEEE Draft Recommended Practice for Conducting Short-Circuit Studies of Industrial and Commercial Power Systems" ], "summary": "IEEE Std P3002.3/D7, Jun 2017 是电气电子工程师学会的草案，题为“IEEE Draft Recommended Practice for Conducting Short-Circuit Studies of Industrial and Commercial Power Systems”；公开目录标为非现行（Inactive），著录年份为 2017 年。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-science-technology" ], "tags": [ "tag-ieee-standard" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "IEEE Std P3002.3/D7, Jun 2017 — IEEE Xplore 题录", "author": "IEEE", "url": "https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/servlet/opac?punumber=7951050", "locator": "standard_number=P3002.3/D7, Jun 2017; status=Inactive; modifier=Draft" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "IEEE Xplore All Standards（KBART）", "author": "IEEE", "date": "2026-11-01", "url": "https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/otherfiles/IEEEXplore_Global_All-Standards.txt" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-01T22:24:26+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T22:24:26+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 1, "body": "**IEEE Std P3002.3/D7, Jun 2017**（IEEE Draft Recommended Practice for Conducting Short-Circuit Studies of Industrial and Commercial Power Systems）是[[organization_ieee|电气电子工程师学会]]于 2017 年 6 月形成的草案。公开目录将其标为非现行（Inactive），主题领域包括 Components, Circuits, Devices and Systems、Power, Energy and Industry Applications[^s1]。参见[[concept_ieee_standards|IEEE 标准]]。", "url": "/works/ieee-std-p3002-3-d7-jun-2017.html", "lang": "es", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh" ], "workKind": "standard", "published": { "year": 2017, "precision": "year", "display": "2017年" }, "language": "英语" }, { "id": "work_ieee_837_1984", "type": "work", "title": "IEEE Std 837-1984", "slug": "ieee-std-837-1984", "aliases": [ "837-1984", "837-1984 - IEEE Standard for Qualifying Permanent Connectors Used in Substation Grounding" ], "summary": "IEEE Std 837-1984 是电气电子工程师学会的技术标准，题为“IEEE Standard for Qualifying Permanent Connectors Used in Substation Grounding”；公开目录标为已被替代（Superseded），著录年份为 1984 年。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-science-technology" ], "tags": [ "tag-ieee-standard" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "IEEE Std 837-1984 — IEEE Xplore 题录", "author": "IEEE", "url": "https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/servlet/opac?punumber=7439708", "locator": "standard_number=837-1984; status=Superseded; modifier=" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "IEEE Xplore All Standards（KBART）", "author": "IEEE", "date": "2026-11-01", "url": "https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/otherfiles/IEEEXplore_Global_All-Standards.txt" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-01T22:23:37+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T22:23:37+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 1, "body": "**IEEE Std 837-1984**（IEEE Standard for Qualifying Permanent Connectors Used in Substation Grounding）是[[organization_ieee|电气电子工程师学会]]的技术标准。公开目录将其标为已被替代（Superseded），著录年份为 1984 年，主题领域包括 Power, Energy and Industry Applications、Components, Circuits, Devices and Systems[^s1]。参见[[concept_ieee_standards|IEEE 标准]]。", "url": "/works/ieee-std-837-1984.html", "lang": "es", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh" ], "workKind": "standard", "published": { "year": 1984, "precision": "year", "display": "1984年" }, "language": "英语" }, { "id": "work_ieee_824_1994", "type": "work", "title": "IEEE Std 824-1994", "slug": "ieee-std-824-1994", "aliases": [ "824-1994", "824-1994 - IEEE Standard for Series Capacitors in Power Systems" ], "summary": "IEEE Std 824-1994 是电气电子工程师学会的技术标准，题为“IEEE Standard for Series Capacitors in Power Systems”；公开目录标为已被替代（Superseded），著录年份为 1994 年。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-science-technology" ], "tags": [ "tag-ieee-standard" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "IEEE Std 824-1994 — IEEE Xplore 题录", "author": "IEEE", "url": "https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/servlet/opac?punumber=3136", "locator": "standard_number=824-1994; status=Superseded; modifier=" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "IEEE Xplore All Standards（KBART）", "author": "IEEE", "date": "2026-11-01", "url": "https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/otherfiles/IEEEXplore_Global_All-Standards.txt" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-01T22:23:16+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T22:23:16+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 1, "body": "**IEEE Std 824-1994**（IEEE Standard for Series Capacitors in Power Systems）是[[organization_ieee|电气电子工程师学会]]的技术标准。公开目录将其标为已被替代（Superseded），著录年份为 1994 年，主题领域包括 Power, Energy and Industry Applications[^s1]。参见[[concept_ieee_standards|IEEE 标准]]。", "url": "/works/ieee-std-824-1994.html", "lang": "es", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh" ], "workKind": "standard", "published": { "year": 1994, "precision": "year", "display": "1994年" }, "language": "英语" }, { "id": "work_ieee_802_7_1989", "type": "work", "title": "IEEE Std 802.7-1989", "slug": "ieee-std-802-7-1989", "aliases": [ "802.7-1989", "802.7-1989 - IEEE Recommended Practices for Broadband Local Area Networks" ], "summary": "IEEE Std 802.7-1989 是电气电子工程师学会的技术标准，题为“IEEE Recommended Practices for Broadband Local Area Networks”；公开目录标为非现行（Inactive），已撤回（Withdrawn），著录年份为 1990 年。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-science-technology" ], "tags": [ "tag-ieee-standard" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "IEEE Std 802.7-1989 — IEEE Xplore 题录", "author": "IEEE", "url": "https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/servlet/opac?punumber=2292", "locator": "standard_number=802.7-1989; status=Inactive; modifier=Withdrawn" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "IEEE Xplore All Standards（KBART）", "author": "IEEE", "date": "2026-11-01", "url": "https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/otherfiles/IEEEXplore_Global_All-Standards.txt" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-01T22:22:43+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T22:22:43+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 1, "body": "**IEEE Std 802.7-1989**（IEEE Recommended Practices for Broadband Local Area Networks）是[[organization_ieee|电气电子工程师学会]]的技术标准。公开目录将其标为非现行（Inactive），已撤回（Withdrawn），著录年份为 1990 年，主题领域包括 Communication, Networking and Broadcast Technologies[^s1]。