{ "contentStorage": "postgres", "title": "敦煌市", "description": "敦煌市位于中国甘肃省西北部，是酒泉市代管的一个县级市，为国家历史文化名城，历来为丝绸之路上的重镇。", "url": "/fr/places/gansu-dunhuang.html", "entity": { "id": "place_cn_620982", "type": "place", "title": "敦煌市", "slug": "gansu-dunhuang", "aliases": [ "Dunhuang" ], "previousSlugs": [ "dunhuang" ], "summary": "敦煌市位于中国甘肃省西北部，是酒泉市代管的一个县级市，为国家历史文化名城，历来为丝绸之路上的重镇。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-geography", "category-china-admin-divisions" ], "tags": [ "tag-admin-division" ], "sources": [ { "id": "mca2023", "title": "2023年中华人民共和国县以上行政区划代码（民政部）", "url": "https://www.mca.gov.cn/mzsj/xzqh/2023/202301xzqh.html", "locator": "代码 620982 敦煌市" }, { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q319114", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q319114" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "敦煌市", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%95%A6%E7%85%8C%E5%B8%82" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-10T22:58:37+08:00", "updatedBy": "api_token", "revision": 10, "body": "## 概况\n\n以敦煌石窟及敦煌壁画而闻名天下，是世界文化遗产莫高窟和汉长城边陲玉门关及阳关的所在地[^zhwiki]。\n\n## 历史\n\n春秋时，此地因“地产好瓜”得名瓜州。战国时，月氏逐渐强大，吞并羌人，赶走乌孙，这里属大月氏国。 秦汉之际，雄踞漠北的匈奴崛起，打败月氏，占据敦煌。西汉武帝时，经过反击匈奴的战争，迫使匈奴“远循”，河西地区归入汉朝版图；元鼎六年（前111年）设置敦煌郡，意“敦，大也，煌，盛也”，为河西四郡之一。张骞通西域的“凿空”之行，开通了影响深远的丝绸之路。新莽时一度改称敦德。东汉建立，复名敦煌郡。窦融率河西归服。由于北匈奴控制了西域，敦煌郡既担负着防御匈奴进攻的重任。这一时期，敦煌经济发展、地位提高，中央主管西域事务的护西域副尉长驻敦煌，这里成为统辖西域的军政中心。 曹丕篡位后派兵消灭了河西的割据势力，委派尹奉为敦煌太守。西晋时敦煌出现了索靖、索袭、宋纤、氾腾等一批名儒。前凉以这里地处大漠之中，而置沙州，后来成为西凉国都。 东晋前凉时将敦煌、晋昌、高昌三郡和西域都护、戊巳校尉、玉门大护军三营合设沙州；前秦二年（366年）始开凿莫高窟；隆安四年（400年）李暠建西凉国，初都敦煌。 北魏初（439年）置敦煌镇，526年置瓜州，敦煌为治所。汉魏之际多战乱，但敦煌经济日渐繁荣，中原文化传播，佛教东渐，成为五凉文化中心。北周初置沙州，564年为鸣沙县，属敦煌郡，因鸣沙山得名。 隋朝初废郡置瓜州，初期敦煌被游牧民族突厥及吐谷浑占据。隋炀帝即位后，出兵击破吐谷浑，西突厥也被迫投降，重新控制敦煌，丝绸之路再度打通。大业三年（607年）复置敦煌郡，罢鸣沙县复名敦煌县。 唐朝武德二年（619年）置沙州，敦煌进入兴盛时期[^zhwiki]。\n\n## 地理\n\n- 坐标：40.141111, 94.663889[^wikidata]", "url": "/places/gansu-dunhuang.html", "lang": "fr", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "placeKind": "县级市", "coordinates": { "latitude": 40.141111, "longitude": 94.663889 }, "adminArea": "中华人民共和国·甘肃省·酒泉市·敦煌市" }, "entities": null, "tags": [ { "id": "tag-admin-division", "slug": "admin-division", "name": "Division administrative", "description": "Provinces, préfectures et comtés, et leur évolution historique.", "names": { "ar": "تقسيم إداري", "de": "Verwaltungsgliederung", "en": "Administrative division", "es": "División administrativa", "fr": "Division administrative", "hi": "प्रशासनिक विभाजन", "id": "Pembagian administratif", "it": "Divisione amministrativa", "ja": "行政区画", "ko": "행정 구역", "ms": "Bahagian pentadbiran", "nl": "Bestuurlijke indeling", "pt": "Divisão administrativa", "ru": "Административное деление", "th": "เขตการปกครอง", "tr": "İdari bölüm", "vi": "Đơn vị hành chính", "zh": "行政区划", "zh-hant": "行政區劃" }, "descriptions": { "ar": "المقاطعات