{
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  "title": "四大名著",
  "description": "四大名著是中国古典长篇白话小说中《三国演义》《水浒传》《西游记》《红楼梦》四部的合称，也是现代最通行的中国古代小说选目。它由明代“四大奇书”之说演变而来，清乾隆年间《红楼梦》问世后取代《金瓶梅》与前三部并列，今名随现代出版传播而通行。",
  "url": "/fr/concepts/four-great-classics.html",
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    "id": "concept_four_great_classics",
    "type": "concept",
    "title": "四大名著",
    "slug": "four-great-classics",
    "aliases": [
      "中国古典四大名著",
      "Four Great Classical Novels"
    ],
    "summary": "四大名著是中国古典长篇白话小说中《三国演义》《水浒传》《西游记》《红楼梦》四部的合称，也是现代最通行的中国古代小说选目。它由明代“四大奇书”之说演变而来，清乾隆年间《红楼梦》问世后取代《金瓶梅》与前三部并列，今名随现代出版传播而通行。",
    "status": "published",
    "categories": [
      "category-literature"
    ],
    "tags": [
      "tag-classics",
      "tag-ancient-china"
    ],
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        "id": "zhwiki",
        "title": "四大名著（中文维基百科）",
        "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E5%A4%A7%E5%90%8D%E8%91%97"
      },
      {
        "id": "wzb",
        "title": "四大名著之称从何而来",
        "author": "光明日报·中华读书报",
        "date": "2020-07-09",
        "url": "https://epaper.gmw.cn/wzb/html/2020-07/09/nw.D110000wzb_20200709_5-06.htm"
      },
      {
        "id": "ce",
        "title": "新版《红楼梦》不见“高鹗”，续写者变成无名氏",
        "author": "中国经济网",
        "date": "2018-02-24",
        "url": "https://www.ce.cn/culture/gd/201802/24/t20180224_28233189.shtml"
      }
    ],
    "createdAt": "2026-10-31T23:20:00+08:00",
    "updatedAt": "2026-10-31T23:18:28+08:00",
    "updatedBy": "user:admin",
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    "body": "## 概述\n\n四大名著是中国古典长篇白话小说中[[work_cn_q70806|《三国演义》]]、[[work_cn_q70827|《水浒传》]]、[[work_cn_q70784|《西游记》]]、[[work_cn_q8265|《红楼梦》]]四部的合称，通常被视为中国古代小说中成就与影响最大的一组作品，也是现代出版、语文教育与影视改编中最常引用的选目。[^zhwiki]\n\n## 名称由来\n\n这一选目源自明代的“四大奇书”之说。李渔在《三国志演义》序中记：“冯梦龙亦有四大奇书之目，曰《三国》也，《水浒》也，《西游》与《金瓶梅》也。”四部分别被视为历史演义、英雄传奇、神魔小说与世情小说的代表，这一提法在清初已经流行。[^wzb]\n\n清乾隆年间问世的《红楼梦》后来取代[[work_cn_q753535|《金瓶梅》]]，与前三部并列。就现有文献检索，清代文献中尚未发现“四大名著”一词，1919年2月《申报》所载求古斋书帖社广告中已出现“四大名著”字样，但所指为另一组书；中央民族大学教授傅承洲指出，今名的通行与人民文学出版社系统整理出版这四部小说的工作关系密切。[^wzb][^ce]\n\n## 四部作品\n\n- [[work_cn_q70806|《三国演义》]]：元末明初罗贯中编次的章回体历史演义小说，现存最早刊本为明嘉靖元年（1522年）本，今通行毛纶、毛宗岗评改的一百二十回本。\n- [[work_cn_q70827|《水浒传》]]：元末明初成书，一般署施耐庵作，写宋江等人在梁山聚义至受招安的始末，有百回本、一百二十回本与七十回本等繁本系统。\n- [[work_cn_q70784|《西游记》]]：明代一百回神魔小说，写孙悟空与唐僧师徒西行取经，现存最早刊本为明万历二十年（1592年）金陵世德堂本。\n- [[work_cn_q8265|《红楼梦》]]：清代曹雪芹作前八十回，原名《石头记》，清乾隆五十六年（1791年）首次排印一百二十回本。\n\n## 影响\n\n四部作品构成现代读者认识中国古代小说的基本框架，长期列入中小学课外阅读，并被反复改编为戏曲、影视、动画、漫画与游戏作品；围绕《红楼梦》的“红学”、围绕《三国演义》与《水浒传》的版本研究，也都是古代小说研究的重点领域。[^zhwiki]\n\n## 参见\n\n- [[work_cn_q753535|《金瓶梅》]]",
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  "tags": [
    {
      "id": "tag-classics",
      "slug": "classics",
      "name": "Classiques",
      "description": "Œuvres classiques et romans de la Chine prémoderne.",
      "names": {
        "ar": "كلاسيكيات",
        "de": "Klassiker",
        "en": "Classics",
        "es": "Clásicos",
        "fr": "Classiques",
        "hi": "शास्त्रीय कृतियाँ",
        "id": "Karya klasik",
        "it": "Classici",
        "ja": "古典名著",
        "ko": "고전 명저",
        "ms": "Karya klasik",
        "nl": "Klassiekers",
        "pt": "Clássicos",
        "ru": "Классика",
        "th": "วรรณกรรมคลาสสิก",
        "tr": "Klasik eserler",
        "vi": "Tác phẩm cổ điển",
        "zh": "古典名著",
        "zh-hant": "古典名著"
      },
      "descriptions": {
        "ar": "الأعمال الكلاسيكية والروايات في الصين ما قبل الحديثة.",
        "de": "Klassische Werke und Romane des vormodernen China.",