参见[[concept_ieee_standards|IEEE 标准]]。", "url": "/works/ieee-std-802-7-1989.html", "lang": "es", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh" ], "workKind": "standard", "published": { "year": 1990, "precision": "year", "display": "1990年" }, "language": "英语" }, { "id": "work_ieee_p2870_d4_5_sept_2021", "type": "work", "title": "IEEE Std P2870/D4.5, Sept 2021", "slug": "ieee-std-p2870-d4-5-sept-2021", "aliases": [ "P2870/D4.5, Sept 2021", "P2870/D4.5, Sept 2021 - IEEE Draft Guide for Grip Test Method Guide for Fittings of High-Temperature, Low-Sag Overhead Conductor Under Tension and Electric Current Co-effect" ], "summary": "IEEE Std P2870/D4.5, Sept 2021 是电气电子工程师学会的草案，题为“IEEE Draft Guide for Grip Test Method Guide for Fittings of High-Temperature, Low-Sag Overhead Conductor Under Tension and Electric Current Co-effect”；公开目录标为非现行（Inactive），著录年份为 2021 年。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-science-technology" ], "tags": [ "tag-ieee-standard" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "IEEE Std P2870/D4.5, Sept 2021 — IEEE Xplore 题录", "author": "IEEE", "url": "https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/servlet/opac?punumber=9536680", "locator": "standard_number=P2870/D4.5, Sept 2021; status=Inactive; modifier=Draft" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "IEEE Xplore All Standards（KBART）", "author": "IEEE", "date": "2026-11-01", "url": "https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/otherfiles/IEEEXplore_Global_All-Standards.txt" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-01T22:21:11+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T22:21:11+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 1, "body": "**IEEE Std P2870/D4.5, Sept 2021**（IEEE Draft Guide for Grip Test Method Guide for Fittings of High-Temperature, Low-Sag Overhead Conductor Under Tension and Electric Current Co-effect）是[[organization_ieee|电气电子工程师学会]]于 2021 年 9 月形成的草案。公开目录将其标为非现行（Inactive），主题领域包括 Components, Circuits, Devices and Systems、Power, Energy and Industry Applications[^s1]。参见[[concept_ieee_standards|IEEE 标准]]。", "url": "/works/ieee-std-p2870-d4-5-sept-2021.html", "lang": "es", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh" ], "workKind": "standard", "published": { "year": 2021, "precision": "year", "display": "2021年" }, "language": "英语" }, { "id": "work_ieee_802_15_4e_2012", "type": "work", "title": "IEEE Std 802.15.4e-2012", "slug": "ieee-std-802-15-4e-2012", "aliases": [ "802.15.4e-2012", "802.15.4e-2012 - IEEE Standard for Local and metropolitan area networks--Part 15.4: Low-Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks (LR-WPANs) Amendment 1: MAC sublayer" ], "summary": "IEEE Std 802.15.4e-2012 是电气电子工程师学会的技术标准，题为“IEEE Standard for Local and metropolitan area networks--Part 15.4: Low-Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks (LR-WPANs) Amendment 1: MAC sublayer”；公开目录标为已被替代（Superseded），著录年份为 2012 年。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-science-technology" ], "tags": [ "tag-ieee-standard" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "IEEE Std 802.15.4e-2012 — IEEE Xplore 题录", "author": "IEEE", "url": "https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/servlet/opac?punumber=6185523", "locator": "standard_number=802.15.4e-2012; status=Superseded; modifier=" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "IEEE Xplore All Standards（KBART）", "author": "IEEE", "date": "2026-11-01", "url": "https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/otherfiles/IEEEXplore_Global_All-Standards.txt" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-01T22:19:02+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T22:19:02+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 1, "body": "**IEEE Std 802.15.4e-2012**（IEEE Standard for Local and metropolitan area networks--Part 15.4: Low-Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks (LR-WPANs) Amendment 1: MAC sublayer）是[[organization_ieee|电气电子工程师学会]]的技术标准。公开目录将其标为已被替代（Superseded），著录年份为 2012 年，主题领域包括 Communication, Networking and Broadcast Technologies、Components, Circuits, Devices and Systems、Computing and Processing[^s1]。参见[[concept_ieee_standards|IEEE 标准]]。", "url": "/works/ieee-std-802-15-4e-2012.html", "lang": "es", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh" ], "workKind": "standard", "published": { "year": 2012, "precision": "year", "display": "2012年" }, "language": "英语" }, { "id": "work_ieee_802_12c_1998", "type": "work", "title": "IEEE Std 802.12c-1998", "slug": "ieee-std-802-12c-1998", "aliases": [ "802.12c-1998", "802.12c-1998 - Supplement to Information Technology--Local and metropolitan area networks--Specific requirements--Part 12: Demad-priority access method, physical layer and repeater specifications: Ful" ], "summary": "IEEE Std 802.12c-1998 是电气电子工程师学会的技术标准，题为“Supplement to Information Technology--Local and metropolitan area networks--Specific requirements--Part 12: Demad-priority access method, physical layer and repeater specifications: Ful”；公开目录标为非现行（Inactive），已撤回（Withdrawn），著录年份为 1998 年。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-science-technology" ], "tags": [ "tag-ieee-standard" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "IEEE Std 802.12c-1998 — IEEE Xplore 题录", "author": "IEEE", "url": "https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/servlet/opac?punumber=6065", "locator": "standard_number=802.12c-1998; status=Inactive; modifier=Withdrawn" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "IEEE Xplore All Standards（KBART）", "author": "IEEE", "date": "2026-11-01", "url": "https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/otherfiles/IEEEXplore_Global_All-Standards.txt" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-01T22:18:48+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T22:18:48+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 1, "body": "**IEEE Std 802.12c-1998**（Supplement to Information Technology--Local and metropolitan area networks--Specific requirements--Part 12: Demad-priority access method, physical layer and repeater specifications: Ful）是[[organization_ieee|电气电子工程师学会]]的技术标准。公开目录将其标为非现行（Inactive），已撤回（Withdrawn），著录年份为 1998 年，主题领域包括 Communication, Networking and Broadcast Technologies[^s1]。参见[[concept_ieee_standards|IEEE 标准]]。", "url": "/works/ieee-std-802-12c-1998.html", "lang": "es", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh" ], "workKind": "standard", "published": { "year": 1998, "precision": "year", "display": "1998年" }, "language": "英语" }, { "id": "work_ieee_802_15_1_2005", "type": "work", "title": "IEEE Std 802.15.1-2005", "slug": "ieee-std-802-15-1-2005", "aliases": [ "802.15.1-2005", "802.15.1-2005 - IEEE Standard for Information technology-- Local and metropolitan area networks-- Specific requirements-- Part 15.1a: Wireless Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) spec" ], "summary": "IEEE Std 802.15.1-2005 是电气电子工程师学会的技术标准，题为“IEEE Standard for Information technology-- Local and metropolitan area networks-- Specific requirements-- Part 15.1a: Wireless Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) spec”；公开目录标为非现行（Inactive），已撤回（Withdrawn），著录年份为 2005 年。