{
  "contentStorage": "postgres",
  "title": "knowledge",
  "description": "Read people, places, events, organizations, works, and concepts through sourced relations.",
  "url": "/id/index-164.html",
  "entities": [
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      "rankingTiers": [
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          "id": "physics",
          "label": "诺贝尔物理学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "chemistry",
          "label": "诺贝尔化学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "medicine",
          "label": "诺贝尔生理学或医学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "literature",
          "label": "诺贝尔文学奖"
        }
      ],
      "rankingColumns": [
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          "key": "motivation",
          "label": "获奖理由"
        },
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      ],
      "rankingEntries": [
        {
          "name": "阿尔弗雷德·卡斯特勒",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_87",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for the discovery and development of optical methods for studying Hertzian resonances in atoms"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "École Normale Supérieure"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "罗伯特·S·马利肯",
          "tier": "chemistry",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_232",
          "sourceId": "s2",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his fundamental work concerning chemical bonds and the electronic structure of molecules by the molecular orbital method"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "University of Chicago"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "裴顿·劳斯",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_383",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his discovery of tumour-inducing viruses"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Rockefeller University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "查尔斯·布兰顿·哈金斯",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_384",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his discoveries concerning hormonal treatment of prostatic cancer"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "University of Chicago, Ben May Laboratory for Cancer Research"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "萨缪尔·约瑟夫·阿格农",
          "tier": "literature",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_639",
          "sourceId": "s4",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his profoundly characteristic narrative art with motifs from the life of the Jewish people"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "内莉·萨克斯",
          "tier": "literature",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_640",
          "sourceId": "s4",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for her outstanding lyrical and dramatic writing, which interprets Israel's destiny with touching strength"
            }
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      "id": "work_nobel_prize_1966",
      "type": "work",
      "title": "1966 年诺贝尔奖",
      "slug": "nobel-prize-1966",
      "aliases": [
        "Nobel Prize 1966",
        "1966诺贝尔奖"
      ],
      "summary": "1966 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 4 个奖项、6 位得主，获奖名单在 1966-10-13 至 1966-11-03 陆续公布：诺贝尔物理学奖 1 位，诺贝尔化学奖 1 位，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 2 位，诺贝尔文学奖 2 位。",
      "status": "published",
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        "category-awards"
      ],
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        "tag-nobel-prize"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "s1",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1966",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1966/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s2",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1966",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1966/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s3",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1966",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1966/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s4",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1966",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1966/summary/"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00",
      "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:30:22+08:00",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 4,
      "body": "**1966 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 1966-10-13 至 1966-11-03 陆续公布[^s1]。\n\n## 本年度获奖情况\n\n| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |\n| --- | --- | ---: |\n| 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 1966-11-03 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔化学奖 | 1966-11-03 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 | 1966-10-13 | 2 |\n| 诺贝尔文学奖 | 1966-10-20 | 2 |\n\n得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]、[[organization_nobel_foundation|诺贝尔基金会]]",
      "url": "/works/nobel-prize-1966.html",
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        "zh",
        "en"
      ],
      "workKind": "ranking_list",
      "published": {
        "year": 1966,
        "precision": "year"
      },
      "language": "中文"
    },
    {
      "rankingTiers": [
        {
          "id": "physics",
          "label": "诺贝尔物理学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "chemistry",
          "label": "诺贝尔化学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "medicine",
          "label": "诺贝尔生理学或医学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "literature",
          "label": "诺贝尔文学奖"
        }
      ],
      "rankingColumns": [
        {
          "key": "motivation",
          "label": "获奖理由"
        },
        {
          "key": "affiliation",
          "label": "获奖时所属机构"
        }
      ],
      "rankingEntries": [
        {
          "name": "朝永振一郎",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_84",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their fundamental work in quantum electrodynamics, with deep-ploughing consequences for the physics of elementary particles"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Tokyo University of Education"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "朱利安·施温格",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_85",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their fundamental work in quantum electrodynamics, with deep-ploughing consequences for the physics of elementary particles"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Harvard University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "理查德·费曼",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_86",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their fundamental work in quantum electrodynamics, with deep-ploughing consequences for the physics of elementary particles"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "California Institute of Technology (Caltech)"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "罗伯特·伯恩斯·伍德沃德",
          "tier": "chemistry",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_231",
          "sourceId": "s2",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his outstanding achievements in the art of organic synthesis"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Harvard University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "弗朗索瓦·雅各布",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_380",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their discoveries concerning genetic control of enzyme and virus synthesis"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Institut Pasteur"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "安德列·利沃夫",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_381",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their discoveries concerning genetic control of enzyme and virus synthesis"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Institut Pasteur"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "贾克·莫诺",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_382",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their discoveries concerning genetic control of enzyme and virus synthesis"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Institut Pasteur"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "米哈依尔·肖洛霍夫",
          "tier": "literature",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_638",
          "sourceId": "s4",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for the artistic power and integrity with which, in his epic of the Don, he has given expression to a historic phase in the life of the Russian people"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "id": "work_nobel_prize_1965",
      "type": "work",
      "title": "1965 年诺贝尔奖",
      "slug": "nobel-prize-1965",
      "aliases": [
        "Nobel Prize 1965",
        "1965诺贝尔奖"
      ],
      "summary": "1965 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 4 个奖项、8 位得主，获奖名单在 1965-10-14 至 1965-10-21 陆续公布：诺贝尔物理学奖 3 位，诺贝尔化学奖 1 位，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 3 位，诺贝尔文学奖 1 位。",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-awards"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-nobel-prize"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "s1",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1965",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1965/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s2",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1965",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1965/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s3",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1965",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1965/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s4",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1965",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1965/summary/"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00",
      "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:30:18+08:00",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 4,
      "body": "**1965 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 1965-10-14 至 1965-10-21 陆续公布[^s1]。\n\n## 本年度获奖情况\n\n| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |\n| --- | --- | ---: |\n| 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 1965-10-21 | 3 |\n| 诺贝尔化学奖 | 1965-10-21 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 | 1965-10-14 | 3 |\n| 诺贝尔文学奖 | 1965-10-15 | 1 |\n\n得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]、[[organization_nobel_foundation|诺贝尔基金会]]",
      "url": "/works/nobel-prize-1965.html",
      "lang": "id",
      "fallback": true,
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh",
        "en"
      ],
      "workKind": "ranking_list",
      "published": {
        "year": 1965,
        "precision": "year"
      },
      "language": "中文"
    },
    {
      "rankingTiers": [
        {
          "id": "physics",
          "label": "诺贝尔物理学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "chemistry",
          "label": "诺贝尔化学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "medicine",
          "label": "诺贝尔生理学或医学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "literature",
          "label": "诺贝尔文学奖"
        }
      ],
      "rankingColumns": [
        {
          "key": "motivation",
          "label": "获奖理由"
        },
        {
          "key": "affiliation",
          "label": "获奖时所属机构"
        }
      ],
      "rankingEntries": [
        {
          "name": "查尔斯·汤斯",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_81",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for fundamental work in the field of quantum electronics, which has led to the construction of oscillators and amplifiers based on the maser-laser principle"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "尼古拉·巴索夫",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_82",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for fundamental work in the field of quantum electronics, which has led to the construction of oscillators and amplifiers based on the maser-laser principle"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "亚历山大·普罗霍罗夫",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_83",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for fundamental work in the field of quantum electronics, which has led to the construction of oscillators and amplifiers based on the maser-laser principle"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "多萝西·克劳福特·霍奇金",
          "tier": "chemistry",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_230",
          "sourceId": "s2",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for her determinations by X-ray techniques of the structures of important biochemical substances"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "University of Oxford, Royal Society"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "康拉德·布洛赫",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_378",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their discoveries concerning the mechanism and regulation of the cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Harvard University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "费奥多尔·吕嫩",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_379",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their discoveries concerning the mechanism and regulation of the cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Max-Planck-Institut für Zellchemie"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "让-保罗·萨特",
          "tier": "literature",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_637",
          "sourceId": "s4",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his work which, rich in ideas and filled with the spirit of freedom and the quest for truth, has exerted a far-reaching influence on our age"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "id": "work_nobel_prize_1964",
      "type": "work",
      "title": "1964 年诺贝尔奖",
      "slug": "nobel-prize-1964",
      "aliases": [
        "Nobel Prize 1964",
        "1964诺贝尔奖"
      ],
      "summary": "1964 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 4 个奖项、7 位得主，获奖名单在 1964-10-15 至 1964-10-29 陆续公布：诺贝尔物理学奖 3 位，诺贝尔化学奖 1 位，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 2 位，诺贝尔文学奖 1 位。",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-awards"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-nobel-prize"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "s1",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1964",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1964/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s2",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1964",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1964/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s3",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1964",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1964/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s4",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1964",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1964/summary/"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00",
      "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:30:14+08:00",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 4,
      "body": "**1964 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 1964-10-15 至 1964-10-29 陆续公布[^s1]。\n\n## 本年度获奖情况\n\n| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |\n| --- | --- | ---: |\n| 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 1964-10-29 | 3 |\n| 诺贝尔化学奖 | 1964-10-29 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 | 1964-10-15 | 2 |\n| 诺贝尔文学奖 | 1964-10-22 | 1 |\n\n得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]、[[organization_nobel_foundation|诺贝尔基金会]]",
      "url": "/works/nobel-prize-1964.html",
      "lang": "id",
      "fallback": true,
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh",
        "en"
      ],
      "workKind": "ranking_list",
      "published": {
        "year": 1964,
        "precision": "year"
      },
      "language": "中文"
    },
    {
      "rankingTiers": [
        {
          "id": "physics",
          "label": "诺贝尔物理学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "chemistry",
          "label": "诺贝尔化学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "medicine",
          "label": "诺贝尔生理学或医学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "literature",
          "label": "诺贝尔文学奖"
        }
      ],
      "rankingColumns": [
        {
          "key": "motivation",
          "label": "获奖理由"
        },
        {
          "key": "affiliation",
          "label": "获奖时所属机构"
        }
      ],
      "rankingEntries": [
        {
          "name": "尤金·维格纳",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_78",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his contributions to the theory of the atomic nucleus and the elementary particles, particularly through the discovery and application of fundamental symmetry principles"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Princeton University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "玛丽亚·格佩特-梅耶",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_79",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their discoveries concerning nuclear shell structure"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "University of California"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "约翰内斯·延森",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_80",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their discoveries concerning nuclear shell structure"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "University of Heidelberg"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "卡尔·齐格勒",
          "tier": "chemistry",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_228",
          "sourceId": "s2",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their discoveries in the field of the chemistry and technology of high polymers"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "居里奥·纳塔",
          "tier": "chemistry",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_229",
          "sourceId": "s2",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their discoveries in the field of the chemistry and technology of high polymers"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Institute of Technology"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "约翰·卡鲁·埃克尔斯",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_375",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their discoveries concerning the ionic mechanisms involved in excitation and inhibition in the peripheral and central portions of the nerve cell membrane"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Australian National University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "艾伦·劳埃德·霍奇金",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_376",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their discoveries concerning the ionic mechanisms involved in excitation and inhibition in the peripheral and central portions of the nerve cell membrane"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "University of Cambridge"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "安德鲁·赫胥黎",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_377",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their discoveries concerning the ionic mechanisms involved in excitation and inhibition in the peripheral and central portions of the nerve cell membrane"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "University College"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "乔治·塞菲里斯",
          "tier": "literature",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_635",
          "sourceId": "s4",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his eminent lyrical writing, inspired by a deep feeling for the Hellenic world of culture"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "id": "work_nobel_prize_1963",
      "type": "work",
      "title": "1963 年诺贝尔奖",
      "slug": "nobel-prize-1963",
      "aliases": [
        "Nobel Prize 1963",
        "1963诺贝尔奖"
      ],
      "summary": "1963 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 4 个奖项、9 位得主，获奖名单在 1963-10-17 至 1963-11-05 陆续公布：诺贝尔物理学奖 3 位，诺贝尔化学奖 2 位，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 3 位，诺贝尔文学奖 1 位。",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-awards"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-nobel-prize"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "s1",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1963",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1963/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s2",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1963",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1963/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s3",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1963",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1963/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s4",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1963",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1963/summary/"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00",
      "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:30:11+08:00",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 4,
      "body": "**1963 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 1963-10-17 至 1963-11-05 陆续公布[^s1]。\n\n## 本年度获奖情况\n\n| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |\n| --- | --- | ---: |\n| 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 1963-11-05 | 3 |\n| 诺贝尔化学奖 | 1963-11-05 | 2 |\n| 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 | 1963-10-17 | 3 |\n| 诺贝尔文学奖 | 1963-10-24 | 1 |\n\n得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]、[[organization_nobel_foundation|诺贝尔基金会]]",
      "url": "/works/nobel-prize-1963.html",
      "lang": "id",
      "fallback": true,
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh",
        "en"
      ],
      "workKind": "ranking_list",
      "published": {
        "year": 1963,
        "precision": "year"
      },
      "language": "中文"
    },
    {
      "id": "organization_shueisha",
      "type": "organization",
      "title": "集英社",
      "slug": "shueisha",
      "aliases": [
        "株式会社集英社",
        "Shueisha",
        "SHUEISHA Inc."
      ],
      "summary": "集英社是1926年由小学馆娱乐杂志部门独立而成、总部位于东京都千代田区一ツ橋的日本综合出版社，发行《週刊少年ジャンプ》等杂志。",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-literature",
        "category-acg"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-publishing"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "s1",
          "title": "集英社",
          "author": "Wikipedia 日本語版",
          "url": "https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/集英社",
          "locator": "2026-11-01 访问"
        },
        {
          "id": "s2",
          "title": "小学館",
          "author": "Wikipedia 日本語版",
          "url": "https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/小学館",
          "locator": "2026-11-01 访问"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-11-01T03:28:52+08:00",
      "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:30:08+08:00",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 2,
      "body": "**集英社**（株式会社集英社，SHUEISHA Inc.）是1926年在[[place_japan_pref_tokyo|东京]]创业的日本综合出版社，社名意为“英知汇集”[^s1]。\n\n## 沿革\n\n1925年，[[organization_shogakukan|小学馆]]的娱乐杂志出版部门开始使用“集英社”商号；1926年该部门由相贺武夫从小学馆分离创业[^s1]。1941年至1946年因太平洋战争停业，1947年为出版山川惣治的纸画剧（紙芝居）《少年王者》单行本，以合资会社形式恢复营业；1949年改组为株式会社集英社[^s1]。1952年迁入独立社屋，此后与小学馆分离业务[^s1]。\n\n## 职能与业务\n\n该社发行《週刊少年ジャンプ》（1968年创刊）、《りぼん》、《週刊プレイボーイ》、《non-no》、《すばる》、《Myojo》等杂志，并出版文艺书、漫画单行本、辞典和儿童书等[^s1]。1976年为纪念创业50周年设立“すばる文学賞”[^s1]。2005年与小学馆等共同出资组建VIZ Media，2008年出资小学馆制作，组成小学館集英社プロダクション[^s1]。\n\n## 现状\n\n小学馆为该社第一大股东（持股50%），两社同属“一ツ橋集团”；小学馆后来也进入娱乐出版，两社拥有许多相互竞争的杂志[^s1]。2025年5月期营收为2292亿2200万日元，净利润为194亿6200万日元；2025年8月员工749人[^s1]。",
      "url": "/organizations/shueisha.html",
      "lang": "id",
      "fallback": true,
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh"
      ],
      "orgKind": "publisher",
      "founded": {
        "year": 1926,
        "month": 8,
        "precision": "month",
        "display": "1926年8月"
      },
      "orgStatus": "active",
      "headquartersNote": "日本东京都千代田区一ツ橋二丁目5番10号"
    },
    {
      "rankingTiers": [
        {
          "id": "physics",
          "label": "诺贝尔物理学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "chemistry",
          "label": "诺贝尔化学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "medicine",
          "label": "诺贝尔生理学或医学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "literature",
          "label": "诺贝尔文学奖"
        }
      ],
      "rankingColumns": [
        {
          "key": "motivation",
          "label": "获奖理由"
        },
        {
          "key": "affiliation",
          "label": "获奖时所属机构"
        }
      ],
      "rankingEntries": [
        {
          "name": "列夫·朗道",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_77",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his pioneering theories for condensed matter, especially liquid helium"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Academy of Sciences"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "马克斯·佩鲁茨",
          "tier": "chemistry",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_226",
          "sourceId": "s2",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their studies of the structures of globular proteins"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "约翰·肯德鲁",
          "tier": "chemistry",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_227",
          "sourceId": "s2",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their studies of the structures of globular proteins"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "弗朗西斯·克里克",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_372",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nucleic acids and its significance for information transfer in living material"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "詹姆斯·杜威·沃森",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_373",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nucleic acids and its significance for information transfer in living material"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Harvard University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "莫里斯·威尔金斯",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_374",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nucleic acids and its significance for information transfer in living material"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "London University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "约翰·斯坦贝克",
          "tier": "literature",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_634",
          "sourceId": "s4",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his realistic and imaginative writings, combining as they do sympathetic humour and keen social perception"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "id": "work_nobel_prize_1962",
      "type": "work",
      "title": "1962 年诺贝尔奖",
      "slug": "nobel-prize-1962",
      "aliases": [
        "Nobel Prize 1962",
        "1962诺贝尔奖"
      ],
      "summary": "1962 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 4 个奖项、7 位得主，获奖名单在 1962-10-05 至 1962-11-01 陆续公布：诺贝尔物理学奖 1 位，诺贝尔化学奖 2 位，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 3 位，诺贝尔文学奖 1 位。",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-awards"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-nobel-prize"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "s1",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1962",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1962/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s2",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1962",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1962/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s3",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1962",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1962/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s4",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1962",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1962/summary/"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00",
      "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:30:06+08:00",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 4,
      "body": "**1962 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 1962-10-05 至 1962-11-01 陆续公布[^s1]。\n\n## 本年度获奖情况\n\n| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |\n| --- | --- | ---: |\n| 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 1962-11-01 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔化学奖 | 1962-11-01 | 2 |\n| 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 | 1962-10-18 | 3 |\n| 诺贝尔文学奖 | 1962-10-05 | 1 |\n\n得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]、[[organization_nobel_foundation|诺贝尔基金会]]",
      "url": "/works/nobel-prize-1962.html",
      "lang": "id",
      "fallback": true,
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh",
        "en"
      ],
      "workKind": "ranking_list",
      "published": {
        "year": 1962,
        "precision": "year"
      },
      "language": "中文"
    },
    {
      "rankingTiers": [
        {
          "id": "physics",
          "label": "诺贝尔物理学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "chemistry",
          "label": "诺贝尔化学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "medicine",
          "label": "诺贝尔生理学或医学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "literature",
          "label": "诺贝尔文学奖"
        }
      ],
      "rankingColumns": [
        {
          "key": "motivation",
          "label": "获奖理由"
        },
        {
          "key": "affiliation",
          "label": "获奖时所属机构"
        }
      ],
      "rankingEntries": [
        {
          "name": "罗伯特·霍夫施塔特",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_75",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his pioneering studies of electron scattering in atomic nuclei and for his thereby achieved discoveries concerning the structure of the nucleons"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Stanford University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "鲁道夫·穆斯堡尔",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_76",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his researches concerning the resonance absorption of gamma radiation and his discovery in this connection of the effect which bears his name"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Technical University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "梅尔文·卡尔文",
          "tier": "chemistry",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_225",
          "sourceId": "s2",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his research on the carbon dioxide assimilation in plants"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "University of California"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "盖欧尔格·冯·贝凯希",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_371",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his discoveries of the physical mechanism of stimulation within the cochlea"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Harvard University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "伊沃·安德里奇",
          "tier": "literature",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_633",
          "sourceId": "s4",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for the epic force with which he has traced themes and depicted human destinies drawn from the history of his country"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "id": "work_nobel_prize_1961",
      "type": "work",
      "title": "1961 年诺贝尔奖",
      "slug": "nobel-prize-1961",
      "aliases": [
        "Nobel Prize 1961",
        "1961诺贝尔奖"
      ],
      "summary": "1961 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 4 个奖项、5 位得主，获奖名单在 1961-10-19 至 1961-11-02 陆续公布：诺贝尔物理学奖 2 位，诺贝尔化学奖 1 位，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 1 位，诺贝尔文学奖 1 位。",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-awards"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-nobel-prize"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "s1",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1961",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1961/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s2",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1961",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1961/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s3",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1961",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1961/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s4",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1961",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1961/summary/"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00",
      "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:30:01+08:00",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 4,
      "body": "**1961 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 1961-10-19 至 1961-11-02 陆续公布[^s1]。\n\n## 本年度获奖情况\n\n| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |\n| --- | --- | ---: |\n| 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 1961-11-02 | 2 |\n| 诺贝尔化学奖 | 1961-11-02 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 | 1961-10-19 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔文学奖 | 1961-10-26 | 1 |\n\n得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]、[[organization_nobel_foundation|诺贝尔基金会]]",
      "url": "/works/nobel-prize-1961.html",
      "lang": "id",
      "fallback": true,
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh",
        "en"
      ],
      "workKind": "ranking_list",
      "published": {
        "year": 1961,
        "precision": "year"
      },
      "language": "中文"
    },
    {
      "rankingTiers": [
        {
          "id": "physics",
          "label": "诺贝尔物理学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "chemistry",
          "label": "诺贝尔化学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "medicine",
          "label": "诺贝尔生理学或医学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "literature",
          "label": "诺贝尔文学奖"
        }
      ],
      "rankingColumns": [
        {
          "key": "motivation",
          "label": "获奖理由"
        },
        {
          "key": "affiliation",
          "label": "获奖时所属机构"
        }
      ],
      "rankingEntries": [
        {
          "name": "唐纳德·格拉泽",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_74",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for the invention of the bubble chamber"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "University of California"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "威拉得·利比",
          "tier": "chemistry",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_224",
          "sourceId": "s2",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his method to use carbon-14 for age determination in archaeology, geology, geophysics, and other branches of science"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "University of California"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "弗兰克·麦克法兰·伯内特",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_369",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for discovery of acquired immunological tolerance"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Walter and Eliza Hall Institute for Medical Research"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "彼得·梅达沃",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_370",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for discovery of acquired immunological tolerance"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "University College"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "圣琼·佩斯",
          "tier": "literature",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_631",
          "sourceId": "s4",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for the soaring flight and the evocative imagery of his poetry which in a visionary fashion reflects the conditions of our time"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "id": "work_nobel_prize_1960",
      "type": "work",
      "title": "1960 年诺贝尔奖",
      "slug": "nobel-prize-1960",
      "aliases": [
        "Nobel Prize 1960",
        "1960诺贝尔奖"
      ],
      "summary": "1960 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 4 个奖项、5 位得主，获奖名单在 1960-10-20 至 1960-11-03 陆续公布：诺贝尔物理学奖 1 位，诺贝尔化学奖 1 位，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 2 位，诺贝尔文学奖 1 位。",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-awards"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-nobel-prize"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "s1",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1960",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1960/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s2",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1960",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1960/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s3",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1960",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1960/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s4",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1960",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1960/summary/"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00",
      "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:29:57+08:00",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 4,
      "body": "**1960 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 1960-10-20 至 1960-11-03 陆续公布[^s1]。\n\n## 本年度获奖情况\n\n| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |\n| --- | --- | ---: |\n| 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 1960-11-03 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔化学奖 | 1960-11-03 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 | 1960-10-20 | 2 |\n| 诺贝尔文学奖 | 1960-10-26 | 1 |\n\n得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]、[[organization_nobel_foundation|诺贝尔基金会]]",
      "url": "/works/nobel-prize-1960.html",
      "lang": "id",
      "fallback": true,
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh",
        "en"
      ],
      "workKind": "ranking_list",
      "published": {
        "year": 1960,
        "precision": "year"
      },
      "language": "中文"
    },
    {
      "rankingTiers": [
        {
          "id": "physics",
          "label": "诺贝尔物理学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "chemistry",
          "label": "诺贝尔化学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "medicine",
          "label": "诺贝尔生理学或医学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "literature",
          "label": "诺贝尔文学奖"
        }
      ],
      "rankingColumns": [
        {
          "key": "motivation",
          "label": "获奖理由"
        },
        {
          "key": "affiliation",
          "label": "获奖时所属机构"
        }
      ],
      "rankingEntries": [
        {
          "name": "埃米利奥·塞格雷",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_72",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their discovery of the antiproton"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "University of California"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "欧文·张伯伦",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_73",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their discovery of the antiproton"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "University of California"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "雅罗斯拉夫·海罗夫斯基",
          "tier": "chemistry",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_223",
          "sourceId": "s2",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his discovery and development of the polarographic methods of analysis"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Polarographic Institute of the Czechoslovak Academy of Science"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "塞韦罗·奥乔亚",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_367",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their discovery of the mechanisms in the biological synthesis of ribonucleic acid and deoxyribonucleic acid"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "New York University, College of Medicine"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "阿瑟·科恩伯格",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_368",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their discovery of the mechanisms in the biological synthesis of ribonucleic acid and deoxyribonucleic acid"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Stanford University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "萨瓦多尔·夸西莫多",
          "tier": "literature",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_630",
          "sourceId": "s4",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his lyrical poetry, which with classical fire expresses the tragic experience of life in our own times"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "id": "work_nobel_prize_1959",
      "type": "work",
      "title": "1959 年诺贝尔奖",
      "slug": "nobel-prize-1959",
      "aliases": [
        "Nobel Prize 1959",
        "1959诺贝尔奖"
      ],
      "summary": "1959 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 4 个奖项、6 位得主，获奖名单在 1959-10-15 至 1959-10-26 陆续公布：诺贝尔物理学奖 2 位，诺贝尔化学奖 1 位，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 2 位，诺贝尔文学奖 1 位。",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-awards"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-nobel-prize"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "s1",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1959",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1959/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s2",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1959",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1959/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s3",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1959",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1959/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s4",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1959",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1959/summary/"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00",
      "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:29:51+08:00",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 4,
      "body": "**1959 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 1959-10-15 至 1959-10-26 陆续公布[^s1]。\n\n## 本年度获奖情况\n\n| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |\n| --- | --- | ---: |\n| 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 1959-10-26 | 2 |\n| 诺贝尔化学奖 | 1959-10-26 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 | 1959-10-15 | 2 |\n| 诺贝尔文学奖 | 1959-10-22 | 1 |\n\n得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]、[[organization_nobel_foundation|诺贝尔基金会]]",
      "url": "/works/nobel-prize-1959.html",
      "lang": "id",
      "fallback": true,
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh",
        "en"
      ],
      "workKind": "ranking_list",
      "published": {
        "year": 1959,
        "precision": "year"
      },
      "language": "中文"
    },
    {
      "id": "organization_kobunsha",
      "type": "organization",
      "title": "光文社",
      "slug": "kobunsha",
      "aliases": [
        "株式会社光文社",
        "Kobunsha",
        "Kobunsha Co., Ltd."
