{ "contentStorage": "postgres", "title": "Populer", "description": "Ranked by recent page views (last 7 days) when traffic stats exist; otherwise entries tagged hot or featured, or those with the most relations.", "url": "/id/hot-415.html", "entities": [ { "id": "place_us_fl_ponte_vedra_beach", "type": "place", "title": "蓬特韦德拉海岸", "slug": "fl-ponte-vedra-beach", "aliases": [ "Ponte Vedra Beach" ], "summary": "蓬特韦德拉海岸（Ponte Vedra Beach）是美国佛罗里达州下辖的城市，人口约 35,400。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-geography" ], "tags": [ "tag-admin-division" ], "sources": [ { "id": "geonames", "title": "GeoNames US dataset (US.txt / admin2Codes.txt)", "url": "https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/US.zip" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-29T10:47:18+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T11:44:36+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 2, "body": "## 概况\n\n蓬特韦德拉海岸（Ponte Vedra Beach）是美国[[place_us_fl|佛罗里达州]]，位于[[place_us_fl_saint_johns_county|Saint Johns县]]境内下辖的城市，人口约 35,400[^geonames]。\n\n## 地理\n\n- 坐标：30.2397, -81.3856", "url": "/places/fl-ponte-vedra-beach.html", "lang": "id", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "placeKind": "city", "coordinates": { "latitude": 30.23969, "longitude": -81.38564 }, "adminArea": "美国 · 佛罗里达州 · 蓬特韦德拉海岸" }, { "id": "place_us_fl_pompano_beach_highlands", "type": "place", "title": "Pompano Beach Highlands", "slug": "fl-pompano-beach-highlands", "summary": "Pompano Beach Highlands（Pompano Beach Highlands）是美国佛罗里达州下辖的城镇，人口约 7,192。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-geography" ], "tags": [ "tag-admin-division" ], "sources": [ { "id": "geonames", "title": "GeoNames US dataset (US.txt / admin2Codes.txt)", "url": "https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/US.zip" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-29T10:47:17+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T11:44:35+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 2, "body": "## 概况\n\nPompano Beach Highlands（Pompano Beach Highlands）是美国[[place_us_fl|佛罗里达州]]，位于[[place_us_fl_broward_county|布劳沃德县]]境内下辖的城镇，人口约 7,192[^geonames]。\n\n## 地理\n\n- 坐标：26.2829, -80.1070", "url": "/places/fl-pompano-beach-highlands.html", "lang": "id", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "placeKind": "town", "coordinates": { "latitude": 26.28286, "longitude": -80.10699 }, "adminArea": "美国 · 佛罗里达州 · Pompano Beach Highlands" }, { "id": "place_us_fl_lehigh_acres", "type": "place", "title": "Lehigh Acres", "slug": "fl-lehigh-acres", "summary": "Lehigh Acres（Lehigh Acres）是美国佛罗里达州下辖的城市，人口约 86,784。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-geography" ], "tags": [ "tag-admin-division" ], "sources": [ { "id": "geonames", "title": "GeoNames US dataset (US.txt / admin2Codes.txt)", "url": "https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/US.zip" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-29T10:46:55+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T11:44:13+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 2, "body": "## 概况\n\nLehigh Acres（Lehigh Acres）是美国[[place_us_fl|佛罗里达州]]，位于[[place_us_fl_lee_county|李县]]境内下辖的城市，人口约 86,784[^geonames]。\n\n## 地理\n\n- 坐标：26.6254, -81.6248", "url": "/places/fl-lehigh-acres.html", "lang": "id", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "placeKind": "city", "coordinates": { "latitude": 26.62535, "longitude": -81.6248 }, "adminArea": "美国 · 佛罗里达州 · Lehigh Acres" }, { "id": "place_us_fl_edgewood", "type": "place", "title": "埃奇伍德", "slug": "fl-edgewood", "aliases": [ "Edgewood" ], "summary": "埃奇伍德（Edgewood）是美国佛罗里达州下辖的城镇，人口约 2,795。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-geography" ], "tags": [ "tag-admin-division" ], "sources": [ { "id": "geonames", "title": "GeoNames US dataset (US.txt / admin2Codes.txt)", "url": "https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/US.zip" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-29T10:46:29+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T11:43:48+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 2, "body": "## 概况\n\n埃奇伍德（Edgewood）是美国[[place_us_fl|佛罗里达州]]，位于[[place_us_fl_orange_county|奥兰治县]]境内下辖的城镇，人口约 2,795[^geonames]。\n\n## 地理\n\n- 坐标：28.4861, -81.3723", "url": "/places/fl-edgewood.html", "lang": "id", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "placeKind": "town", "coordinates": { "latitude": 28.48612, "longitude": -81.37229 }, "adminArea": "美国 · 佛罗里达州 · 埃奇伍德" }, { "id": "place_us_fl_daytona_beach", "type": "place", "title": "戴通纳海滩", "slug": "fl-daytona-beach", "aliases": [ "Daytona Beach" ], "summary": "戴通纳海滩（Daytona Beach）是美国佛罗里达州下辖的城市，人口约 72,647。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-geography" ], "tags": [ "tag-admin-division" ], "sources": [ { "id": "geonames", "title": "GeoNames US dataset (US.txt / admin2Codes.txt)", "url": "https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/US.zip" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-29T10:46:26+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T11:43:45+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 2, "body": "## 概况\n\n戴通纳海滩（Daytona Beach）是美国[[place_us_fl|佛罗里达州]]，位于[[place_us_fl_volusia_county|沃卢西亚县]]境内下辖的城市，人口约 72,647[^geonames]。\n\n## 地理\n\n- 坐标：29.2108, -81.0228", "url": "/places/fl-daytona-beach.html", "lang": "id", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "placeKind": "city", "coordinates": { "latitude": 29.21081, "longitude": -81.02283 }, "adminArea": "美国 · 佛罗里达州 · 戴通纳海滩" }, { "id": "place_us_fl_cape_canaveral", "type": "place", "title": "卡纳维拉尔角", "slug": "fl-cape-canaveral", "aliases": [ "Cape Canaveral" ], "summary": "卡纳维拉尔角（Cape Canaveral）是美国佛罗里达州下辖的城镇，人口约 9,912。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-geography" ], "tags": [ "tag-admin-division" ], "sources": [ { "id": "geonames", "title": "GeoNames US dataset (US.txt / admin2Codes.txt)", "url": "https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/US.zip" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-29T10:46:16+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T11:43:36+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 2, "body": "## 概况\n\n卡纳维拉尔角（Cape Canaveral）是美国[[place_us_fl|佛罗里达州]]，位于[[place_us_fl_brevard_county|布里瓦德县]]境内下辖的城镇，人口约 9,912[^geonames]。\n\n## 地理\n\n- 坐标：28.4058, -80.6048", "url": "/places/fl-cape-canaveral.html", "lang": "id", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "placeKind": "town", "coordinates": { "latitude": 28.40584, "longitude": -80.60477 }, "adminArea": "美国 · 佛罗里达州 · 卡纳维拉尔角" }, { "id": "place_us_fl_azalea_park", "type": "place", "title": "映山红公园", "slug": "fl-azalea-park", "aliases": [ "Azalea Park" ], "summary": "映山红公园（Azalea Park）是美国佛罗里达州下辖的城市，人口约 12,556。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-geography" ], "tags": [ "tag-admin-division" ], "sources": [ { "id": "geonames", "title": "GeoNames US dataset (US.txt / admin2Codes.txt)", "url": "https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/US.zip" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-29T10:46:07+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T11:43:27+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 2, "body": "## 概况\n\n映山红公园（Azalea Park）是美国[[place_us_fl|佛罗里达州]]，位于[[place_us_fl_orange_county|奥兰治县]]境内下辖的城市，人口约 12,556[^geonames]。