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-science-technology" ], "tags": [ "tag-ieee-standard" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "IEEE Std 802.15.1-2005 — IEEE Xplore 题录", "author": "IEEE", "url": "https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/servlet/opac?punumber=9980", "locator": "standard_number=802.15.1-2005; status=Inactive; modifier=Withdrawn" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "IEEE Xplore All Standards（KBART）", "author": "IEEE", "date": "2026-11-01", "url": "https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/otherfiles/IEEEXplore_Global_All-Standards.txt" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-01T22:18:48+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T22:18:48+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 1, "body": "**IEEE Std 802.15.1-2005**（IEEE Standard for Information technology-- Local and metropolitan area networks-- Specific requirements-- Part 15.1a: Wireless Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) spec）是[[organization_ieee|电气电子工程师学会]]的技术标准。公开目录将其标为非现行（Inactive），已撤回（Withdrawn），著录年份为 2005 年，主题领域包括 Communication, Networking and Broadcast Technologies[^s1]。参见[[concept_ieee_standards|IEEE 标准]]。", "url": "/works/ieee-std-802-15-1-2005.html", "lang": "es", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh" ], "workKind": "standard", "published": { "year": 2005, "precision": "year", "display": "2005年" }, "language": "英语" }, { "id": "work_ieee_1653_3_2021_9459522_redline", "type": "work", "title": "IEEE Std 1653.3-2021", "slug": "ieee-std-1653-3-2021-9459522-redline", "aliases": [ "1653.3-2021", "1653.3-2021 - IEEE Guide for Rail Transit Traction Power Systems Modeling - Redline" ], "summary": "IEEE Std 1653.3-2021 是电气电子工程师学会的技术标准，题为“IEEE Guide for Rail Transit Traction Power Systems Modeling - Redline”；公开目录标为现行（Active），红线对照（Redline），著录年份为 2021 年。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-science-technology" ], "tags": [ "tag-ieee-standard" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "IEEE Std 1653.3-2021 — IEEE Xplore 题录", "author": "IEEE", "url": "https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/servlet/opac?punumber=9459522", "locator": "standard_number=1653.3-2021; status=Active; modifier=Redline" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "IEEE Xplore All Standards（KBART）", "author": "IEEE", "date": "2026-11-01", "url": "https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/otherfiles/IEEEXplore_Global_All-Standards.txt" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-01T21:59:18+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T21:59:18+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 1, "body": "**IEEE Std 1653.3-2021**（IEEE Guide for Rail Transit Traction Power Systems Modeling - Redline）是[[organization_ieee|电气电子工程师学会]]的技术标准。公开目录将其标为现行（Active），红线对照（Redline），著录年份为 2021 年，主题领域包括 Power, Energy and Industry Applications[^s1]。参见[[concept_ieee_standards|IEEE 标准]]。", "url": "/works/ieee-std-1653-3-2021-9459522-redline.html", "lang": "es", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh" ], "workKind": "standard", "published": { "year": 2021, "precision": "year", "display": "2021年" }, "language": "英语" }, { "id": "work_ieee_1276_1997", "type": "work", "title": "IEEE Std 1276-1997", "slug": "ieee-std-1276-1997", "aliases": [ "1276-1997", "1276-1997 - IEEE Guide for the Application of High-Temperature Insulation Materials in Liquid-Immersed Power Transformers" ], "summary": "IEEE Std 1276-1997 是电气电子工程师学会的技术标准，题为“IEEE Guide for the Application of High-Temperature Insulation Materials in Liquid-Immersed Power Transformers”；公开目录标为已被替代（Superseded），著录年份为 1998 年。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-science-technology" ], "tags": [ "tag-ieee-standard" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "IEEE Std 1276-1997 — IEEE Xplore 题录", "author": "IEEE", "url": "https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/servlet/opac?punumber=5341", "locator": "standard_number=1276-1997; status=Superseded; modifier=" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "IEEE Xplore All Standards（KBART）", "author": "IEEE", "date": "2026-11-01", "url": "https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/otherfiles/IEEEXplore_Global_All-Standards.txt" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-01T21:51:21+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T21:51:21+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 1, "body": "**IEEE Std 1276-1997**（IEEE Guide for the Application of High-Temperature Insulation Materials in Liquid-Immersed Power Transformers）是[[organization_ieee|电气电子工程师学会]]的技术标准。公开目录将其标为已被替代（Superseded），著录年份为 1998 年，主题领域包括 Power, Energy and Industry Applications[^s1]。参见[[concept_ieee_standards|IEEE 标准]]。", "url": "/works/ieee-std-1276-1997.html", "lang": "es", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh" ], "workKind": "standard", "published": { "year": 1998, "precision": "year", "display": "1998年" }, "language": "英语" }, { "id": "work_ieee_1204_1997", "type": "work", "title": "IEEE Std 1204-1997", "slug": "ieee-std-1204-1997", "aliases": [ "1204-1997", "1204-1997 - IEEE Guide for Planning DC Links Terminating at AC Locations Having Low Short-Circuit Capacities" ], "summary": "IEEE Std 1204-1997 是电气电子工程师学会的技术标准，题为“IEEE Guide for Planning DC Links Terminating at AC Locations Having Low Short-Circuit Capacities”；公开目录标为非现行（Inactive），已撤回（Withdrawn），著录年份为 1997 年。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-science-technology" ], "tags": [ "tag-ieee-standard" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "IEEE Std 1204-1997 — IEEE Xplore 题录", "author": "IEEE", "url": "https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/servlet/opac?punumber=5251", "locator": "standard_number=1204-1997; status=Inactive; modifier=Withdrawn" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "IEEE Xplore All Standards（KBART）", "author": "IEEE", "date": "2026-11-01", "url": "https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/otherfiles/IEEEXplore_Global_All-Standards.txt" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-01T21:49:53+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T21:49:53+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 1, "body": "**IEEE Std 1204-1997**（IEEE Guide for Planning DC Links Terminating at AC Locations Having Low Short-Circuit Capacities）是[[organization_ieee|电气电子工程师学会]]的技术标准。公开目录将其标为非现行（Inactive），已撤回（Withdrawn），著录年份为 1997 年，主题领域包括 Power, Energy and Industry Applications[^s1]。参见[[concept_ieee_standards|IEEE 标准]]。", "url": "/works/ieee-std-1204-1997.html", "lang": "es", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh" ], "workKind": "standard", "published": { "year": 1997, "precision": "year", "display": "1997年" }, "language": "英语" }, { "id": "work_ieee_2715_2023", "type": "work", "title": "IEEE Std 2715-2023", "slug": "ieee-std-2715-2023", "aliases": [ "2715-2023", "2715-2023 - IEEE Guide for the Characterization of the Shielding Effectiveness of Planar Materials" ], "summary": "IEEE Std 2715-2023 是电气电子工程师学会的技术标准，题为“IEEE Guide for the Characterization of the Shielding Effectiveness of Planar Materials”；公开目录标为现行（Active），已批准（Approved），著录年份为 2023 年。