      ],
      "summary": "光文社是1945年创立、总部位于东京都文京区音羽的日本综合出版社，属以講談社为中心的音羽集团，以“カッパ・ブックス”和《女性自身》等知名。",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-literature"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-publishing",
        "tag-literature"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "s1",
          "title": "光文社",
          "author": "Wikipedia 日本語版",
          "url": "https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/光文社",
          "locator": "2026-11-01 访问"
        },
        {
          "id": "s2",
          "title": "講談社",
          "author": "Wikipedia 日本語版",
          "url": "https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/講談社",
          "locator": "2026-11-01 访问"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-11-01T03:29:48+08:00",
      "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:29:48+08:00",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 1,
      "body": "**光文社**（株式会社光文社，Kobunsha Co., Ltd.）是1945年10月1日在[[place_japan_pref_tokyo|东京]]创立的日本综合出版社，属以[[organization_kodansha|講談社]]为中心的“音羽集团”[^s1]。\n\n## 沿革\n\n光文社起源于1944年7月15日应陆军报道部要求作为講談社关系企业设立的“日本報道社”[^s1]。1945年战后，講談社成为出版界追究战争责任的主要对象，其经营层为防万一组建了光文社；講談社社史记为1945年9月5日以变更日本報道社章程的方式设立[^s1]。同年11月创刊综合月刊《光》，开始出版活动[^s1]。\n\n神吉晴夫与初代总编辑加藤一夫使该社接连推出畅销书；1954年创刊的“カッパ・ブックス”引发了日本的新书热潮[^s1]。1970年爆发劳资争议，神吉于年内辞去社长，争议至1977年才平息[^s1]。1996年，位于文京区音羽的新本社大楼建成[^s1]。\n\n## 职能与业务\n\n杂志方面，连载手冢治虫《铁臂阿童木》的《少年》开创了战后月刊少年漫画杂志的黄金时代，1958年创刊的周刊《女性自身》使“OL”一词得以普及；该社传统上擅长女性杂志，发行《JJ》《CLASSY.》《VERY》《STORY》等[^s1]。图书方面，该社出版过松本清张《点与线》、小松左京《日本沉没》等畅销书，并创办光文社文库、光文社新书和光文社古典新译文库[^s1]。\n\n## 现状\n\n主要股东为講談社（45.8%）和野间文化财团（40.3%）[^s1]。2023年营收为159亿日元，员工275人[^s1]。",
      "url": "/organizations/kobunsha.html",
      "lang": "id",
      "fallback": true,
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh"
      ],
      "orgKind": "publisher",
      "founded": {
        "year": 1945,
        "month": 10,
        "day": 1,
        "precision": "day",
        "display": "1945年10月1日"
      },
      "orgStatus": "active",
      "headquartersNote": "日本东京都文京区音羽1丁目16番6号（1996年新本社大楼建成）"
    },
    {
      "rankingTiers": [
        {
          "id": "physics",
          "label": "诺贝尔物理学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "chemistry",
          "label": "诺贝尔化学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "medicine",
          "label": "诺贝尔生理学或医学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "literature",
          "label": "诺贝尔文学奖"
        }
      ],
      "rankingColumns": [
        {
          "key": "motivation",
          "label": "获奖理由"
        },
        {
          "key": "affiliation",
          "label": "获奖时所属机构"
        }
      ],
      "rankingEntries": [
        {
          "name": "帕维尔·阿列克谢耶维奇·切连科夫",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_70",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for the discovery and the interpretation of the Cherenkov effect"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "伊利亚·弗兰克",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_721",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for the discovery and the interpretation of the Cherenkov effect"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Lomonosov Moscow State University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "伊戈尔·塔姆",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_71",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for the discovery and the interpretation of the Cherenkov effect"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Lomonosov Moscow State University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "弗雷德里克·桑格",
          "tier": "chemistry",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_222",
          "sourceId": "s2",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his work on the structure of proteins, especially that of insulin"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "University of Cambridge"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "乔治·韦尔斯·比德尔",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_364",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their discovery that genes act by regulating definite chemical events"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "California Institute of Technology (Caltech)"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "爱德华·劳里·塔特姆",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_365",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their discovery that genes act by regulating definite chemical events"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "乔舒亚·莱德伯格",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_366",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his discoveries concerning genetic recombination and the organization of the genetic material of bacteria"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "University of Wisconsin"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "鲍里斯·帕斯捷尔纳克",
          "tier": "literature",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_629",
          "sourceId": "s4",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his important achievement both in contemporary lyrical poetry and in the field of the great Russian epic tradition"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "id": "work_nobel_prize_1958",
      "type": "work",
      "title": "1958 年诺贝尔奖",
      "slug": "nobel-prize-1958",
      "aliases": [
        "Nobel Prize 1958",
        "1958诺贝尔奖"
      ],
      "summary": "1958 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 4 个奖项、8 位得主，获奖名单在 1958-10-28 至 1958-10-30 陆续公布：诺贝尔物理学奖 3 位，诺贝尔化学奖 1 位，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 3 位，诺贝尔文学奖 1 位。",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-awards"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-nobel-prize"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "s1",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1958",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1958/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s2",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1958",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1958/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s3",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1958",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1958/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s4",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1958",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1958/summary/"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00",
      "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:29:46+08:00",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 4,
      "body": "**1958 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 1958-10-28 至 1958-10-30 陆续公布[^s1]。\n\n## 本年度获奖情况\n\n| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |\n| --- | --- | ---: |\n| 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 1958-10-28 | 3 |\n| 诺贝尔化学奖 | 1958-10-28 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 | 1958-10-30 | 3 |\n| 诺贝尔文学奖 | 1958-10-28 | 1 |\n\n得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]、[[organization_nobel_foundation|诺贝尔基金会]]",
      "url": "/works/nobel-prize-1958.html",
      "lang": "id",
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      "workKind": "ranking_list",
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    },
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          "id": "physics",
          "label": "诺贝尔物理学奖"
        },
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          "id": "chemistry",
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        },
        {
          "id": "medicine",
          "label": "诺贝尔生理学或医学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "literature",
          "label": "诺贝尔文学奖"
        }
      ],
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        },
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      "rankingEntries": [
        {
          "name": "杨振宁",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_68",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their penetrating investigation of the so-called parity laws which has led to important discoveries regarding the elementary particles"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Institute for Advanced Study"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "李政道",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_69",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their penetrating investigation of the so-called parity laws which has led to important discoveries regarding the elementary particles"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Columbia University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "亚历山大·罗伯图斯·托德，托德男爵",
          "tier": "chemistry",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_221",
          "sourceId": "s2",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his work on nucleotides and nucleotide co-enzymes"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "University of Cambridge"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "达尼埃尔·博韦",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_363",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his discoveries relating to synthetic compounds that inhibit the action of certain body substances, and especially their action on the vascular system and the skeletal muscles"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Istituto Superiore di Sanità (Chief Institute of Public Health)"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "阿尔贝·加缪",
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          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
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            }
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        }
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      "id": "work_nobel_prize_1957",
      "type": "work",
      "title": "1957 年诺贝尔奖",
      "slug": "nobel-prize-1957",
      "aliases": [
        "Nobel Prize 1957",
        "1957诺贝尔奖"
      ],
      "summary": "1957 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 4 个奖项、5 位得主，获奖名单在 1957-10-17 至 1957-10-31 陆续公布：诺贝尔物理学奖 2 位，诺贝尔化学奖 1 位，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 1 位，诺贝尔文学奖 1 位。",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
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        "tag-nobel-prize"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "s1",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1957",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1957/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s2",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1957",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1957/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s3",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1957",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1957/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s4",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1957",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1957/summary/"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00",
      "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:29:40+08:00",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 4,
      "body": "**1957 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 1957-10-17 至 1957-10-31 陆续公布[^s1]。\n\n## 本年度获奖情况\n\n| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |\n| --- | --- | ---: |\n| 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 1957-10-31 | 2 |\n| 诺贝尔化学奖 | 1957-10-31 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 | 1957-10-24 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔文学奖 | 1957-10-17 | 1 |\n\n得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]、[[organization_nobel_foundation|诺贝尔基金会]]",
      "url": "/works/nobel-prize-1957.html",
      "lang": "id",
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        "en"
      ],
      "workKind": "ranking_list",
      "published": {
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          "id": "physics",
          "label": "诺贝尔物理学奖"
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          "id": "chemistry",
          "label": "诺贝尔化学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "medicine",
          "label": "诺贝尔生理学或医学奖"
        },
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        }
      ],
      "rankingEntries": [
        {
          "name": "威廉·肖克利",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_65",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their researches on semiconductors and their discovery of the transistor effect"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Semiconductor Laboratory of Beckman Instruments, Inc."
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "约翰·巴丁",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_66",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their researches on semiconductors and their discovery of the transistor effect"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "University of Illinois"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "沃尔特·豪泽·布拉顿",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_67",
          "sourceId": "s1",
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            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their researches on semiconductors and their discovery of the transistor effect"
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              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Bell Telephone Laboratories"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "西里尔·欣谢尔伍德",
          "tier": "chemistry",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_219",
          "sourceId": "s2",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their researches into the mechanism of chemical reactions"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "University of Oxford"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "尼古拉·谢苗诺夫",
          "tier": "chemistry",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_220",
          "sourceId": "s2",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their researches into the mechanism of chemical reactions"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Institute for Chemical Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "安德烈·弗雷德里克·考南德",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_360",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their discoveries concerning heart catheterization and pathological changes in the circulatory system"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Columbia University Division, Cardio-Pulmonary Laboratory, Bellevue Hospital"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "沃纳·福斯曼",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_361",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their discoveries concerning heart catheterization and pathological changes in the circulatory system"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Mainz University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "迪金森·伍德拉夫·理查兹",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_362",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their discoveries concerning heart catheterization and pathological changes in the circulatory system"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Columbia University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "胡安·拉蒙·希梅内斯",
          "tier": "literature",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_627",
          "sourceId": "s4",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his lyrical poetry, which in Spanish language constitutes an example of high spirit and artistical purity"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "id": "work_nobel_prize_1956",
      "type": "work",
      "title": "1956 年诺贝尔奖",
      "slug": "nobel-prize-1956",
      "aliases": [
        "Nobel Prize 1956",
        "1956诺贝尔奖"
      ],
      "summary": "1956 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 4 个奖项、9 位得主，获奖名单在 1956-10-18 至 1956-11-01 陆续公布：诺贝尔物理学奖 3 位，诺贝尔化学奖 2 位，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 3 位，诺贝尔文学奖 1 位。",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
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      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-nobel-prize"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "s1",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1956",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1956/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s2",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1956",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1956/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s3",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1956",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1956/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s4",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1956",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1956/summary/"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00",
      "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:29:36+08:00",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 4,
      "body": "**1956 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 1956-10-18 至 1956-11-01 陆续公布[^s1]。\n\n## 本年度获奖情况\n\n| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |\n| --- | --- | ---: |\n| 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 1956-11-01 | 3 |\n| 诺贝尔化学奖 | 1956-11-01 | 2 |\n| 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 | 1956-10-18 | 3 |\n| 诺贝尔文学奖 | 1956-10-25 | 1 |\n\n得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]、[[organization_nobel_foundation|诺贝尔基金会]]",
      "url": "/works/nobel-prize-1956.html",
      "lang": "id",
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      "published": {
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    },
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          "id": "physics",
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        },
        {
          "id": "medicine",
          "label": "诺贝尔生理学或医学奖"
        },
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        }
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          "key": "motivation",
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        }
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        {
          "name": "威利斯·兰姆",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_63",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his discoveries concerning the fine structure of the hydrogen spectrum"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Stanford University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "波利卡普·库施",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_64",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his precision determination of the magnetic moment of the electron"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Columbia University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "文森特·迪维尼奥",
          "tier": "chemistry",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_218",
          "sourceId": "s2",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his work on biochemically important sulphur compounds, especially for the first synthesis of a polypeptide hormone"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Cornell University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "胡戈·特奥雷尔",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_359",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his discoveries concerning the nature and mode of action of oxidation enzymes"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Karolinska Institutet, Nobel Medical Institute"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "哈尔多尔·拉克斯内斯",
          "tier": "literature",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_626",
          "sourceId": "s4",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his vivid epic power which has renewed the great narrative art of Iceland"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "id": "work_nobel_prize_1955",
      "type": "work",
      "title": "1955 年诺贝尔奖",
      "slug": "nobel-prize-1955",
      "aliases": [
        "Nobel Prize 1955",
        "1955诺贝尔奖"
      ],
      "summary": "1955 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 4 个奖项、5 位得主，获奖名单在 1955-10-20 至 1955-11-02 陆续公布：诺贝尔物理学奖 2 位，诺贝尔化学奖 1 位，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 1 位，诺贝尔文学奖 1 位。",
      "status": "published",
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        "tag-nobel-prize"
      ],
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        {
          "id": "s1",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1955",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1955/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s2",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1955",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1955/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s3",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1955",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1955/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s4",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1955",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1955/summary/"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00",
      "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:29:32+08:00",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 4,
      "body": "**1955 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 1955-10-20 至 1955-11-02 陆续公布[^s1]。\n\n## 本年度获奖情况\n\n| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |\n| --- | --- | ---: |\n| 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 1955-11-02 | 2 |\n| 诺贝尔化学奖 | 1955-11-02 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 | 1955-10-20 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔文学奖 | 1955-10-27 | 1 |\n\n得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]、[[organization_nobel_foundation|诺贝尔基金会]]",
      "url": "/works/nobel-prize-1955.html",
      "lang": "id",
      "fallback": true,
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      "published": {
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    },
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          "id": "physics",
          "label": "诺贝尔物理学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "chemistry",
          "label": "诺贝尔化学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "medicine",
          "label": "诺贝尔生理学或医学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "literature",
          "label": "诺贝尔文学奖"
        }
      ],
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          "key": "motivation",
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        {
          "name": "马克斯·玻恩",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_61",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his fundamental research in quantum mechanics, especially for his statistical interpretation of the wavefunction"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Edinburgh University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "瓦尔特·博特",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_62",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for the coincidence method and his discoveries made therewith"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "University of Heidelberg"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "莱纳斯·鲍林",
          "tier": "chemistry",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_217",
          "sourceId": "s2",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his research into the nature of the chemical bond and its application to the elucidation of the structure of complex substances"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "California Institute of Technology (Caltech)"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "约翰·富兰克林·恩德斯",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_356",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their discovery of the ability of poliomyelitis viruses to grow in cultures of various types of tissue"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Harvard Medical School"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "托马斯·哈克尔·韦勒",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_357",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their discovery of the ability of poliomyelitis viruses to grow in cultures of various types of tissue"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Research Division of Infectious Diseases, Children's Medical Center"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "弗雷德里克·查普曼·罗宾斯",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_358",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their discovery of the ability of poliomyelitis viruses to grow in cultures of various types of tissue"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Western Reserve University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "欧内斯特·海明威",
          "tier": "literature",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_625",
          "sourceId": "s4",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his mastery of the art of narrative, most recently demonstrated in \u003cI\u003eThe Old Man and the Sea,\u003c/I\u003e and for the influence that he has exerted on contemporary style"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "id": "work_nobel_prize_1954",
      "type": "work",
      "title": "1954 年诺贝尔奖",
      "slug": "nobel-prize-1954",
      "aliases": [
        "Nobel Prize 1954",
        "1954诺贝尔奖"
      ],
      "summary": "1954 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 4 个奖项、7 位得主，获奖名单在 1954-10-21 至 1954-11-03 陆续公布：诺贝尔物理学奖 2 位，诺贝尔化学奖 1 位，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 3 位，诺贝尔文学奖 1 位。",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-awards"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-nobel-prize"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "s1",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1954",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1954/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s2",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1954",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1954/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s3",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1954",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1954/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s4",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1954",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1954/summary/"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00",
      "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:29:28+08:00",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 4,
      "body": "**1954 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 1954-10-21 至 1954-11-03 陆续公布[^s1]。\n\n## 本年度获奖情况\n\n| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |\n| --- | --- | ---: |\n| 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 1954-11-03 | 2 |\n| 诺贝尔化学奖 | 1954-11-03 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 | 1954-10-21 | 3 |\n| 诺贝尔文学奖 | 1954-10-28 | 1 |\n\n得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]、[[organization_nobel_foundation|诺贝尔基金会]]",
      "url": "/works/nobel-prize-1954.html",
      "lang": "id",
      "fallback": true,
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh",
        "en"
      ],
      "workKind": "ranking_list",
      "published": {
        "year": 1954,
        "precision": "year"
      },
      "language": "中文"
    },
    {
      "rankingTiers": [
        {
          "id": "physics",
          "label": "诺贝尔物理学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "chemistry",
          "label": "诺贝尔化学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "medicine",
          "label": "诺贝尔生理学或医学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "literature",
          "label": "诺贝尔文学奖"
        }
      ],
      "rankingColumns": [
        {
          "key": "motivation",
          "label": "获奖理由"
        },
        {
          "key": "affiliation",
          "label": "获奖时所属机构"
        }
      ],
      "rankingEntries": [
        {
          "name": "弗里茨·泽尔尼克",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_60",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his demonstration of the phase contrast method, especially for his invention of the phase contrast microscope"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Groningen University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "赫尔曼·施陶丁格",
          "tier": "chemistry",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_216",
          "sourceId": "s2",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his discoveries in the field of macromolecular chemistry"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "University of Freiburg"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "汉斯·阿道夫·克雷布斯",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_354",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his discovery of the citric acid cycle"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Sheffield University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "弗里茨·阿尔贝特·李普曼",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_355",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his discovery of co-enzyme A and its importance for intermediary metabolism"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Harvard Medical School"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "温斯顿·丘吉尔",
          "tier": "literature",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_624",
          "sourceId": "s4",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his mastery of historical and biographical description as well as for brilliant oratory in defending exalted human values"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "id": "work_nobel_prize_1953",
      "type": "work",
      "title": "1953 年诺贝尔奖",
      "slug": "nobel-prize-1953",
      "aliases": [
        "Nobel Prize 1953",
        "1953诺贝尔奖"
      ],
      "summary": "1953 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 4 个奖项、5 位得主，获奖名单在 1953-10-15 至 1953-11-04 陆续公布：诺贝尔物理学奖 1 位，诺贝尔化学奖 1 位，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 2 位，诺贝尔文学奖 1 位。",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-awards"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-nobel-prize"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "s1",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1953",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1953/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s2",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1953",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1953/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s3",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1953",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1953/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s4",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1953",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1953/summary/"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00",
      "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:29:24+08:00",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 4,
      "body": "**1953 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 1953-10-15 至 1953-11-04 陆续公布[^s1]。\n\n## 本年度获奖情况\n\n| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |\n| --- | --- | ---: |\n| 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 1953-11-04 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔化学奖 | 1953-11-04 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 | 1953-10-22 | 2 |\n| 诺贝尔文学奖 | 1953-10-15 | 1 |\n\n得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]、[[organization_nobel_foundation|诺贝尔基金会]]",
      "url": "/works/nobel-prize-1953.html",
      "lang": "id",
      "fallback": true,
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh",
        "en"
      ],
      "workKind": "ranking_list",
      "published": {
        "year": 1953,
        "precision": "year"
      },
      "language": "中文"
    },
    {
      "id": "organization_shogakukan",
      "type": "organization",
      "title": "小学馆",
      "slug": "shogakukan",
      "aliases": [
        "小学館",
        "小學館",
        "株式会社小学館",
        "Shogakukan",
        "SHOGAKUKAN Inc."