\n\n## 地理\n\n- 坐标：28.5411, -81.3006", "url": "/places/fl-azalea-park.html", "lang": "id", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "placeKind": "city", "coordinates": { "latitude": 28.54111, "longitude": -81.30062 }, "adminArea": "美国 · 佛罗里达州 · 映山红公园" }, { "id": "place_us_fl_andrews", "type": "place", "title": "安德鲁斯", "slug": "fl-andrews", "aliases": [ "Andrews" ], "summary": "安德鲁斯（Andrews）是美国佛罗里达州下辖的村，人口约 798。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-geography" ], "tags": [ "tag-admin-division" ], "sources": [ { "id": "geonames", "title": "GeoNames US dataset (US.txt / admin2Codes.txt)", "url": "https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/US.zip" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-29T10:46:03+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T11:43:25+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 2, "body": "## 概况\n\n安德鲁斯（Andrews）是美国[[place_us_fl|佛罗里达州]]，位于[[place_us_fl_levy_county|莱维县]]境内下辖的村，人口约 798[^geonames]。\n\n## 地理\n\n- 坐标：29.5329, -82.8817", "url": "/places/fl-andrews.html", "lang": "id", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "placeKind": "village", "coordinates": { "latitude": 29.53293, "longitude": -82.88169 }, "adminArea": "美国 · 佛罗里达州 · 安德鲁斯" }, { "id": "place_us_ar_lowell", "type": "place", "title": "洛威尔", "slug": "ar-lowell", "aliases": [ "Lowell" ], "summary": "洛威尔（Lowell）是美国阿肯色州下辖的城镇，人口约 8,549。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-geography" ], "tags": [ "tag-admin-division" ], "sources": [ { "id": "geonames", "title": "GeoNames US dataset (US.txt / admin2Codes.txt)", "url": "https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/US.zip" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-29T10:45:17+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T11:42:43+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 2, "body": "## 概况\n\n洛威尔（Lowell）是美国[[place_us_ar|阿肯色州]]，位于[[place_us_ar_benton_county|本顿县]]境内下辖的城镇，人口约 8,549[^geonames]。\n\n## 地理\n\n- 坐标：36.2553, -94.1308", "url": "/places/ar-lowell.html", "lang": "id", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "placeKind": "town", "coordinates": { "latitude": 36.25535, "longitude": -94.13076 }, "adminArea": "美国 · 阿肯色州 · 洛威尔" }, { "id": "place_us_ar_lincoln", "type": "place", "title": "Lincoln", "slug": "ar-lincoln", "summary": "Lincoln（Lincoln）是美国阿肯色州下辖的城镇，人口约 2,431。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-geography" ], "tags": [ "tag-admin-division" ], "sources": [ { "id": "geonames", "title": "GeoNames US dataset (US.txt / admin2Codes.txt)", "url": "https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/US.zip" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-29T10:45:16+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T11:42:42+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 2, "body": "## 概况\n\nLincoln（Lincoln）是美国[[place_us_ar|阿肯色州]]，位于[[place_us_ar_washington_county|华盛顿县]]境内下辖的城镇，人口约 2,431[^geonames]。\n\n## 地理\n\n- 坐标：35.9495, -94.4236", "url": "/places/ar-lincoln.html", "lang": "id", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "placeKind": "town", "coordinates": { "latitude": 35.94953, "longitude": -94.42355 }, "adminArea": "美国 · 阿肯色州 · Lincoln" }, { "id": "place_us_al_perdido_beach", "type": "place", "title": "Perdido Beach", "slug": "al-perdido-beach", "summary": "Perdido Beach（Perdido Beach）是美国亚拉巴马州下辖的村，人口约 581。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-geography" ], "tags": [ "tag-admin-division" ], "sources": [ { "id": "geonames", "title": "GeoNames US dataset (US.txt / admin2Codes.txt)", "url": "https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/US.zip" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-29T10:44:17+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T11:41:53+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 2, "body": "## 概况\n\nPerdido Beach（Perdido Beach）是美国[[place_us_al|亚拉巴马州]]，位于[[place_us_al_baldwin_county|鲍德温县]]境内下辖的村，人口约 581[^geonames]。\n\n## 地理\n\n- 坐标：30.3408, -87.5050", "url": "/places/al-perdido-beach.html", "lang": "id", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "placeKind": "village", "coordinates": { "latitude": 30.34076, "longitude": -87.50498 }, "adminArea": "美国 · 亚拉巴马州 · Perdido Beach" }, { "id": "place_us_al_midway", "type": "place", "title": "Midway", "slug": "al-midway", "summary": "Midway（Midway）是美国亚拉巴马州下辖的村，人口约 488。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-geography" ], "tags": [ "tag-admin-division" ], "sources": [ { "id": "geonames", "title": "GeoNames US dataset (US.txt / admin2Codes.txt)", "url": "https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/US.zip" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-29T10:44:08+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T11:41:45+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 2, "body": "## 概况\n\nMidway（Midway）是美国[[place_us_al|亚拉巴马州]]，位于[[place_us_al_bullock_county|布洛克县]]境内下辖的村，人口约 488[^geonames]。\n\n## 地理\n\n- 坐标：32.0771, -85.5222", "url": "/places/al-midway.html", "lang": "id", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "placeKind": "village", "coordinates": { "latitude": 32.0771, "longitude": -85.52217 }, "adminArea": "美国 · 亚拉巴马州 · Midway" }, { "id": "place_us_al_irondale", "type": "place", "title": "艾昂戴尔", "slug": "al-irondale", "aliases": [ "Irondale" ], "summary": "艾昂戴尔（Irondale）是美国亚拉巴马州下辖的城市，人口约 12,423。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-geography" ], "tags": [ "tag-admin-division" ], "sources": [ { "id": "geonames", "title": "GeoNames US dataset (US.txt / admin2Codes.txt)", "url": "https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/US.zip" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-29T10:44:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T11:41:37+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 2, "body": "## 概况\n\n艾昂戴尔（Irondale）是美国[[place_us_al|亚拉巴马州]]，位于[[place_us_al_jefferson_county|杰斐逊县]]境内下辖的城市，人口约 12,423[^geonames]。\n\n## 地理\n\n- 坐标：33.5382, -86.7072", "url": "/places/al-irondale.html", "lang": "id", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "placeKind": "city", "coordinates": { "latitude": 33.53816, "longitude": -86.70721 }, "adminArea": "美国 · 亚拉巴马州 · 艾昂戴尔" }, { "id": "place_us_al_grant", "type": "place", "title": "Grant", "slug": "al-grant", "summary": "Grant（Grant）是美国亚拉巴马州下辖的村，人口约 903。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-geography" ], "tags": [ "tag-admin-division" ], "sources": [ { "id": "geonames", "title": "GeoNames US dataset (US.txt / admin2Codes.txt)", "url": "https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/US.zip" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-29T10:43:52+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T11:41:31+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 2, "body": "## 概况\n\nGrant（Grant）是美国[[place_us_al|亚拉巴马州]]，位于[[place_us_al_marshall_county|马歇尔县]]境内下辖的村，人口约 903[^geonames]。\n\n## 地理\n\n- 坐标：34.5287, -86.2533", "url": "/places/al-grant.html", "lang": "id", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "placeKind": "village", "coordinates": { "latitude": 34.5287, "longitude": -86.25332 }, "adminArea": "美国 · 亚拉巴马州 · Grant" }, { "id": "place_us_al_detroit", "type": "place", "title": "Detroit", "slug": "al-detroit", "summary": "Detroit（Detroit）是美国亚拉巴马州下辖的村，人口约 227。