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-science-technology" ], "tags": [ "tag-ieee-standard" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "IEEE Std 2715-2023 — IEEE Xplore 题录", "author": "IEEE", "url": "https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/servlet/opac?punumber=10115250", "locator": "standard_number=2715-2023; status=Active; modifier=Approved" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "IEEE Xplore All Standards（KBART）", "author": "IEEE", "date": "2026-11-01", "url": "https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/otherfiles/IEEEXplore_Global_All-Standards.txt" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-01T21:15:48+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T21:15:48+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 1, "body": "**IEEE Std 2715-2023**（IEEE Guide for the Characterization of the Shielding Effectiveness of Planar Materials）是[[organization_ieee|电气电子工程师学会]]的技术标准。公开目录将其标为现行（Active），已批准（Approved），著录年份为 2023 年，主题领域包括 Fields, Waves and Electromagnetics[^s1]。参见[[concept_ieee_standards|IEEE 标准]]。", "url": "/works/ieee-std-2715-2023.html", "lang": "es", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh" ], "workKind": "standard", "published": { "year": 2023, "precision": "year", "display": "2023年" }, "language": "英语" }, { "id": "work_ieee_1901b_2021_9716096", "type": "work", "title": "IEEE Std 1901b-2021", "slug": "ieee-std-1901b-2021-9716096", "aliases": [ "1901b-2021", "1901b-2021 - IEEE Standard for Broadband over Power Line Networks: Medium Access Control and Physical Layer Specifications Amendment 2: Enhancements for Authentication and Authorization" ], "summary": "IEEE Std 1901b-2021 是电气电子工程师学会的技术标准，题为“IEEE Standard for Broadband over Power Line Networks: Medium Access Control and Physical Layer Specifications Amendment 2: Enhancements for Authentication and Authorization”；公开目录标为现行（Active），已批准（Approved），著录年份为 2022 年。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-science-technology" ], "tags": [ "tag-ieee-standard" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "IEEE Std 1901b-2021 — IEEE Xplore 题录", "author": "IEEE", "url": "https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/servlet/opac?punumber=9716096", "locator": "standard_number=1901b-2021; status=Active; modifier=Approved" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "IEEE Xplore All Standards（KBART）", "author": "IEEE", "date": "2026-11-01", "url": "https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/otherfiles/IEEEXplore_Global_All-Standards.txt" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-01T21:14:44+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T21:14:44+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 1, "body": "**IEEE Std 1901b-2021**（IEEE Standard for Broadband over Power Line Networks: Medium Access Control and Physical Layer Specifications Amendment 2: Enhancements for Authentication and Authorization）是[[organization_ieee|电气电子工程师学会]]的技术标准。公开目录将其标为现行（Active），已批准（Approved），著录年份为 2022 年，主题领域包括 Communication, Networking and Broadcast Technologies、Power, Energy and Industry Applications[^s1]。参见[[concept_ieee_standards|IEEE 标准]]。", "url": "/works/ieee-std-1901b-2021-9716096.html", "lang": "es", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh" ], "workKind": "standard", "published": { "year": 2022, "precision": "year", "display": "2022年" }, "language": "英语" }, { "id": "place_us_ca_belvedere_27490", "type": "place", "title": "贝尔韦代雷", "slug": "ca-belvedere-27490", "aliases": [ "Belvedere" ], "summary": "贝尔韦代雷（Belvedere）是美国加利福尼亚州马林县的聚落。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-geography" ], "tags": [], "sources": [ { "id": "geonames", "title": "GeoNames US dataset (US.txt / admin2Codes.txt)", "url": "https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/US.zip" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-29T11:29:07+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T09:11:03+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 3, "body": "**贝尔韦代雷（Belvedere）**是美国[[place_us_ca|加利福尼亚州]][[place_us_ca_marin_county|马林县]]的聚落[^geonames]。", "url": "/places/ca-belvedere-27490.html", "lang": "es", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "placeKind": "populated_place", "coordinates": { "latitude": 37.8727, "longitude": -122.46442 }, "adminArea": "美国 · 加利福尼亚州 · 贝尔韦代雷" }, { "id": "place_de_bremen", "type": "place", "title": "Bremen (Ciudad Libre Hanseática de Bremen)", "slug": "de-bremen", "summary": "Bremen es el menor estado ciudad-estado de Alemania, con una superficie de alrededor de 420 km² y unos 680.000 habitantes (censo de 2022); se compone de las ciudades de Bremen y Bremerhaven.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-geography", "category-history" ], "tags": [ "tag-admin-division" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikipedia", "title": "Bremen — Wikipedia", "url": "https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bremen", "locator": "abgerufen 2026-10-28" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-31T12:25:42+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-31T12:25:42+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 20, "body": "## Descripción general\n\nLa Ciudad Libre Hanseática de Bremen es el menor estado de Alemania y se compone de dos ciudades separadas espacialmente: Bremen y, a unos 60 km al norte, Bremerhaven en la desembocadura del Weser. El estado tiene una superficie de alrededor de 420 km² y unos 680.000 habitantes (censo de 2022). El código ISO-3166-2 es DE-HB. Bremen fue en 1949 estado fundador de la República Federal.\n\n## División administrativa\n\nComo ciudad-estado, Bremen no tiene distritos rurales (Landkreise). Existen dos municipios urbanos (Stadtgemeinden) (Bremen y Bremerhaven); la ciudad de Bremen se divide en 5 distritos urbanos (Stadtbezirke), y Bremerhaven en barrios. El Senado bajo el presidente del Senado (alcalde) es al mismo tiempo el gobierno estatal.\n\n## Ciudades principales\n\n- Bremen (alrededor de 570.000 habitantes)\n- Bremerhaven (alrededor de 115.000 habitantes)\n\n## Transporte\n\nBremen es un nudo ferroviario y de autopistas del noroeste; el aeropuerto de Bremen conecta la región con destinos europeos, mientras que Bremerhaven es uno de los mayores puertos de contenedores y automóviles del mundo.\n\n## Economía\n\nSon importantes la economía portuaria y logística, la industria aeroespacial (Airbus), la industria del automóvil (Mercedes-Benz Bremen), así como la economía alimentaria y marítima.", "url": "/places/de-bremen.html", "lang": "es", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "ar", "en", "es", "fr", "hi", "id", "it", "ja", "ko", "ms", "nl", "pt", "ru", "th", "tr", "vi", "zh-hant" ], "placeKind": "Bundesland (Stadtstaat)", "coordinates": { "latitude": 53.08, "longitude": 8.8 }, "adminArea": "Deutschland", "established": { "year": 1949, "precision": "year", "display": "1949 (Gründung der Bundesrepublik Deutschland)" } }, { "id": "place_us_or_tumalo", "type": "place", "title": "Tumalo", "slug": "or-tumalo", "summary": "Tumalo是美国俄勒冈州德舒特县的一座村。