{
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  "title": "刘鹗",
  "description": "刘鹗（1857年—1909年8月23日），清朝人物。",
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    "title": "刘鹗",
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    "summary": "刘鹗（1857年—1909年8月23日），清朝人物。",
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        "id": "zhwiki",
        "title": "刘鹗（维基百科）",
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    "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00",
    "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:16:00+08:00",
    "updatedBy": "user:admin",
    "revision": 6,
    "body": "## 生平\n\n刘鹗（1857年—1909年），字铁云，祖籍江苏丹徒，幼年随父移居淮安。青年时不走科举正途，广泛研习水利、算学、医学、金石、天文、音律、训诂等学问，1880年师从太谷学派李广昕。他曾开烟草店、行医、与人合开石昌书局，都以失败告终。1887年，刘鹗投东河总督吴大澂，任河图局提调官，历时三年编成《豫直鲁三省黄河图》五册；此后赴山西开采煤矿，陆续兴办实业。1900年八国联军攻入北京，他从俄军处贱价购入太仓粮转卖赈济饥民，反被劾“私售仓粟”；1908年又因在浦口购地被构陷，与袁世凯的旧怨也牵连其中，被发配新疆迪化，次年因脑溢血病逝，归葬淮安。[^zhwiki]\n\n## 历史成就\n\n刘鹗的长篇小说《老残游记》是晚清四大谴责小说之一，深刻描摹晚清时弊，描写技法受到胡适盛赞。他向王懿荣后人购藏大量殷商甲骨，编成《铁云藏龟》，是第一部甲骨文著录书，为后来的甲骨文研究奠定基础。他在水利、数学方面也多有著述，如《治河七说》《治河续说》《历代黄河变迁图考》《勾股天元草》等。[^zhwiki]\n\n## 基本信息\n\n- 所属朝代或国家：清朝[^wikidata]\n- 出生地：[[place_cn_321112|丹徒区]][^wikidata]\n\n## 著作\n\n- [[work_cn_q2424209|《老残游记》]]",
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      "name": "中国古代",
      "description": "先秦至清代的历史、人物与政区。",
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