      ],
      "summary": "小学馆是1922年创业、总部位于东京都千代田区一ツ橋的日本综合出版社，是“一ツ橋集团”的核心企业，以学年别学习杂志起家。",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-literature",
        "category-acg"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-publishing",
        "tag-education"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "s1",
          "title": "小学館",
          "author": "Wikipedia 日本語版",
          "url": "https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/小学館",
          "locator": "2026-11-01 访问"
        },
        {
          "id": "s2",
          "title": "集英社",
          "author": "Wikipedia 日本語版",
          "url": "https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/集英社",
          "locator": "2026-11-01 访问"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-11-01T03:29:17+08:00",
      "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:29:17+08:00",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 1,
      "body": "**小学馆**（株式会社小学館，SHOGAKUKAN Inc.）是1922年在[[place_japan_pref_tokyo|东京]]创业的日本综合出版社，是系列企业集团“一ツ橋集团”的核心企业[^s1]。\n\n## 沿革\n\n1922年8月8日，共同出版社东京支店长相贺武夫在东京市神田区锦町创立小学馆，同年10月创刊《小学五年生》《小学六年生》[^s1]。社名源于创立时以小学生教育图书为主要业务[^s1]。1926年8月，将娱乐杂志出版部门独立为[[organization_shueisha|集英社]][^s1]。1933年本社迁至现址一ツ橋；1945年6月设立株式会社小学館[^s1]。社长一职由相贺家族相继担任，2022年5月相贺信宏就任第四代社长[^s1]。\n\n## 职能与业务\n\n该社长期以学年别学习杂志为标志，但2000至2010年代这些杂志相继休刊，2017年起仅《小学一年生》仍按月发行[^s1]。二战后该社重新进入娱乐图书出版，发展为综合出版社[^s1]。1965年《小鬼Q太郎》动画化时，该社自己成为商品化授权方，以所得收入建成第三代本社大楼，该楼因此又称“オバQビル”[^s1]。该社还出版《小学館の図鑑NEO》等图鉴及小学館文库等[^s1]。1986年在美国设立VIZ Communications，2005年与集英社等共同出资组建VIZ Media[^s1]。\n\n## 现状\n\n小学馆为集英社的第一大股东，持股50%[^s2]。2026年2月期营收为1035亿6700万日元，净利润为26亿2300万日元；2026年4月员工725人[^s1]。",
      "url": "/organizations/shogakukan.html",
      "lang": "id",
      "fallback": true,
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh"
      ],
      "orgKind": "publisher",
      "founded": {
        "year": 1922,
        "month": 8,
        "day": 8,
        "precision": "day",
        "display": "1922年8月8日"
      },
      "orgStatus": "active",
      "headquartersNote": "日本东京都千代田区一ツ橋二丁目3番1号（1933年迁入）"
    },
    {
      "rankingTiers": [
        {
          "id": "physics",
          "label": "诺贝尔物理学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "chemistry",
          "label": "诺贝尔化学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "medicine",
          "label": "诺贝尔生理学或医学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "literature",
          "label": "诺贝尔文学奖"
        }
      ],
      "rankingColumns": [
        {
          "key": "motivation",
          "label": "获奖理由"
        },
        {
          "key": "affiliation",
          "label": "获奖时所属机构"
        }
      ],
      "rankingEntries": [
        {
          "name": "约翰·考克饶夫",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_56",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their pioneer work on the transmutation of atomic nuclei by artificially accelerated atomic particles"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Atomic Energy Research Establishment"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "欧内斯特·沃尔顿",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_57",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their pioneer work on the transmutation of atomic nuclei by artificially accelerated atomic particles"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Trinity College"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "埃德温·麦克米伦",
          "tier": "chemistry",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_212",
          "sourceId": "s2",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their discoveries in the chemistry of the transuranium elements"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "University of California"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "格伦·西奥多·西博格",
          "tier": "chemistry",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_213",
          "sourceId": "s2",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their discoveries in the chemistry of the transuranium elements"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "University of California"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "马克斯·泰累尔",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_352",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his discoveries concerning yellow fever and how to combat it"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Laboratories of the Division of Medicine and Public Health, Rockefeller Foundation"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "佩尔·拉格奎斯特",
          "tier": "literature",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_622",
          "sourceId": "s4",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for the artistic vigour and true independence of mind with which he endeavours in his poetry to find answers to the eternal questions confronting mankind"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "id": "work_nobel_prize_1951",
      "type": "work",
      "title": "1951 年诺贝尔奖",
      "slug": "nobel-prize-1951",
      "aliases": [
        "Nobel Prize 1951",
        "1951诺贝尔奖"
      ],
      "summary": "1951 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 4 个奖项、6 位得主，获奖名单在 1951-10-18 至 1951-11-15 陆续公布：诺贝尔物理学奖 2 位，诺贝尔化学奖 2 位，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 1 位，诺贝尔文学奖 1 位。",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-awards"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-nobel-prize"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "s1",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1951",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1951/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s2",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1951",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1951/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s3",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1951",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1951/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s4",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1951",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1951/summary/"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00",
      "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:29:16+08:00",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 4,
      "body": "**1951 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 1951-10-18 至 1951-11-15 陆续公布[^s1]。\n\n## 本年度获奖情况\n\n| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |\n| --- | --- | ---: |\n| 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 1951-11-15 | 2 |\n| 诺贝尔化学奖 | 1951-11-15 | 2 |\n| 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 | 1951-10-18 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔文学奖 | 1951-11-15 | 1 |\n\n得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]、[[organization_nobel_foundation|诺贝尔基金会]]",
      "url": "/works/nobel-prize-1951.html",
      "lang": "id",
      "fallback": true,
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh",
        "en"
      ],
      "workKind": "ranking_list",
      "published": {
        "year": 1951,
        "precision": "year"
      },
      "language": "中文"
    },
    {
      "rankingTiers": [
        {
          "id": "physics",
          "label": "诺贝尔物理学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "chemistry",
          "label": "诺贝尔化学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "medicine",
          "label": "诺贝尔生理学或医学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "literature",
          "label": "诺贝尔文学奖"
        }
      ],
      "rankingColumns": [
        {
          "key": "motivation",
          "label": "获奖理由"
        },
        {
          "key": "affiliation",
          "label": "获奖时所属机构"
        }
      ],
      "rankingEntries": [
        {
          "name": "塞西尔·鲍威尔",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_55",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his development of the photographic method of studying nuclear processes and his discoveries regarding mesons made with this method"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Bristol University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "奥托·迪尔斯",
          "tier": "chemistry",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_210",
          "sourceId": "s2",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their discovery and development of the diene synthesis"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Kiel University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "库尔特·阿尔德",
          "tier": "chemistry",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_211",
          "sourceId": "s2",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their discovery and development of the diene synthesis"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Cologne University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "爱德华·卡尔文·肯德尔",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_349",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their discoveries relating to the hormones of the adrenal cortex, their structure and biological effects"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Mayo Clinic"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "塔德乌什·赖希施泰因",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_350",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their discoveries relating to the hormones of the adrenal cortex, their structure and biological effects"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Basel University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "菲利普·肖瓦特·亨奇",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_351",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their discoveries relating to the hormones of the adrenal cortex, their structure and biological effects"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Mayo Clinic"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "伯特兰·罗素",
          "tier": "literature",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_621",
          "sourceId": "s4",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "in recognition of his varied and significant writings in which he champions humanitarian ideals and freedom of thought"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "id": "work_nobel_prize_1950",
      "type": "work",
      "title": "1950 年诺贝尔奖",
      "slug": "nobel-prize-1950",
      "aliases": [
        "Nobel Prize 1950",
        "1950诺贝尔奖"
      ],
      "summary": "1950 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 4 个奖项、7 位得主，获奖名单在 1950-10-26 至 1950-11-10 陆续公布：诺贝尔物理学奖 1 位，诺贝尔化学奖 2 位，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 3 位，诺贝尔文学奖 1 位。",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-awards"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-nobel-prize"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "s1",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1950",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1950/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s2",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1950",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1950/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s3",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1950",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1950/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s4",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1950",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1950/summary/"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00",
      "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:29:12+08:00",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 4,
      "body": "**1950 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 1950-10-26 至 1950-11-10 陆续公布[^s1]。\n\n## 本年度获奖情况\n\n| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |\n| --- | --- | ---: |\n| 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 1950-11-10 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔化学奖 | 1950-11-10 | 2 |\n| 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 | 1950-10-26 | 3 |\n| 诺贝尔文学奖 | 1950-11-10 | 1 |\n\n得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]、[[organization_nobel_foundation|诺贝尔基金会]]",
      "url": "/works/nobel-prize-1950.html",
      "lang": "id",
      "fallback": true,
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh",
        "en"
      ],
      "workKind": "ranking_list",
      "published": {
        "year": 1950,
        "precision": "year"
      },
      "language": "中文"
    },
    {
      "rankingTiers": [
        {
          "id": "physics",
          "label": "诺贝尔物理学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "chemistry",
          "label": "诺贝尔化学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "medicine",
          "label": "诺贝尔生理学或医学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "literature",
          "label": "诺贝尔文学奖"
        }
      ],
      "rankingColumns": [
        {
          "key": "motivation",
          "label": "获奖理由"
        },
        {
          "key": "affiliation",
          "label": "获奖时所属机构"
        }
      ],
      "rankingEntries": [
        {
          "name": "汤川秀树",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_54",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his prediction of the existence of mesons on the basis of theoretical work on nuclear forces"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Columbia University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "威廉·吉奥克",
          "tier": "chemistry",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_209",
          "sourceId": "s2",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his contributions in the field of chemical thermodynamics, particularly concerning the behaviour of substances at extremely low temperatures"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "University of California"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "瓦尔特·鲁道夫·赫斯",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_347",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his discovery of the functional organization of the interbrain as a coordinator of the activities of the internal organs"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "University of Zurich"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "安东尼奥·埃加斯·莫尼斯",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_348",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his discovery of the therapeutic value of leucotomy in certain psychoses"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "University of Lisbon"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "威廉·福克纳",
          "tier": "literature",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_620",
          "sourceId": "s4",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his powerful and artistically unique contribution to the modern American novel"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "id": "work_nobel_prize_1949",
      "type": "work",
      "title": "1949 年诺贝尔奖",
      "slug": "nobel-prize-1949",
      "aliases": [
        "Nobel Prize 1949",
        "1949诺贝尔奖"
      ],
      "summary": "1949 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 4 个奖项、5 位得主，获奖名单在 1949-10-27 至 1950-11-10 陆续公布：诺贝尔物理学奖 1 位，诺贝尔化学奖 1 位，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 2 位，诺贝尔文学奖 1 位。",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-awards"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-nobel-prize"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "s1",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1949",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1949/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s2",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1949",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1949/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s3",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1949",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1949/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s4",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1949",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1949/summary/"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00",
      "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:29:08+08:00",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 4,
      "body": "**1949 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 1949-10-27 至 1950-11-10 陆续公布[^s1]。\n\n## 本年度获奖情况\n\n| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |\n| --- | --- | ---: |\n| 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 1949-11-03 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔化学奖 | 1949-11-03 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 | 1949-10-27 | 2 |\n| 诺贝尔文学奖 | 1950-11-10 | 1 |\n\n得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]、[[organization_nobel_foundation|诺贝尔基金会]]",
      "url": "/works/nobel-prize-1949.html",
      "lang": "id",
      "fallback": true,
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh",
        "en"
      ],
      "workKind": "ranking_list",
      "published": {
        "year": 1949,
        "precision": "year"
      },
      "language": "中文"
    },
    {
      "rankingTiers": [
        {
          "id": "physics",
          "label": "诺贝尔物理学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "chemistry",
          "label": "诺贝尔化学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "medicine",
          "label": "诺贝尔生理学或医学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "literature",
          "label": "诺贝尔文学奖"
        }
      ],
      "rankingColumns": [
        {
          "key": "motivation",
          "label": "获奖理由"
        },
        {
          "key": "affiliation",
          "label": "获奖时所属机构"
        }
      ],
      "rankingEntries": [
        {
          "name": "帕特里克·布莱克特",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_53",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his development of the Wilson cloud chamber method, and his discoveries therewith in the fields of nuclear physics and cosmic radiation"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Victoria University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "阿尔内·蒂塞利乌斯",
          "tier": "chemistry",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_208",
          "sourceId": "s2",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his research on electrophoresis and adsorption analysis, especially for his discoveries concerning the complex nature of the serum proteins"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Uppsala University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "保罗·赫尔曼·穆勒",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_346",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his discovery of the high efficiency of DDT as a contact poison against several arthropods"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Laboratorium der Farben-Fabriken J.R. Geigy A.G. (Laboratory of the J.R. Geigy Dye-Factory Co.)"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "T·S·艾略特",
          "tier": "literature",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_619",
          "sourceId": "s4",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his outstanding, pioneer contribution to present-day poetry"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "id": "work_nobel_prize_1948",
      "type": "work",
      "title": "1948 年诺贝尔奖",
      "slug": "nobel-prize-1948",
      "aliases": [
        "Nobel Prize 1948",
        "1948诺贝尔奖"
      ],
      "summary": "1948 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 4 个奖项、4 位得主，获奖名单在 1948-10-28 至 1948-11-04 陆续公布：诺贝尔物理学奖 1 位，诺贝尔化学奖 1 位，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 1 位，诺贝尔文学奖 1 位。",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-awards"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-nobel-prize"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "s1",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1948",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1948/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s2",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1948",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1948/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s3",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1948",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1948/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s4",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1948",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1948/summary/"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00",
      "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:29:04+08:00",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 4,
      "body": "**1948 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 1948-10-28 至 1948-11-04 陆续公布[^s1]。\n\n## 本年度获奖情况\n\n| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |\n| --- | --- | ---: |\n| 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 1948-11-04 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔化学奖 | 1948-11-04 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 | 1948-10-28 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔文学奖 | 1948-11-04 | 1 |\n\n得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]、[[organization_nobel_foundation|诺贝尔基金会]]",
      "url": "/works/nobel-prize-1948.html",
      "lang": "id",
      "fallback": true,
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh",
        "en"
      ],
      "workKind": "ranking_list",
      "published": {
        "year": 1948,
        "precision": "year"
      },
      "language": "中文"
    },
    {
      "rankingTiers": [
        {
          "id": "physics",
          "label": "诺贝尔物理学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "chemistry",
          "label": "诺贝尔化学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "medicine",
          "label": "诺贝尔生理学或医学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "literature",
          "label": "诺贝尔文学奖"
        }
      ],
      "rankingColumns": [
        {
          "key": "motivation",
          "label": "获奖理由"
        },
        {
          "key": "affiliation",
          "label": "获奖时所属机构"
        }
      ],
      "rankingEntries": [
        {
          "name": "爱德华·阿普尔顿",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_52",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his investigations of the physics of the upper atmosphere especially for the discovery of the so-called Appleton layer"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Department of Scientific and Industrial Research"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "罗伯特·鲁宾逊",
          "tier": "chemistry",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_207",
          "sourceId": "s2",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his investigations on plant products of biological importance, especially the alkaloids"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "University of Oxford"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "卡尔·斐迪南·科里",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_343",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their discovery of the course of the catalytic conversion of glycogen"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Washington University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "格蒂·科里",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_344",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their discovery of the course of the catalytic conversion of glycogen"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Washington University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "贝尔纳多·奥赛",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_345",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his discovery of the part played by the hormone of the anterior pituitary lobe in the metabolism of sugar"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Instituto de Biologia y Medicina Experimental (Institute for Biology and Experimental Medicine)"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "安德烈·纪德",
          "tier": "literature",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_618",
          "sourceId": "s4",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his comprehensive and artistically significant writings, in which human problems and conditions have been presented with a fearless love of truth and keen psychological insight"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "id": "work_nobel_prize_1947",
      "type": "work",
      "title": "1947 年诺贝尔奖",
      "slug": "nobel-prize-1947",
      "aliases": [
        "Nobel Prize 1947",
        "1947诺贝尔奖"
      ],
      "summary": "1947 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 4 个奖项、6 位得主，获奖名单在 1947-10-23 至 1947-11-13 陆续公布：诺贝尔物理学奖 1 位，诺贝尔化学奖 1 位，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 3 位，诺贝尔文学奖 1 位。",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-awards"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-nobel-prize"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "s1",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1947",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1947/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s2",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1947",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1947/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s3",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1947",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1947/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s4",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1947",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1947/summary/"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00",
      "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:29:00+08:00",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 4,
      "body": "**1947 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 1947-10-23 至 1947-11-13 陆续公布[^s1]。\n\n## 本年度获奖情况\n\n| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |\n| --- | --- | ---: |\n| 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 1947-11-13 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔化学奖 | 1947-11-13 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 | 1947-10-23 | 3 |\n| 诺贝尔文学奖 | 1947-11-13 | 1 |\n\n得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]、[[organization_nobel_foundation|诺贝尔基金会]]",
      "url": "/works/nobel-prize-1947.html",
      "lang": "id",
      "fallback": true,
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh",
        "en"
      ],
      "workKind": "ranking_list",
      "published": {
        "year": 1947,
        "precision": "year"
      },
      "language": "中文"
    },
    {
      "rankingTiers": [
        {
          "id": "physics",
          "label": "诺贝尔物理学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "chemistry",
          "label": "诺贝尔化学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "medicine",
          "label": "诺贝尔生理学或医学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "literature",
          "label": "诺贝尔文学奖"
        }
      ],
      "rankingColumns": [
        {
          "key": "motivation",
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        },
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        }
      ],
      "rankingEntries": [
        {
          "name": "珀西·布里奇曼",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_51",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for the invention of an apparatus to produce extremely high pressures, and for the discoveries he made therewith in the field of high pressure physics"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Harvard University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "詹姆斯·B·萨姆纳",
          "tier": "chemistry",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_204",
          "sourceId": "s2",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his discovery that enzymes can be crystallized"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Cornell University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "约翰·霍华德·诺思罗普",
          "tier": "chemistry",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_205",
          "sourceId": "s2",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their preparation of enzymes and virus proteins in a pure form"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "温德尔·梅雷迪思·斯坦利",
          "tier": "chemistry",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_206",
          "sourceId": "s2",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their preparation of enzymes and virus proteins in a pure form"
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            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
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          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for the discovery of the production of mutations by means of X-ray irradiation"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Indiana University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "赫尔曼·黑塞",
          "tier": "literature",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_617",
          "sourceId": "s4",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his inspired writings which, while growing in boldness and penetration, exemplify the classical humanitarian ideals and high qualities of style"
            }
          ]
        }
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      "type": "work",
      "title": "1946 年诺贝尔奖",
      "slug": "nobel-prize-1946",
      "aliases": [
        "Nobel Prize 1946",
        "1946诺贝尔奖"
      ],
      "summary": "1946 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 4 个奖项、6 位得主，获奖名单在 1946-10-31 至 1946-11-14 陆续公布：诺贝尔物理学奖 1 位，诺贝尔化学奖 3 位，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 1 位，诺贝尔文学奖 1 位。",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-awards"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-nobel-prize"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "s1",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1946",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1946/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s2",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1946",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1946/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s3",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1946",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1946/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s4",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1946",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1946/summary/"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00",
      "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:28:57+08:00",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 4,
      "body": "**1946 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 1946-10-31 至 1946-11-14 陆续公布[^s1]。\n\n## 本年度获奖情况\n\n| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |\n| --- | --- | ---: |\n| 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 1946-11-14 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔化学奖 | 1946-11-14 | 3 |\n| 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 | 1946-10-31 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔文学奖 | 1946-11-14 | 1 |\n\n得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]、[[organization_nobel_foundation|诺贝尔基金会]]",
      "url": "/works/nobel-prize-1946.html",
      "lang": "id",
      "fallback": true,
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh",
        "en"
      ],
      "workKind": "ranking_list",
      "published": {
        "year": 1946,
        "precision": "year"
      },
      "language": "中文"
    },
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          "id": "physics",
          "label": "诺贝尔物理学奖"
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          "label": "诺贝尔化学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "medicine",
          "label": "诺贝尔生理学或医学奖"
        },
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          "id": "literature",
          "label": "诺贝尔文学奖"
        }
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        {
          "key": "motivation",
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        },
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        }
      ],
      "rankingEntries": [
        {
          "name": "沃尔夫冈·泡利",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_50",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for the discovery of the Exclusion Principle, also called the Pauli Principle"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Princeton University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "阿尔图里·伊尔马里·维尔塔宁",
          "tier": "chemistry",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_203",
          "sourceId": "s2",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his research and inventions in agricultural and nutrition chemistry, especially for his fodder preservation method"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "University of Helsinki"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "亚历山大·弗莱明",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_339",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for the discovery of penicillin and its curative effect in various infectious diseases"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "London University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "恩斯特·伯利斯·柴恩",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_340",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for the discovery of penicillin and its curative effect in various infectious diseases"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "University of Oxford"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "霍华德·弗洛里，弗洛里男爵",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_341",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for the discovery of penicillin and its curative effect in various infectious diseases"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "University of Oxford"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "加夫列拉·米斯特拉尔",
          "tier": "literature",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_615",
          "sourceId": "s4",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for her lyric poetry which, inspired by powerful emotions, has made her name a symbol of the idealistic aspirations of the entire Latin American world"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "id": "work_nobel_prize_1945",
      "type": "work",
      "title": "1945 年诺贝尔奖",
      "slug": "nobel-prize-1945",
      "aliases": [
        "Nobel Prize 1945",
        "1945诺贝尔奖"
      ],
      "summary": "1945 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 4 个奖项、6 位得主，获奖名单在 1945-10-25 至 1945-11-15 陆续公布：诺贝尔物理学奖 1 位，诺贝尔化学奖 1 位，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 3 位，诺贝尔文学奖 1 位。",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-awards"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-nobel-prize"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "s1",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1945",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1945/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s2",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1945",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1945/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s3",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1945",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1945/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s4",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1945",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1945/summary/"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00",
      "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:28:53+08:00",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 4,
      "body": "**1945 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 1945-10-25 至 1945-11-15 陆续公布[^s1]。\n\n## 本年度获奖情况\n\n| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |\n| --- | --- | ---: |\n| 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 1945-11-15 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔化学奖 | 1945-11-15 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 | 1945-10-25 | 3 |\n| 诺贝尔文学奖 | 1945-11-15 | 1 |\n\n得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]、[[organization_nobel_foundation|诺贝尔基金会]]",
      "url": "/works/nobel-prize-1945.html",
      "lang": "id",
      "fallback": true,
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh",
        "en"
      ],
      "workKind": "ranking_list",
      "published": {
        "year": 1945,
        "precision": "year"
      },
      "language": "中文"
    },
    {
      "rankingTiers": [
        {
          "id": "physics",
          "label": "诺贝尔物理学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "chemistry",
          "label": "诺贝尔化学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "medicine",
          "label": "诺贝尔生理学或医学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "literature",
          "label": "诺贝尔文学奖"
        }
      ],
      "rankingColumns": [
        {
          "key": "motivation",
          "label": "获奖理由"
        },
        {
          "key": "affiliation",
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        }
      ],
      "rankingEntries": [
        {
          "name": "伊西多·拉比",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_49",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his resonance method for recording the magnetic properties of atomic nuclei"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Columbia University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "奥托·哈恩",
          "tier": "chemistry",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_202",
          "sourceId": "s2",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his discovery of the fission of heavy nuclei"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Max-Planck Institut) für Chemie"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "约瑟夫·厄尔兰格",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_337",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their discoveries relating to the highly differentiated functions of single nerve fibres"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Washington University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "赫伯特·斯潘塞·加塞",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_338",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their discoveries relating to the highly differentiated functions of single nerve fibres"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "约翰内斯·威廉·延森",
          "tier": "literature",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_614",
          "sourceId": "s4",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for the rare strength and fertility of his poetic imagination with which is combined an intellectual curiosity of wide scope and a bold, freshly creative style"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "id": "work_nobel_prize_1944",
      "type": "work",
      "title": "1944 年诺贝尔奖",
      "slug": "nobel-prize-1944",
      "aliases": [
        "Nobel Prize 1944",
        "1944诺贝尔奖"
      ],
      "summary": "1944 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 4 个奖项、5 位得主，获奖名单在 1944-10-26 至 1945-11-15 陆续公布：诺贝尔物理学奖 1 位，诺贝尔化学奖 1 位，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 2 位，诺贝尔文学奖 1 位。",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-awards"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-nobel-prize"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "s1",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1944",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1944/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s2",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1944",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1944/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s3",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1944",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1944/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s4",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1944",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1944/summary/"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00",