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-geography" ], "tags": [ "tag-admin-division" ], "sources": [ { "id": "geonames", "title": "GeoNames US dataset (US.txt / admin2Codes.txt)", "url": "https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/US.zip" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-29T11:36:16+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T08:32:37+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 4, "body": "**Tumalo**是位于美国[[place_us_or|俄勒冈州]][[place_us_or_deschutes_county|德舒特县]]的村[^geonames]。", "url": "/places/or-tumalo.html", "lang": "es", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "placeKind": "village", "coordinates": { "latitude": 44.14984, "longitude": -121.33087 }, "adminArea": "美国 · 俄勒冈州 · Tumalo" }, { "id": "place_us_mi_casnovia", "type": "place", "title": "Casnovia", "slug": "mi-casnovia", "summary": "Casnovia是美国密歇根州马斯基根县的一座村。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-geography" ], "tags": [ "tag-admin-division" ], "sources": [ { "id": "geonames", "title": "GeoNames US dataset (US.txt / admin2Codes.txt)", "url": "https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/US.zip" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-29T11:13:19+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T08:32:10+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 4, "body": "**Casnovia**是位于美国[[place_us_mi|密歇根州]][[place_us_mi_muskegon_county|马斯基根县]]的村[^geonames]。", "url": "/places/mi-casnovia.html", "lang": "es", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "placeKind": "village", "coordinates": { "latitude": 43.23474, "longitude": -85.7906 }, "adminArea": "美国 · 密歇根州 · Casnovia" }, { "id": "place_tashkent_international_airport", "type": "place", "title": "塔什干国际机场", "slug": "tashkent-international-airport", "aliases": [ "TAS", "UZTT", "Tashkent International Airport" ], "summary": "塔什干国际机场位于乌兹别克斯坦塔什干，IATA 代码为 TAS，ICAO 代码为 UZTT。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-transit", "category-aviation" ], "tags": [ "tag-airport" ], "sources": [ { "id": "ourairports", "title": "OurAirports 公开机场数据集", "author": "OurAirports", "url": "https://ourairports.com/data/" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "塔什干国际机场（中文维基百科）", "author": "中文维基百科", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E4%BB%80%E5%B9%B2%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E6%9C%BA%E5%9C%BA" }, { "id": "enwiki", "title": "Tashkent International Airport（英文维基百科）", "author": "Wikipedia", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tashkent_International_Airport" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-29T14:53:21+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T08:25:05+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 3, "body": "**塔什干国际机场**位于乌兹别克斯坦塔什干，IATA 代码为 TAS，ICAO 代码为 UZTT[^ourairports][^zhwiki]。", "url": "/places/tashkent-international-airport.html", "lang": "es", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh" ], "placeKind": "airport", "coordinates": { "latitude": 41.2579, "longitude": 69.281197 }, "adminArea": "乌兹别克斯坦" }, { "id": "place_us_ut_piute_county", "type": "place", "title": "派尤特县", "slug": "ut-piute-county", "aliases": [ "Piute County" ], "summary": "派尤特县（Piute County）是美国犹他州的县。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-geography" ], "tags": [ "tag-admin-division" ], "sources": [ { "id": "geonames", "title": "GeoNames US dataset (US.txt / admin2Codes.txt)", "url": "https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/US.zip" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-29T10:20:38+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T07:41:30+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 4, "body": "**派尤特县**（Piute County）是美国犹他州南部的县[^geonames]。", "url": "/places/ut-piute-county.html", "lang": "es", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "placeKind": "county", "coordinates": { "latitude": 38.33645, "longitude": -112.12695 }, "adminArea": "美国 · 犹他州 · 派尤特县" }, { "customFields": [ { "key": "cuisine", "value": "中餐（Chinese）" }, { "key": "address", "value": "St Regis Doha, West Bay, Doha, Qatar" }, { "key": "phone", "value": "+974 4446 0170" }, { "key": "hours", "value": "周一至周四、周日 18:00-00:00，周五、六 12:00-00:00" }, { "key": "price", "value": "﷼﷼﷼﷼（高档）" }, { "key": "website", "value": "https://hakkasan.com/doha/" }, { "key": "awards", "value": "米其林指南多哈版入选餐厅（MICHELIN Selected）" } ], "id": "place_restaurant_doha_hakkasan", "type": "place", "title": "Hakkasan", "slug": "restaurant-doha-hakkasan", "summary": "Hakkasan 是位于多哈西湾的中餐厅，列入2026年《米其林指南多哈版》入选名单。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-restaurants" ], "tags": [ "tag-michelin-guide" ], "sources": [ { "id": "guide2026", "title": "The Full List of the MICHELIN Guide 多哈 Selection", "author": "MICHELIN Guide", "date": "2025-12-09", "url": "https://guide.michelin.com/qa/en/article/michelin-guide-ceremony/full-list-michelin-guide-doha-selection" }, { "id": "michelin", "title": "Hakkasan – Doha - a MICHELIN Guide Restaurant", "author": "MICHELIN Guide", "url": "https://guide.michelin.com/qa/en/doha-region/doha_2433318/restaurant/hakkasan-1197469" }, { "id": "osm", "title": "OpenStreetMap", "author": "OpenStreetMap contributors", "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/1039138254", "locator": "按地址定位（Nominatim）" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-30T05:06:05+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T07:36:00+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 9, "body": "**Hakkasan**是位于多哈西湾的中餐厅，列入[[work_michelin_guide_doha_2026|2026《米其林指南多哈版》]]入选名单[^michelin][^guide2026]。米其林指南介绍的菜品包括北京烤鸭和点心拼盘[^michelin]。", "url": "/places/restaurant-doha-hakkasan.html", "lang": "es", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "disambiguation": "多哈·西湾", "placeKind": "restaurant", "coordinates": { "latitude": 25.350225, "longitude": 51.529029 }, "locationNote": "St Regis Doha, West Bay, Doha, Qatar", "adminArea": "卡塔尔多哈" }, { "customFields": [ { "key": "isbn", "value": "978-7-5404-4842-4" } ], "id": "work_hnlib_071655859b76", "type": "work", "title": "世上另一个我", "slug": "hnlib-book-shi-shang-ling-yi-ge-wo", "summary": "《世上另一个我》是美国作家帕坎南创作的小说，中文版由湖南文艺出版社于2011年出版。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-literature" ], "tags": [], "sources": [ { "id": "online", "title": "世上另一个我", "url": "https://reader.hnlib.com/Recommend/Detail/210", "locator": "海宁市图书馆推荐书目第210条及其 ISBN 对应的图书详情：作者、出版社、出版日期、书号和内容简介" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-01T03:10:46+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T07:23:36+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 4, "body": "**《世上另一个我》**是美国作家[[person_hnlib_1c5edc30df2e|帕坎南]]创作的小说，中文版由湖南文艺出版社于2011年出版[^online]。