{
  "contentStorage": "postgres",
  "title": "Bavière (Freistaat Bayern)",
  "description": "La Bavière est, avec environ 70.500 km², le plus grand Land allemand et, avec environ 13,1 millions d'habitants (recensement de 2022), le deuxième plus peuplé ; la capitale est Munich.",
  "url": "/fr/places/de-bayern/at/19.html",
  "entity": {
    "id": "place_de_bayern",
    "type": "place",
    "title": "Bavière (Freistaat Bayern)",
    "slug": "de-bayern",
    "summary": "La Bavière est, avec environ 70.500 km², le plus grand Land allemand et, avec environ 13,1 millions d'habitants (recensement de 2022), le deuxième plus peuplé ; la capitale est Munich.",
    "status": "published",
    "categories": [
      "category-geography",
      "category-history"
    ],
    "tags": [
      "tag-admin-division"
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "id": "wikipedia",
        "title": "Bayern — Wikipedia",
        "url": "https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayern",
        "locator": "abgerufen 2026-10-28"
      }
    ],
    "createdAt": "2026-10-31T12:26:46+08:00",
    "updatedAt": "2026-10-31T12:26:46+08:00",
    "updatedBy": "user:admin",
    "revision": 19,
    "body": "## Présentation\n\nL'État libre de Bavière (Freistaat Bayern) se situe dans le sud-est de l'Allemagne et est limitrophe de l'Autriche et de la Tchéquie. La capitale du Land est Munich. La Bavière est le plus grand Land allemand en superficie (environ 70.500 km²) et compte environ 13,1 millions d'habitants (recensement de 2022). Le code ISO 3166-2 est DE-BY. La Bavière fut en 1949 un Land fondateur de la République fédérale d'Allemagne.\n\n## Découpage administratif\n\nLe Land se divise en 7 districts gouvernementaux (Regierungsbezirk) : Haute-Bavière, Basse-Bavière, Haut-Palatinat, Haute-Franconie, Moyenne-Franconie, Basse-Franconie et Souabe. En dessous existent 71 arrondissements ruraux (Landkreis) et 25 villes-arrondissements — le plus grand nombre de tous les Länder.\n\n## Villes principales\n\n- Munich（environ 1,5 million d'habitants）\n- Nuremberg（environ 520.000 habitants）\n- Augsbourg（environ 300.000 habitants）\n- Ratisbonne（environ 235.000 habitants）\n- Ingolstadt（environ 140.000 habitants）\n\n## Transports\n\nMunich est le principal nœud de transport du sud de l'Allemagne, avec l'aéroport de Munich et des liaisons ICE vers toutes les régions du pays. Le métro de Munich avec les lignes [[concept_ubahn_muenchen_u1|U1]] à [[concept_ubahn_muenchen_u8|U8]] est exploité par la [[organization_mvg|MVG]] ; Nuremberg possède également son propre métro.\n\n## Économie\n\nLa Bavière possède la plus grande économie régionale d'Allemagne, avec des secteurs forts dans l'industrie automobile et aérospatiale (BMW, Audi), l'électrotechnique (Siemens), les semi-conducteurs (Infineon) ainsi qu'un tourisme performant dans les Alpes.",
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    "sourceLang": "zh",
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      "fr",
      "hi",
      "id",
      "it",
      "ja",
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      "ms",
      "nl",
      "pt",
      "ru",
      "th",
      "tr",
      "vi",
      "zh-hant"
    ],
    "placeKind": "Bundesland",
    "coordinates": {
      "latitude": 48.79,
      "longitude": 11.5
    },
    "adminArea": "Deutschland",
    "established": {
      "year": 1949,
      "precision": "year",
      "display": "1949 (Gründung der Bundesrepublik Deutschland)"
    }
  },
  "entities": null,
  "tags": [
    {
      "id": "tag-admin-division",
      "slug": "admin-division",
      "name": "Division administrative",
      "description": "Provinces, préfectures et comtés, et leur évolution historique.",
      "names": {
        "ar": "تقسيم إداري",
        "de": "Verwaltungsgliederung",
        "en": "Administrative division",
        "es": "División administrativa",
        "fr": "Division administrative",
        "hi": "प्रशासनिक विभाजन",
        "id": "Pembagian administratif",
        "it": "Divisione amministrativa",
        "ja": "行政区画",
        "ko": "행정 구역",
        "ms": "Bahagian pentadbiran",
        "nl": "Bestuurlijke indeling",
        "pt": "Divisão administrativa",
        "ru": "Административное деление",
        "th": "เขตการปกครอง",
        "tr": "İdari bölüm",
        "vi": "Đơn vị hành chính",
        "zh": "行政区划",
        "zh-hant": "行政區劃"
      },
      "descriptions": {
        "ar": "المقاطعات والولايات والمناطق على مختلف المستويات وتطورها التاريخي.",
        "de": "Provinzen, Präfekturen und Kreise sowie ihre historische Entwicklung.",
        "en": "Provinces, prefectures and counties, with their historical evolution.",
        "es": "Provincias, prefecturas y condados, y su evolución histórica.",
        "fr": "Provinces, préfectures et comtés, et leur évolution historique.",
        "hi": "प्रांत, प्रीफ़ेक्चर और ज़िले तथा उनका ऐतिहासिक विकास।",
        "id": "Provinsi, prefektur, dan kabupaten beserta perkembangan historisnya.",
        "it": "Divisioni a livello provinciale, prefettizio e distrettuale e la loro evoluzione storica.",
        "ja": "省・地・県各級の行政区画とその歴史的沿革。",
        "ko": "성·지·현 각급 행정 구역과 그 역사적 연혁.",
        "ms": "Wilayah peringkat provinsi, prefektur dan daerah serta perkembangan sejarahnya.",
        "nl": "Provincies, prefecturen en districten en hun historische ontwikkeling.",
        "pt": "Divisões provinciais, prefeituras e condados e a sua evolução histórica.",
        "ru": "Провинции, округа и уезды, а также их историческое развитие.",
        "th": "เขตการปกครองระดับมณฑล จังหวัด และอำเภอ ตลอดจนพัฒนาการทางประวัติศาสตร์",
        "tr": "İl, vilayet ve ilçe düzeyindeki idari birimler ve tarihsel gelişimi.",
        "vi": "Các cấp tỉnh, địa khu, huyện và quá trình phát triển lịch sử.",
        "zh": "省、地、县各级行政区及其历史沿革。",
        "zh-hant": "省、地、縣各級行政區及其歷史沿革。"
      },
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      ],
      "label": "Contains places",
      "targetId": "place_de_kruen",
      "targetTitle": "克吕恩",
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      "incoming": true
    },
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      "targetTitle": "森林前诺伊堡",
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      "label": "Contains places",
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      "targetTitle": "纽伦堡",
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      "label": "Contains places",
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      "label": "Contains places",
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      "targetTitle": "泰斯纳赫",
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      "label": "Contains places",
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      "targetTitle": "Wirsberg",
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