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-geography" ], "tags": [ "tag-admin-division" ], "sources": [ { "id": "geonames", "title": "GeoNames US dataset (US.txt / admin2Codes.txt)", "url": "https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/US.zip" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-29T10:43:42+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T11:41:23+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 2, "body": "## 概况\n\nDetroit（Detroit）是美国[[place_us_al|亚拉巴马州]]，位于[[place_us_al_lamar_county|拉马尔县]]境内下辖的村，人口约 227[^geonames]。\n\n## 地理\n\n- 坐标：34.0282, -88.1700", "url": "/places/al-detroit.html", "lang": "id", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "placeKind": "village", "coordinates": { "latitude": 34.02816, "longitude": -88.17004 }, "adminArea": "美国 · 亚拉巴马州 · Detroit" }, { "id": "place_us_al_choccolocco", "type": "place", "title": "巧克洛可", "slug": "al-choccolocco", "aliases": [ "Choccolocco" ], "summary": "巧克洛可（Choccolocco）是美国亚拉巴马州下辖的城镇，人口约 2,804。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-geography" ], "tags": [ "tag-admin-division" ], "sources": [ { "id": "geonames", "title": "GeoNames US dataset (US.txt / admin2Codes.txt)", "url": "https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/US.zip" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-29T10:43:37+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T11:41:19+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 2, "body": "## 概况\n\n巧克洛可（Choccolocco）是美国[[place_us_al|亚拉巴马州]]，位于[[place_us_al_calhoun_county|卡尔霍恩县]]境内下辖的城镇，人口约 2,804[^geonames]。\n\n## 地理\n\n- 坐标：33.6593, -85.7036", "url": "/places/al-choccolocco.html", "lang": "id", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "placeKind": "town", "coordinates": { "latitude": 33.65927, "longitude": -85.70357 }, "adminArea": "美国 · 亚拉巴马州 · 巧克洛可" }, { "id": "place_us_al_blue_ridge", "type": "place", "title": "Blue Ridge", "slug": "al-blue-ridge", "summary": "Blue Ridge（Blue Ridge）是美国亚拉巴马州下辖的城镇，人口约 1,341。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-geography" ], "tags": [ "tag-admin-division" ], "sources": [ { "id": "geonames", "title": "GeoNames US dataset (US.txt / admin2Codes.txt)", "url": "https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/US.zip" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-29T10:43:32+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T11:41:14+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 2, "body": "## 概况\n\nBlue Ridge（Blue Ridge）是美国[[place_us_al|亚拉巴马州]]，位于[[place_us_al_elmore_county|埃尔莫尔县]]境内下辖的城镇，人口约 1,341[^geonames]。\n\n## 地理\n\n- 坐标：32.4926, -86.1905", "url": "/places/al-blue-ridge.html", "lang": "id", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "placeKind": "town", "coordinates": { "latitude": 32.49264, "longitude": -86.19052 }, "adminArea": "美国 · 亚拉巴马州 · Blue Ridge" }, { "id": "place_us_id_cassia_county", "type": "place", "title": "喀细亚县", "slug": "id-cassia-county", "aliases": [ "Cassia County" ], "summary": "喀细亚县（Cassia County）是美国爱达荷州下辖的县，人口约 24,655。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-geography" ], "tags": [ "tag-admin-division" ], "sources": [ { "id": "geonames", "title": "GeoNames US dataset (US.txt / admin2Codes.txt)", "url": "https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/US.zip" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-29T10:20:42+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T10:34:15+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 2, "body": "## 概况\n\n喀细亚县（Cassia County）是美国[[place_us_id|爱达荷州]]下辖的县，FIPS 代码 id031，人口约 24,655[^geonames]。\n\n## 地理\n\n- 坐标：42.2839, -113.6004\n- 时区：America/Boise", "url": "/places/id-cassia-county.html", "lang": "id", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "placeKind": "county", "coordinates": { "latitude": 42.28387, "longitude": -113.60037 }, "adminArea": "美国 · 爱达荷州 · 喀细亚县" }, { "id": "place_us_nm_grant_county", "type": "place", "title": "格兰特县", "slug": "nm-grant-county", "aliases": [ "Grant County" ], "summary": "格兰特县（Grant County）是美国新墨西哥州下辖的县，人口约 29,514。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-geography" ], "tags": [ "tag-admin-division" ], "sources": [ { "id": "geonames", "title": "GeoNames US dataset (US.txt / admin2Codes.txt)", "url": "https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/US.zip" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-29T10:20:27+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T10:33:56+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 2, "body": "## 概况\n\n格兰特县（Grant County）是美国[[place_us_nm|新墨西哥州]]下辖的县，FIPS 代码 nm017，人口约 29,514[^geonames]。\n\n## 地理\n\n- 坐标：32.7390, -108.3822\n- 时区：America/Denver", "url": "/places/nm-grant-county.html", "lang": "id", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "placeKind": "county", "coordinates": { "latitude": 32.73901, "longitude": -108.38225 }, "adminArea": "美国 · 新墨西哥州 · 格兰特县" }, { "id": "place_us_ca_napa_county", "type": "place", "title": "纳帕县", "slug": "ca-napa-county", "aliases": [ "Napa County" ], "summary": "纳帕县（Napa County）是美国加利福尼亚州下辖的县，人口约 136,484。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-geography" ], "tags": [ "tag-admin-division" ], "sources": [ { "id": "geonames", "title": "GeoNames US dataset (US.txt / admin2Codes.txt)", "url": "https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/US.zip" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-29T10:20:16+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T10:33:44+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 2, "body": "## 概况\n\n纳帕县（Napa County）是美国[[place_us_ca|加利福尼亚州]]下辖的县，FIPS 代码 ca055，人口约 136,484[^geonames]。\n\n## 地理\n\n- 坐标：38.5065, -122.3305\n- 时区：America/Los_Angeles", "url": "/places/ca-napa-county.html", "lang": "id", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "placeKind": "county", "coordinates": { "latitude": 38.50647, "longitude": -122.33053 }, "adminArea": "美国 · 加利福尼亚州 · 纳帕县" }, { "id": "place_us_oh_shelby_county", "type": "place", "title": "谢尔比县", "slug": "oh-shelby-county", "aliases": [ "Shelby County" ], "summary": "谢尔比县（Shelby County）是美国俄亥俄州下辖的县，人口约 48,230。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-geography" ], "tags": [ "tag-admin-division" ], "sources": [ { "id": "geonames", "title": "GeoNames US dataset (US.txt / admin2Codes.txt)", "url": "https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/US.zip" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-29T10:19:52+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T10:33:20+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 2, "body": "## 概况\n\n谢尔比县（Shelby County）是美国[[place_us_oh|俄亥俄州]]下辖的县，FIPS 代码 oh149，人口约 48,230[^geonames]。\n\n## 地理\n\n- 坐标：40.3315, -84.2047\n- 时区：America/New_York", "url": "/places/oh-shelby-county.html", "lang": "id", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "placeKind": "county", "coordinates": { "latitude": 40.33153, "longitude": -84.20473 }, "adminArea": "美国 · 俄亥俄州 · 谢尔比县" }, { "id": "place_us_mi_mackinac_county", "type": "place", "title": "麦基诺县", "slug": "mi-mackinac-county", "aliases": [ "Mackinac County" ], "summary": "麦基诺县（Mackinac County）是美国密歇根州下辖的县，人口约 10,834。