        "en": "Classic works and novels of pre-modern China.",
        "es": "Obras clásicas y novelas de la China premoderna.",
        "fr": "Œuvres classiques et romans de la Chine prémoderne.",
        "hi": "पूर्व-आधुनिक चीन की शास्त्रीय कृतियाँ और उपन्यास।",
        "id": "Karya klasik dan novel Tiongkok pra-modern.",
        "it": "Opere classiche e romanzi della Cina premoderna.",
        "ja": "中国古代の古典的な著作と小説。",
        "ko": "중국 고대의 고전 저술과 소설.",
        "ms": "Karya klasik dan novel China pramoden.",
        "nl": "Klassieke werken en romans uit het premoderne China.",
        "pt": "Obras clássicas e romances da China pré-moderna.",
        "ru": "Классические произведения и романы традиционного Китая.",
        "th": "วรรณกรรมและนวนิยายคลาสสิกของจีนก่อนยุคใหม่",
        "tr": "Modern öncesi Çin'in klasik eserleri ve romanları.",
        "vi": "Các tác phẩm và tiểu thuyết cổ điển của Trung Quốc tiền hiện đại.",
        "zh": "中国古代经典著作与小说。",
        "zh-hant": "中國古代經典著作與小說。"
      },
      "count": 1078
    },
    {
      "id": "tag-ancient-china",
      "slug": "ancient-china",
      "name": "Chine ancienne",
      "description": "Histoire, personnages et divisions administratives de l'époque pré-Qin à la dynastie Qing.",
      "names": {
        "ar": "الصين القديمة",
        "de": "Das alte China",
        "en": "Ancient China",
        "es": "China antigua",
        "fr": "Chine ancienne",
        "hi": "प्राचीन चीन",
        "id": "Tiongkok kuno",
        "it": "Cina antica",
        "ja": "中国古代",
        "ko": "중국 고대",
        "ms": "China purba",
        "nl": "Het oude China",
        "pt": "China antiga",
        "ru": "Древний Китай",
        "th": "จีนโบราณ",
        "tr": "Antik Çin",
        "vi": "Trung Quốc cổ đại",
        "zh": "中国古代",
        "zh-hant": "中國古代"
      },
      "descriptions": {
        "ar": "التاريخ والشخصيات والتقسيمات الإدارية من عصر ما قبل تشين إلى أسرة تشينغ.",
        "de": "Geschichte, Personen und Verwaltungsgliederung von der Zeit vor Qin bis zur Qing-Dynastie.",
        "en": "History, people and administrative divisions from the pre-Qin era to the Qing dynasty.",
        "es": "Historia, personajes y divisiones administrativas desde la era pre-Qin hasta la dinastía Qing.",
        "fr": "Histoire, personnages et divisions administratives de l'époque pré-Qin à la dynastie Qing.",
        "hi": "चिन-पूर्व काल से चिंग राजवंश तक का इतिहास, व्यक्ति और प्रशासनिक विभाजन।",
        "id": "Sejarah, tokoh, dan pembagian administratif dari era pra-Qin hingga Dinasti Qing.",
        "it": "Storia, personaggi e divisioni amministrative dall'epoca pre-Qin alla dinastia Qing.",
        "ja": "先秦から清代までの歴史・人物・行政区画。",
        "ko": "先秦부터 청대까지의 역사·인물·행정 구역.",
        "ms": "Sejarah, tokoh dan bahagian pentadbiran dari zaman pra-Qin hingga Dinasti Qing.",
        "nl": "Geschiedenis, personen en bestuurlijke indeling van de pre-Qin-periode tot de Qing-dynastie.",
        "pt": "História, personagens e divisões administrativas da era pré-Qin até à dinastia Qing.",
        "ru": "История, персоналии и административное деление от доциньской эпохи до династии Цин.",
        "th": "ประวัติศาสตร์ บุคคล และเขตการปกครองตั้งแต่ยุคก่อนฉินจนถึงราชวงศ์ชิง",
        "tr": "Qin öncesi dönemden Qing hanedanına kadar tarih, kişiler ve idari bölümler.",
        "vi": "Lịch sử, nhân vật và đơn vị hành chính từ thời Tiền Tần đến nhà Thanh.",
        "zh": "先秦至清代的历史、人物与政区。",
        "zh-hant": "先秦至清代的歷史、人物與政區。"
      },
      "count": 1086
    }
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