      "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:28:49+08:00",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 4,
      "body": "**1944 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 1944-10-26 至 1945-11-15 陆续公布[^s1]。\n\n## 本年度获奖情况\n\n| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |\n| --- | --- | ---: |\n| 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 1944-11-09 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔化学奖 | 1945-11-15 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 | 1944-10-26 | 2 |\n| 诺贝尔文学奖 | 1944-11-09 | 1 |\n\n得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]、[[organization_nobel_foundation|诺贝尔基金会]]",
      "url": "/works/nobel-prize-1944.html",
      "lang": "id",
      "fallback": true,
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh",
        "en"
      ],
      "workKind": "ranking_list",
      "published": {
        "year": 1944,
        "precision": "year"
      },
      "language": "中文"
    },
    {
      "rankingTiers": [
        {
          "id": "physics",
          "label": "诺贝尔物理学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "chemistry",
          "label": "诺贝尔化学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "medicine",
          "label": "诺贝尔生理学或医学奖"
        }
      ],
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          "key": "motivation",
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        },
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        }
      ],
      "rankingEntries": [
        {
          "name": "奥托·施特恩",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_48",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his contribution to the development of the molecular ray method and his discovery of the magnetic moment of the proton"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Carnegie Institute of Technology"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "乔治·德海韦西",
          "tier": "chemistry",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_201",
          "sourceId": "s2",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his work on the use of isotopes as tracers in the study of chemical processes"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Stockholm University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "亨里克·达姆",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_335",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his discovery of vitamin K"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Polytechnic Institute"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "爱德华·阿德尔伯特·多伊西",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_336",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his discovery of the chemical nature of vitamin K"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Saint Louis University"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "id": "work_nobel_prize_1943",
      "type": "work",
      "title": "1943 年诺贝尔奖",
      "slug": "nobel-prize-1943",
      "aliases": [
        "Nobel Prize 1943",
        "1943诺贝尔奖"
      ],
      "summary": "1943 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 3 个奖项、4 位得主，获奖名单在 1944-10-26 至 1944-11-09 陆续公布：诺贝尔物理学奖 1 位，诺贝尔化学奖 1 位，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 2 位。",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-awards"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-nobel-prize"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "s1",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1943",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1943/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s2",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1943",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1943/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s3",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1943",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1943/summary/"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00",
      "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:28:45+08:00",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 4,
      "body": "**1943 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 1944-10-26 至 1944-11-09 陆续公布[^s1]。\n\n## 本年度获奖情况\n\n| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |\n| --- | --- | ---: |\n| 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 1944-11-09 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔化学奖 | 1944-11-09 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 | 1944-10-26 | 2 |\n\n得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]、[[organization_nobel_foundation|诺贝尔基金会]]",
      "url": "/works/nobel-prize-1943.html",
      "lang": "id",
      "fallback": true,
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh",
        "en"
      ],
      "workKind": "ranking_list",
      "published": {
        "year": 1943,
        "precision": "year"
      },
      "language": "中文"
    },
    {
      "rankingTiers": [
        {
          "id": "physics",
          "label": "诺贝尔物理学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "chemistry",
          "label": "诺贝尔化学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "medicine",
          "label": "诺贝尔生理学或医学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "literature",
          "label": "诺贝尔文学奖"
        }
      ],
      "rankingColumns": [
        {
          "key": "motivation",
          "label": "获奖理由"
        },
        {
          "key": "affiliation",
          "label": "获奖时所属机构"
        }
      ],
      "rankingEntries": [
        {
          "name": "欧内斯特·劳伦斯",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_47",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for the invention and development of the cyclotron and for results obtained with it, especially with regard to artificial radioactive elements"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "University of California"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "阿道夫·布特南特",
          "tier": "chemistry",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_199",
          "sourceId": "s2",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his work on sex hormones"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Max-Planck-Institut) für Biochemie"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "拉沃斯拉夫·鲁日奇卡",
          "tier": "chemistry",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_200",
          "sourceId": "s2",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his work on polymethylenes and higher terpenes"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology)"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "格哈德·多马克",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_334",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for the discovery of the antibacterial effects of prontosil"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Munster University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "弗兰斯·埃米尔·西兰帕",
          "tier": "literature",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_613",
          "sourceId": "s4",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his deep understanding of his country's peasantry and the exquisite art with which he has portrayed their way of life and their relationship with Nature"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "id": "work_nobel_prize_1939",
      "type": "work",
      "title": "1939 年诺贝尔奖",
      "slug": "nobel-prize-1939",
      "aliases": [
        "Nobel Prize 1939",
        "1939诺贝尔奖"
      ],
      "summary": "1939 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 4 个奖项、5 位得主，获奖名单在 1939-10-26 至 1939-11-10 陆续公布：诺贝尔物理学奖 1 位，诺贝尔化学奖 2 位，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 1 位，诺贝尔文学奖 1 位。",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-awards"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-nobel-prize"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "s1",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1939",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1939/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s2",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1939",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1939/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s3",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1939",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1939/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s4",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1939",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1939/summary/"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00",
      "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:28:41+08:00",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 4,
      "body": "**1939 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 1939-10-26 至 1939-11-10 陆续公布[^s1]。\n\n## 本年度获奖情况\n\n| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |\n| --- | --- | ---: |\n| 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 1939-11-09 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔化学奖 | 1939-11-09 | 2 |\n| 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 | 1939-10-26 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔文学奖 | 1939-11-10 | 1 |\n\n得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]、[[organization_nobel_foundation|诺贝尔基金会]]",
      "url": "/works/nobel-prize-1939.html",
      "lang": "id",
      "fallback": true,
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh",
        "en"
      ],
      "workKind": "ranking_list",
      "published": {
        "year": 1939,
        "precision": "year"
      },
      "language": "中文"
    },
    {
      "rankingTiers": [
        {
          "id": "physics",
          "label": "诺贝尔物理学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "chemistry",
          "label": "诺贝尔化学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "medicine",
          "label": "诺贝尔生理学或医学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "literature",
          "label": "诺贝尔文学奖"
        }
      ],
      "rankingColumns": [
        {
          "key": "motivation",
          "label": "获奖理由"
        },
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          "key": "affiliation",
          "label": "获奖时所属机构"
        }
      ],
      "rankingEntries": [
        {
          "name": "克林顿·戴维孙",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_44",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their experimental discovery of the diffraction of electrons by crystals"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Bell Telephone Laboratories"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "乔治·汤姆孙",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_45",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their experimental discovery of the diffraction of electrons by crystals"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "London University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "沃尔特·霍沃思",
          "tier": "chemistry",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_196",
          "sourceId": "s2",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his investigations on carbohydrates and vitamin C"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Birmingham University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "保罗·卡勒",
          "tier": "chemistry",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_197",
          "sourceId": "s2",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his investigations on carotenoids, flavins and vitamins A and B2"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "University of Zurich"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "圣捷尔吉·阿尔伯特",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_332",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his discoveries in connection with the biological combustion processes, with special reference to vitamin C and the catalysis of fumaric acid"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Szeged University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "罗杰·马丁·杜·加尔",
          "tier": "literature",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_609",
          "sourceId": "s4",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for the artistic power and truth with which he has depicted human conflict as well as some fundamental aspects of contemporary life in his novel-cycle \u003cI\u003eLes Thibault\u003c/I\u003e"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "id": "work_nobel_prize_1937",
      "type": "work",
      "title": "1937 年诺贝尔奖",
      "slug": "nobel-prize-1937",
      "aliases": [
        "Nobel Prize 1937",
        "1937诺贝尔奖"
      ],
      "summary": "1937 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 4 个奖项、6 位得主，获奖名单在 1937-10-28 至 1937-11-11 陆续公布：诺贝尔物理学奖 2 位，诺贝尔化学奖 2 位，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 1 位，诺贝尔文学奖 1 位。",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-awards"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-nobel-prize"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "s1",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1937",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1937/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s2",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1937",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1937/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s3",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1937",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1937/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s4",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1937",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1937/summary/"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00",
      "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:28:32+08:00",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 4,
      "body": "**1937 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 1937-10-28 至 1937-11-11 陆续公布[^s1]。\n\n## 本年度获奖情况\n\n| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |\n| --- | --- | ---: |\n| 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 1937-11-11 | 2 |\n| 诺贝尔化学奖 | 1937-11-11 | 2 |\n| 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 | 1937-10-28 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔文学奖 | 1937-11-11 | 1 |\n\n得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]、[[organization_nobel_foundation|诺贝尔基金会]]",
      "url": "/works/nobel-prize-1937.html",
      "lang": "id",
      "fallback": true,
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh",
        "en"
      ],
      "workKind": "ranking_list",
      "published": {
        "year": 1937,
        "precision": "year"
      },
      "language": "中文"
    },
    {
      "rankingTiers": [
        {
          "id": "physics",
          "label": "诺贝尔物理学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "chemistry",
          "label": "诺贝尔化学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "medicine",
          "label": "诺贝尔生理学或医学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "literature",
          "label": "诺贝尔文学奖"
        }
      ],
      "rankingColumns": [
        {
          "key": "motivation",
          "label": "获奖理由"
        },
        {
          "key": "affiliation",
          "label": "获奖时所属机构"
        }
      ],
      "rankingEntries": [
        {
          "name": "维克托·赫斯",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_42",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his discovery of cosmic radiation"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Innsbruck University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "卡尔·戴维·安德森",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_43",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his discovery of the positron"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "California Institute of Technology (Caltech)"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "彼得·德拜",
          "tier": "chemistry",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_195",
          "sourceId": "s2",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his contributions to our knowledge of molecular structure through his investigations on dipole moments and on the diffraction of X-rays and electrons in gases"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Berlin University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "亨利·哈利特·戴尔",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_330",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their discoveries relating to chemical transmission of nerve impulses"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "National Institute for Medical Research"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "奥托·勒维",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_331",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their discoveries relating to chemical transmission of nerve impulses"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Graz University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "尤金·奥尼尔",
          "tier": "literature",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_608",
          "sourceId": "s4",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for the power, honesty and deep-felt emotions of his dramatic works, which embody an original concept of tragedy"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "id": "work_nobel_prize_1936",
      "type": "work",
      "title": "1936 年诺贝尔奖",
      "slug": "nobel-prize-1936",
      "aliases": [
        "Nobel Prize 1936",
        "1936诺贝尔奖"
      ],
      "summary": "1936 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 4 个奖项、6 位得主，获奖名单在 1936-10-29 至 1936-11-12 陆续公布：诺贝尔物理学奖 2 位，诺贝尔化学奖 1 位，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 2 位，诺贝尔文学奖 1 位。",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-awards"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-nobel-prize"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "s1",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1936",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1936/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s2",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1936",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1936/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s3",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1936",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1936/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s4",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1936",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1936/summary/"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00",
      "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:28:28+08:00",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 4,
      "body": "**1936 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 1936-10-29 至 1936-11-12 陆续公布[^s1]。\n\n## 本年度获奖情况\n\n| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |\n| --- | --- | ---: |\n| 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 1936-11-12 | 2 |\n| 诺贝尔化学奖 | 1936-11-12 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 | 1936-10-29 | 2 |\n| 诺贝尔文学奖 | 1936-11-12 | 1 |\n\n得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]、[[organization_nobel_foundation|诺贝尔基金会]]",
      "url": "/works/nobel-prize-1936.html",
      "lang": "id",
      "fallback": true,
      "availableLangs": [
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        "en"
      ],
      "workKind": "ranking_list",
      "published": {
        "year": 1936,
        "precision": "year"
      },
      "language": "中文"
    },
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        {
          "id": "physics",
          "label": "诺贝尔物理学奖"
        },
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          "id": "chemistry",
          "label": "诺贝尔化学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "medicine",
          "label": "诺贝尔生理学或医学奖"
        }
      ],
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        {
          "key": "motivation",
          "label": "获奖理由"
        },
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        }
      ],
      "rankingEntries": [
        {
          "name": "詹姆斯·查德威克",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_41",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for the discovery of the neutron"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Liverpool University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "弗雷德里克·约里奥-居里",
          "tier": "chemistry",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_193",
          "sourceId": "s2",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "in recognition of their synthesis of new radioactive elements"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Institut du Radium"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "伊雷娜·约里奥-居里",
          "tier": "chemistry",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_194",
          "sourceId": "s2",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "in recognition of their synthesis of new radioactive elements"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Institut du Radium"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "汉斯·施佩曼",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_329",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his discovery of the organizer effect in embryonic development"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "University of Freiburg im Breisgau"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "id": "work_nobel_prize_1935",
      "type": "work",
      "title": "1935 年诺贝尔奖",
      "slug": "nobel-prize-1935",
      "aliases": [
        "Nobel Prize 1935",
        "1935诺贝尔奖"
      ],
      "summary": "1935 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 3 个奖项、4 位得主，获奖名单在 1935-10-24 至 1935-11-14 陆续公布：诺贝尔物理学奖 1 位，诺贝尔化学奖 2 位，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 1 位。",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-awards"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-nobel-prize"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "s1",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1935",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1935/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s2",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1935",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1935/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s3",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1935",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1935/summary/"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00",
      "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:28:24+08:00",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 4,
      "body": "**1935 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 1935-10-24 至 1935-11-14 陆续公布[^s1]。\n\n## 本年度获奖情况\n\n| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |\n| --- | --- | ---: |\n| 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 1935-11-14 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔化学奖 | 1935-11-14 | 2 |\n| 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 | 1935-10-24 | 1 |\n\n得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]、[[organization_nobel_foundation|诺贝尔基金会]]",
      "url": "/works/nobel-prize-1935.html",
      "lang": "id",
      "fallback": true,
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh",
        "en"
      ],
      "workKind": "ranking_list",
      "published": {
        "year": 1935,
        "precision": "year"
      },
      "language": "中文"
    },
    {
      "rankingTiers": [
        {
          "id": "chemistry",
          "label": "诺贝尔化学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "medicine",
          "label": "诺贝尔生理学或医学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "literature",
          "label": "诺贝尔文学奖"
        }
      ],
      "rankingColumns": [
        {
          "key": "motivation",
          "label": "获奖理由"
        },
        {
          "key": "affiliation",
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        }
      ],
      "rankingEntries": [
        {
          "name": "哈罗德·克莱顿·尤里",
          "tier": "chemistry",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_192",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his discovery of heavy hydrogen"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Columbia University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "乔治·惠普尔",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_326",
          "sourceId": "s2",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their discoveries concerning liver therapy in cases of anaemia"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "University of Rochester"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "乔治·迈诺特",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_327",
          "sourceId": "s2",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their discoveries concerning liver therapy in cases of anaemia"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Harvard University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "威廉·莫菲",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_328",
          "sourceId": "s2",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their discoveries concerning liver therapy in cases of anaemia"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Harvard University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "路伊吉·皮兰德娄",
          "tier": "literature",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_607",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his bold and ingenious revival of dramatic and scenic art"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "id": "work_nobel_prize_1934",
      "type": "work",
      "title": "1934 年诺贝尔奖",
      "slug": "nobel-prize-1934",
      "aliases": [
        "Nobel Prize 1934",
        "1934诺贝尔奖"
      ],
      "summary": "1934 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 3 个奖项、5 位得主，获奖名单在 1934-10-25 至 1934-11-15 陆续公布：诺贝尔化学奖 1 位，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 3 位，诺贝尔文学奖 1 位。",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-awards"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-nobel-prize"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "s1",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1934",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1934/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s2",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1934",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1934/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s3",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1934",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1934/summary/"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00",
      "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:28:20+08:00",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 4,
      "body": "**1934 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 1934-10-25 至 1934-11-15 陆续公布[^s1]。\n\n## 本年度获奖情况\n\n| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |\n| --- | --- | ---: |\n| 诺贝尔化学奖 | 1934-11-15 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 | 1934-10-25 | 3 |\n| 诺贝尔文学奖 | 1934-11-08 | 1 |\n\n得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]、[[organization_nobel_foundation|诺贝尔基金会]]",
      "url": "/works/nobel-prize-1934.html",
      "lang": "id",
      "fallback": true,
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh",
        "en"
      ],
      "workKind": "ranking_list",
      "published": {
        "year": 1934,
        "precision": "year"
      },
      "language": "中文"
    },
    {
      "rankingTiers": [
        {
          "id": "physics",
          "label": "诺贝尔物理学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "medicine",
          "label": "诺贝尔生理学或医学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "literature",
          "label": "诺贝尔文学奖"
        }
      ],
      "rankingColumns": [
        {
          "key": "motivation",
          "label": "获奖理由"
        },
        {
          "key": "affiliation",
          "label": "获奖时所属机构"
        }
      ],
      "rankingEntries": [
        {
          "name": "埃尔温·薛定谔",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_39",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for the discovery of new productive forms of atomic theory"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Berlin University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "保罗·狄拉克",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_40",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for the discovery of new productive forms of atomic theory"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "University of Cambridge"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "托马斯·亨特·摩尔根",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_325",
          "sourceId": "s2",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his discoveries concerning the role played by the chromosome in heredity"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "California Institute of Technology (Caltech)"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "伊凡·阿列克谢耶维奇·蒲宁",
          "tier": "literature",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_606",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for the strict artistry with which he has carried on the classical Russian traditions in prose writing"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "id": "work_nobel_prize_1933",
      "type": "work",
      "title": "1933 年诺贝尔奖",
      "slug": "nobel-prize-1933",
      "aliases": [
        "Nobel Prize 1933",
        "1933诺贝尔奖"
      ],
      "summary": "1933 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 3 个奖项、4 位得主，获奖名单在 1933-10-20 至 1933-11-09 陆续公布：诺贝尔物理学奖 2 位，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 1 位，诺贝尔文学奖 1 位。",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-awards"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-nobel-prize"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "s1",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1933",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1933/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s2",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1933",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1933/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s3",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1933",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1933/summary/"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00",
      "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:28:16+08:00",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 4,
      "body": "**1933 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 1933-10-20 至 1933-11-09 陆续公布[^s1]。\n\n## 本年度获奖情况\n\n| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |\n| --- | --- | ---: |\n| 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 1933-11-09 | 2 |\n| 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 | 1933-10-20 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔文学奖 | 1933-11-09 | 1 |\n\n得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]、[[organization_nobel_foundation|诺贝尔基金会]]",
      "url": "/works/nobel-prize-1933.html",
      "lang": "id",
      "fallback": true,
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh",
        "en"
      ],
      "workKind": "ranking_list",
      "published": {
        "year": 1933,
        "precision": "year"
      },
      "language": "中文"
    },
    {
      "rankingTiers": [
        {
          "id": "chemistry",
          "label": "诺贝尔化学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "medicine",
          "label": "诺贝尔生理学或医学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "literature",
          "label": "诺贝尔文学奖"
        }
      ],
      "rankingColumns": [
        {
          "key": "motivation",
          "label": "获奖理由"
        },
        {
          "key": "affiliation",
          "label": "获奖时所属机构"
        }
      ],
      "rankingEntries": [
        {
          "name": "卡尔·博施",
          "tier": "chemistry",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_189",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "in recognition of their contributions to the invention and development of chemical high pressure methods"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "University of Heidelberg"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "弗里德里希·贝吉乌斯",
          "tier": "chemistry",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_190",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "in recognition of their contributions to the invention and development of chemical high pressure methods"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "University of Heidelberg"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "奥托·海因里希·瓦尔堡",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_322",
          "sourceId": "s2",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Max-Planck-Institut) für Biologie"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "埃里克·阿克塞尔·卡尔费尔特",
          "tier": "literature",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_604",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "The poetry of Erik Axel Karlfeldt"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "id": "work_nobel_prize_1931",
      "type": "work",
      "title": "1931 年诺贝尔奖",
      "slug": "nobel-prize-1931",
      "aliases": [
        "Nobel Prize 1931",
        "1931诺贝尔奖"
      ],
      "summary": "1931 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 3 个奖项、4 位得主，获奖名单在 1931-10-29 至 1931-11-12 陆续公布：诺贝尔化学奖 2 位，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 1 位，诺贝尔文学奖 1 位。",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-awards"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-nobel-prize"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "s1",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1931",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1931/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s2",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1931",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1931/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s3",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1931",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1931/summary/"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00",
      "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:28:08+08:00",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 4,
      "body": "**1931 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 1931-10-29 至 1931-11-12 陆续公布[^s1]。\n\n## 本年度获奖情况\n\n| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |\n| --- | --- | ---: |\n| 诺贝尔化学奖 | 1931-11-12 | 2 |\n| 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 | 1931-10-29 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔文学奖 | 1931-11-08 | 1 |\n\n得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]、[[organization_nobel_foundation|诺贝尔基金会]]",
      "url": "/works/nobel-prize-1931.html",
      "lang": "id",
      "fallback": true,
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh",
        "en"
      ],
      "workKind": "ranking_list",
      "published": {
        "year": 1931,
        "precision": "year"
      },
      "language": "中文"
    },
    {
      "rankingTiers": [
        {
          "id": "physics",
          "label": "诺贝尔物理学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "chemistry",
          "label": "诺贝尔化学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "medicine",
          "label": "诺贝尔生理学或医学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "literature",
          "label": "诺贝尔文学奖"
        }
      ],
      "rankingColumns": [
        {
          "key": "motivation",
          "label": "获奖理由"
        },
        {
          "key": "affiliation",
          "label": "获奖时所属机构"
        }
      ],
      "rankingEntries": [
        {
          "name": "钱德拉塞卡拉·拉曼",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_37",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his work on the scattering of light and for the discovery of the effect named after him"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Calcutta University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "汉斯·费歇尔",
          "tier": "chemistry",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_188",
          "sourceId": "s2",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his researches into the constitution of haemin and chlorophyll and especially for his synthesis of haemin"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Technische Hochschule (Institute of Technology)"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "卡尔·兰德施泰纳",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_321",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his discovery of human blood groups"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "辛克莱·刘易斯",
          "tier": "literature",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_603",
          "sourceId": "s4",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his vigorous and graphic art of description and his ability to create, with wit and humour, new types of characters"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "id": "work_nobel_prize_1930",
      "type": "work",
      "title": "1930 年诺贝尔奖",
      "slug": "nobel-prize-1930",
      "aliases": [
        "Nobel Prize 1930",
        "1930诺贝尔奖"
      ],
      "summary": "1930 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 4 个奖项、4 位得主，获奖名单在 1930-10-30 至 1930-11-13 陆续公布：诺贝尔物理学奖 1 位，诺贝尔化学奖 1 位，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 1 位，诺贝尔文学奖 1 位。",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-awards"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-nobel-prize"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "s1",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1930",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1930/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s2",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1930",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1930/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s3",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1930",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1930/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s4",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1930",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1930/summary/"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00",
      "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:28:04+08:00",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 4,
      "body": "**1930 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 1930-10-30 至 1930-11-13 陆续公布[^s1]。\n\n## 本年度获奖情况\n\n| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |\n| --- | --- | ---: |\n| 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 1930-11-13 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔化学奖 | 1930-11-13 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 | 1930-10-30 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔文学奖 | 1930-11-05 | 1 |\n\n得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]、[[organization_nobel_foundation|诺贝尔基金会]]",
      "url": "/works/nobel-prize-1930.html",
      "lang": "id",
      "fallback": true,
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh",
        "en"
      ],
      "workKind": "ranking_list",
      "published": {
        "year": 1930,
        "precision": "year"
      },
      "language": "中文"
    },
    {
      "rankingTiers": [
        {
          "id": "physics",
          "label": "诺贝尔物理学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "chemistry",
          "label": "诺贝尔化学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "medicine",
          "label": "诺贝尔生理学或医学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "literature",
          "label": "诺贝尔文学奖"
        }
      ],
      "rankingColumns": [
        {
          "key": "motivation",
          "label": "获奖理由"
        },
        {
          "key": "affiliation",
          "label": "获奖时所属机构"
        }
      ],
      "rankingEntries": [
        {