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-geography" ], "tags": [ "tag-admin-division" ], "sources": [ { "id": "geonames", "title": "GeoNames US dataset (US.txt / admin2Codes.txt)", "url": "https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/US.zip" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-29T10:19:14+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T10:32:42+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 2, "body": "## 概况\n\n麦基诺县（Mackinac County）是美国[[place_us_mi|密歇根州]]下辖的县，FIPS 代码 mi097，人口约 10,834[^geonames]。\n\n## 地理\n\n- 坐标：45.8718, -84.7623\n- 时区：America/Detroit", "url": "/places/mi-mackinac-county.html", "lang": "id", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "placeKind": "county", "coordinates": { "latitude": 45.87184, "longitude": -84.76227 }, "adminArea": "美国 · 密歇根州 · 麦基诺县" }, { "id": "place_us_tx_taylor_county", "type": "place", "title": "泰勒县", "slug": "tx-taylor-county", "aliases": [ "Taylor County" ], "summary": "泰勒县（Taylor County）是美国得克萨斯州下辖的县，人口约 143,208。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-geography" ], "tags": [ "tag-admin-division" ], "sources": [ { "id": "geonames", "title": "GeoNames US dataset (US.txt / admin2Codes.txt)", "url": "https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/US.zip" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-29T10:18:29+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T10:31:55+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 2, "body": "## 概况\n\n泰勒县（Taylor County）是美国[[place_us_tx|得克萨斯州]]下辖的县，FIPS 代码 tx441，人口约 143,208[^geonames]。\n\n## 地理\n\n- 坐标：32.3015, -99.8901\n- 时区：America/Chicago", "url": "/places/tx-taylor-county.html", "lang": "id", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "placeKind": "county", "coordinates": { "latitude": 32.30147, "longitude": -99.89012 }, "adminArea": "美国 · 得克萨斯州 · 泰勒县" }, { "id": "place_us_tx_robertson_county", "type": "place", "title": "罗伯森县", "slug": "tx-robertson-county", "aliases": [ "Robertson County" ], "summary": "罗伯森县（Robertson County）是美国得克萨斯州下辖的县，人口约 16,757。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-geography" ], "tags": [ "tag-admin-division" ], "sources": [ { "id": "geonames", "title": "GeoNames US dataset (US.txt / admin2Codes.txt)", "url": "https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/US.zip" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-29T10:18:28+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T10:31:54+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 2, "body": "## 概况\n\n罗伯森县（Robertson County）是美国[[place_us_tx|得克萨斯州]]下辖的县，FIPS 代码 tx395，人口约 16,757[^geonames]。\n\n## 地理\n\n- 坐标：31.0270, -96.5128\n- 时区：America/Chicago", "url": "/places/tx-robertson-county.html", "lang": "id", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "placeKind": "county", "coordinates": { "latitude": 31.02704, "longitude": -96.51279 }, "adminArea": "美国 · 得克萨斯州 · 罗伯森县" }, { "id": "place_us_tx_erath_county", "type": "place", "title": "伊拉斯县", "slug": "tx-erath-county", "aliases": [ "Erath County" ], "summary": "伊拉斯县（Erath County）是美国得克萨斯州下辖的县，人口约 42,545。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-geography" ], "tags": [ "tag-admin-division" ], "sources": [ { "id": "geonames", "title": "GeoNames US dataset (US.txt / admin2Codes.txt)", "url": "https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/US.zip" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-29T10:18:19+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T10:31:44+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 2, "body": "## 概况\n\n伊拉斯县（Erath County）是美国[[place_us_tx|得克萨斯州]]下辖的县，FIPS 代码 tx143，人口约 42,545[^geonames]。\n\n## 地理\n\n- 坐标：32.2363, -98.2180\n- 时区：America/Chicago", "url": "/places/tx-erath-county.html", "lang": "id", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "placeKind": "county", "coordinates": { "latitude": 32.23626, "longitude": -98.21797 }, "adminArea": "美国 · 得克萨斯州 · 伊拉斯县" }, { "id": "place_us_tn_lewis_county", "type": "place", "title": "刘易斯县", "slug": "tn-lewis-county", "aliases": [ "Lewis County" ], "summary": "刘易斯县（Lewis County）是美国田纳西州下辖的县，人口约 12,582。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-geography" ], "tags": [ "tag-admin-division" ], "sources": [ { "id": "geonames", "title": "GeoNames US dataset (US.txt / admin2Codes.txt)", "url": "https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/US.zip" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-29T10:18:09+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T10:31:35+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 2, "body": "## 概况\n\n刘易斯县（Lewis County）是美国[[place_us_tn|田纳西州]]下辖的县，FIPS 代码 tn101，人口约 12,582[^geonames]。\n\n## 地理\n\n- 坐标：35.5273, -87.4931\n- 时区：America/Chicago", "url": "/places/tn-lewis-county.html", "lang": "id", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "placeKind": "county", "coordinates": { "latitude": 35.52728, "longitude": -87.4931 }, "adminArea": "美国 · 田纳西州 · 刘易斯县" }, { "id": "place_us_tn_hancock_county", "type": "place", "title": "汉考克县", "slug": "tn-hancock-county", "aliases": [ "Hancock County" ], "summary": "汉考克县（Hancock County）是美国田纳西州下辖的县，人口约 6,662。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-geography" ], "tags": [ "tag-admin-division" ], "sources": [ { "id": "geonames", "title": "GeoNames US dataset (US.txt / admin2Codes.txt)", "url": "https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/US.zip" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-29T10:18:08+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T10:31:33+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 2, "body": "## 概况\n\n汉考克县（Hancock County）是美国[[place_us_tn|田纳西州]]下辖的县，FIPS 代码 tn067，人口约 6,662[^geonames]。\n\n## 地理\n\n- 坐标：36.5237, -83.2218\n- 时区：America/New_York", "url": "/places/tn-hancock-county.html", "lang": "id", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "placeKind": "county", "coordinates": { "latitude": 36.52365, "longitude": -83.22183 }, "adminArea": "美国 · 田纳西州 · 汉考克县" }, { "id": "place_us_ms_clarke_county", "type": "place", "title": "克拉克县", "slug": "ms-clarke-county", "aliases": [ "Clarke County" ], "summary": "克拉克县（Clarke County）是美国密西西比州下辖的县，人口约 15,604。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-geography" ], "tags": [ "tag-admin-division" ], "sources": [ { "id": "geonames", "title": "GeoNames US dataset (US.txt / admin2Codes.txt)", "url": "https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/US.zip" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-29T10:17:34+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T10:30:56+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 2, "body": "## 概况\n\n克拉克县（Clarke County）是美国[[place_us_ms|密西西比州]]下辖的县，FIPS 代码 ms023，人口约 15,604[^geonames]。\n\n## 地理\n\n- 坐标：32.0414, -88.6894\n- 时区：America/Chicago", "url": "/places/ms-clarke-county.html", "lang": "id", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "placeKind": "county", "coordinates": { "latitude": 32.0414, "longitude": -88.6894 }, "adminArea": "美国 · 密西西比州 · 克拉克县" }, { "id": "place_us_ks_geary_county", "type": "place", "title": "吉里县", "slug": "ks-geary-county", "aliases": [ "Geary County" ], "summary": "吉里县（Geary County）是美国堪萨斯州下辖的县，人口约 36,739。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-geography" ], "tags": [ "tag-admin-division" ], "sources": [ { "id": "geonames", "title": "GeoNames US dataset (US.txt / admin2Codes.txt)", "url": "https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/US.zip" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-29T10:16:49+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T10:30:19+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 2, "body": "## 概况\n\n吉里县（Geary County）是美国[[place_us_ks|堪萨斯州]]下辖的县，FIPS 代码 ks061，人口约 36,739[^geonames]。