\n\n## 内容\n\n小说围绕林赛与双胞胎姐姐亚历克斯之间的亲情与竞争展开。林赛回乡后发现一封阁楼旧信，信中揭开了家族隐藏近三十年的秘密[^online]。", "url": "/works/hnlib-book-shi-shang-ling-yi-ge-wo.html", "lang": "es", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh" ], "workKind": "book", "medium": "长篇小说", "published": { "year": 2011, "display": "2011年" }, "creators": [ "帕坎南" ] }, { "id": "place_us_ca_beale_air_force_base", "type": "place", "title": "Beale Air Force Base", "slug": "ca-beale-air-force-base", "summary": "Beale Air Force Base 是位于美国加利福尼亚州尤巴县的美国空军基地。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-geography" ], "tags": [], "sources": [ { "id": "geonames", "title": "GeoNames US dataset (US.txt / admin2Codes.txt)", "url": "https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/US.zip" }, { "id": "enwiki", "title": "Beale Air Force Base", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beale_Air_Force_Base" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-29T11:39:24+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T07:03:25+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 6, "body": "**Beale Air Force Base**是位于美国加利福尼亚州尤巴县的美国空军基地[^enwiki]。", "url": "/places/ca-beale-air-force-base.html", "lang": "es", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "placeKind": "military_base", "coordinates": { "latitude": 39.10917, "longitude": -121.35444 }, "adminArea": "美国 · 加利福尼亚州 · Beale Air Force Base" }, { "id": "place_us_co_deer_trail", "type": "place", "title": "迪尔特雷尔", "slug": "co-deer-trail", "aliases": [ "Deer Trail" ], "summary": "迪尔特雷尔（Deer Trail）是美国科罗拉多州阿拉珀霍县的一处居民点。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-geography" ], "tags": [ "tag-admin-division" ], "sources": [ { "id": "geonames", "title": "GeoNames US dataset (US.txt / admin2Codes.txt)", "url": "https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/US.zip" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-29T11:31:29+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T05:42:02+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 4, "body": "**迪尔特雷尔**（Deer Trail）是美国科罗拉多州阿拉珀霍县的一处居民点。", "url": "/places/co-deer-trail.html", "lang": "es", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "placeKind": "village", "coordinates": { "latitude": 39.61498, "longitude": -104.0444 }, "adminArea": "美国 · 科罗拉多州 · 迪尔特雷尔" }, { "rankingTiers": [ { "id": "physics", "label": "诺贝尔物理学奖" }, { "id": "chemistry", "label": "诺贝尔化学奖" }, { "id": "medicine", "label": "诺贝尔生理学或医学奖" }, { "id": "literature", "label": "诺贝尔文学奖" }, { "id": "economics", "label": "瑞典中央银行纪念阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔经济学奖" } ], "rankingColumns": [ { "key": "motivation", "label": "获奖理由" }, { "key": "affiliation", "label": "获奖时所属机构" } ], "rankingEntries": [ { "name": "谢尔登·格拉肖", "tier": "physics", "entityId": "person_nobel_113", "sourceId": "s1", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for their contributions to the theory of the unified weak and electromagnetic interaction between elementary particles, including, inter alia, the prediction of the weak neutral current" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "Harvard University, Lyman Laboratory" } ] }, { "name": "阿卜杜勒·萨拉姆", "tier": "physics", "entityId": "person_nobel_114", "sourceId": "s1", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for their contributions to the theory of the unified weak and electromagnetic interaction between elementary particles, including, inter alia, the prediction of the weak neutral current" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "International Centre for Theoretical Physics" } ] }, { "name": "史蒂文·温伯格", "tier": "physics", "entityId": "person_nobel_115", "sourceId": "s1", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for their contributions to the theory of the unified weak and electromagnetic interaction between elementary particles, including, inter alia, the prediction of the weak neutral current" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "Harvard University" } ] }, { "name": "赫伯特·布朗", "tier": "chemistry", "entityId": "person_nobel_252", "sourceId": "s2", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for their development of the use of boron- and phosphorus-containing compounds, respectively, into important reagents in organic synthesis" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "Purdue University" } ] }, { "name": "格奥尔格·维蒂希", "tier": "chemistry", "entityId": "person_nobel_253", "sourceId": "s2", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for their development of the use of boron- and phosphorus-containing compounds, respectively, into important reagents in organic synthesis" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "University of Heidelberg" } ] }, { "name": "阿兰·麦克莱德·科马克", "tier": "medicine", "entityId": "person_nobel_417", "sourceId": "s3", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for the development of computer assisted tomography" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "Tufts University" } ] }, { "name": "高弗雷·豪斯费尔德", "tier": "medicine", "entityId": "person_nobel_418", "sourceId": "s3", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for the development of computer assisted tomography" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "Central Research Laboratories, EMI" } ] }, { "name": "奥季塞乌斯·埃利蒂斯", "tier": "literature", "entityId": "person_nobel_655", "sourceId": "s4", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for his poetry, which, against the background of Greek tradition, depicts with sensuous strength and intellectual clear-sightedness modern man's struggle for freedom and creativeness" } ] }, { "name": "西奥多·舒尔茨", "tier": "economics", "entityId": "person_nobel_692", "sourceId": "s5", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for their pioneering research into economic development research with particular consideration of the problems of developing countries" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "University of Chicago" } ] }, { "name": "威廉·阿瑟·刘易斯", "tier": "economics", "entityId": "person_nobel_693", "sourceId": "s5", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for their pioneering research into economic development research with particular consideration of the problems of developing countries" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "Princeton University" } ] } ], "id": "work_nobel_prize_1979", "type": "work", "title": "1979 年诺贝尔奖", "slug": "nobel-prize-1979", "aliases": [ "Nobel Prize 1979", "1979诺贝尔奖" ], "summary": "1979 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 5 个奖项、10 位得主，获奖名单在 1979-10-11 至 1979-10-18 陆续公布：诺贝尔物理学奖 3 位，诺贝尔化学奖 2 位，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 2 位，诺贝尔文学奖 1 位，瑞典中央银行纪念阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔经济学奖 2 位。