          "name": "路易·德布罗意",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_36",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his discovery of the wave nature of electrons"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Sorbonne University, Institut Henri Poincaré"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "阿瑟·哈登",
          "tier": "chemistry",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_186",
          "sourceId": "s2",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their investigations on the fermentation of sugar and fermentative enzymes"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "London University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "汉斯·冯·奥伊勒-切尔平",
          "tier": "chemistry",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_187",
          "sourceId": "s2",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their investigations on the fermentation of sugar and fermentative enzymes"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Stockholm University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "克里斯蒂安·艾克曼",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_319",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his discovery of the antineuritic vitamin"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Utrecht University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "弗雷德里克·霍普金斯",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_320",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his discovery of the growth-stimulating vitamins"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "University of Cambridge"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "托马斯·曼",
          "tier": "literature",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_602",
          "sourceId": "s4",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "principally for his great novel, \u003cI\u003eBuddenbrooks\u003c/I\u003e, which has won steadily increased recognition as one of the classic works of contemporary literature"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "id": "work_nobel_prize_1929",
      "type": "work",
      "title": "1929 年诺贝尔奖",
      "slug": "nobel-prize-1929",
      "aliases": [
        "Nobel Prize 1929",
        "1929诺贝尔奖"
      ],
      "summary": "1929 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 4 个奖项、6 位得主，获奖名单在 1929-10-31 至 1929-11-12 陆续公布：诺贝尔物理学奖 1 位，诺贝尔化学奖 2 位，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 2 位，诺贝尔文学奖 1 位。",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-awards"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-nobel-prize"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "s1",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1929",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1929/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s2",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1929",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1929/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s3",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1929",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1929/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s4",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1929",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1929/summary/"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00",
      "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:27:59+08:00",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 4,
      "body": "**1929 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 1929-10-31 至 1929-11-12 陆续公布[^s1]。\n\n## 本年度获奖情况\n\n| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |\n| --- | --- | ---: |\n| 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 1929-11-12 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔化学奖 | 1929-11-12 | 2 |\n| 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 | 1929-10-31 | 2 |\n| 诺贝尔文学奖 | 1929-11-12 | 1 |\n\n得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]、[[organization_nobel_foundation|诺贝尔基金会]]",
      "url": "/works/nobel-prize-1929.html",
      "lang": "id",
      "fallback": true,
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh",
        "en"
      ],
      "workKind": "ranking_list",
      "published": {
        "year": 1929,
        "precision": "year"
      },
      "language": "中文"
    },
    {
      "rankingTiers": [
        {
          "id": "physics",
          "label": "诺贝尔物理学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "chemistry",
          "label": "诺贝尔化学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "medicine",
          "label": "诺贝尔生理学或医学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "literature",
          "label": "诺贝尔文学奖"
        }
      ],
      "rankingColumns": [
        {
          "key": "motivation",
          "label": "获奖理由"
        },
        {
          "key": "affiliation",
          "label": "获奖时所属机构"
        }
      ],
      "rankingEntries": [
        {
          "name": "欧文·理查森",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_35",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his work on the thermionic phenomenon and especially for the discovery of the law named after him"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "London University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "阿道夫·温道斯",
          "tier": "chemistry",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_185",
          "sourceId": "s2",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for the services rendered through his research into the constitution of the sterols and their connection with the vitamins"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Goettingen University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "夏尔·尼科勒",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_318",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his work on typhus"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Institut Pasteur"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "西格丽德·温塞特",
          "tier": "literature",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_601",
          "sourceId": "s4",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "principally for her powerful descriptions of Northern life during the Middle Ages"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "id": "work_nobel_prize_1928",
      "type": "work",
      "title": "1928 年诺贝尔奖",
      "slug": "nobel-prize-1928",
      "aliases": [
        "Nobel Prize 1928",
        "1928诺贝尔奖"
      ],
      "summary": "1928 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 4 个奖项、4 位得主，获奖名单在 1928-10-25 至 1929-11-12 陆续公布：诺贝尔物理学奖 1 位，诺贝尔化学奖 1 位，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 1 位，诺贝尔文学奖 1 位。",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-awards"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-nobel-prize"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "s1",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1928",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1928/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s2",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1928",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1928/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s3",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1928",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1928/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s4",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1928",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1928/summary/"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00",
      "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:27:56+08:00",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 4,
      "body": "**1928 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 1928-10-25 至 1929-11-12 陆续公布[^s1]。\n\n## 本年度获奖情况\n\n| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |\n| --- | --- | ---: |\n| 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 1929-11-12 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔化学奖 | 1928-11-13 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 | 1928-10-25 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔文学奖 | 1928-11-13 | 1 |\n\n得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]、[[organization_nobel_foundation|诺贝尔基金会]]",
      "url": "/works/nobel-prize-1928.html",
      "lang": "id",
      "fallback": true,
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh",
        "en"
      ],
      "workKind": "ranking_list",
      "published": {
        "year": 1928,
        "precision": "year"
      },
      "language": "中文"
    },
    {
      "id": "person_wang_yunwu",
      "type": "person",
      "title": "王云五",
      "slug": "wang-yunwu",
      "aliases": [
        "王雲五",
        "Wang Yunwu",
        "王之瑞",
        "王岫庐"
      ],
      "summary": "王云五（1888年—1979年）是中国出版家、学者和政治家，1920至30年代主理商务印书馆，发明四角号码检字法，1948年任财政部部长，晚年在台湾主持台湾商务印书馆。",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-people",
        "category-historical-figures",
        "category-history"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-publishing",
        "tag-modern-china",
        "tag-education"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "s1",
          "title": "王云五",
          "author": "维基百科",
          "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-cn/王云五",
          "locator": "2026-11-01 访问"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-11-01T03:27:55+08:00",
      "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:27:55+08:00",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 1,
      "body": "**王云五**（1888年—1979年），原名之瑞，字岫庐，是中国学者、教育家、出版家和政治家，籍贯广东香山，生于[[place_shanghai|上海]][^s1]。\n\n## 生平\n\n王云五自学成材，14岁起在五金店当学徒，晚间学习英文，后在中国公学教授英文[^s1]。[[person_hushi|胡适]]在中国公学求学时受其影响很大[^s1]。1912年，他任孙中山临时大总统府秘书，同年随教育总长[[person_cn_q19796|蔡元培]]赴北京，任教育部科长[^s1]。\n\n1921年，经胡适推荐，王云五任[[organization_commercial|商务印书馆]]编译所所长，1930年起任总经理[^s1]。1932年商务印书馆与东方图书馆在淞沪战事中几乎全被日军炸毁，他向银行借款救济员工，经过两年恢复了该馆的运作[^s1]。抗日战争期间，商务印书馆在他主持下继续出版[^s1]。\n\n战时他以参政员身份活跃于政坛，1946年任国民政府经济部部长，1947年任行政院副院长[^s1]。1948年，他任行宪后第一任财政部部长，推行金圆券币制改革，引发恶性通货膨胀，数月后内阁总辞[^s1]。\n\n1949年后，王云五到台湾，历任考试院副院长、行政院副院长，1963年曾短暂代理行政院院长[^s1]。1964年起任台湾商务印书馆董事长；1972年捐资创设云五图书馆基金会，并将全部藏书公开提供大众阅读[^s1]。1979年8月14日，他在[[place_taipei|台北]]逝世[^s1]。\n\n## 主要成就\n\n主理商务印书馆期间，王云五以“教育普及”和“学术独立”为方针，出版多种词典、百科全书及丛书，并以科学管理方法改革该馆[^s1]。他发明四角号码检字法，以此法编印《王云五大辞典》，并出版《万有文库》[^s1]。著有《物理与政治》《中外图书统一分类法》等[^s1]。\n\n## 影响\n\n黄仁宇在回忆录《黄河青山》中称他“是一流的出版家，甚至可能是中国首屈一指的出版家”[^s1]。他在台北的故居已改建为王云五纪念馆[^s1]。",
      "url": "/people/wang-yunwu.html",
      "lang": "id",
      "fallback": true,
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh"
      ],
      "birth": {
        "year": 1888,
        "month": 7,
        "day": 9,
        "precision": "day",
        "display": "1888年7月9日"
      },
      "death": {
        "year": 1979,
        "month": 8,
        "day": 14,
        "precision": "day",
        "display": "1979年8月14日"
      },
      "occupations": [
        "出版家",
        "学者",
        "政治人物"
      ],
      "nativePlace": "广东香山",
      "isFictional": false,
      "personCategory": "历史人物"
    },
    {
      "rankingTiers": [
        {
          "id": "physics",
          "label": "诺贝尔物理学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "chemistry",
          "label": "诺贝尔化学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "medicine",
          "label": "诺贝尔生理学或医学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "literature",
          "label": "诺贝尔文学奖"
        }
      ],
      "rankingColumns": [
        {
          "key": "motivation",
          "label": "获奖理由"
        },
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          "key": "affiliation",
          "label": "获奖时所属机构"
        }
      ],
      "rankingEntries": [
        {
          "name": "阿瑟·康普顿",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_33",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his discovery of the effect named after him"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "University of Chicago"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "查尔斯·威耳逊",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_34",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his method of making the paths of electrically charged particles visible by condensation of vapour"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "University of Cambridge"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "海因里希·奥托·威兰",
          "tier": "chemistry",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_184",
          "sourceId": "s2",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his investigations of the constitution of the bile acids and related substances"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Munich University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "朱利叶斯·瓦格纳-尧雷格",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_317",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his discovery of the therapeutic value of malaria inoculation in the treatment of dementia paralytica"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Vienna University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "亨利·柏格森",
          "tier": "literature",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_600",
          "sourceId": "s4",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "in recognition of his rich and vitalizing ideas and the brilliant skill with which they have been presented"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "id": "work_nobel_prize_1927",
      "type": "work",
      "title": "1927 年诺贝尔奖",
      "slug": "nobel-prize-1927",
      "aliases": [
        "Nobel Prize 1927",
        "1927诺贝尔奖"
      ],
      "summary": "1927 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 4 个奖项、5 位得主，获奖名单在 1927-10-27 至 1928-11-13 陆续公布：诺贝尔物理学奖 2 位，诺贝尔化学奖 1 位，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 1 位，诺贝尔文学奖 1 位。",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-awards"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-nobel-prize"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "s1",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1927",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1927/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s2",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1927",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1927/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s3",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1927",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1927/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s4",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1927",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1927/summary/"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00",
      "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:27:52+08:00",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 4,
      "body": "**1927 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 1927-10-27 至 1928-11-13 陆续公布[^s1]。\n\n## 本年度获奖情况\n\n| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |\n| --- | --- | ---: |\n| 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 1927-11-10 | 2 |\n| 诺贝尔化学奖 | 1928-11-13 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 | 1927-10-27 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔文学奖 | 1928-11-13 | 1 |\n\n得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]、[[organization_nobel_foundation|诺贝尔基金会]]",
      "url": "/works/nobel-prize-1927.html",
      "lang": "id",
      "fallback": true,
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh",
        "en"
      ],
      "workKind": "ranking_list",
      "published": {
        "year": 1927,
        "precision": "year"
      },
      "language": "中文"
    },
    {
      "rankingTiers": [
        {
          "id": "physics",
          "label": "诺贝尔物理学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "chemistry",
          "label": "诺贝尔化学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "medicine",
          "label": "诺贝尔生理学或医学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "literature",
          "label": "诺贝尔文学奖"
        }
      ],
      "rankingColumns": [
        {
          "key": "motivation",
          "label": "获奖理由"
        },
        {
          "key": "affiliation",
          "label": "获奖时所属机构"
        }
      ],
      "rankingEntries": [
        {
          "name": "让·佩兰",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_32",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his work on the discontinuous structure of matter, and especially for his discovery of sedimentation equilibrium"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Sorbonne University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "特奥多尔·斯韦德贝里",
          "tier": "chemistry",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_183",
          "sourceId": "s2",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his work on disperse systems"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Uppsala University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "约翰尼斯·菲比格",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_316",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his discovery of the Spiroptera carcinoma"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Copenhagen University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "格拉齐亚·黛莱达",
          "tier": "literature",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_597",
          "sourceId": "s4",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for her idealistically inspired writings which with plastic clarity picture the life on her native island and with depth and sympathy deal with human problems in general"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "id": "work_nobel_prize_1926",
      "type": "work",
      "title": "1926 年诺贝尔奖",
      "slug": "nobel-prize-1926",
      "aliases": [
        "Nobel Prize 1926",
        "1926诺贝尔奖"
      ],
      "summary": "1926 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 4 个奖项、4 位得主，获奖名单在 1926-11-11 至 1927-11-10 陆续公布：诺贝尔物理学奖 1 位，诺贝尔化学奖 1 位，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 1 位，诺贝尔文学奖 1 位。",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-awards"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-nobel-prize"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "s1",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1926",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1926/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s2",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1926",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1926/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s3",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1926",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1926/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s4",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1926",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1926/summary/"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00",
      "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:27:48+08:00",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 4,
      "body": "**1926 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 1926-11-11 至 1927-11-10 陆续公布[^s1]。\n\n## 本年度获奖情况\n\n| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |\n| --- | --- | ---: |\n| 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 1926-11-11 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔化学奖 | 1926-11-11 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 | 1927-10-27 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔文学奖 | 1927-11-10 | 1 |\n\n得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]、[[organization_nobel_foundation|诺贝尔基金会]]",
      "url": "/works/nobel-prize-1926.html",
      "lang": "id",
      "fallback": true,
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh",
        "en"
      ],
      "workKind": "ranking_list",
      "published": {
        "year": 1926,
        "precision": "year"
      },
      "language": "中文"
    },
    {
      "rankingTiers": [
        {
          "id": "physics",
          "label": "诺贝尔物理学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "chemistry",
          "label": "诺贝尔化学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "literature",
          "label": "诺贝尔文学奖"
        }
      ],
      "rankingColumns": [
        {
          "key": "motivation",
          "label": "获奖理由"
        },
        {
          "key": "affiliation",
          "label": "获奖时所属机构"
        }
      ],
      "rankingEntries": [
        {
          "name": "詹姆斯·弗兰克",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_30",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their discovery of the laws governing the impact of an electron upon an atom"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Goettingen University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "古斯塔夫·赫兹",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_31",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their discovery of the laws governing the impact of an electron upon an atom"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Halle University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "里夏德·阿道夫·席格蒙迪",
          "tier": "chemistry",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_182",
          "sourceId": "s2",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his demonstration of the heterogenous nature of colloid solutions and for the methods he used, which have since become fundamental in modern colloid chemistry"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Goettingen University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "萧伯纳",
          "tier": "literature",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_596",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his work which is marked by both idealism and humanity, its stimulating satire often being infused with a singular poetic beauty"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "id": "work_nobel_prize_1925",
      "type": "work",
      "title": "1925 年诺贝尔奖",
      "slug": "nobel-prize-1925",
      "aliases": [
        "Nobel Prize 1925",
        "1925诺贝尔奖"
      ],
      "summary": "1925 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 3 个奖项、4 位得主，获奖名单在 1926-11-11 陆续公布：诺贝尔物理学奖 2 位，诺贝尔化学奖 1 位，诺贝尔文学奖 1 位。",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-awards"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-nobel-prize"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "s1",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1925",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1925/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s2",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1925",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1925/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s3",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1925",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1925/summary/"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00",
      "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:27:44+08:00",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 4,
      "body": "**1925 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 1926-11-11 陆续公布[^s1]。\n\n## 本年度获奖情况\n\n| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |\n| --- | --- | ---: |\n| 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 1926-11-11 | 2 |\n| 诺贝尔化学奖 | 1926-11-11 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔文学奖 | 1926-11-11 | 1 |\n\n得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]、[[organization_nobel_foundation|诺贝尔基金会]]",
      "url": "/works/nobel-prize-1925.html",
      "lang": "id",
      "fallback": true,
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh",
        "en"
      ],
      "workKind": "ranking_list",
      "published": {
        "year": 1925,
        "precision": "year"
      },
      "language": "中文"
    },
    {
      "rankingTiers": [
        {
          "id": "physics",
          "label": "诺贝尔物理学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "medicine",
          "label": "诺贝尔生理学或医学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "literature",
          "label": "诺贝尔文学奖"
        }
      ],
      "rankingColumns": [
        {
          "key": "motivation",
          "label": "获奖理由"
        },
        {
          "key": "affiliation",
          "label": "获奖时所属机构"
        }
      ],
      "rankingEntries": [
        {
          "name": "曼内·西格巴恩",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_29",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his discoveries and research in the field of X-ray spectroscopy"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Uppsala University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "威廉·埃因托芬",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_315",
          "sourceId": "s2",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his discovery of the mechanism of the electrocardiogram"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Leiden University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "瓦迪斯瓦夫·雷蒙特",
          "tier": "literature",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_594",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his great national epic, \u003cI\u003eThe Peasants\u003c/I\u003e"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "id": "work_nobel_prize_1924",
      "type": "work",
      "title": "1924 年诺贝尔奖",
      "slug": "nobel-prize-1924",
      "aliases": [
        "Nobel Prize 1924",
        "1924诺贝尔奖"
      ],
      "summary": "1924 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 3 个奖项、3 位得主，获奖名单在 1924-10-23 至 1925-11-12 陆续公布：诺贝尔物理学奖 1 位，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 1 位，诺贝尔文学奖 1 位。",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-awards"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-nobel-prize"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "s1",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1924",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1924/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s2",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1924",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1924/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s3",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1924",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1924/summary/"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00",
      "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:27:40+08:00",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 4,
      "body": "**1924 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 1924-10-23 至 1925-11-12 陆续公布[^s1]。\n\n## 本年度获奖情况\n\n| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |\n| --- | --- | ---: |\n| 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 1925-11-12 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 | 1924-10-23 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔文学奖 | 1924-11-13 | 1 |\n\n得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]、[[organization_nobel_foundation|诺贝尔基金会]]",
      "url": "/works/nobel-prize-1924.html",
      "lang": "id",
      "fallback": true,
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh",
        "en"
      ],
      "workKind": "ranking_list",
      "published": {
        "year": 1924,
        "precision": "year"
      },
      "language": "中文"
    },
    {
      "rankingTiers": [
        {
          "id": "physics",
          "label": "诺贝尔物理学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "chemistry",
          "label": "诺贝尔化学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "medicine",
          "label": "诺贝尔生理学或医学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "literature",
          "label": "诺贝尔文学奖"
        }
      ],
      "rankingColumns": [
        {
          "key": "motivation",
          "label": "获奖理由"
        },
        {
          "key": "affiliation",
          "label": "获奖时所属机构"
        }
      ],
      "rankingEntries": [
        {
          "name": "罗伯特·安德鲁·密立根",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_28",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his work on the elementary charge of electricity and on the photoelectric effect"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "California Institute of Technology (Caltech)"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "弗里茨·普雷格尔",
          "tier": "chemistry",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_181",
          "sourceId": "s2",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his invention of the method of micro-analysis of organic substances"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Graz University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "弗雷德里克·班廷",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_313",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for the discovery of insulin"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "University of Toronto"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "约翰·麦克劳德",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_314",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for the discovery of insulin"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "University of Toronto"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "威廉·巴特勒·叶芝",
          "tier": "literature",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_593",
          "sourceId": "s4",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his always inspired poetry, which in a highly artistic form gives expression to the spirit of a whole nation"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "id": "work_nobel_prize_1923",
      "type": "work",
      "title": "1923 年诺贝尔奖",
      "slug": "nobel-prize-1923",
      "aliases": [
        "Nobel Prize 1923",
        "1923诺贝尔奖"
      ],
      "summary": "1923 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 4 个奖项、5 位得主，获奖名单在 1923-10-25 至 1923-11-14 陆续公布：诺贝尔物理学奖 1 位，诺贝尔化学奖 1 位，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 2 位，诺贝尔文学奖 1 位。",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-awards"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-nobel-prize"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "s1",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1923",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1923/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s2",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1923",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1923/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s3",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1923",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1923/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s4",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1923",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1923/summary/"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00",
      "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:27:36+08:00",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 4,
      "body": "**1923 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 1923-10-25 至 1923-11-14 陆续公布[^s1]。\n\n## 本年度获奖情况\n\n| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |\n| --- | --- | ---: |\n| 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 1923-11-13 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔化学奖 | 1923-11-13 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 | 1923-10-25 | 2 |\n| 诺贝尔文学奖 | 1923-11-14 | 1 |\n\n得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]、[[organization_nobel_foundation|诺贝尔基金会]]",
      "url": "/works/nobel-prize-1923.html",
      "lang": "id",
      "fallback": true,
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh",
        "en"
      ],
      "workKind": "ranking_list",
      "published": {
        "year": 1923,
        "precision": "year"
      },
      "language": "中文"
    },
    {
      "rankingTiers": [
        {
          "id": "physics",
          "label": "诺贝尔物理学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "chemistry",
          "label": "诺贝尔化学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "medicine",
          "label": "诺贝尔生理学或医学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "literature",
          "label": "诺贝尔文学奖"
        }
      ],
      "rankingColumns": [
        {
          "key": "motivation",
          "label": "获奖理由"
        },
        {
          "key": "affiliation",
          "label": "获奖时所属机构"
        }
      ],
      "rankingEntries": [
        {
          "name": "尼尔斯·玻尔",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_27",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his services in the investigation of the structure of atoms and of the radiation emanating from them"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Copenhagen University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "弗朗西斯·阿斯顿",
          "tier": "chemistry",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_180",
          "sourceId": "s2",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his discovery, by means of his mass spectrograph, of isotopes, in a large number of non-radioactive elements, and for his enunciation of the whole-number rule"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "University of Cambridge"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "阿奇博尔德·希尔",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_311",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his discovery relating to the production of heat in the muscle"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "London University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "奥托·迈尔霍夫",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_312",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his discovery of the fixed relationship between the consumption of oxygen and the metabolism of lactic acid in the muscle"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Kiel University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "哈辛托·贝纳文特",
          "tier": "literature",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_592",
          "sourceId": "s4",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for the happy manner in which he has continued the illustrious traditions of the Spanish drama"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "id": "work_nobel_prize_1922",
      "type": "work",
      "title": "1922 年诺贝尔奖",
      "slug": "nobel-prize-1922",
      "aliases": [
        "Nobel Prize 1922",
        "1922诺贝尔奖"
      ],
      "summary": "1922 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 4 个奖项、5 位得主，获奖名单在 1922-10-25 至 1922-11-09 陆续公布：诺贝尔物理学奖 1 位，诺贝尔化学奖 1 位，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 2 位，诺贝尔文学奖 1 位。",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-awards"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-nobel-prize"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "s1",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1922",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1922/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s2",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1922",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1922/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s3",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1922",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1922/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s4",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1922",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1922/summary/"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00",
      "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:27:31+08:00",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 4,
      "body": "**1922 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 1922-10-25 至 1922-11-09 陆续公布[^s1]。\n\n## 本年度获奖情况\n\n| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |\n| --- | --- | ---: |\n| 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 1922-11-09 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔化学奖 | 1922-11-09 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 | 1922-10-25 | 2 |\n| 诺贝尔文学奖 | 1922-11-09 | 1 |\n\n得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]、[[organization_nobel_foundation|诺贝尔基金会]]",
      "url": "/works/nobel-prize-1922.html",
      "lang": "id",
      "fallback": true,
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh",
        "en"
      ],
      "workKind": "ranking_list",
      "published": {
        "year": 1922,
        "precision": "year"
      },
      "language": "中文"
    },
    {
      "rankingTiers": [
        {
          "id": "physics",
          "label": "诺贝尔物理学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "chemistry",
          "label": "诺贝尔化学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "literature",
          "label": "诺贝尔文学奖"
        }
      ],
      "rankingColumns": [
        {
          "key": "motivation",
          "label": "获奖理由"
        },
        {
          "key": "affiliation",
          "label": "获奖时所属机构"
        }
      ],
      "rankingEntries": [
        {
          "name": "阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_26",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his services to Theoretical Physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Max-Planck-Institut) für Physik"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "弗雷德里克·索迪",
          "tier": "chemistry",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_179",
          "sourceId": "s2",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his contributions to our knowledge of the chemistry of radioactive substances, and his investigations into the origin and nature of isotopes"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "University of Oxford"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "阿纳托尔·法朗士",
          "tier": "literature",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_590",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "in recognition of his brilliant literary achievements, characterized as they are by a nobility of style, a profound human sympathy, grace, and a true Gallic temperament"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "id": "work_nobel_prize_1921",
      "type": "work",
      "title": "1921 年诺贝尔奖",
      "slug": "nobel-prize-1921",
      "aliases": [
        "Nobel Prize 1921",
        "1921诺贝尔奖"
      ],
      "summary": "1921 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 3 个奖项、3 位得主，获奖名单在 1921-11-10 至 1922-11-09 陆续公布：诺贝尔物理学奖 1 位，诺贝尔化学奖 1 位，诺贝尔文学奖 1 位。",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-awards"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-nobel-prize"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "s1",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1921",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1921/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s2",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1921",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1921/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s3",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1921",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1921/summary/"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00",
      "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:27:27+08:00",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 4,
      "body": "**1921 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 1921-11-10 至 1922-11-09 陆续公布[^s1]。\n\n## 本年度获奖情况\n\n| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |\n| --- | --- | ---: |\n| 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 1922-11-09 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔化学奖 | 1922-11-09 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔文学奖 | 1921-11-10 | 1 |\n\n得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]、[[organization_nobel_foundation|诺贝尔基金会]]",
      "url": "/works/nobel-prize-1921.html",
      "lang": "id",
      "fallback": true,
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh",
        "en"
      ],
      "workKind": "ranking_list",
      "published": {
        "year": 1921,
        "precision": "year"
      },
      "language": "中文"
    },
    {
      "rankingTiers": [
        {
          "id": "physics",
          "label": "诺贝尔物理学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "chemistry",
          "label": "诺贝尔化学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "medicine",