\n\n## 地理\n\n- 坐标：39.0024, -96.7525\n- 时区：America/Chicago", "url": "/places/ks-geary-county.html", "lang": "id", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "placeKind": "county", "coordinates": { "latitude": 39.00236, "longitude": -96.75254 }, "adminArea": "美国 · 堪萨斯州 · 吉里县" }, { "id": "place_us_in_parke_county", "type": "place", "title": "帕克县", "slug": "in-parke-county", "aliases": [ "Parke County" ], "summary": "帕克县（Parke County）是美国印第安纳州下辖的县，人口约 16,927。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-geography" ], "tags": [ "tag-admin-division" ], "sources": [ { "id": "geonames", "title": "GeoNames US dataset (US.txt / admin2Codes.txt)", "url": "https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/US.zip" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-29T10:16:44+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T10:30:15+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 2, "body": "## 概况\n\n帕克县（Parke County）是美国[[place_us_in|印第安纳州]]下辖的县，FIPS 代码 in121，人口约 16,927[^geonames]。\n\n## 地理\n\n- 坐标：39.7736, -87.2064\n- 时区：America/Indiana/Indianapolis", "url": "/places/in-parke-county.html", "lang": "id", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "placeKind": "county", "coordinates": { "latitude": 39.77363, "longitude": -87.20636 }, "adminArea": "美国 · 印第安纳州 · 帕克县" }, { "id": "place_us_il_saline_county", "type": "place", "title": "萨林县", "slug": "il-saline-county", "aliases": [ "Saline County" ], "summary": "萨林县（Saline County）是美国伊利诺伊州下辖的县，人口约 23,768。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-geography" ], "tags": [ "tag-admin-division" ], "sources": [ { "id": "geonames", "title": "GeoNames US dataset (US.txt / admin2Codes.txt)", "url": "https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/US.zip" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-29T10:16:39+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T10:30:09+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 2, "body": "## 概况\n\n萨林县（Saline County）是美国[[place_us_il|伊利诺伊州]]下辖的县，FIPS 代码 il165，人口约 23,768[^geonames]。\n\n## 地理\n\n- 坐标：37.7532, -88.5408\n- 时区：America/Chicago", "url": "/places/il-saline-county.html", "lang": "id", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "placeKind": "county", "coordinates": { "latitude": 37.75318, "longitude": -88.5408 }, "adminArea": "美国 · 伊利诺伊州 · 萨林县" }, { "id": "place_us_ga_jones_county", "type": "place", "title": "琼斯县", "slug": "ga-jones-county", "aliases": [ "Jones County" ], "summary": "琼斯县（Jones County）是美国佐治亚州下辖的县，人口约 28,616。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-geography" ], "tags": [ "tag-admin-division" ], "sources": [ { "id": "geonames", "title": "GeoNames US dataset (US.txt / admin2Codes.txt)", "url": "https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/US.zip" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-29T10:16:26+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T10:29:55+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 2, "body": "## 概况\n\n琼斯县（Jones County）是美国[[place_us_ga|佐治亚州]]下辖的县，FIPS 代码 ga169，人口约 28,616[^geonames]。\n\n## 地理\n\n- 坐标：33.0251, -83.5605\n- 时区：America/New_York", "url": "/places/ga-jones-county.html", "lang": "id", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "placeKind": "county", "coordinates": { "latitude": 33.02513, "longitude": -83.56052 }, "adminArea": "美国 · 佐治亚州 · 琼斯县" }, { "id": "place_us_al_pike_county", "type": "place", "title": "派克县", "slug": "al-pike-county", "aliases": [ "Pike County" ], "summary": "派克县（Pike County）是美国亚拉巴马州下辖的县，人口约 32,991。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-geography" ], "tags": [ "tag-admin-division" ], "sources": [ { "id": "geonames", "title": "GeoNames US dataset (US.txt / admin2Codes.txt)", "url": "https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/US.zip" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-29T10:16:01+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T10:29:29+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 2, "body": "## 概况\n\n派克县（Pike County）是美国[[place_us_al|亚拉巴马州]]下辖的县，FIPS 代码 al109，人口约 32,991[^geonames]。\n\n## 地理\n\n- 坐标：31.8027, -85.9409\n- 时区：America/Chicago", "url": "/places/al-pike-county.html", "lang": "id", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "placeKind": "county", "coordinates": { "latitude": 31.80272, "longitude": -85.94092 }, "adminArea": "美国 · 亚拉巴马州 · 派克县" }, { "id": "place_us_al_montgomery_county", "type": "place", "title": "蒙哥马利县", "slug": "al-montgomery-county", "aliases": [ "Montgomery County" ], "summary": "蒙哥马利县（Montgomery County）是美国亚拉巴马州下辖的县，县治为蒙哥马利。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-geography" ], "tags": [ "tag-admin-division" ], "sources": [ { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "蒙哥马利县（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%93%A5%E9%A9%AC%E5%88%A9%E5%8E%BF" }, { "id": "uscb2023", "title": "U.S. Census Bureau 2023 州与县 FIPS 代码", "url": "https://www.census.gov/library/reference/code-lists/ansi.html" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-29T03:01:59+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T10:15:26+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 4, "body": "## 行政区划\n\n蒙哥马利县（Montgomery County）是美国亚拉巴马州下辖的县（county），县治为蒙哥马利[^uscb2023]。\n\n## 基本信息\n\n- 所属州：[[place_us_al|亚拉巴马州]]\n- 县治：蒙哥马利[^uscb2023]\n- 行政级别：县（county）[^uscb2023]\n\n## 上级行政区\n\n位于[[place_us_al|亚拉巴马州]]。\n\n## 核实数据（GeoNames）\n\n- 人口：约 227,434\n- 坐标：32.2203, -86.2076\n- FIPS 代码：al101", "url": "/places/al-montgomery-county.html", "lang": "id", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "placeKind": "county", "coordinates": { "latitude": 32.2203, "longitude": -86.2072 }, "adminArea": "美国 · 亚拉巴马州 · 蒙哥马利县" }, { "id": "place_us_ny_syracuse", "type": "place", "title": "锡拉丘兹", "slug": "ny-syracuse", "aliases": [ "Syracuse" ], "summary": "锡拉丘兹（Syracuse）是美国纽约州的市。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-geography" ], "tags": [ "tag-admin-division" ], "sources": [ { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "锡拉丘兹（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%94%A1%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%98%E5%85%B9" }, { "id": "uscb2023", "title": "U.S. Census Bureau 2023 州与县 FIPS 代码", "url": "https://www.census.gov/library/reference/code-lists/ansi.html" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-29T03:02:39+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T10:15:18+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 4, "body": "## 行政区划\n\n锡拉丘兹（Syracuse）是美国纽约州的市（city）[^uscb2023]。\n\n## 基本信息\n\n- 所属州：[[place_us_ny|纽约州]]\n- 所在县：奥农达加县[^zhwiki]\n- 人口：约145,000（2023年估计）[^uscb2023]\n- 行政级别：市（city）[^uscb2023]\n\n## 上级行政区\n\n位于[[place_us_ny|纽约州]]。\n\n## 核实数据（GeoNames）\n\n- 人口：约 144,142\n- 坐标：43.0481, -76.1474", "url": "/places/ny-syracuse.html", "lang": "id", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "placeKind": "city", "coordinates": { "latitude": 43.0481, "longitude": -76.1474 }, "adminArea": "美国 · 纽约州 · 锡拉丘兹" }, { "id": "place_us_ky_lexington", "type": "place", "title": "列克星敦", "slug": "ky-lexington", "aliases": [ "Lexington" ], "summary": "列克星敦（Lexington）是美国肯塔基州的市。