والولايات والمناطق على مختلف المستويات وتطورها التاريخي.", "de": "Provinzen, Präfekturen und Kreise sowie ihre historische Entwicklung.", "en": "Provinces, prefectures and counties, with their historical evolution.", "es": "Provincias, prefecturas y condados, y su evolución histórica.", "fr": "Provinces, préfectures et comtés, et leur évolution historique.", "hi": "प्रांत, प्रीफ़ेक्चर और ज़िले तथा उनका ऐतिहासिक विकास।", "id": "Provinsi, prefektur, dan kabupaten beserta perkembangan historisnya.", "it": "Divisioni a livello provinciale, prefettizio e distrettuale e la loro evoluzione storica.", "ja": "省・地・県各級の行政区画とその歴史的沿革。", "ko": "성·지·현 각급 행정 구역과 그 역사적 연혁.", "ms": "Wilayah peringkat provinsi, prefektur dan daerah serta perkembangan sejarahnya.", "nl": "Provincies, prefecturen en districten en hun historische ontwikkeling.", "pt": "Divisões provinciais, prefeituras e condados e a sua evolução histórica.", "ru": "Провинции, округа и уезды, а также их историческое развитие.", "th": "เขตการปกครองระดับมณฑล จังหวัด และอำเภอ ตลอดจนพัฒนาการทางประวัติศาสตร์", "tr": "İl, vilayet ve ilçe düzeyindeki idari birimler ve tarihsel gelişimi.", "vi": "Các cấp tỉnh, địa khu, huyện và quá trình phát triển lịch sử.", "zh": "省、地、县各级行政区及其历史沿革。", "zh-hant": "省、地、縣各級行政區及其歷史沿革。" }, "count": 39828 } ], "relations": [ { "id": "relation_cnadmin_620982_in_620900", "fromId": "place_cn_620982", "relationType": "located_in", "toId": "place_cn_620900", "note": "依据民政部2023年县以上行政区划代码的隶属层级。", "sourceRefs": [ { "entityId": "place_cn_620982", "sourceId": "mca2023" } ], "label": "Located in", "targetId": "place_cn_620900", "targetTitle": "酒泉市", "targetUrl": "/fr/places/gansu-jiuquan.html", "incoming": false } ], "mentions": [ { "fromId": "place_cn_620900", "fromTitle": "酒泉市", "fromUrl": "/fr/places/gansu-jiuquan.html", "fromType": "place" } ], "history": [ { "from": "1987-09-28", "title": "敦煌市", "note": "Wikidata 官方名称记录。", "sources": [ "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q319114" ] }, { "from": "1760-01-01", "to": "1987-09-27", "title": "敦煌县", "note": "Wikidata 官方名称记录。", "sources": [ "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q319114" ] } ], "versions": [ { "revision": 10, "updatedAt": "2026-11-10T22:58:37+08:00", "message": "当前版本", "hasSnapshot": true, "url": "/fr/places/gansu-dunhuang/at/10.html" } ], "lang": "fr", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "fallback": true, "infoFields": [ { "key": "place_kind", "label": "Place kind", "value": "县级市" }, { "key": "admin_area", "label": "Admin area", "value": "中华人民共和国·甘肃省·酒泉市·敦煌市" }, { "key": "coordinates", "label": "Coordinates", "value": "40.14111, 94.66389" } ], "relationsTotal": 1, "relationCounts": [ { "relationType": "located_in", "incoming": false, "label": "Located in", "total": 1 } ], "mentionsTotal": 1 }