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-awards" ], "tags": [ "tag-nobel-prize" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1979", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1979/summary/" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1979", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1979/summary/" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1979", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1979/summary/" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1979", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1979/summary/" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1979", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/1979/summary/" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:31:13+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 4, "body": "**1979 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 1979-10-11 至 1979-10-18 陆续公布[^s1]。\n\n## 本年度获奖情况\n\n| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |\n| --- | --- | ---: |\n| 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 1979-10-15 | 3 |\n| 诺贝尔化学奖 | 1979-10-15 | 2 |\n| 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 | 1979-10-11 | 2 |\n| 诺贝尔文学奖 | 1979-10-18 | 1 |\n| 瑞典中央银行纪念阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔经济学奖 | 1979-10-16 | 2 |\n\n得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]、[[organization_nobel_foundation|诺贝尔基金会]]", "url": "/works/nobel-prize-1979.html", "lang": "es", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "workKind": "ranking_list", "published": { "year": 1979, "precision": "year" }, "language": "中文" }, { "id": "organization_kobunsha", "type": "organization", "title": "光文社", "slug": "kobunsha", "aliases": [ "株式会社光文社", "Kobunsha", "Kobunsha Co., Ltd." ], "summary": "光文社是1945年创立、总部位于东京都文京区音羽的日本综合出版社，属以講談社为中心的音羽集团，以“カッパ・ブックス”和《女性自身》等知名。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-literature" ], "tags": [ "tag-publishing", "tag-literature" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "光文社", "author": "Wikipedia 日本語版", "url": "https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/光文社", "locator": "2026-11-01 访问" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "講談社", "author": "Wikipedia 日本語版", "url": "https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/講談社", "locator": "2026-11-01 访问" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-01T03:29:48+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:29:48+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 1, "body": "**光文社**（株式会社光文社，Kobunsha Co., Ltd.）是1945年10月1日在[[place_japan_pref_tokyo|东京]]创立的日本综合出版社，属以[[organization_kodansha|講談社]]为中心的“音羽集团”[^s1]。\n\n## 沿革\n\n光文社起源于1944年7月15日应陆军报道部要求作为講談社关系企业设立的“日本報道社”[^s1]。1945年战后，講談社成为出版界追究战争责任的主要对象，其经营层为防万一组建了光文社；講談社社史记为1945年9月5日以变更日本報道社章程的方式设立[^s1]。同年11月创刊综合月刊《光》，开始出版活动[^s1]。\n\n神吉晴夫与初代总编辑加藤一夫使该社接连推出畅销书；1954年创刊的“カッパ・ブックス”引发了日本的新书热潮[^s1]。1970年爆发劳资争议，神吉于年内辞去社长，争议至1977年才平息[^s1]。1996年，位于文京区音羽的新本社大楼建成[^s1]。\n\n## 职能与业务\n\n杂志方面，连载手冢治虫《铁臂阿童木》的《少年》开创了战后月刊少年漫画杂志的黄金时代，1958年创刊的周刊《女性自身》使“OL”一词得以普及；该社传统上擅长女性杂志，发行《JJ》《CLASSY.》《VERY》《STORY》等[^s1]。图书方面，该社出版过松本清张《点与线》、小松左京《日本沉没》等畅销书，并创办光文社文库、光文社新书和光文社古典新译文库[^s1]。\n\n## 现状\n\n主要股东为講談社（45.8%）和野间文化财团（40.3%）[^s1]。2023年营收为159亿日元，员工275人[^s1]。", "url": "/organizations/kobunsha.html", "lang": "es", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh" ], "orgKind": "publisher", "founded": { "year": 1945, "month": 10, "day": 1, "precision": "day", "display": "1945年10月1日" }, "orgStatus": "active", "headquartersNote": "日本东京都文京区音羽1丁目16番6号（1996年新本社大楼建成）" }, { "id": "place_restaurant_spain_madrid_el_club_allard", "type": "place", "title": "El Club Allard", "slug": "madrid-el-club-allard", "summary": "El Club Allard 位于马德里 Ferraz 2 的新艺术风格宅邸 Casa Gallardo 内，2023年由 Martín Berasategui 接手重开后获米其林一星，主打当代料理。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-food" ], "tags": [ "tag-michelin-guide" ], "sources": [ { "id": "profile2024", "title": "El Club Allard — Madrid — MICHELIN Guide restaurant profile (archived)", "author": "MICHELIN Guide", "date": "2024-04-23", "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240423215034id_/https://guide.michelin.com/es/es/comunidad-de-madrid/madrid/restaurante/el-club-allard" }, { "id": "guide2024", "title": "Todas las Estrellas de la Guía MICHELIN España 2024", "author": "MICHELIN Guide", "date": "2023-11-28", "url": "https://guide.michelin.com/es/es/articulo/michelin-guide-ceremony/todas-las-estrellas-de-la-guia-michelin-espana-2024" }, { "id": "archive2024", "title": "Internet Archive snapshot of the MICHELIN Guide Spain 2024 full star list", "author": "Internet Archive capture of MICHELIN Guide", "date": "2025-01-22", "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20250122182111id_/https://guide.michelin.com/es/es/articulo/michelin-guide-ceremony/todas-las-estrellas-de-la-guia-michelin-espana-2024" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-30T15:24:31+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-31T20:19:27+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 3, "body": "MICHELIN 官方个人页存档记录 El Club Allard 位于Ferraz 2, Madrid 28008，并将菜系标注为Actual。[^profile2024]\n\nMICHELIN 年度官方名单将该餐厅列入2024版Madrid星级名单；星级年份以对应年度名单为准。[^guide2024]\n\n## 概况\n\n餐厅于2003年开业，位于西班牙广场一角的20世纪初现代主义宅邸 Casa Gallardo（1914年建，1997年被列为文化遗产），曾在此前主厨 Diego Guerrero 与 María Marte 手下获米其林二星；疫情期间停业，2023年3月由名厨 Martín Berasategui 接手重开，主厨 José María Goñi 掌舵，重获米其林一星（据 Barrafina 与 priceless 介绍）。据媒体报道，2025年6月起由主厨 José Rodero 接棒掌理厨房。据米其林指南餐厅页，餐厅提供「10 Momentos」与「14 Momentos」两款品尝菜单。\n\n## 菜品与特色\n\n据米其林指南餐厅页，招牌菜品包括蟹肉点心（Dim Sum）、加入贝类的温沙拉（ensalada tibia），以及野鲈鱼配甜菜根、西兰花与白黄油汁；Goñi 的料理在尊重 Berasategui 风格之余融入东方（尤其日本）影响。\n\n## 荣誉\n\nMICHELIN 年度官方名单将其列入2024版Madrid星级名单[^guide2024]。据米其林指南餐厅页，餐厅现为米其林一星；据媒体报道，餐厅于2025年版指南重获一星。餐厅另获一颗 Repsol 太阳（据 priceless 介绍）。\n\n## 实用信息\n\n- 地址：Ferraz 2, 28008 Madrid, Spain\n- 营业时间：周一、周日公休；周二 19:30–21:30；周三至周六 13:00–14:30、19:30–21:30（据米其林指南餐厅页）\n- 价位：€€€€（据米其林指南餐厅页）\n- 电话：+34 915 59 09 39\n- 网站：https://www.elcluballard.com/\n- 设施：空调、接受信用卡（据米其林指南餐厅页）", "url": "/places/madrid-el-club-allard.html", "lang": "es", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "disambiguation": "Madrid, Spain", "placeKind": "restaurant", "adminArea": "Madrid, Spain" }, { "customFields": [ { "key": "cuisine", "value": "Mexican（墨西哥品鉴菜单）" }, { "key": "address", "value": "812 S. Alamo St., Ste. 103, San Antonio, TX 78205" }, { "key": "phone", "value": "+1 726-238-1046" }, { "key": "hours", "value": "周二至周六 17:30–22:00；周一、周日休息" }, { "key": "price", "value": "$$$$" }, { "key": "website", "value": "https://restaurantmixtli.com/" }, { "key": "chef", "value": "Diego Galicia、Rico Torres" }, { "key": "awards", "value": "米其林一星（2026）" } ], "id": "place_restaurant_us_texas_san_antonio_mixtli", "type": "place", "title": "Mixtli", "slug": "texas-san-antonio-mixtli", "summary": "Mixtli 位于得克萨斯州圣安东尼奥，由 Diego Galicia 与 Rico Torres 主理的墨西哥品鉴菜单餐厅，菜单定期更迭讲述墨西哥饮食文化，获《米其林指南》2026 年版一星。