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-geography" ], "tags": [ "tag-admin-division" ], "sources": [ { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "列克星敦（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%88%97%E5%85%8B%E6%98%9F%E6%95%A6" }, { "id": "uscb2023", "title": "U.S. Census Bureau 2023 州与县 FIPS 代码", "url": "https://www.census.gov/library/reference/code-lists/ansi.html" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-29T03:02:33+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T10:15:08+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 4, "body": "## 行政区划\n\n列克星敦（Lexington）是美国肯塔基州的市（city）[^uscb2023]。\n\n## 基本信息\n\n- 所属州：[[place_us_ky|肯塔基州]]\n- 所在县：费耶特县[^zhwiki]\n- 人口：约323,000（2023年估计）[^uscb2023]\n- 行政级别：市（city）[^uscb2023]\n\n## 上级行政区\n\n位于[[place_us_ky|肯塔基州]]。\n\n## 核实数据（GeoNames）\n\n- 人口：约 320,347\n- 坐标：37.9887, -84.4777", "url": "/places/ky-lexington.html", "lang": "id", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "placeKind": "city", "coordinates": { "latitude": 38.0406, "longitude": -84.5037 }, "adminArea": "美国 · 肯塔基州 · 列克星敦" }, { "id": "place_beijing_majiapu_east_road", "type": "place", "title": "马家堡东路", "slug": "beijing-majiapu-east-road", "summary": "马家堡东路是北京市政府2010年架空缆线入地整治通告提及的道路。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-geography" ], "tags": [ "tag-modern-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "official", "title": "北京市人民政府公报2010年第16期", "author": "北京市人民政府办公厅", "url": "https://www.beijing.gov.cn/zhengce/zfgb/lsgb/201905/W020191122328562973175.pdf" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-27T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-28T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 2, "body": "北京市人民政府2010年架空缆线入地整治通告提及马家堡东路；通告中作为整治范围或相关范围边界的具体表述及适用期限，以官方公报原文为准。[^official]", "url": "/places/beijing-majiapu-east-road.html", "lang": "id", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh" ], "placeKind": "道路" }, { "id": "concept_vernacular", "type": "concept", "title": "白话文", "slug": "vernacular-chinese", "aliases": [ "白话", "Vernacular Chinese" ], "summary": "以口语为基础形成的书面表达形式，与文言文相对而又有历史联系。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-literature" ], "tags": [ "tag-literature", "tag-education" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "白话文（维基百科，示例参考入口）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/白话文" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-24T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-24T00:00:00+08:00", "revision": 1, "body": "## 概念范围\n\n白话文是书面表达形式，其历史不限于20世纪。近现代文学革新使白话写作获得新的发展。\n\n## 作品例证\n\n[[work_diary|狂人日记]]和[[work_changshi|尝试集]]可作为不同文体的阅读例子。", "url": "/concepts/vernacular-chinese.html", "lang": "id", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "conceptKind": "term", "scopeNote": "本示例主要讨论近现代文学与教育中的白话文。", "relatedTerms": [ "文言文", "白话文学", "国语" ] }, { "id": "organization_belize_ministry_of_infrastructure_development_and_housing", "type": "organization", "title": "伯利兹基础设施发展与住房部", "slug": "belize-ministry-of-infrastructure-development-and-housing", "aliases": [ "Ministry of Infrastructure Development and Housing" ], "summary": "伯利兹政府组成部门，主管基础设施建设与住房事务。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history" ], "tags": [], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "伯利兹领导人与内阁成员（美国中情局《世界领导人》，2026-07-14更新）", "url": "https://www.cia.gov/resources/world-leaders/foreign-governments/belize/" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "伯利兹内阁调整新闻稿（总理府，2026-10-06）", "url": "https://www.pressoffice.gov.bz/wp-content/uploads/2026/10/Oct-6-PR249-26-Cabinet-Adjustments-Announced.pdf" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-05T17:25:03+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-05T17:25:03+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 1, "body": "## 概述\n\n伯利兹基础设施发展与住房部是伯利兹政府的组成部门，主管基础设施建设与住房发展。\n\n## 历史沿革\n\n该部长期负责伯利兹基建与住房事务。2025年3月，朱利叶斯·埃斯帕特出任该部部长，此后留任；2026年内政部代理事务结束后，他回归专任该部部长。\n\n## 主要职能\n\n规划与建设道路、桥梁等公共基础设施；发展保障性住房；管理政府工程项目。\n\n## 组织结构\n\n该部由部长领导，下设基础设施、住房等业务部门，具体内设机构未详。\n\n## 现任负责人\n\n部长：朱利叶斯·埃斯帕特（2025年3月就任）。\n\n## 总部与联系方式\n\n总部位于首都贝尔莫潘，具体地址未详。\n\n## 来源\n\n伯利兹领导人与内阁成员（美国中情局《世界领导人》）；伯利兹内阁调整新闻稿。", "url": "/organizations/belize-ministry-of-infrastructure-development-and-housing.html", "lang": "id", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh" ], "orgKind": "政府机构" }, { "id": "organization_jamaica_ministry_of_culture_gender_entertainment_and_sport", "type": "organization", "title": "牙买加文化、性别、娱乐与体育部", "slug": "jamaica-ministry-of-culture-gender-entertainment-and-sport", "aliases": [ "Ministry of Culture, Gender, Entertainment and Sport" ], "summary": "牙买加政府组成部门，主管文化、性别平等、娱乐产业与体育事务。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history" ], "tags": [], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "牙买加新内阁名单（牙买加新闻署，2025-09-18）", "url": "https://jis.gov.jm/prime-minister-dr-the-most-honourable-andrew-holness-announces-new-cabinet-and-government-senate-appointments/" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "牙买加内阁（英文维基百科）", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabinet_of_Jamaica" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-05T17:21:11+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-05T17:21:11+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 1, "body": "## 概述\n\n牙买加文化、性别、娱乐与体育部是牙买加政府的组成部门，主管文化事业、性别平等、娱乐产业与体育发展。\n\n## 历史沿革\n\n该部长期负责牙买加文化与体育事务。2025年9月，奥利维亚·格兰奇留任该部部长。\n\n## 主要职能\n\n制定文化与体育政策；扶持音乐、影视等娱乐产业；推进性别平等；发展竞技体育与全民健身。\n\n## 组织结构\n\n该部由部长领导，下设文化、性别、娱乐与体育等业务部门，具体内设机构未详。\n\n## 现任负责人\n\n部长：奥利维亚·格兰奇（2025年9月留任）。\n\n## 总部与联系方式\n\n总部位于首都金斯敦，具体地址未详。\n\n## 来源\n\n牙买加新内阁名单（牙买加新闻署）；牙买加内阁（英文维基百科）。", "url": "/organizations/jamaica-ministry-of-culture-gender-entertainment-and-sport.html", "lang": "id", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh" ], "orgKind": "政府机构" }, { "id": "organization_barbados_ministry_of_innovation_industry_science_and_technology", "type": "organization", "title": "巴巴多斯创新、工业、科学与技术部", "slug": "barbados-ministry-of-innovation-industry-science-and-technology", "aliases": [ "Ministry of Innovation, Industry, Science and Technology" ], "summary": "巴巴多斯政府组成部门，主管创新、工业发展与科技政策。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history" ], "tags": [], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "巴巴多斯内阁（英文维基百科，2026年2月12日大选后组成）", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabinet_of_Barbados" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "巴巴多斯新内阁名单（Barbados Today，2026-02-16）", "url": "https://barbadostoday.bb/2026/02/16/new-ministerial-team-to-deliver-on-accountability-performance/" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-05T17:18:56+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-05T17:18:56+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 1, "body": "## 概述\n\n巴巴多斯创新、工业、科学与技术部是巴巴多斯政府的组成部门，主管技术创新、工业发展与科学政策。\n\n## 历史沿革\n\n该部长期负责巴巴多斯创新与工业事务。2026年2月，乔纳森·里德留任该部部长。\n\n## 主要职能\n\n制定创新与科技政策；扶持工业发展与制造业；推动数字化转型与科研合作。\n\n## 组织结构\n\n该部由部长领导，下设创新、工业与科技等业务部门，具体内设机构未详。\n\n## 现任负责人\n\n部长：乔纳森·里德（2026年2月留任）。\n\n## 总部与联系方式\n\n总部位于首都布里奇顿，具体地址未详。\n\n## 来源\n\n巴巴多斯内阁（英文维基百科）；Barbados Today 2026年2月内阁报道。", "url": "/organizations/barbados-ministry-of-innovation-industry-science-and-technology.html", "lang": "id", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh" ], "orgKind": "政府机构" }, { "id": "person_fred_mitchell", "type": "person", "title": "弗雷德·米切尔", "slug": "fred-mitchell", "aliases": [ "Fred Mitchell" ], "summary": "巴哈马政治人物，现任外交与移民部长，2021年9月起任职，2026年5月连任留任。