          "label": "诺贝尔生理学或医学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "literature",
          "label": "诺贝尔文学奖"
        }
      ],
      "rankingColumns": [
        {
          "key": "motivation",
          "label": "获奖理由"
        },
        {
          "key": "affiliation",
          "label": "获奖时所属机构"
        }
      ],
      "rankingEntries": [
        {
          "name": "夏尔·爱德华·纪尧姆",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_25",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "in recognition of the service he has rendered to precision measurements in Physics by his discovery of anomalies in nickel steel alloys"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (International Bureau of Weights and Measures)"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "瓦尔特·能斯特",
          "tier": "chemistry",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_178",
          "sourceId": "s2",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "in recognition of his work in thermochemistry"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Berlin University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "奥古斯特·克罗",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_310",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his discovery of the capillary motor regulating mechanism"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Copenhagen University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "克努特·汉姆生",
          "tier": "literature",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_589",
          "sourceId": "s4",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his monumental work, \u003cI\u003eGrowth of the Soil\u003c/I\u003e"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "id": "work_nobel_prize_1920",
      "type": "work",
      "title": "1920 年诺贝尔奖",
      "slug": "nobel-prize-1920",
      "aliases": [
        "Nobel Prize 1920",
        "1920诺贝尔奖"
      ],
      "summary": "1920 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 4 个奖项、4 位得主，获奖名单在 1920-10-28 至 1921-11-10 陆续公布：诺贝尔物理学奖 1 位，诺贝尔化学奖 1 位，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 1 位，诺贝尔文学奖 1 位。",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-awards"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-nobel-prize"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "s1",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1920",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1920/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s2",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1920",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1920/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s3",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1920",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1920/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s4",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1920",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1920/summary/"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00",
      "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:27:23+08:00",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 4,
      "body": "**1920 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 1920-10-28 至 1921-11-10 陆续公布[^s1]。\n\n## 本年度获奖情况\n\n| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |\n| --- | --- | ---: |\n| 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 1920-11-11 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔化学奖 | 1921-11-10 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 | 1920-10-28 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔文学奖 | 1920-11-11 | 1 |\n\n得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]、[[organization_nobel_foundation|诺贝尔基金会]]",
      "url": "/works/nobel-prize-1920.html",
      "lang": "id",
      "fallback": true,
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh",
        "en"
      ],
      "workKind": "ranking_list",
      "published": {
        "year": 1920,
        "precision": "year"
      },
      "language": "中文"
    },
    {
      "id": "person_zhang_yuanji",
      "type": "person",
      "title": "张元济",
      "slug": "zhang-yuanji",
      "aliases": [
        "張元濟",
        "Zhang Yuanji",
        "张菊生",
        "张筱斋"
      ],
      "summary": "张元济（1867年—1959年）是中国出版家，清末进士，长期主持商务印书馆并曾任董事长，1948年当选中央研究院第一届院士。",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-people",
        "category-historical-figures",
        "category-history"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-publishing",
        "tag-modern-china"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "s1",
          "title": "张元济",
          "author": "维基百科",
          "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-cn/张元济",
          "locator": "2026-11-01 访问"
        },
        {
          "id": "s2",
          "title": "商务印书馆",
          "author": "维基百科",
          "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/商务印书馆",
          "locator": "2026-11-01 访问"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-11-01T03:27:00+08:00",
      "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:27:18+08:00",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 2,
      "body": "**张元济**（1867年—1959年），字筱斋，号菊生，是中国出版家，祖籍[[place_cn_330424|浙江海盐]]，生于[[place_guangzhou|广州]]府[^s1]。\n\n## 生平\n\n张元济于光绪十八年（1892年）中进士，同年改翰林院庶吉士，散馆后任刑部主事，曾任总理各国事务衙门章京[^s1]。甲午战争后，他投身维新运动，1897年在北京创办学堂；戊戌变法失败后被革职，转任上海南洋公学译书院院长[^s1]。\n\n1901年，张元济投资[[organization_commercial|商务印书馆]]并主持该馆编译工作，倡议设立编译所，聘[[person_cn_q19796|蔡元培]]为所长，主持编定教科书[^s1]。此后他长期主持商务印书馆，后任董事长[^s1]。1932年商务印书馆总厂在“一·二八事变”中被毁后，董事会成立特别委员会办理善后，由他任委员长[^s2]。\n\n1948年，张元济当选中央研究院第一届院士；次年担任第一届全国政协委员和第一届全国人大代表[^s1]。1959年8月14日，他在[[place_shanghai|上海]]逝世[^s1]。\n\n## 主要成就\n\n张元济著有《涵芬楼烬余书录》《宝礼堂宋本书录》《涉园序跋集录》《校史随笔》等[^s1]。叶圣陶评价说：“张先生把商务看成是他的终生事业。”[^s1]",
      "url": "/people/zhang-yuanji.html",
      "lang": "id",
      "fallback": true,
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh"
      ],
      "birth": {
        "year": 1867,
        "month": 10,
        "day": 25,
        "precision": "day",
        "display": "1867年10月25日"
      },
      "death": {
        "year": 1959,
        "month": 8,
        "day": 14,
        "precision": "day",
        "display": "1959年8月14日"
      },
      "occupations": [
        "出版家"
      ],
      "nativePlace": "浙江海盐",
      "isFictional": false,
      "personCategory": "历史人物"
    },
    {
      "rankingTiers": [
        {
          "id": "physics",
          "label": "诺贝尔物理学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "medicine",
          "label": "诺贝尔生理学或医学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "literature",
          "label": "诺贝尔文学奖"
        }
      ],
      "rankingColumns": [
        {
          "key": "motivation",
          "label": "获奖理由"
        },
        {
          "key": "affiliation",
          "label": "获奖时所属机构"
        }
      ],
      "rankingEntries": [
        {
          "name": "约翰内斯·斯塔克",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_24",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his discovery of the Doppler effect in canal rays and the splitting of spectral lines in electric fields"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Greifswald University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "朱尔·博尔代",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_309",
          "sourceId": "s2",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his discoveries relating to immunity"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Brussels University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "卡尔·施皮特勒",
          "tier": "literature",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_588",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "in special appreciation of his epic, \u003cI\u003eOlympian Spring\u003c/I\u003e"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "id": "work_nobel_prize_1919",
      "type": "work",
      "title": "1919 年诺贝尔奖",
      "slug": "nobel-prize-1919",
      "aliases": [
        "Nobel Prize 1919",
        "1919诺贝尔奖"
      ],
      "summary": "1919 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 3 个奖项、3 位得主，获奖名单在 1919-11-13 至 1920-11-11 陆续公布：诺贝尔物理学奖 1 位，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 1 位，诺贝尔文学奖 1 位。",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-awards"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-nobel-prize"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "s1",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1919",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1919/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s2",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1919",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1919/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s3",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1919",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1919/summary/"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00",
      "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:27:18+08:00",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 4,
      "body": "**1919 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 1919-11-13 至 1920-11-11 陆续公布[^s1]。\n\n## 本年度获奖情况\n\n| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |\n| --- | --- | ---: |\n| 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 1919-11-13 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 | 1920-10-28 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔文学奖 | 1920-11-11 | 1 |\n\n得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]、[[organization_nobel_foundation|诺贝尔基金会]]",
      "url": "/works/nobel-prize-1919.html",
      "lang": "id",
      "fallback": true,
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh",
        "en"
      ],
      "workKind": "ranking_list",
      "published": {
        "year": 1919,
        "precision": "year"
      },
      "language": "中文"
    },
    {
      "rankingTiers": [
        {
          "id": "physics",
          "label": "诺贝尔物理学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "chemistry",
          "label": "诺贝尔化学奖"
        }
      ],
      "rankingColumns": [
        {
          "key": "motivation",
          "label": "获奖理由"
        },
        {
          "key": "affiliation",
          "label": "获奖时所属机构"
        }
      ],
      "rankingEntries": [
        {
          "name": "马克斯·普朗克",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_23",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "in recognition of the services he rendered to the advancement of Physics by his discovery of energy quanta"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Berlin University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "弗里茨·哈伯",
          "tier": "chemistry",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_177",
          "sourceId": "s2",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for the synthesis of ammonia from its elements"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Fritz-Haber-Institut) für physikalische Chemie und Electrochemie"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "id": "work_nobel_prize_1918",
      "type": "work",
      "title": "1918 年诺贝尔奖",
      "slug": "nobel-prize-1918",
      "aliases": [
        "Nobel Prize 1918",
        "1918诺贝尔奖"
      ],
      "summary": "1918 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 2 个奖项、2 位得主，获奖名单在 1919-11-13 陆续公布：诺贝尔物理学奖 1 位，诺贝尔化学奖 1 位。",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-awards"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-nobel-prize"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "s1",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1918",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1918/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s2",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1918",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1918/summary/"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00",
      "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:27:14+08:00",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 4,
      "body": "**1918 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 1919-11-13 陆续公布[^s1]。\n\n## 本年度获奖情况\n\n| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |\n| --- | --- | ---: |\n| 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 1919-11-13 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔化学奖 | 1919-11-13 | 1 |\n\n得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]、[[organization_nobel_foundation|诺贝尔基金会]]",
      "url": "/works/nobel-prize-1918.html",
      "lang": "id",
      "fallback": true,
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh",
        "en"
      ],
      "workKind": "ranking_list",
      "published": {
        "year": 1918,
        "precision": "year"
      },
      "language": "中文"
    },
    {
      "rankingTiers": [
        {
          "id": "physics",
          "label": "诺贝尔物理学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "literature",
          "label": "诺贝尔文学奖"
        }
      ],
      "rankingColumns": [
        {
          "key": "motivation",
          "label": "获奖理由"
        },
        {
          "key": "affiliation",
          "label": "获奖时所属机构"
        }
      ],
      "rankingEntries": [
        {
          "name": "查尔斯·格洛弗·巴克拉",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_22",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his discovery of the characteristic R\u0026ouml;ntgen radiation of the elements"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Edinburgh University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "卡尔·阿道夫·盖勒鲁普",
          "tier": "literature",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_586",
          "sourceId": "s2",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his varied and rich poetry, which is inspired by lofty ideals"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "亨利克·蓬托皮丹",
          "tier": "literature",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_587",
          "sourceId": "s2",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his authentic descriptions of present-day life in Denmark"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "id": "work_nobel_prize_1917",
      "type": "work",
      "title": "1917 年诺贝尔奖",
      "slug": "nobel-prize-1917",
      "aliases": [
        "Nobel Prize 1917",
        "1917诺贝尔奖"
      ],
      "summary": "1917 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 2 个奖项、3 位得主，获奖名单在 1917-11-08 至 1918-11-12 陆续公布：诺贝尔物理学奖 1 位，诺贝尔文学奖 2 位。",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-awards"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-nobel-prize"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "s1",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1917",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1917/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s2",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1917",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1917/summary/"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00",
      "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:27:10+08:00",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 4,
      "body": "**1917 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 1917-11-08 至 1918-11-12 陆续公布[^s1]。\n\n## 本年度获奖情况\n\n| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |\n| --- | --- | ---: |\n| 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 1918-11-12 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔文学奖 | 1917-11-08 | 2 |\n\n得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]、[[organization_nobel_foundation|诺贝尔基金会]]",
      "url": "/works/nobel-prize-1917.html",
      "lang": "id",
      "fallback": true,
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh",
        "en"
      ],
      "workKind": "ranking_list",
      "published": {
        "year": 1917,
        "precision": "year"
      },
      "language": "中文"
    },
    {
      "rankingTiers": [
        {
          "id": "literature",
          "label": "诺贝尔文学奖"
        }
      ],
      "rankingColumns": [
        {
          "key": "motivation",
          "label": "获奖理由"
        },
        {
          "key": "affiliation",
          "label": "获奖时所属机构"
        }
      ],
      "rankingEntries": [
        {
          "name": "维尔纳·冯·海登斯坦",
          "tier": "literature",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_585",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "in recognition of his significance as the leading representative of a new era in our literature"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "id": "work_nobel_prize_1916",
      "type": "work",
      "title": "1916 年诺贝尔奖",
      "slug": "nobel-prize-1916",
      "aliases": [
        "Nobel Prize 1916",
        "1916诺贝尔奖"
      ],
      "summary": "1916 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 1 个奖项、1 位得主，获奖名单在 1916-11-09 陆续公布：诺贝尔文学奖 1 位。",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-awards"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-nobel-prize"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "s1",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1916",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1916/summary/"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00",
      "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:27:05+08:00",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 4,
      "body": "**1916 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 1916-11-09 陆续公布[^s1]。\n\n## 本年度获奖情况\n\n| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |\n| --- | --- | ---: |\n| 诺贝尔文学奖 | 1916-11-09 | 1 |\n\n得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]、[[organization_nobel_foundation|诺贝尔基金会]]",
      "url": "/works/nobel-prize-1916.html",
      "lang": "id",
      "fallback": true,
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh",
        "en"
      ],
      "workKind": "ranking_list",
      "published": {
        "year": 1916,
        "precision": "year"
      },
      "language": "中文"
    },
    {
      "rankingTiers": [
        {
          "id": "physics",
          "label": "诺贝尔物理学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "chemistry",
          "label": "诺贝尔化学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "literature",
          "label": "诺贝尔文学奖"
        }
      ],
      "rankingColumns": [
        {
          "key": "motivation",
          "label": "获奖理由"
        },
        {
          "key": "affiliation",
          "label": "获奖时所属机构"
        }
      ],
      "rankingEntries": [
        {
          "name": "威廉·亨利·布拉格",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_20",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their services in the analysis of crystal structure by means of X-rays"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "University College"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "威廉·劳伦斯·布拉格",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_21",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their services in the analysis of crystal structure by means of X-rays"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Victoria University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "里夏德·维尔施泰特",
          "tier": "chemistry",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_176",
          "sourceId": "s2",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his researches on plant pigments, especially chlorophyll"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Max-Planck Institut) für Chemie"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "罗曼·罗兰",
          "tier": "literature",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_584",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "as a tribute to the lofty idealism of his literary production and to the sympathy and love of truth with which he has described different types of human beings"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "id": "work_nobel_prize_1915",
      "type": "work",
      "title": "1915 年诺贝尔奖",
      "slug": "nobel-prize-1915",
      "aliases": [
        "Nobel Prize 1915",
        "1915诺贝尔奖"
      ],
      "summary": "1915 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 3 个奖项、4 位得主，获奖名单在 1915-11-11 至 1916-11-09 陆续公布：诺贝尔物理学奖 2 位，诺贝尔化学奖 1 位，诺贝尔文学奖 1 位。",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-awards"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-nobel-prize"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "s1",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1915",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1915/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s2",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1915",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1915/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s3",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1915",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1915/summary/"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00",
      "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:27:02+08:00",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 4,
      "body": "**1915 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 1915-11-11 至 1916-11-09 陆续公布[^s1]。\n\n## 本年度获奖情况\n\n| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |\n| --- | --- | ---: |\n| 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 1915-11-12 | 2 |\n| 诺贝尔化学奖 | 1915-11-11 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔文学奖 | 1916-11-09 | 1 |\n\n得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]、[[organization_nobel_foundation|诺贝尔基金会]]",
      "url": "/works/nobel-prize-1915.html",
      "lang": "id",
      "fallback": true,
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh",
        "en"
      ],
      "workKind": "ranking_list",
      "published": {
        "year": 1915,
        "precision": "year"
      },
      "language": "中文"
    },
    {
      "rankingTiers": [
        {
          "id": "physics",
          "label": "诺贝尔物理学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "chemistry",
          "label": "诺贝尔化学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "medicine",
          "label": "诺贝尔生理学或医学奖"
        }
      ],
      "rankingColumns": [
        {
          "key": "motivation",
          "label": "获奖理由"
        },
        {
          "key": "affiliation",
          "label": "获奖时所属机构"
        }
      ],
      "rankingEntries": [
        {
          "name": "马克斯·冯·劳厄",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_19",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his discovery of the diffraction of X-rays by crystals"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Frankfurt-on-the-Main University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "西奥多·威廉·理查兹",
          "tier": "chemistry",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_175",
          "sourceId": "s2",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "in recognition of his accurate determinations of the atomic weight of a large number of chemical elements"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Harvard University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "罗伯特·巴拉尼",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_308",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his work on the physiology and pathology of the vestibular apparatus"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Vienna University"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "id": "work_nobel_prize_1914",
      "type": "work",
      "title": "1914 年诺贝尔奖",
      "slug": "nobel-prize-1914",
      "aliases": [
        "Nobel Prize 1914",
        "1914诺贝尔奖"
      ],
      "summary": "1914 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 3 个奖项、3 位得主，获奖名单在 1915-10-29 至 1915-11-11 陆续公布：诺贝尔物理学奖 1 位，诺贝尔化学奖 1 位，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 1 位。",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-awards"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-nobel-prize"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "s1",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1914",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1914/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s2",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1914",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1914/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s3",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1914",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1914/summary/"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00",
      "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:26:57+08:00",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 4,
      "body": "**1914 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 1915-10-29 至 1915-11-11 陆续公布[^s1]。\n\n## 本年度获奖情况\n\n| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |\n| --- | --- | ---: |\n| 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 1915-11-11 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔化学奖 | 1915-11-11 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 | 1915-10-29 | 1 |\n\n得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]、[[organization_nobel_foundation|诺贝尔基金会]]",
      "url": "/works/nobel-prize-1914.html",
      "lang": "id",
      "fallback": true,
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh",
        "en"
      ],
      "workKind": "ranking_list",
      "published": {
        "year": 1914,
        "precision": "year"
      },
      "language": "中文"
    },
    {
      "rankingTiers": [
        {
          "id": "physics",
          "label": "诺贝尔物理学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "chemistry",
          "label": "诺贝尔化学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "medicine",
          "label": "诺贝尔生理学或医学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "literature",
          "label": "诺贝尔文学奖"
        }
      ],
      "rankingColumns": [
        {
          "key": "motivation",
          "label": "获奖理由"
        },
        {
          "key": "affiliation",
          "label": "获奖时所属机构"
        }
      ],
      "rankingEntries": [
        {
          "name": "海克·卡末林·昂内斯",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_18",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his investigations on the properties of matter at low temperatures which led, inter alia, to the production of liquid helium"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Leiden University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "阿尔弗雷德·维尔纳",
          "tier": "chemistry",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_174",
          "sourceId": "s2",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "in recognition of his work on the linkage of atoms in molecules by which he has thrown new light on earlier investigations and opened up new fields of research especially in inorganic chemistry"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "University of Zurich"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "夏尔·罗贝尔·里歇",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_307",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "in recognition of his work on anaphylaxis"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Sorbonne University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "罗宾德拉纳特·泰戈尔",
          "tier": "literature",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_583",
          "sourceId": "s4",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "because of his profoundly sensitive, fresh and beautiful verse, by which, with consummate skill, he has made his poetic thought, expressed in his own English words, a part of the literature of the West"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "id": "work_nobel_prize_1913",
      "type": "work",
      "title": "1913 年诺贝尔奖",
      "slug": "nobel-prize-1913",
      "aliases": [
        "Nobel Prize 1913",
        "1913诺贝尔奖"
      ],
      "summary": "1913 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 4 个奖项、4 位得主，获奖名单在 1913-10-30 至 1913-11-13 陆续公布：诺贝尔物理学奖 1 位，诺贝尔化学奖 1 位，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 1 位，诺贝尔文学奖 1 位。",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-awards"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-nobel-prize"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "s1",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1913",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1913/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s2",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1913",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1913/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s3",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1913",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1913/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s4",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1913",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1913/summary/"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00",
      "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:26:53+08:00",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 4,
      "body": "**1913 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 1913-10-30 至 1913-11-13 陆续公布[^s1]。\n\n## 本年度获奖情况\n\n| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |\n| --- | --- | ---: |\n| 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 1913-11-11 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔化学奖 | 1913-11-11 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 | 1913-10-30 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔文学奖 | 1913-11-13 | 1 |\n\n得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]、[[organization_nobel_foundation|诺贝尔基金会]]",
      "url": "/works/nobel-prize-1913.html",
      "lang": "id",
      "fallback": true,
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh",
        "en"
      ],
      "workKind": "ranking_list",
      "published": {
        "year": 1913,
        "precision": "year"
      },
      "language": "中文"
    },
    {
      "rankingTiers": [
        {
          "id": "physics",
          "label": "诺贝尔物理学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "chemistry",
          "label": "诺贝尔化学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "medicine",
          "label": "诺贝尔生理学或医学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "literature",
          "label": "诺贝尔文学奖"
        }
      ],
      "rankingColumns": [
        {
          "key": "motivation",
          "label": "获奖理由"
        },
        {
          "key": "affiliation",
          "label": "获奖时所属机构"
        }
      ],
      "rankingEntries": [
        {
          "name": "尼尔斯·古斯塔夫·达伦",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_17",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his invention of automatic regulators for use in conjunction with gas accumulators for illuminating lighthouses and buoys"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Swedish Gas-Accumulator Co."
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "维克多·格林尼亚",
          "tier": "chemistry",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_172",
          "sourceId": "s2",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for the discovery of the so-called Grignard reagent, which in recent years has greatly advanced the progress of organic chemistry"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Nancy University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "保罗·萨巴捷",
          "tier": "chemistry",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_173",
          "sourceId": "s2",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his method of hydrogenating organic compounds in the presence of finely disintegrated metals whereby the progress of organic chemistry has been greatly advanced in recent years"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Toulouse University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "亚历克西·卡雷尔",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_306",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "in recognition of his work on vascular suture and the transplantation of blood vessels and organs"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "格哈特·霍普特曼",
          "tier": "literature",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_582",
          "sourceId": "s4",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "primarily in recognition of his fruitful, varied and outstanding production in the realm of dramatic art"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "id": "work_nobel_prize_1912",
      "type": "work",
      "title": "1912 年诺贝尔奖",
      "slug": "nobel-prize-1912",
      "aliases": [
        "Nobel Prize 1912",
        "1912诺贝尔奖"
      ],
      "summary": "1912 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 4 个奖项、5 位得主，获奖名单在 1912-10-10 至 1912-11-14 陆续公布：诺贝尔物理学奖 1 位，诺贝尔化学奖 2 位，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 1 位，诺贝尔文学奖 1 位。",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-awards"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-nobel-prize"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "s1",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1912",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1912/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s2",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1912",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1912/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s3",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1912",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1912/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s4",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1912",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1912/summary/"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00",
      "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:26:48+08:00",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 4,
      "body": "**1912 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 1912-10-10 至 1912-11-14 陆续公布[^s1]。\n\n## 本年度获奖情况\n\n| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |\n| --- | --- | ---: |\n| 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 1912-11-12 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔化学奖 | 1912-11-12 | 2 |\n| 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 | 1912-10-10 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔文学奖 | 1912-11-14 | 1 |\n\n得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]、[[organization_nobel_foundation|诺贝尔基金会]]",
      "url": "/works/nobel-prize-1912.html",
      "lang": "id",
      "fallback": true,
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh",
        "en"
      ],
      "workKind": "ranking_list",
      "published": {
        "year": 1912,
        "precision": "year"
      },
      "language": "中文"
    },
    {
      "rankingTiers": [
        {
          "id": "physics",
          "label": "诺贝尔物理学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "chemistry",
          "label": "诺贝尔化学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "medicine",
          "label": "诺贝尔生理学或医学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "literature",
          "label": "诺贝尔文学奖"
        }
      ],
      "rankingColumns": [
        {
          "key": "motivation",
          "label": "获奖理由"
        },
        {
          "key": "affiliation",
          "label": "获奖时所属机构"
        }
      ],
      "rankingEntries": [
        {
          "name": "威廉·维恩",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_16",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his discoveries regarding the laws governing the radiation of heat"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Würzburg University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "玛丽·居里",
          "tier": "chemistry",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_6",
          "sourceId": "s2",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "in recognition of her services to the advancement of chemistry by the discovery of the elements radium and polonium, by the isolation of radium and the study of the nature and compounds of this remarkable element"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Sorbonne University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "阿尔瓦·古尔斯特兰德",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_305",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his work on the dioptrics of the eye"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Uppsala University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "莫里斯·梅特林克",
          "tier": "literature",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_581",
          "sourceId": "s4",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "in appreciation of his many-sided literary activities, and especially of his dramatic works, which are distinguished by a wealth of imagination and by a poetic fancy, which reveals, sometimes in the guise of a fairy tale, a deep inspiration, while in a mysterious way they appeal to the readers' own feelings and stimulate their imaginations"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "id": "work_nobel_prize_1911",
      "type": "work",
      "title": "1911 年诺贝尔奖",
      "slug": "nobel-prize-1911",
      "aliases": [
        "Nobel Prize 1911",
        "1911诺贝尔奖"
      ],
      "summary": "1911 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 4 个奖项、4 位得主，获奖名单在 1911-10-19 至 1911-11-09 陆续公布：诺贝尔物理学奖 1 位，诺贝尔化学奖 1 位，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 1 位，诺贝尔文学奖 1 位。",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-awards"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-nobel-prize"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "s1",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1911",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1911/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s2",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1911",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1911/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s3",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1911",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1911/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s4",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1911",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1911/summary/"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00",
      "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:26:43+08:00",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 4,
      "body": "**1911 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 1911-10-19 至 1911-11-09 陆续公布[^s1]。\n\n## 本年度获奖情况\n\n| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |\n| --- | --- | ---: |\n| 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 1911-11-07 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔化学奖 | 1911-11-07 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 | 1911-10-19 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔文学奖 | 1911-11-09 | 1 |\n\n得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]、[[organization_nobel_foundation|诺贝尔基金会]]",
      "url": "/works/nobel-prize-1911.html",
      "lang": "id",
      "fallback": true,
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh",
        "en"
      ],
      "workKind": "ranking_list",
      "published": {
        "year": 1911,
        "precision": "year"
      },
      "language": "中文"
    },
    {
      "rankingTiers": [
        {
          "id": "physics",
          "label": "诺贝尔物理学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "chemistry",
          "label": "诺贝尔化学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "medicine",
          "label": "诺贝尔生理学或医学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "literature",
          "label": "诺贝尔文学奖"
        }
      ],
      "rankingColumns": [
        {
          "key": "motivation",
          "label": "获奖理由"
        },
        {
          "key": "affiliation",
          "label": "获奖时所属机构"
        }
      ],
      "rankingEntries": [
        {
          "name": "古列尔莫·马可尼",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_13",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "in recognition of their contributions to the development of wireless telegraphy"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Marconi Wireless Telegraph Co. Ltd."