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-restaurants" ], "tags": [ "tag-michelin-guide" ], "sources": [ { "id": "profile2026", "title": "MICHELIN Guide: Mixtli", "author": "MICHELIN Guide", "url": "https://guide.michelin.com/us/en/texas/san-antonio_2958156/restaurant/mixtli" }, { "id": "guide2026", "title": "Every MICHELIN-Starred Restaurant in Texas for 2026", "author": "MICHELIN Guide", "date": "2026-10-08", "url": "https://guide.michelin.com/us/en/article/michelin-guide-ceremony/every-michelin-starred-restaurant-in-texas-for-2026" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-30T15:34:52+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-31T19:15:07+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 3, "body": "**Mixtli**（Mixtli）是位于美国得克萨斯州圣安东尼奥 812 S. Alamo St., Ste. 103 的墨西哥（Mexican）餐厅，获《米其林指南》2026 年版一星。[^profile2026][^guide2026]\n\n## 概况\n\n官方检查员简介摘录：\n\n\u003e A distinctive tasting-menu restaurant from Chefs Diego Galicia and Rico Torres, Mixtli explores the breadth of Mexican cuisine through a series of evolving menus that change regularly.\n\n由主厨 Diego Galicia 与 Rico Torres 创办的独特品鉴菜单餐厅，通过定期更迭的系列菜单探索墨西哥菜的广度。每一版菜单都取材于特定的地方、时期或文化意象，体现对墨西哥烹饪历史与传统的深入钻研。开放式厨房与亲密的用餐空间拉近了团队与宾客的距离，精心设计的饮品项目亦与之相得益彰。[^profile2026]\n\n## 菜品与特色\n\n- 定期更迭的品鉴菜单，以精心编排的菜品讲述故事\n- 每版菜单对应墨西哥特定地域、时代或文化主题\n- 饮品搭配项目经过精心策划\n\n## 荣誉\n\n- 《米其林指南》2026 年版：一星 [^profile2026][^guide2026]\n\n## 实用信息\n\n- 地址：812 S. Alamo St., Ste. 103, San Antonio, TX 78205\n- 价位：$$$$\n- 营业时间：周二至周六 17:30–22:00；周一、周日休息\n- 电话：+1 726-238-1046\n- 网站：https://restaurantmixtli.com/\n\n[^profile2026]: MICHELIN Guide, “Mixtli – San Antonio - a MICHELIN Guide Restaurant,” https://guide.michelin.com/us/en/texas/san-antonio_2958156/restaurant/mixtli.\n[^guide2026]: MICHELIN Guide, “Every MICHELIN-Starred Restaurant in Texas for 2026,” 2026-10-08, https://guide.michelin.com/us/en/article/michelin-guide-ceremony/every-michelin-starred-restaurant-in-texas-for-2026.", "url": "/places/texas-san-antonio-mixtli.html", "lang": "es", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "placeKind": "restaurant", "locationNote": "812 S. Alamo St., Ste. 103, San Antonio, Texas 78205", "adminArea": "United States · Texas · San Antonio" }, { "customFields": [ { "key": "cuisine", "value": "Contemporary（现代料理）" }, { "key": "address", "value": "1809 W. 1st Ave., Vancouver, BC V6J 5B8, Canada" }, { "key": "hours", "value": "周二至周日 5 PM-9 PM；周一休息" }, { "key": "price", "value": "$$$$" }, { "key": "chef", "value": "Michael Robbins" }, { "key": "awards", "value": "米其林一星（2024温哥华版）" } ], "id": "place_restaurant_vancouver_annalena", "type": "place", "title": "AnnaLena", "slug": "vancouver-annalena", "summary": "AnnaLena 位于加拿大温哥华，主厨 Michael Robbins 主理的现代料理餐厅，以季节启发的品鉴菜单著称；2024年《米其林指南温哥华版》列为一星。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-restaurants" ], "tags": [ "tag-michelin-guide" ], "sources": [ { "id": "profile2026", "title": "MICHELIN Guide: AnnaLena", "author": "MICHELIN Guide", "url": "https://guide.michelin.com/us/en/british-columbia/ca-vancouver/restaurant/annalena" }, { "id": "stars2024", "title": "The MICHELIN Guide Vancouver 2024: All the Stars", "author": "MICHELIN Guide", "date": "2024-10-03", "url": "https://guide.michelin.com/ca/en/article/michelin-guide-ceremony/michelin-guide-vancouver-canada-stars" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-30T16:01:36+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-31T18:50:00+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 3, "body": "**AnnaLena** 位于加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚省温哥华，官方地址为 1809 W. 1st Ave., Vancouver, British Columbia V6J 5B8。MICHELIN Guide 档案标注菜系为 Contemporary；2024年温哥华版官方星级名单将其列为一星餐厅。[^profile2026][^stars2024]\n\n## 概况\n\n这里没有白色桌布与正式氛围，却提供温哥华最精致、最美味的用餐体验之一：毫不费力的服务、专业调制的鸡尾酒与精准的配酒，而真正的主角是随季节变化的品鉴菜单。官方检查员评价道：\n\n\u003e You won't find white tablecloths or a formal atmosphere at AnnaLena, but you will find one of Vancouver's most polished—and delicious—dining experiences.\n\n## 菜品与特色\n\n- 主厨 Michael Robbins 的菜品融合全球元素，以精准技法结合顶级食材，风味清晰而有深度\n- 代表菜品：当季 Sungold 番茄配自制 XO 酱与泰式青咖喱焦糖白脱牛奶；鲜制意面配炭烤芦笋，佐餐时在桌边浇上白葡萄酒汁（sauce vin blanc）\n\n## 荣誉\n\n- 2024年《米其林指南温哥华版》一星餐厅 [^stars2024]\n\n## 实用信息\n\n- **地址**：1809 W. 1st Ave., Vancouver, BC V6J 5B8, Canada\n- **营业时间**：周二至周日 5 PM-9 PM；周一休息\n- **价位**：$$$$（最高档）\n- **适合场合**：约会晚餐", "url": "/places/vancouver-annalena.html", "lang": "es", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "placeKind": "restaurant", "locationNote": "1809 W. 1st Ave., Vancouver, British Columbia V6J 5B8", "adminArea": "Canada · British Columbia · Vancouver" }, { "customFields": [ { "key": "cuisine", "value": "Colombiana（哥伦比亚料理）" }, { "key": "address", "value": "Zurbano 63, Madrid, 28010" }, { "key": "hours", "value": "周日、周一休息；周二、周三 13:00-17:00、20:00-23:00；周四至周六 13:00-17:00、20:00-23:30" }, { "key": "price", "value": "€€€€" }, { "key": "chef", "value": "Edwin Rodríguez" }, { "key": "awards", "value": "米其林一星" } ], "id": "place_restaurant_spain_madrid_quimbaya", "type": "place", "title": "Quimbaya", "slug": "madrid-quimbaya", "summary": "Quimbaya 位于马德里 Zurbano 63，主厨 Edwin Rodríguez 以三套品尝菜单呈现哥伦比亚料理；据2022年度名单为马德里米其林一星餐厅。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-food" ], "tags": [], "sources": [ { "id": "profile", "title": "Quimbaya — Madrid", "author": "MICHELIN Guide", "url": "https://guide.michelin.com/es/es/comunidad-de-madrid/madrid/restaurante/quimbaya" }, { "id": "guide2022", "title": "Guía MICHELIN España \u0026 Portugal 2022: lista completa de las Estrellas", "author": "MICHELIN Guide", "date": "2021-12-14", "url": "https://guide.michelin.com/es/es/articulo/news-and-views/guia-michelin-espana-portugal-2022-lista-completa-de-las-estrellas" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-30T08:45:05+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-31T18:49:58+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 3, "body": "**Quimbaya**（Quimbaya）是位于马德里 Zurbano 63 的哥伦比亚料理（Colombiana）餐厅[^profile]。\n\n## 概况\n官方页面将 Quimbaya 描绘为一场以味觉旅行认识哥伦比亚料理的体验：主厨 Edwin Rodríguez 把其祖国——「魔幻现实主义」摇篮——哥伦比亚的风味搬上餐桌。店名取自以黄金工艺著称的原住民族群；空间设小吧台，陈列一系列哥伦比亚蒸馏酒，其后的餐室极简克制，开放式厨房让客人得以与厨师互动[^profile]。\n\n## 菜品与特色\n提供三套品尝菜单：Clásicos Q（汇集店内最具代表性的菜式，可按个人喜好选择）、Experiencia QUIMBAYA（一场通往哥伦比亚活态记忆的旅程）以及 Gran Menú QUIMBAYA（其对哥伦比亚风味的极致表达，加入美味的 Tentempiés 小食与若干标志性菜式）[^profile]。\n\n## 荣誉\n本条餐厅档案使用 MICHELIN 当前餐厅页作地址、菜系及介绍来源；星级与城市归属以《米其林指南西班牙与葡萄牙2022》年度名单为准[^guide2022]。据该完整星级名单，Quimbaya 为马德里米其林一星餐厅（当届新晋）[^guide2022]。\n\n## 实用信息\n- 地址：Zurbano 63, Madrid, 28010\n- 营业时间：周日、周一休息；周二、周三 13:00-17:00、20:00-23:00；周四至周六 13:00-17:00、20:00-23:30\n- 价位：€€€€", "url": "/places/madrid-quimbaya.html", "lang": "es", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "disambiguation": "Madrid, Spain", "placeKind": "restaurant", "adminArea": "Madrid, Community of Madrid, Spain" } ], "lang": "es", "pagination": { "page": 415, "pageSize": 50, "total": 81126, "pageCount": 1000, "prevUrl": "/es/hot-414.json", "nextUrl": "/es/hot-416.json" } }