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history" ], "tags": [], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "巴哈马领导人与内阁成员（美国中情局《世界领导人》，2026-06-30更新）", "url": "https://www.cia.gov/resources/world-leaders/foreign-governments/bahamas-the" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "巴哈马内阁名单与分工（Tribune242，2026-05-18）", "url": "http://www.tribune242.com/news/2026/may/18/cabinet-line-up-changes-and-appointments-announced/" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "巴哈马内阁分工政府公报（2026-0064，2026-05-19）", "url": "https://laws.bahamas.gov.bs/cms/images/LEGISLATION/GAZETTES/2026/2026-0064/2026-0064.pdf" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-05T17:14:40+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-05T17:14:40+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 1, "body": "弗雷德·米切尔（Fred Mitchell）是巴哈马政治人物，现任外交与移民部长。出生年月与教育背景未详。\n\n## 早年与教育\n\n米切尔早年学习法律，长期从事律师与政治工作。出生年月与毕业院校未详。\n\n## 职业与从政经历\n\n米切尔曾任众议院议员，2002年至2007年、2012年至2017年两度任外交部长。2021年9月戴维斯政府上台后，他第三度出任外交部长。2026年5月大选后留任，职衔改为外交与移民部长。\n\n## 主要事迹与主张\n\n任外交部长期间主管巴哈马对外关系、加勒比共同体事务与移民政策，多次代表巴哈马出席联合国大会与加共体会议。\n\n## 现任职务\n\n巴哈马外交与移民部长，2021年9月就任，2026年5月留任至今。\n\n## 来源\n\n美国中情局《世界领导人》巴哈马页；Tribune242 2026年5月内阁报道；巴哈马内阁分工政府公报。", "url": "/people/fred-mitchell.html", "lang": "id", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh" ], "occupations": [ "政治人物", "巴哈马外交与移民部长" ] }, { "id": "organization_lesotho_environment", "type": "organization", "title": "莱索托环境与林业部", "slug": "lesotho-environment", "aliases": [ "Ministry of Environment and Forestry" ], "summary": "莱索托环境与林业部是莱索托政府主管环境保护与林业的部门，现任部长为塔博·莫福西，总部位于马塞卢。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history" ], "tags": [], "sources": [ { "id": "s-ls-cia", "title": "Lesotho — World Leaders（美国中央情报局，2026-06-05更新）", "url": "https://www.cia.gov/resources/world-leaders/foreign-governments/lesotho/" }, { "id": "s-ls-reshuffle", "title": "Lesotho cabinet reshuffle takes effect as two ministers released（2026-04-29改组）", "url": "https://swazi24.com/45026/news/politics/lesotho-cabinet-reshuffle-takes-effect-as-two-ministers-released/" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-05T16:45:56+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-05T16:45:56+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 1, "body": "## 概述\n\n莱索托环境与林业部（Ministry of Environment and Forestry）是莱索托政府主管环境保护、森林管理与气候变化的部门。\n\n## 历史沿革\n\n由原环境与林业相关职能整合设立，负责应对水土流失与气候变化挑战。\n\n## 主要职能\n\n制定环境与气候政策；管理森林资源与水土保持；负责环境影响评价与自然保护。\n\n## 组织结构\n\n部长为塔博·莫福西（Thabo Mofosi）；下设环境、林业等分支。\n\n## 现任负责人\n\n现任部长：塔博·莫福西（Thabo Mofosi），2026年4月29日至今任职。\n\n## 总部与联系方式\n\n总部：莱索托马塞卢。\n\n## 来源\n\n详见本条目来源列表。", "url": "/organizations/lesotho-environment.html", "lang": "id", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh" ], "orgKind": "政府机构" }, { "id": "organization_pakistan_defence", "type": "organization", "title": "巴基斯坦国防部", "slug": "pakistan-defence", "aliases": [ "Ministry of Defence" ], "summary": "巴基斯坦国防部是巴基斯坦政府主管国防事务的部门，现任部长为卡瓦贾·阿西夫，总部位于拉瓦尔品第。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history" ], "tags": [], "sources": [ { "id": "src-pak-cabinet", "title": "Second Shehbaz Sharif government（维基百科，第二届夏巴兹·谢里夫内阁）", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Shehbaz_Sharif_government" }, { "id": "src-cia-pak", "title": "Pakistan — World Leaders（美国中央情报局）", "url": "https://www.cia.gov/resources/world-leaders/foreign-governments/pakistan" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-05T15:17:18+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-05T15:17:18+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 1, "body": "## 概述\n\n巴基斯坦国防部（Ministry of Defence）是巴基斯坦政府主管国防政策与武装力量行政管理的联邦部门。\n\n## 历史沿革\n\n1947年独立时设立；总部设于拉瓦尔品第，与陆军总部毗邻。\n\n## 主要职能\n\n制定国防政策与国防预算；管理三军行政事务；负责国防生产与军事采购；协调三军与文职政府关系。\n\n## 组织结构\n\n部长为卡瓦贾·阿西夫；下设国防秘书领导的秘书处；辖三军总部、国防生产机构与军事土地管理部门。\n\n## 现任负责人\n\n现任部长：卡瓦贾·阿西夫（Khawaja Asif），2024年3月11日至今任职。\n\n## 总部与联系方式\n\n总部：巴基斯坦拉瓦尔品第卡尔瓦尔路国防部大楼。\n\n## 来源\n\n详见本条目来源列表。", "url": "/organizations/pakistan-defence.html", "lang": "id", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh" ], "orgKind": "政府机构" }, { "id": "organization_macau_customs", "type": "organization", "title": "海关", "slug": "macau-customs", "aliases": [ "Serviços de Alfândega de Macau", "SA", "Macao Customs", "澳门海关" ], "summary": "澳门特别行政区政府部门，负责海关监管与口岸通关事务，关长为须由国务院任命的主要官员，现任关长为何浩瀚。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history" ], "tags": [], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "澳门海关 - 维基百科", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-cn/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B%E6%BE%B3%E9%96%80%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A5%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8D%80%E6%B5%B7%E9%97%9C?oldformat=true" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "国务院任命澳门特别行政区第六届政府主要官员和检察长 - 澳门特别行政区政府入口网站", "url": "https://www.gov.mo/zh-hans/news/795097/" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "何浩瀚：牢记历史使命 勇担时代重任 - 澳门特别行政区政府入口网站", "url": "https://www.gov.mo/zh-hans/news/919567/" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-05T14:42:13+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-05T14:42:13+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 1, "body": "## 概述\n\n澳门海关（葡萄牙语：Serviços de Alfândega de Macau，缩写：SA；英语：Macao Customs）是澳门特别行政区政府部门，负责海关监管、口岸通关与缉私等事务。[^s1]海关关长为澳门政府主要官员，需要由澳门行政长官提名，报请中华人民共和国中央人民政府任命或罢免。[^s1]现任关长为何浩瀚。[^s2][^s3]\n\n## 历史沿革\n\n澳门海关成立于2001年11月1日，前身为水警稽查局；每年11月6日为纪念日，即海关日。[^s1]其前身可追溯至1822年成立的港务局、1841年的港口警察、1862年的海事警察，1957年港口警察及稽查警察合并为水警稽查队，1975年起由澳门保安部队统一指挥，1999年12月20日易名水警稽查局。[^s1]2001年撤销水警稽查局成立澳门海关，海关行使水警稽查队全部职能，亦行使原经济局（打击侵权）及劳工事务局（打击黑工）部分职能。[^s1]何浩瀚于2024年12月20日就任海关关长。[^s2]\n\n## 主要职能\n\n澳门海关负责口岸海关监管、通关便利、打击走私与侵权、维护国家安全等工作，致力推进口岸“三通”提质增效，运用大数据、人工智能等科技手段强化监管，配合横琴粤澳深度合作区与粤港澳大湾区发展。[^s1][^s3]\n\n## 组织结构\n\n澳门海关设关长一人，助理关长两人，现任助理关长为叶华钊、吴嘉慧。[^s1]下设若干厅处，具体编制见组织法规。[^s1]\n\n## 现任负责人\n\n关长：何浩瀚（2024年12月20日起任职，由国务院任命）。[^s2][^s3]\n\n## 总部与联系方式\n\n总部设于澳门海关总部。官方网站：www.customs.gov.mo。详细地址与联系方式见澳门特别行政区政府入口网站。[^s1]\n\n## 来源\n\n- 维基百科「澳门海关」条目。[^s1]\n- 澳门特别行政区政府入口网站国务院任命第六届政府主要官员新闻。[^s2]\n- 澳门特别行政区政府入口网站海关关长何浩瀚新闻。[^s3]", "url": "/organizations/macau-customs.html", "lang": "id", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh" ], "orgKind": "政府机构" }, { "id": "person_claire-valdez", "type": "person", "title": "克莱尔·巴尔德斯", "slug": "claire-valdez", "aliases": [ "Claire Valdez" ], "summary": "克莱尔·巴尔德斯（Claire Valdez）是美国民主党政治人物，纽约州第7选区联邦众议员，2026年当选新当选，任期自2027年1月起。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history" ], "tags": [], "sources": [ { "id": "ap", "title": "Associated Press election results: New York (NY) U.S. House", "url": "https://apnews.com/projects/elections-2026/?ap_doc=ap%2Fsh1%2F20261103%2Fl%2FNY" }, { "id": "pw", "title": "New York U.S. House Election Results 2026 | Live（Poliwave）", "url": "https://www.poliwave.com/us/live/midterms-2026/new-york/house" }, { "id": "cv", "title": "Claire Valdez for Congress", "url": "https://clairevaldezforcongress.com/" }, { "id": "bio1", "title": "克莱尔·巴尔德斯（英文维基百科）", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claire_Valdez" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-05T11:41:50+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-05T12:04:45+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 2, "body": "## 生平与简历\n\n克莱尔·巴尔德斯（Claire Valdez）是美国民主党政治人物，此前为纽约州众议员、工会组织者，曾在哥伦比亚大学任职并加入美国汽车工人联合会地方分会[^cv]。