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "卡尔·费迪南德·布劳恩",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_14",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "in recognition of their contributions to the development of wireless telegraphy"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Strasbourg University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "威廉·奥斯特瓦尔德",
          "tier": "chemistry",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_168",
          "sourceId": "s2",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "in recognition of his work on catalysis and for his investigations into the fundamental principles governing chemical equilibria and rates of reaction"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Leipzig University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "埃米尔·特奥多尔·科赫尔",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_303",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his work on the physiology, pathology and surgery of the thyroid gland"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Berne University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "塞尔玛·拉格洛夫",
          "tier": "literature",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_579",
          "sourceId": "s4",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "in appreciation of the lofty idealism, vivid imagination and spiritual perception that characterize her writings"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "id": "work_nobel_prize_1909",
      "type": "work",
      "title": "1909 年诺贝尔奖",
      "slug": "nobel-prize-1909",
      "aliases": [
        "Nobel Prize 1909",
        "1909诺贝尔奖"
      ],
      "summary": "1909 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 4 个奖项、5 位得主，获奖名单在 1909-10-28 至 1909-11-11 陆续公布：诺贝尔物理学奖 2 位，诺贝尔化学奖 1 位，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 1 位，诺贝尔文学奖 1 位。",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-awards"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-nobel-prize"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "s1",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1909",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1909/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s2",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1909",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1909/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s3",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1909",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1909/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s4",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1909",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1909/summary/"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00",
      "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:26:32+08:00",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 4,
      "body": "**1909 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 1909-10-28 至 1909-11-11 陆续公布[^s1]。\n\n## 本年度获奖情况\n\n| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |\n| --- | --- | ---: |\n| 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 1909-11-09 | 2 |\n| 诺贝尔化学奖 | 1909-11-09 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 | 1909-10-28 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔文学奖 | 1909-11-11 | 1 |\n\n得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]、[[organization_nobel_foundation|诺贝尔基金会]]",
      "url": "/works/nobel-prize-1909.html",
      "lang": "id",
      "fallback": true,
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh",
        "en"
      ],
      "workKind": "ranking_list",
      "published": {
        "year": 1909,
        "precision": "year"
      },
      "language": "中文"
    },
    {
      "id": "organization_zuojia_chubanshe",
      "type": "organization",
      "title": "作家出版社",
      "slug": "zuojia-chubanshe",
      "aliases": [
        "The Writers Publishing House"
      ],
      "summary": "作家出版社是1953年成立、隶属中国作家协会的出版社，总部位于北京，出版物以中国当代文学为主。",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-literature"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-publishing",
        "tag-literature"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "s1",
          "title": "作家出版社",
          "author": "维基百科",
          "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-cn/作家出版社",
          "locator": "2026-11-01 访问"
        },
        {
          "id": "s2",
          "title": "人民文学出版社",
          "author": "维基百科",
          "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-cn/人民文学出版社",
          "locator": "2026-11-01 访问"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-11-01T03:11:22+08:00",
      "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:26:30+08:00",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 2,
      "body": "**作家出版社**是1953年成立的大型出版社，隶属中国作家协会，总部位于[[place_beijing|北京]][^s1]。\n\n## 沿革\n\n1953年11月至1958年8月、1960年12月至1980年1月，“作家出版社”曾作为[[organization_renmin_wenxue_chubanshe|人民文学出版社]]的副牌使用[^s2]。2019年，该社完成公司制改革，成立作家出版社有限公司[^s1]。\n\n## 主要业务\n\n该社出版物以中国当代文学为主，巴金、贾平凹、陈忠实、莫言、苏童、[[person_douban_1a65aa1c200d|余华]]、汪曾祺等作家均有代表作在此出版[^s1]。该社也与美国[[organization_harpercollins|哈珀·柯林斯出版社]]、兰登书屋等出版社合作，引进泰戈尔、卡夫卡、渡边淳一、萨拉马戈等作家的作品版权[^s1]。\n\n## 经营情况\n\n2000年出版的《哈佛女孩》持续16个月位居中国畅销书榜首位，售出300多万本[^s1]。",
      "url": "/organizations/zuojia-chubanshe.html",
      "lang": "id",
      "fallback": true,
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh"
      ],
      "orgKind": "publisher",
      "founded": {
        "year": 1953,
        "precision": "year",
        "display": "1953年"
      },
      "orgStatus": "active",
      "headquartersNote": "北京市朝阳区"
    },
    {
      "rankingTiers": [
        {
          "id": "physics",
          "label": "诺贝尔物理学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "chemistry",
          "label": "诺贝尔化学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "medicine",
          "label": "诺贝尔生理学或医学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "literature",
          "label": "诺贝尔文学奖"
        }
      ],
      "rankingColumns": [
        {
          "key": "motivation",
          "label": "获奖理由"
        },
        {
          "key": "affiliation",
          "label": "获奖时所属机构"
        }
      ],
      "rankingEntries": [
        {
          "name": "加布里埃尔·李普曼",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_12",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his method of reproducing colours photographically based on the phenomenon of interference"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Sorbonne University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "欧内斯特·卢瑟福",
          "tier": "chemistry",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_167",
          "sourceId": "s2",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his investigations into the disintegration of the elements, and the chemistry of radioactive substances"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Victoria University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "伊利亚·梅奇尼科夫",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_301",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "in recognition of their work on immunity"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Institut Pasteur"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "保罗·埃尔利希",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_302",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "in recognition of their work on immunity"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Goettingen University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "倭铿",
          "tier": "literature",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_578",
          "sourceId": "s4",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "in recognition of his earnest search for truth, his penetrating power of thought, his wide range of vision, and the warmth and strength in presentation with which in his numerous works he has vindicated and developed an idealistic philosophy of life"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "id": "work_nobel_prize_1908",
      "type": "work",
      "title": "1908 年诺贝尔奖",
      "slug": "nobel-prize-1908",
      "aliases": [
        "Nobel Prize 1908",
        "1908诺贝尔奖"
      ],
      "summary": "1908 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 4 个奖项、5 位得主，获奖名单在 1908-10-29 至 1908-11-12 陆续公布：诺贝尔物理学奖 1 位，诺贝尔化学奖 1 位，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 2 位，诺贝尔文学奖 1 位。",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-awards"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-nobel-prize"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "s1",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1908",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1908/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s2",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1908",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1908/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s3",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1908",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1908/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s4",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1908",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1908/summary/"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00",
      "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:26:26+08:00",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 4,
      "body": "**1908 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 1908-10-29 至 1908-11-12 陆续公布[^s1]。\n\n## 本年度获奖情况\n\n| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |\n| --- | --- | ---: |\n| 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 1908-11-10 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔化学奖 | 1908-11-10 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 | 1908-10-29 | 2 |\n| 诺贝尔文学奖 | 1908-11-12 | 1 |\n\n得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]、[[organization_nobel_foundation|诺贝尔基金会]]",
      "url": "/works/nobel-prize-1908.html",
      "lang": "id",
      "fallback": true,
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh",
        "en"
      ],
      "workKind": "ranking_list",
      "published": {
        "year": 1908,
        "precision": "year"
      },
      "language": "中文"
    },
    {
      "rankingTiers": [
        {
          "id": "physics",
          "label": "诺贝尔物理学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "chemistry",
          "label": "诺贝尔化学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "medicine",
          "label": "诺贝尔生理学或医学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "literature",
          "label": "诺贝尔文学奖"
        }
      ],
      "rankingColumns": [
        {
          "key": "motivation",
          "label": "获奖理由"
        },
        {
          "key": "affiliation",
          "label": "获奖时所属机构"
        }
      ],
      "rankingEntries": [
        {
          "name": "阿尔伯特·迈克耳孙",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_11",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his optical precision instruments and the spectroscopic and metrological investigations carried out with their aid"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "University of Chicago"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "爱德华·布赫纳",
          "tier": "chemistry",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_166",
          "sourceId": "s2",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his biochemical researches and his discovery of cell-free fermentation"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Landwirtschaftliche Hochschule (Agricultural College)"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "夏尔·路易·阿方斯·拉韦朗",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_300",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "in recognition of his work on the role played by protozoa in causing diseases"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Institut Pasteur"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "鲁德亚德·吉卜林",
          "tier": "literature",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_577",
          "sourceId": "s4",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "in consideration of the power of observation, originality of imagination, virility of ideas and remarkable talent for narration which characterize the creations of this world-famous author"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "id": "work_nobel_prize_1907",
      "type": "work",
      "title": "1907 年诺贝尔奖",
      "slug": "nobel-prize-1907",
      "aliases": [
        "Nobel Prize 1907",
        "1907诺贝尔奖"
      ],
      "summary": "1907 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 4 个奖项、4 位得主，获奖名单在 1907-10-31 至 1907-11-12 陆续公布：诺贝尔物理学奖 1 位，诺贝尔化学奖 1 位，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 1 位，诺贝尔文学奖 1 位。",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-awards"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-nobel-prize"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "s1",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1907",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1907/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s2",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1907",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1907/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s3",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1907",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1907/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s4",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1907",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1907/summary/"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00",
      "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:26:21+08:00",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 4,
      "body": "**1907 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 1907-10-31 至 1907-11-12 陆续公布[^s1]。\n\n## 本年度获奖情况\n\n| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |\n| --- | --- | ---: |\n| 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 1907-11-12 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔化学奖 | 1907-11-12 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 | 1907-10-31 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔文学奖 | 1907-11-07 | 1 |\n\n得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]、[[organization_nobel_foundation|诺贝尔基金会]]",
      "url": "/works/nobel-prize-1907.html",
      "lang": "id",
      "fallback": true,
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh",
        "en"
      ],
      "workKind": "ranking_list",
      "published": {
        "year": 1907,
        "precision": "year"
      },
      "language": "中文"
    },
    {
      "rankingTiers": [
        {
          "id": "physics",
          "label": "诺贝尔物理学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "chemistry",
          "label": "诺贝尔化学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "medicine",
          "label": "诺贝尔生理学或医学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "literature",
          "label": "诺贝尔文学奖"
        }
      ],
      "rankingColumns": [
        {
          "key": "motivation",
          "label": "获奖理由"
        },
        {
          "key": "affiliation",
          "label": "获奖时所属机构"
        }
      ],
      "rankingEntries": [
        {
          "name": "J·J·汤姆孙",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_10",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "in recognition of the great merits of his theoretical and experimental investigations on the conduction of electricity by gases"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "University of Cambridge"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "亨利·莫瓦桑",
          "tier": "chemistry",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_165",
          "sourceId": "s2",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "in recognition of the great services rendered by him in his investigation and isolation of the element fluorine, and for the adoption in the service of science of the electric furnace called after him"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Sorbonne University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "卡米洛·高尔基",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_298",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "in recognition of their work on the structure of the nervous system"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Pavia University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "圣地亚哥·拉蒙-卡哈尔",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_299",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "in recognition of their work on the structure of the nervous system"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Madrid University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "焦苏埃·卡尔杜奇",
          "tier": "literature",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_576",
          "sourceId": "s4",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "not only in consideration of his deep learning and critical research, but above all as a tribute to the creative energy, freshness of style, and lyrical force which characterize his poetic masterpieces"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "id": "work_nobel_prize_1906",
      "type": "work",
      "title": "1906 年诺贝尔奖",
      "slug": "nobel-prize-1906",
      "aliases": [
        "Nobel Prize 1906",
        "1906诺贝尔奖"
      ],
      "summary": "1906 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 4 个奖项、5 位得主，获奖名单在 1906-10-25 至 1906-11-12 陆续公布：诺贝尔物理学奖 1 位，诺贝尔化学奖 1 位，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 2 位，诺贝尔文学奖 1 位。",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-awards"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-nobel-prize"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "s1",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1906",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1906/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s2",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1906",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1906/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s3",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1906",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1906/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s4",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1906",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1906/summary/"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00",
      "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:26:16+08:00",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 4,
      "body": "**1906 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 1906-10-25 至 1906-11-12 陆续公布[^s1]。\n\n## 本年度获奖情况\n\n| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |\n| --- | --- | ---: |\n| 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 1906-11-12 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔化学奖 | 1906-11-12 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 | 1906-10-25 | 2 |\n| 诺贝尔文学奖 | 1906-11-08 | 1 |\n\n得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]、[[organization_nobel_foundation|诺贝尔基金会]]",
      "url": "/works/nobel-prize-1906.html",
      "lang": "id",
      "fallback": true,
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh",
        "en"
      ],
      "workKind": "ranking_list",
      "published": {
        "year": 1906,
        "precision": "year"
      },
      "language": "中文"
    },
    {
      "rankingTiers": [
        {
          "id": "physics",
          "label": "诺贝尔物理学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "chemistry",
          "label": "诺贝尔化学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "medicine",
          "label": "诺贝尔生理学或医学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "literature",
          "label": "诺贝尔文学奖"
        }
      ],
      "rankingColumns": [
        {
          "key": "motivation",
          "label": "获奖理由"
        },
        {
          "key": "affiliation",
          "label": "获奖时所属机构"
        }
      ],
      "rankingEntries": [
        {
          "name": "菲利普·莱纳德",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_9",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his work on cathode rays"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Kiel University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "阿道夫·冯·拜尔",
          "tier": "chemistry",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_164",
          "sourceId": "s2",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "in recognition of his services in the advancement of organic chemistry and the chemical industry, through his work on organic dyes and hydroaromatic compounds"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Munich University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "罗伯特·科赫",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_297",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his investigations and discoveries in relation to tuberculosis"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Institute for Infectious Diseases"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "亨利克·亚当·亚历山大·皮乌斯·显克微支",
          "tier": "literature",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_575",
          "sourceId": "s4",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "because of his outstanding merits as an epic writer"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "id": "work_nobel_prize_1905",
      "type": "work",
      "title": "1905 年诺贝尔奖",
      "slug": "nobel-prize-1905",
      "aliases": [
        "Nobel Prize 1905",
        "1905诺贝尔奖"
      ],
      "summary": "1905 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 4 个奖项、4 位得主，获奖名单在 1905-10-12 至 1905-11-09 陆续公布：诺贝尔物理学奖 1 位，诺贝尔化学奖 1 位，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 1 位，诺贝尔文学奖 1 位。",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-awards"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-nobel-prize"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "s1",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1905",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1905/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s2",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1905",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1905/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s3",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1905",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1905/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s4",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1905",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1905/summary/"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00",
      "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:26:10+08:00",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 4,
      "body": "**1905 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 1905-10-12 至 1905-11-09 陆续公布[^s1]。\n\n## 本年度获奖情况\n\n| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |\n| --- | --- | ---: |\n| 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 1905-11-09 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔化学奖 | 1905-11-09 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 | 1905-10-12 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔文学奖 | 1905-11-09 | 1 |\n\n得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]、[[organization_nobel_foundation|诺贝尔基金会]]",
      "url": "/works/nobel-prize-1905.html",
      "lang": "id",
      "fallback": true,
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh",
        "en"
      ],
      "workKind": "ranking_list",
      "published": {
        "year": 1905,
        "precision": "year"
      },
      "language": "中文"
    },
    {
      "rankingTiers": [
        {
          "id": "physics",
          "label": "诺贝尔物理学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "chemistry",
          "label": "诺贝尔化学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "medicine",
          "label": "诺贝尔生理学或医学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "literature",
          "label": "诺贝尔文学奖"
        }
      ],
      "rankingColumns": [
        {
          "key": "motivation",
          "label": "获奖理由"
        },
        {
          "key": "affiliation",
          "label": "获奖时所属机构"
        }
      ],
      "rankingEntries": [
        {
          "name": "约翰·斯特拉特，第三代瑞利男爵",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_8",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his investigations of the densities of the most important gases and for his discovery of argon in connection with these studies"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Royal Institution of Great Britain"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "威廉·拉姆齐",
          "tier": "chemistry",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_163",
          "sourceId": "s2",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "in recognition of his services in the discovery of the inert gaseous elements in air, and his determination of their place in the periodic system"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "University College"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "伊万·彼得罗维奇·巴甫洛夫",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_296",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "in recognition of his work on the physiology of digestion, through which knowledge on vital aspects of the subject has been transformed and enlarged"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Military Medical Academy"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "弗雷德里克·米斯特拉尔",
          "tier": "literature",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_573",
          "sourceId": "s4",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "in recognition of the fresh originality and true inspiration of his poetic production, which faithfully reflects the natural scenery and native spirit of his people, and, in addition, his significant work as a Proven\u0026ccedil;al philologist"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "何塞·埃切加赖",
          "tier": "literature",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_574",
          "sourceId": "s4",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "in recognition of the numerous and brilliant compositions which, in an individual and original manner, have revived the great traditions of the Spanish drama"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "id": "work_nobel_prize_1904",
      "type": "work",
      "title": "1904 年诺贝尔奖",
      "slug": "nobel-prize-1904",
      "aliases": [
        "Nobel Prize 1904",
        "1904诺贝尔奖"
      ],
      "summary": "1904 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 4 个奖项、5 位得主，获奖名单在 1904-10-20 至 1904-11-17 陆续公布：诺贝尔物理学奖 1 位，诺贝尔化学奖 1 位，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 1 位，诺贝尔文学奖 2 位。",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-awards"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-nobel-prize"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "s1",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1904",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1904/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s2",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1904",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1904/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s3",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1904",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1904/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s4",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1904",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1904/summary/"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00",
      "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:26:03+08:00",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 4,
      "body": "**1904 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 1904-10-20 至 1904-11-17 陆续公布[^s1]。\n\n## 本年度获奖情况\n\n| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |\n| --- | --- | ---: |\n| 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 1904-11-08 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔化学奖 | 1904-11-08 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 | 1904-10-20 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔文学奖 | 1904-11-17 | 2 |\n\n得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]、[[organization_nobel_foundation|诺贝尔基金会]]",
      "url": "/works/nobel-prize-1904.html",
      "lang": "id",
      "fallback": true,
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh",
        "en"
      ],
      "workKind": "ranking_list",
      "published": {
        "year": 1904,
        "precision": "year"
      },
      "language": "中文"
    },
    {
      "rankingTiers": [
        {
          "id": "physics",
          "label": "诺贝尔物理学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "chemistry",
          "label": "诺贝尔化学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "medicine",
          "label": "诺贝尔生理学或医学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "literature",
          "label": "诺贝尔文学奖"
        }
      ],
      "rankingColumns": [
        {
          "key": "motivation",
          "label": "获奖理由"
        },
        {
          "key": "affiliation",
          "label": "获奖时所属机构"
        }
      ],
      "rankingEntries": [
        {
          "name": "亨利·贝可勒尔",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_4",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by his discovery of spontaneous radioactivity"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "École Polytechnique"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "皮埃尔·居里",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_5",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "in recognition of the extraordinary services they have rendered by their joint researches on the radiation phenomena discovered by Professor Henri Becquerel"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "École municipale de physique et de chimie industrielles (Municipal School of Industrial Physics and Chemistry)"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "玛丽·居里",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_6",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "in recognition of the extraordinary services they have rendered by their joint researches on the radiation phenomena discovered by Professor Henri Becquerel"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "斯凡特·奥古斯特·阿伦尼乌斯",
          "tier": "chemistry",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_162",
          "sourceId": "s2",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered to the advancement of chemistry by his electrolytic theory of dissociation"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Stockholm University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "尼尔斯·吕贝里·芬森",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_295",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "in recognition of his contribution to the treatment of diseases, especially lupus vulgaris, with concentrated light radiation, whereby he has opened a new avenue for medical science"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Finsen Medical Light Institute"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "比约恩斯彻纳·比昂松",
          "tier": "literature",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_572",
          "sourceId": "s4",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "as a tribute to his noble, magnificent and versatile poetry, which has always been distinguished by both the freshness of its inspiration and the rare purity of its spirit"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "id": "work_nobel_prize_1903",
      "type": "work",
      "title": "1903 年诺贝尔奖",
      "slug": "nobel-prize-1903",
      "aliases": [
        "Nobel Prize 1903",
        "1903诺贝尔奖"
      ],
      "summary": "1903 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 4 个奖项、6 位得主，获奖名单在 1903-10-15 至 1903-11-19 陆续公布：诺贝尔物理学奖 3 位，诺贝尔化学奖 1 位，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 1 位，诺贝尔文学奖 1 位。",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-awards"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-nobel-prize"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "s1",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1903",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1903/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s2",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1903",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1903/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s3",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1903",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1903/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s4",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1903",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1903/summary/"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00",
