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    <body>## 生平&#xA;&#xA;宋应星（1587年—约1666年），字长庚，江西奉新县人。万历四十三年（1615年），他与兄长宋应昇同科中举，名列江西乡试第三，时人称“奉新二宋”；此后五次赴京会试，皆不第，五次万里行程使他广泛接触底层社会的生产与生活。崇祯七年（1634年）任江西分宜县教谕，其间编著《天工开物》，崇祯十年（1637年）刊行。崇祯十一年升任福建汀州府推官，1640年辞官归乡；崇祯十六年出任安徽亳州知州，重建战乱后的州治，次年甲申之变后弃官回乡。明亡后隐居不仕，约于1666年去世。[^zhwiki]&#xA;&#xA;## 历史成就&#xA;&#xA;宋应星最重要的成就是《天工开物》。全书分上、中、下三编，刊刻十八卷，系统记录了农业、手工业的各类生产技术，从五谷、纺织、染色、制盐、制糖、陶瓷、冶铸到兵器、珠玉，几乎无所不包，被欧洲学者称为“技术的百科全书”，英国学者李约瑟称宋应星为“中国的狄德罗”。他按“贵五谷而贱金玉”的原则编排全书，把关乎民生日用的技术置于首位。传世著作还有政论《野议》与《论气》《谈天》《思怜诗》等，其余著述多已散佚。[^zhwiki]&#xA;&#xA;## 基本信息&#xA;&#xA;- 所属朝代或国家：明朝[^wikidata]&#xA;- 出生地：[[place_cn_360921|奉新县]][^wikidata]&#xA;&#xA;## 著作&#xA;&#xA;- [[work_cn_q3275026|《天工开物》]]</body>
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