\n\n## 早年与教育\n\n克莱尔·巴尔德斯1989年10月12日生于得克萨斯州拉伯克，伊斯莱塔·德尔苏尔普韦布洛双重公民身份；芝加哥艺术学院绘画与艺术史美术学士。[^bio1]\n\n## 职业与从政经历\n\n巴尔德斯曾在 Taco Bell、必胜客、Trader Joe's 等从事服务业工作，2015年移居纽约，后任雕塑中心运营人员与哥伦比亚大学视觉艺术项目助理，加入美国汽车工人联合会 Local 2110 并任谈判委员会成员与分会主席，2019年加入纽约市民主社会主义者组织；2025年1月1日起任纽约州众议员第37选区议员。[^bio1]\n\n## 主要事迹与主张\n\n巴尔德斯竞选主张包括向富人征税、保护租户与赋权劳动者；在州众议院与工会任职期间关注劳工权益议题。[^bio1]\n\n## 2026年当选\n\n在2026年11月3日举行的美国中期选举中，克莱尔·巴尔德斯当选美国众议院议员，代表纽约州第7选区，任期自2027年1月起；美联社已宣布该选区结果[^ap]。得票率约83.3%，对手为梅尔文·里韦拉（Melvin Rivera，约15.0%）[^pw]。\n\n注：得票率为非正式计票约数，最终以官方认证结果为准。", "url": "/people/claire-valdez.html", "lang": "id", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh" ], "occupations": [ "联邦众议员" ] }, { "id": "ich_folk_33", "type": "work", "title": "永定河传说", "slug": "yongdinghe-chuanshuo", "summary": "流传于北京永定河沿岸的传说群，以母亲河为背景，列入第二批国家级非物质文化遗产名录（民间文学，编号Ⅰ-33）。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history" ], "tags": [], "sources": [ { "id": "ss1", "title": "国务院关于公布第二批国家级非物质文化遗产名录的通知", "url": "https://www.gov.cn/gongbao/content/2008/content_1025937.htm" }, { "id": "ss2", "title": "北京文旅：永定河，一条古老大河的涅槃", "url": "https://www.visitbeijing.com.cn/article/47QlMuRdW8t" }, { "id": "ss3", "title": "凤凰网：“永定河传说”数字文化艺术展", "url": "https://feng.ifeng.com/c/8xM1BRyLAu8" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-03T15:48:42+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-03T15:48:42+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 1, "body": "## 简介\n永定河传说是流传于北京市永定河沿岸的民间传说群。永定河被称为北京的母亲河，在北京地区自西北向东南蜿蜒约一百七十公里，流经门头沟、石景山、丰台等区，沿岸百姓围绕这条大河创作并传讲了众多传说，列入第二批国家级非物质文化遗产名录，民间文学类，编号Ⅰ-33。[^s1]\n\n## 历史渊源\n永定河上游称桑干河、洋河，历史上水势桀骜、屡屡泛滥，沿岸人民在治水、防洪、引水灌溉的长期实践中积累了丰富的经验与记忆，也生发出与河神、桥梁、渡口、村落由来有关的传说。永定河流域上游的涿鹿地区还是黄帝、炎帝与蚩尤传说的流传地，使这条河流的传说传统格外深厚。[^s2]\n\n## 主要内容与特点\n永定河传说是一个传说群而非单一故事，题材包括治水防洪、建桥修渠、寺庙村落的由来等，故事多系于沿岸具体的河段、桥梁与地名。近年来在石景山功碑阁举办的“永定河传说”数字文化艺术展，即从中精选了四十个代表性故事加以呈现，可见这一传说群内容之丰富。[^s3]传说语言质朴，寄托了沿岸百姓对母亲河的敬畏与亲近。\n\n## 传承与保护现状\n永定河传说已被列入国家级非物质文化遗产名录。北京市有关区通过展览、出版与流域文化活动等方式整理传播这一传说群，永定河文化带建设也为传说传统的保护提供了新的平台，沿岸的传说讲述仍在社区与学校中延续。[^s1]", "url": "/works/yongdinghe-chuanshuo.html", "lang": "id", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh" ], "workKind": "other" }, { "id": "ich_folk_44", "type": "work", "title": "鲁班传说", "slug": "lu-ban-chuan-shuo", "summary": "鲁班传说是流传于山东曲阜、滕州一带的民间传说，讲述工匠祖师鲁班的事迹与发明，2008年列入第二批国家级非物质文化遗产代表性项目名录（Ⅰ-44）。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history" ], "tags": [], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "国务院关于公布第二批国家级非物质文化遗产名录的通知 - 中国非物质文化遗产网", "url": "https://www.ihchina.cn/zhengce_details/11664.html" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "滕州非遗丨国家级非物质文化遗产代表性项目名录——《鲁班传说》", "url": "https://www.sohu.com/a/736044317_121117469" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-03T15:38:43+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-03T15:38:43+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 1, "body": "## 简介\n\n鲁班传说流传于山东省曲阜市、滕州市，2008年列入第二批国家级非物质文化遗产代表性项目名录，项目编号Ⅰ-44，类别为民间文学。鲁班姓公输，名般，春秋战国时期鲁国人，被后世尊为工匠祖师、巧圣[^s2]。\n\n## 历史渊源\n\n鲁班出身工匠世家，从小跟随家人参加土木建筑工程劳动，逐渐掌握生产劳动技能。传说中他关注民生，为了减轻人民的劳动强度、提高生产效益，发明创造了锯、刨、墨斗、曲尺、圆规、凿等工用器具，以及碾、磨、风箱、伞等生活器具[^s2]。\n\n## 主要内容与特点\n\n鲁班传说的内容十分丰富，既有鲁班发明创造的故事，也有他授徒传艺、与同行切磋技艺的故事，还有以鲁班锁、云梯、木鹊等为题材的机智故事。传说塑造了一个心灵手巧、勤劳智慧、乐于助人的工匠形象，体现了古代劳动人民对技艺精进与造福民生的推崇。\n\n## 传承与保护现状\n\n曲阜市文化馆、滕州市文化馆等作为保护单位，曲阜鲁班研究会等社会组织亦长期开展鲁班文化研究与传说搜集工作[^s2]。鲁班传说作为国家级非物质文化遗产代表性项目，与鲁班锁等相关技艺一道得到系统性保护，工匠精神在当代得到弘扬。", "url": "/works/lu-ban-chuan-shuo.html", "lang": "id", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh" ], "workKind": "other" }, { "id": "concept_piyi", "type": "concept", "title": "皮艺", "slug": "piyi", "summary": "皮艺是国家级非物质文化遗产代表性项目（Ⅶ-139），子项为蒙古族皮艺，以内蒙古12个盟市为主要分布区域的蒙古高原传统手工艺。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history" ], "tags": [], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "皮艺（蒙古族皮艺） - 中国非物质文化遗产网", "url": "https://www.ihchina.cn/project_details/23554.html" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-03T15:27:41+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-03T15:27:41+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 1, "body": "## 简介\n\n皮艺是国家级非物质文化遗产代表性项目，项目编号Ⅶ-139，类别为传统美术，2021年列入第五批国家级非物质文化遗产代表性项目名录[^s1]。主要子项为内蒙古自治区呼和浩特市的蒙古族皮艺，保护单位为呼和浩特市文化艺术研究院（呼和浩特市非物质文化遗产保护中心）[^s1]。\n\n## 历史渊源\n\n蒙古族皮艺是蒙古高原居民喜闻乐见、经常运用的一种传统手工艺文化表现形式，历史悠久。在古代，动物皮因轻便、耐磨、防潮，成为游牧民族抵御严寒、防护伪装的生活必需品；清代康熙年间，大批汉族民众移居到草原，使草原文化中开始融入农耕文化因素，在两种文化的共同推进和相互作用下，多元素的皮艺生活用具开始出现[^s1]。其分布较为广泛，以内蒙古自治区的12个盟市为主要分布区域，在陕西、西藏、新疆、青海乃至海外其他国家和地区亦有分布[^s1]。\n\n## 主要内容与特点\n\n蒙古族皮艺选材严格、工艺严谨、制作复杂，含选皮、润湿、描绘踏图、敲压轮廓、染色、镶嵌填充6个步骤[^s1]。其中镶嵌填充需在皮面钻出大小、形状吻合装饰物的钻孔，将珠宝、金属或其他装饰材料镶嵌粘贴在对应的钻孔内，或者在皮革做好的皮雕画面上找出需要做的立体层次部位，从皮革背面找准位置粘贴填充物，使其达到预期的立体效果[^s1]。代表性作品种类较多，大多与生活息息相关，有皮毛服饰、皮制箭囊、皮壶、皮雕镶嵌的马鞍、皮包、皮箱、皮画等，代表性作品有皮雕画《白文殊菩萨》、皮艺作品《乌兰牧骑》《草原歌盛世》等[^s1]。\n\n## 传承与保护现状\n\n蒙古族皮艺通过师徒方式传承，有记载的传承谱系至今已有六代[^s1]。政府十分重视其保护传承，建立非遗传习基地，积极开展传承人研修研习培训计划，加强传承人培养；支持组建研学团队，开展项目体验，组织传承人开展公益讲座，积极宣传推广[^s1]。目前，该项目存续状况较好，学徒和从业人员达上万人[^s1]。蒙古族皮艺承载了游牧文化的生活印记，蕴含草原皮艺文化的历史变迁，体现了文化的多元性特征，对探寻皮艺发展历史、探索文化融合规律具有重要意义[^s1]。", "url": "/concepts/piyi.html", "lang": "id", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh" ], "conceptKind": "intangible_heritage" }, { "id": "event_bian_e_xisu", "type": "event", "title": "匾额习俗", "slug": "bian-e-xisu", "aliases": [ "赣南客家匾额习俗" ], "summary": "匾额习俗即赣南客家匾额习俗，是江西省会昌县客家民间悬挂匾额的传统礼俗，2014年列入第四批国家级非物质文化遗产代表性项目名录。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history" ], "tags": [], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "匾额习俗（赣南客家匾额习俗） - 中国非物质文化遗产网", "url": "https://www.ihchina.cn/project_details/15321/" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "读城记|客家文化绽芳华 - 赣县区人民政府", "url": "https://www.ganxian.gov.cn/gxqxxgk/c110708/202507/044f8a7cdc75410bac693e2cc7aef85a.shtml" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-03T15:26:15+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-03T15:26:15+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 1, "body": "## 简介\n\n匾额习俗即赣南客家匾额习俗，是赣南客家民间悬挂匾额的传统礼俗。该项目编号为Ⅹ-151，类别为民俗，申报地区为江西省会昌县，保护单位为会昌县文化馆（会昌县非物质文化遗产保护中心），于2014年列入第四批国家级非物质文化遗产代表性项目名录[^s1]。赣南作为客家先民中原南迁首站，素有“客家摇篮”之美誉；赣南客家匾额习俗流传于会昌、上犹、于都等地，其中会昌县的匾额习俗尤为突出，历史积淀深厚，存续状态良好，特色鲜明[^s1][^s2]。\n\n## 历史渊源\n\n赣南客家匾额习俗的形成与北方士族南迁紧密相连，随着时间推移，在赣南地区落地生根，遍布各县[^s1]。北宋太平兴国七年（982年）会昌正式置县，自那时起，悬挂匾额的习俗便在此扎根[^s1]。客家匾额起源于传统祠堂建筑，祠堂内的祖先牌位、堂号以及功名匾、寿匾等，都凝聚着深厚的客家文化内涵[^s1]。这些匾额历史悠久、影响深远、寓意深刻，淋漓尽致地展现了赣南客家民俗追根溯源、崇尚文化教育、积极投身社会的文化特质[^s1]。\n\n## 主要内容与特点\n\n在民间宗祠，挂匾有一套严谨且传承至今的程序：首先，有挂匾需求的家庭或个人提出申请，明确表达挂匾意愿与目的；接着通过传统方式择吉日良辰；随后确定匾额的内容、字体、材质等细节；挂匾前要游匾，在一定范围内展示游行；然后举行祭匾仪式，向祖先和神灵表达敬意；再揭开覆盖物，正式展示匾额内容；完成挂匾这一关键环节后，举办酒席，邀请亲朋好友共同庆祝[^s1]。挂匾仪式包括定匾、游匾、祭匾、揭匾、挂匾、办酒席等一套程序[^s2]。会昌县的“百匾堂”展出130多幅具有代表性的民间匾额，多出自明清时期的名人、朝廷大臣以及进士、举人，还有历任会昌知县等之手；从内容考释，可大致分为祠宇府第、科举教泽、功德名望、慈贤孝节、福禄寿庆五类[^s1]。匾额象征着主人的品格与理想，承载着敦亲睦族、弘扬孝道的使命。\n\n## 传承与保护现状\n\n赣南客家匾额习俗具有启迪后人、催人奋进的积极作用，对维护家庭、宗族和地方社会稳定发挥着不可忽视的作用；许多客家匾额是书法艺术的珍贵载体，还装饰着艺术雕刻，雅俗共赏，具有一定的艺术和历史研究价值[^s1]。如今，会昌县在推进乡村振兴与文旅融合的过程中，注重挖掘与保护此类非物质文化遗产，通过展示、体验与研究，让古老的匾额习俗在当代焕发新的文化活力，也成为连接过去与未来、凝聚乡土情感的重要载体。", "url": "/events/bian-e-xisu.html", "lang": "id", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh" ], "eventKind": "culture" } ], "lang": "id", "pagination": { "page": 415, "pageSize": 50, "total": 81126, 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