      "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:25:57+08:00",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 4,
      "body": "**1903 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 1903-10-15 至 1903-11-19 陆续公布[^s1]。\n\n## 本年度获奖情况\n\n| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |\n| --- | --- | ---: |\n| 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 1903-11-12 | 3 |\n| 诺贝尔化学奖 | 1903-11-12 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 | 1903-10-15 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔文学奖 | 1903-11-19 | 1 |\n\n得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]、[[organization_nobel_foundation|诺贝尔基金会]]",
      "url": "/works/nobel-prize-1903.html",
      "lang": "id",
      "fallback": true,
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh",
        "en"
      ],
      "workKind": "ranking_list",
      "published": {
        "year": 1903,
        "precision": "year"
      },
      "language": "中文"
    },
    {
      "rankingTiers": [
        {
          "id": "physics",
          "label": "诺贝尔物理学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "chemistry",
          "label": "诺贝尔化学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "medicine",
          "label": "诺贝尔生理学或医学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "literature",
          "label": "诺贝尔文学奖"
        }
      ],
      "rankingColumns": [
        {
          "key": "motivation",
          "label": "获奖理由"
        },
        {
          "key": "affiliation",
          "label": "获奖时所属机构"
        }
      ],
      "rankingEntries": [
        {
          "name": "亨德里克·洛伦兹",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_2",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "in recognition of the extraordinary service they rendered by their researches into the influence of magnetism upon radiation phenomena"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Leiden University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "彼得·塞曼",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_3",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "in recognition of the extraordinary service they rendered by their researches into the influence of magnetism upon radiation phenomena"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Amsterdam University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "赫尔曼·埃米尔·费歇尔",
          "tier": "chemistry",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_161",
          "sourceId": "s2",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by his work on sugar and purine syntheses"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Berlin University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "罗纳德·罗斯",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_294",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his work on malaria, by which he has shown how it enters the organism and thereby has laid the foundation for successful research on this disease and methods of combating it"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "University College"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "特奥多尔·蒙森",
          "tier": "literature",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_571",
          "sourceId": "s4",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "the greatest living master of the art of historical writing, with special reference to his monumental work, \u003cI\u003eA history of Rome\u003c/I\u003e"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "id": "work_nobel_prize_1902",
      "type": "work",
      "title": "1902 年诺贝尔奖",
      "slug": "nobel-prize-1902",
      "aliases": [
        "Nobel Prize 1902",
        "1902诺贝尔奖"
      ],
      "summary": "1902 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 4 个奖项、5 位得主，获奖名单在 1902-10-30 至 1902-11-13 陆续公布：诺贝尔物理学奖 2 位，诺贝尔化学奖 1 位，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 1 位，诺贝尔文学奖 1 位。",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-awards"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-nobel-prize"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "s1",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1902",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1902/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s2",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1902",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1902/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s3",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1902",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1902/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s4",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1902",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1902/summary/"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00",
      "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:25:51+08:00",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 4,
      "body": "**1902 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 1902-10-30 至 1902-11-13 陆续公布[^s1]。\n\n## 本年度获奖情况\n\n| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |\n| --- | --- | ---: |\n| 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 1902-11-11 | 2 |\n| 诺贝尔化学奖 | 1902-11-11 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 | 1902-10-30 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔文学奖 | 1902-11-13 | 1 |\n\n得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]、[[organization_nobel_foundation|诺贝尔基金会]]",
      "url": "/works/nobel-prize-1902.html",
      "lang": "id",
      "fallback": true,
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh",
        "en"
      ],
      "workKind": "ranking_list",
      "published": {
        "year": 1902,
        "precision": "year"
      },
      "language": "中文"
    },
    {
      "rankingTiers": [
        {
          "id": "physics",
          "label": "诺贝尔物理学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "chemistry",
          "label": "诺贝尔化学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "medicine",
          "label": "诺贝尔生理学或医学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "literature",
          "label": "诺贝尔文学奖"
        }
      ],
      "rankingColumns": [
        {
          "key": "motivation",
          "label": "获奖理由"
        },
        {
          "key": "affiliation",
          "label": "获奖时所属机构"
        }
      ],
      "rankingEntries": [
        {
          "name": "威廉·康拉德·伦琴",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_1",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by the discovery of the remarkable rays subsequently named after him"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Munich University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "雅各布斯·亨里克斯·范托夫",
          "tier": "chemistry",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_160",
          "sourceId": "s2",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by the discovery of the laws of chemical dynamics and osmotic pressure in solutions"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Berlin University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "埃米尔·阿道夫·冯·贝林",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_293",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his work on serum therapy, especially its application against diphtheria, by which he has opened a new road in the domain of medical science and thereby placed in the hands of the physician a victorious weapon against illness and deaths"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Marburg University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "苏利·普吕多姆",
          "tier": "literature",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_569",
          "sourceId": "s4",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "in special recognition of his poetic composition, which gives evidence of lofty idealism, artistic perfection and a rare combination of the qualities of both heart and intellect"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "id": "work_nobel_prize_1901",
      "type": "work",
      "title": "1901 年诺贝尔奖",
      "slug": "nobel-prize-1901",
      "aliases": [
        "Nobel Prize 1901",
        "1901诺贝尔奖"
      ],
      "summary": "1901 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 4 个奖项、4 位得主，获奖名单在 1901-10-30 至 1901-11-14 陆续公布：诺贝尔物理学奖 1 位，诺贝尔化学奖 1 位，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 1 位，诺贝尔文学奖 1 位。",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-awards"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-nobel-prize"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "s1",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1901",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1901/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s2",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1901",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1901/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s3",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1901",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1901/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s4",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1901",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1901/summary/"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00",
      "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:25:47+08:00",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 4,
      "body": "**1901 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 1901-10-30 至 1901-11-14 陆续公布[^s1]。\n\n## 本年度获奖情况\n\n| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |\n| --- | --- | ---: |\n| 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 1901-11-12 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔化学奖 | 1901-11-12 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 | 1901-10-30 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔文学奖 | 1901-11-14 | 1 |\n\n得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]、[[organization_nobel_foundation|诺贝尔基金会]]",
      "url": "/works/nobel-prize-1901.html",
      "lang": "id",
      "fallback": true,
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh",
        "en"
      ],
      "workKind": "ranking_list",
      "published": {
        "year": 1901,
        "precision": "year"
      },
      "language": "中文"
    },
    {
      "id": "organization_elsevier",
      "type": "organization",
      "title": "爱思唯尔",
      "slug": "elsevier",
      "aliases": [
        "Elsevier"
      ],
      "summary": "爱思唯尔是1880年创办、总部位于阿姆斯特丹的荷兰学术出版公司，专门出版科学、技术和医学内容，属RELX集团。",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-science-technology"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-publishing"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "s1",
          "title": "Elsevier",
          "author": "Wikipedia",
          "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elsevier",
          "locator": "2026-11-01 访问"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-11-01T03:16:16+08:00",
      "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:18:33+08:00",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 2,
      "body": "**爱思唯尔**（Elsevier）是1880年创办、总部位于阿姆斯特丹的荷兰学术出版公司，专门出版科学、技术和医学内容[^s1]。\n\n## 沿革\n\n该公司创办于1880年，沿用了荷兰旧时出版家族艾尔泽维尔（Elzevir）的名称和标志，但与该家族并无关联[^s1]。现为上市公司RELX集团（2015年前称Reed Elsevier）的一部分[^s1]。\n\n## 主要业务\n\n该公司的产品包括《柳叶刀》《细胞》等期刊、ScienceDirect电子期刊库、Scopus引文数据库、SciVal科研评估工具和ClinicalKey临床搜索引擎等[^s1]。2019年起，其官方“关于”页面不再将公司描述为出版商，而称其为“全球信息分析企业”[^s1]。\n\n## 经营情况\n\n据RELX报告，2022年爱思唯尔在2800多种期刊上发表超过60万篇文章[^s1]。该公司因高利润率和版权做法受到批评，曾遭学界抵制[^s1]。",
      "url": "/organizations/elsevier.html",
      "lang": "id",
      "fallback": true,
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh"
      ],
      "orgKind": "publisher",
      "founded": {
        "year": 1880,
        "precision": "year",
        "display": "1880年"
      },
      "orgStatus": "active",
      "headquartersNote": "荷兰阿姆斯特丹"
    },
    {
      "id": "organization_hachette_livre",
      "type": "organization",
      "title": "阿歇特图书",
      "slug": "hachette-livre",
      "aliases": [
        "Hachette Livre",
        "Hachette",
        "阿歇特"
      ],
      "summary": "阿歇特图书是1826年创办于巴黎的法国出版集团，1981年起属拉加德尔集团，是英语出版业“五大”之一。",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-literature"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-publishing"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "s1",
          "title": "Hachette Livre",
          "author": "Wikipedia",
          "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hachette_Livre",
          "locator": "2026-11-01 访问"
        },
        {
          "id": "s2",
          "title": "Penguin Random House",
          "author": "Wikipedia",
          "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penguin_Random_House",
          "locator": "2026-11-01 访问"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-11-01T03:14:43+08:00",
      "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:18:21+08:00",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 2,
      "body": "**阿歇特图书**（Hachette Livre，常简称Hachette）是1826年在[[place_france_paris|巴黎]]创办的法国出版集团和股份有限公司[^s1]。它与[[organization_penguin_random_house|企鹅兰登书屋]]、[[organization_simon_schuster|西蒙与舒斯特]]、[[organization_harpercollins|哈珀柯林斯]]和[[organization_macmillan_publishers|麦克米伦]]并称英语出版业“五大”[^s2]。\n\n## 沿革\n\n1826年，路易·阿歇特（Louis Hachette）在巴黎拉丁区创办书店Brédif，此后先后更名为L. Hachette et Compagnie、Librairie Hachette和Hachette SA，最后定名为Hachette Livre[^s1]。1981年起，该集团由拉加德尔集团通过其出版部门拉加德尔出版拥有；拉加德尔集团又由维旺迪分拆出的Louis Hachette Group控股[^s1]。\n\n## 主要业务\n\n该集团在澳大利亚、英国和美国分别设有子公司Hachette Australia、Hachette UK和Hachette Book Group[^s1]。",
      "url": "/organizations/hachette-livre.html",
      "lang": "id",
      "fallback": true,
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh"
      ],
      "orgKind": "publisher",
      "founded": {
        "year": 1826,
        "precision": "year",
        "display": "1826年"
      },
      "orgStatus": "active",
      "headquartersNote": "法国巴黎近郊旺夫（Vanves）"
    },
    {
      "id": "organization_simon_schuster",
      "type": "organization",
      "title": "西蒙与舒斯特",
      "slug": "simon-and-schuster",
      "aliases": [
        "Simon \u0026 Schuster",
        "S\u0026S"
      ],
      "summary": "西蒙与舒斯特是1924年在纽约创办的美国出版社，2023年起由KKR拥有，是英语出版业“五大”之一。",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-literature"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-publishing"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "s1",
          "title": "Simon \u0026 Schuster",
          "author": "Wikipedia",
          "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon_%26_Schuster",
          "locator": "2026-11-01 访问"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-11-01T03:14:02+08:00",
      "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:18:12+08:00",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 2,
      "body": "**西蒙与舒斯特**（Simon \u0026 Schuster）是1924年在[[place_us_ny_new_york|纽约]]创办的美国出版社，是英语出版业“五大”之一[^s1]。\n\n## 沿革\n\n1924年，理查德·西蒙与马克斯·舒斯特合资8000美元创办公司，最初出版填字游戏书[^s1]。1939年，该社支持创办美国首家平装书出版商Pocket Books[^s1]。1975年1月28日被海湾西方（Gulf+Western）收购，此后先后属派拉蒙通讯、维亚康姆、CBS和派拉蒙环球[^s1]。2020年[[organization_penguin_random_house|企鹅兰登书屋]]拟收购该社，因美国司法部反垄断诉讼胜诉而于2022年终止[^s1]。2023年10月30日，KKR以16.2亿美元完成收购[^s1]。2024年5月，该社收购荷兰最大图书出版公司Veen Bosch \u0026 Keuning，首次进入非英语市场[^s1]。\n\n## 主要业务\n\n该社出版成人和儿童图书及有声书，旗下品牌包括Scribner、Atria、Gallery、Pocket Books等[^s1]。曾出版约瑟夫·海勒《第二十二条军规》，斯蒂芬·金、丹·布朗等也是其作者[^s1]。\n\n## 经营情况\n\n2017年，该社是美国第三大出版商，以35个品牌每年出版2000种图书；2022年营收为11亿美元，2023年员工约1600人[^s1]。",
      "url": "/organizations/simon-and-schuster.html",
      "lang": "id",
      "fallback": true,
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh"
      ],
      "orgKind": "publisher",
      "founded": {
        "year": 1924,
        "month": 1,
        "day": 2,
        "precision": "day",
        "display": "1924年1月2日"
      },
      "orgStatus": "active",
      "headquartersNote": "美国纽约曼哈顿"
    },
    {
      "id": "organization_harpercollins",
      "type": "organization",
      "title": "哈珀柯林斯",
      "slug": "harpercollins",
      "aliases": [
        "HarperCollins",
        "HarperCollins Publishers",
        "哈珀·科林斯"
      ],
      "summary": "哈珀柯林斯是新闻集团（News Corp）旗下的英美跨国出版集团，总部位于伦敦和纽约，由哈珀与柯林斯两家老牌出版社合并而成，是英语出版业“五大”之一。",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-literature"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-publishing"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "s1",
          "title": "HarperCollins",
          "author": "Wikipedia",
          "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HarperCollins",
          "locator": "2026-11-01 访问"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-11-01T03:13:38+08:00",
      "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:17:59+08:00",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 2,
      "body": "**哈珀柯林斯**（HarperCollins）是新闻集团（News Corp）旗下的英美跨国出版集团，总部位于[[place_united_kingdom_london|伦敦]]和[[place_us_ny_new_york|纽约]]，是英语出版业“五大”之一[^s1]。\n\n## 沿革\n\n公司名称来自两家前身：1817年由詹姆斯·哈珀与约翰·哈珀兄弟在纽约创办的哈珀兄弟公司（Harper \u0026 Brothers），以及1819年由威廉·柯林斯在格拉斯哥创办的威廉·柯林斯父子公司[^s1]。1962年哈珀兄弟公司与Row, Peterson \u0026 Company合并为哈珀-罗公司（Harper \u0026 Row）；新闻集团于1987年3月收购哈珀-罗，1989年成为柯林斯的唯一所有者，并将两家合并为哈珀柯林斯[^s1]。2014年以4.55亿加元收购罗曼史出版商禾林（Harlequin），2021年以3.49亿美元收购HMH Books \u0026 Media[^s1]。\n\n## 主要业务\n\n该集团在美国、加拿大、英国、澳大利亚、新西兰、巴西、印度和中国设有出版集团，拥有120多个图书品牌[^s1]。1990年收购Unwin Hyman后，取得托尔金作品的出版权[^s1]。\n\n## 经营情况\n\n2025财年，哈珀柯林斯营收为21.5亿美元，净利润为2.96亿美元，员工约4000人[^s1]。",
      "url": "/organizations/harpercollins.html",
      "lang": "id",
      "fallback": true,
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh"
      ],
      "orgKind": "publisher",
      "orgStatus": "active",
      "headquartersNote": "英国伦敦新闻大厦；美国纽约百老汇大道195号。"
    },
    {
      "id": "organization_new_star_press",
      "type": "organization",
      "title": "新星出版社",
      "slug": "new-star-press",
      "aliases": [
        "New Star Press"
      ],
      "summary": "新星出版社是1989年成立、总部位于北京的出版社，现为中国国际出版集团成员，以“午夜文库”推理小说知名。",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-literature"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-publishing"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "s1",
          "title": "新星出版社",
          "author": "维基百科",
          "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-cn/新星出版社",
          "locator": "2026-11-01 访问"
        },
        {
          "id": "s2",
          "title": "《第七天》",
          "author": "中国作家网",
          "date": "2013-06-14",
          "url": "http://www.chinawriter.com.cn/book/2013-06-14/3695.html"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-11-01T03:12:25+08:00",
      "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:17:41+08:00",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 2,
      "body": "**新星出版社**是1989年成立的中国大陆出版社，总部位于[[place_beijing|北京]][^s1]。\n\n## 沿革\n\n该社1989年成立时主要出版对外宣传类出版物，出版品未公开发行[^s1]。2004年10月，经国家新闻出版总署批准，出版范围调整为国内外公开出版发行；同年12月注册为有限责任公司[^s1]。该社现为中国国际出版集团成员，主要股东为中国外文出版发行事业局（70%）和读者出版传媒（30%）[^s1]。\n\n## 主要业务\n\n2006年起，该社以“午夜文库”名义引进海外推理小说，现以出版推理小说著名；2012年推出“幻象文库”书系，向科幻小说和奇幻小说领域发展[^s1]。该社还出版日本漫画中文版，如伊藤润二《漩涡》和荒木飞吕彦《JoJo的奇妙冒险》[^s1]。[[person_douban_1a65aa1c200d|余华]]的长篇小说[[work_diqitian|《第七天》]]由该社出版[^s2]。",
      "url": "/organizations/new-star-press.html",
      "lang": "id",
      "fallback": true,
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh"
      ],
      "orgKind": "publisher",
      "founded": {
        "year": 1989,
        "precision": "year",
        "display": "1989年"
      },
      "orgStatus": "active",
      "headquartersNote": "北京市西城区"
    },
    {
      "id": "organization_shinchosha",
      "type": "organization",
      "title": "新潮社",
      "slug": "shinchosha",
      "aliases": [
        "Shinchosha",
        "株式会社新潮社",
        "SHINCHOSHA Publishing Co., Ltd."
      ],
      "summary": "新潮社是1896年创业、总部位于东京都新宿区矢来町的日本出版社，发行《新潮》《周刊新潮》和新潮文库等。",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-literature"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-publishing",
        "tag-literature"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "s1",
          "title": "Shinchosha",
          "author": "Wikipedia",
          "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shinchosha",
          "locator": "2026-11-01 访问"
        },
        {
          "id": "s2",
          "title": "新潮社",
          "author": "Wikipedia 日本語版",
          "url": "https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/新潮社",
          "locator": "2026-11-01 访问"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-11-01T03:17:22+08:00",
      "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:17:22+08:00",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 1,
      "body": "**新潮社**（株式会社新潮社）是1896年在日本创业的出版社，总部位于[[place_japan_pref_tokyo|东京都]]新宿区矢来町[^s1]。\n\n## 沿革\n\n该社前身是1896年7月创业的新声社，创始人为佐藤义亮，早期出版田山花袋等自然主义作家的书籍[^s2]。1904年创办文艺杂志《新潮》，1914年创刊新潮文库，1947年创办《小说新潮》[^s2]。1956年创办的《周刊新潮》成为日本首个取得成功的出版社系周刊；1981年创办日本首个写真周刊《FOCUS》，2001年休刊[^s2]。\n\n## 主要业务\n\n该社发行单行本、全集、文库和杂志，其校阅部在出版业内以严谨著称，社内设有装帧室，大部分文库和书籍均为社内装帧[^s2]。该社也是日本奇幻小说大奖的赞助方之一，该奖始于1989年[^s1]。\n\n## 经营情况\n\n新潮社是家族企业，社长一职自创始人佐藤义亮起世袭相传，现任社长为第五代佐藤隆信[^s2]。",
      "url": "/organizations/shinchosha.html",
      "lang": "id",
      "fallback": true,
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh"
      ],
      "orgKind": "publisher",
      "founded": {
        "year": 1896,
        "month": 7,
        "precision": "month",
        "display": "1896年7月"
      },
      "orgStatus": "active",
      "headquartersNote": "日本东京都新宿区矢来町"
    },
    {
      "id": "organization_gallimard",
      "type": "organization",
      "title": "伽利玛出版社",
      "slug": "gallimard",
      "aliases": [
        "Éditions Gallimard",
        "Gallimard",
        "加利马出版社"
      ],
      "summary": "伽利玛出版社是1911年在巴黎创办的法国主要图书出版社之一，现为马德里加尔集团子公司。",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-literature"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-publishing",
        "tag-literature"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "s1",
          "title": "Éditions Gallimard",
          "author": "Wikipedia",
          "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89ditions_Gallimard",
          "locator": "2026-11-01 访问"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-11-01T03:16:58+08:00",
      "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:16:58+08:00",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 1,
      "body": "**伽利玛出版社**（Éditions Gallimard）是1911年在[[place_france_paris|巴黎]]创办的法国主要图书出版社之一[^s1]。\n\n## 沿革\n\n1911年5月31日，加斯东·伽利玛与安德烈·纪德、让·施伦贝格在巴黎以“新法兰西评论出版社”（Éditions de la Nouvelle Revue Française）之名创办该社[^s1]。1919年改名“伽利玛书店”（Librairie Gallimard），1961年起使用现名[^s1]。该社现由创始人之孙安托万·伽利玛控股，是法国第三大出版集团马德里加尔集团（Groupe Madrigall）的子公司[^s1]。\n\n## 主要业务\n\n1911年至1919年6月，该社出版了百种图书，其中普鲁斯特《追忆似水年华》第二卷《在少女们身旁》成为该社第一部获龚古尔奖的图书[^s1]。该社畅销作者包括阿尔贝·加缪、安托万·德·圣-埃克苏佩里和J·K·罗琳（《哈利·波特》法文版）等[^s1]。\n\n## 经营情况\n\n2003年，该社及其子公司出版图书1418种[^s1]。",
      "url": "/organizations/gallimard.html",
      "lang": "id",
      "fallback": true,
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh"
      ],
      "orgKind": "publisher",
      "founded": {
        "year": 1911,
        "month": 5,
        "day": 31,
        "precision": "day",
        "display": "1911年5月31日"
      },
      "orgStatus": "active",
      "headquartersNote": "法国巴黎"
    },
    {
      "id": "organization_wiley",
      "type": "organization",
      "title": "威立",
      "slug": "wiley",
      "aliases": [
        "Wiley",
        "John Wiley \u0026 Sons",
        "约翰·威立父子公司"
      ],
      "summary": "威立（John Wiley \u0026 Sons）是1807年在纽约创办的美国跨国出版公司，以学术出版和教学材料为主，总部位于新泽西州霍博肯。",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-science-technology",
        "category-education"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-publishing"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "s1",
          "title": "Wiley (publisher)",
          "author": "Wikipedia",
          "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiley_(publisher)",
          "locator": "2026-11-01 访问"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-11-01T03:16:36+08:00",
      "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:16:36+08:00",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 1,
      "body": "**威立**（John Wiley \u0026 Sons, Inc.，通称Wiley）是1807年在[[place_us_ny_new_york|纽约]]创办的美国跨国出版公司，以学术出版和教学材料为主[^s1]。\n\n## 沿革\n\n1807年，查尔斯·威立在曼哈顿开设印刷店，公司由此创立[^s1]。19世纪，该公司出版过詹姆斯·费尼莫尔·库珀、华盛顿·欧文、赫尔曼·梅尔维尔、埃德加·爱伦·坡等美国作家的作品，后来放弃文学出版，转向科学、技术和工程领域[^s1]。1826年查尔斯·威立去世后，其子约翰接管公司[^s1]。\n\n## 主要业务\n\n该公司以纸本和电子形式出版图书、期刊和百科全书，并为本科生、研究生和继续教育学生提供在线产品、培训材料和教学材料[^s1]。",
      "url": "/organizations/wiley.html",
      "lang": "id",
      "fallback": true,
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh"
      ],
      "orgKind": "publisher",
      "founded": {
        "year": 1807,
        "precision": "year",
        "display": "1807年"
      },
      "orgStatus": "active",
      "headquartersNote": "美国新泽西州霍博肯；1807年创办于纽约。"
    },
    {
      "id": "organization_springer_nature",
      "type": "organization",
      "title": "施普林格·自然",
      "slug": "springer-nature",
      "aliases": [
        "Springer Nature",
        "施普林格自然"
      ],
      "summary": "施普林格·自然是2015年5月由施普林格科学+商业媒体与自然出版集团等合并而成的德英学术出版公司。",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-science-technology"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-publishing"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "s1",
          "title": "Springer Nature",
          "author": "Wikipedia",
          "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springer_Nature",
          "locator": "2026-11-01 访问"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-11-01T03:15:55+08:00",
      "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:15:55+08:00",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 1,
      "body": "**施普林格·自然**（Springer Nature）是2015年5月通过合并成立的德英学术出版公司，全球总部位于[[place_united_kingdom_london|伦敦]][^s1]。\n\n## 沿革\n\n该公司源于多家期刊与出版机构：1842年由尤利乌斯·施普林格在柏林创办的施普林格出版社、自1869年起出版《自然》的自然出版集团，以及源自[[organization_macmillan_publishers|麦克米伦出版公司]]的麦克米伦教育[^s1]。2015年1月15日宣布合并计划，同年5月完成交易：霍尔茨布林克出版集团旗下的自然出版集团、Palgrave Macmillan和麦克米伦教育，与BC Partners持有的施普林格科学+商业媒体合并，霍尔茨布林克持有53%多数股权[^s1]。2018年5月和2020年秋季两次上市尝试未果，2024年10月上市成功[^s1]。2021年收购开放获取出版商Atlantis Press[^s1]。\n\n## 主要业务\n\n该公司从事学术出版，旗下包括《自然》期刊、施普林格、Palgrave Macmillan等[^s1]。",
      "url": "/organizations/springer-nature.html",
      "lang": "id",
      "fallback": true,
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh"
      ],
      "orgKind": "publisher",
      "founded": {
        "year": 2015,
        "month": 5,
        "precision": "month",
        "display": "2015年5月"
      },
      "orgStatus": "active",
      "headquartersNote": "伦敦（全球）、柏林（公司）、纽约（销售）"
    },
    {
      "id": "organization_oxford_university_press",
      "type": "organization",
      "title": "牛津大学出版社",
      "slug": "oxford-university-press",
      "aliases": [
        "Oxford University Press",
        "OUP"
      ],
      "summary": "牛津大学出版社是牛津大学的出版部门，1586年获得印书的法定权利，是世界上规模最大的大学出版社。",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-education"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-publishing",
        "tag-education"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "s1",
          "title": "Oxford University Press",
          "author": "Wikipedia",
          "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford_University_Press",
          "locator": "2026-11-01 访问"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-11-01T03:15:34+08:00",
      "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:15:34+08:00",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 1,
      "body": "**牛津大学出版社**（Oxford University Press，OUP）是牛津大学的出版机构，位于英国牛津，是世界上规模最大的大学出版社[^s1]。\n\n## 沿革\n\n牛津的第一本书印于1478年，出版社于1586年经法令正式获得印书的法定权利[^s1]。它是仅次于[[organization_cambridge_university_press|剑桥大学出版社]]的第二古老的大学出版社[^s1]。\n\n## 职能与业务\n\n该社是牛津大学的一个部门，由大学副校长任命的15名学者组成的“出版委员会”（Delegates of the Press）管理，委员会秘书兼任出版社首席执行官；这一治理结构自17世纪以来大体未变[^s1]。近400年来，该社以出版教学用书为主，现出版学术期刊、词典、英语学习资源、书目以及印度学、音乐、古典学、文学、历史等领域的图书，也出版圣经和地图集[^s1]。",
      "url": "/organizations/oxford-university-press.html",
      "lang": "id",
      "fallback": true,
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh"
      ],
      "orgKind": "publisher",
      "founded": {
        "year": 1586,
        "precision": "year",
        "display": "1586年"
      },
      "orgStatus": "active",
      "headquartersNote": "英国牛津沃尔顿街"
    },
    {
      "id": "organization_cambridge_university_press",
      "type": "organization",
      "title": "剑桥大学出版社",
      "slug": "cambridge-university-press",
      "aliases": [
        "Cambridge University Press",
        "CUP"
      ],
      "summary": "剑桥大学出版社是剑桥大学的出版机构，1534年获亨利八世颁发特许状，是世界上最古老的大学出版社。",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-education"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-publishing",
        "tag-education"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "s1",
          "title": "Cambridge University Press",
          "author": "Wikipedia",
          "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press",
          "locator": "2026-11-01 访问"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-11-01T03:15:19+08:00",
      "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:15:19+08:00",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 1,
      "body": "**剑桥大学出版社**（Cambridge University Press）是剑桥大学的大学出版社，位于英国剑桥，1534年获英王亨利八世颁发特许状，是世界上最古老的大学出版社[^s1]。\n\n## 沿革\n\n2021年8月，经伊丽莎白二世批准，剑桥大学出版社与剑桥评估（Cambridge Assessment）合并为剑桥大学出版与评估部（Cambridge University Press \u0026 Assessment），出版社在其中仍保持独立存在[^s1]。\n\n## 职能与业务\n\n该社在超过40个国家设有办事处，已出版来自100多个国家作者的5万多种图书，出版物包括420多种学术期刊、专著、参考书、中小学和大学教材以及英语教学出版物[^s1]。它也出版圣经，并担任“国王印刷商”（King's Printer）[^s1]。\n\n## 现状\n\n作为剑桥大学的一部分，该社是非营利组织[^s1]。",
      "url": "/organizations/cambridge-university-press.html",
      "lang": "id",
      "fallback": true,
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh"
      ],
      "orgKind": "publisher",
      "founded": {
        "year": 1534,
        "precision": "year",
        "display": "1534年"
      },
      "orgStatus": "active",
      "headquartersNote": "英国剑桥"
    },
    {
      "id": "organization_macmillan_publishers",
      "type": "organization",
      "title": "麦克米伦出版公司",
      "slug": "macmillan-publishers",
      "aliases": [
        "Macmillan Publishers",
        "Pan Macmillan",
        "麦克米伦"
      ],
      "summary": "麦克米伦出版公司是1843年在伦敦创办的英国出版公司，1999年起为霍尔茨布林克出版集团全资子公司，是英语出版业“五大”之一。",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-literature"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-publishing"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "s1",
          "title": "Macmillan Publishers",
          "author": "Wikipedia",
          "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macmillan_Publishers",
          "locator": "2026-11-01 访问"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-11-01T03:14:25+08:00",
      "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:14:25+08:00",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 1,
      "body": "**麦克米伦出版公司**（Macmillan Publishers，在英国称Pan Macmillan）是1843年在[[place_united_kingdom_london|伦敦]]创办的英国出版公司，是英语出版业“五大”之一[^s1]。\n\n## 沿革\n\n该公司由来自苏格兰阿伦岛的丹尼尔·麦克米伦与亚历山大·麦克米伦兄弟于1843年创办，同年兄弟二人还买下了剑桥的一家书店业务[^s1]。前英国首相哈罗德·麦克米伦是丹尼尔之孙，1964年至1986年12月去世前担任公司董事长[^s1]。1999年起，Pan Macmillan和Macmillan Publishers成为霍尔茨布林克出版集团（Holtzbrinck Publishing Group）的全资子公司[^s1]。\n\n## 主要业务\n\n该公司创办后不久即成为英国主要出版商之一，出版了刘易斯·卡罗尔《爱丽丝梦游仙境》（1865年）和吉卜林《丛林之书》（1894年）[^s1]。\n\n## 经营情况\n\n据维基百科条目（2026年11月访问），该公司在41个国家设有办事处，并在另外30多个国家开展业务[^s1]。",
      "url": "/organizations/macmillan-publishers.html",
      "lang": "id",
      "fallback": true,
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh"
      ],
      "orgKind": "publisher",
      "founded": {
        "year": 1843,
        "precision": "year",
        "display": "1843年"
      },
      "orgStatus": "active",
      "headquartersNote": "英国伦敦"
    },
    {
      "id": "organization_penguin_random_house",
      "type": "organization",
      "title": "企鹅兰登书屋",
      "slug": "penguin-random-house",
      "aliases": [
        "Penguin Random House",
        "PRH",
        "企鹅兰登"
      ],
      "summary": "企鹅兰登书屋是2013年由企鹅集团与兰登书屋合并而成的跨国出版集团，总部位于纽约，现为贝塔斯曼全资子公司，是英语出版业“五大”之一。",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-literature"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-publishing"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "s1",
          "title": "Penguin Random House",
          "author": "Wikipedia",
          "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penguin_Random_House",
          "locator": "2026-11-01 访问"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-11-01T03:13:14+08:00",
      "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:13:14+08:00",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 1,
      "body": "**企鹅兰登书屋**（Penguin Random House）是2013年由企鹅集团与兰登书屋合并成立的英美跨国出版集团，总部位于[[place_us_ny_new_york|纽约]]，英国总部位于[[place_united_kingdom_london|伦敦]][^s1]。它与西蒙与舒斯特、阿歇特、哈珀柯林斯和麦克米伦并称英语出版业“五大”[^s1]。\n\n## 沿革\n\n2013年7月1日，贝塔斯曼（Bertelsmann）与培生（Pearson）完成交易，将各自的兰登书屋与企鹅集团合并，双方最初分别持有53%和47%[^s1]。2017年7月培生出售部分股权，2020年4月2日贝塔斯曼收购培生剩余25%股权，成为唯一所有者[^s1]。2020年11月，该公司同意以21.75亿美元收购西蒙与舒斯特；美国司法部以反垄断为由起诉，法院于2022年10月31日判司法部胜诉，交易于2022年11月终止[^s1]。2024年7月，该公司宣布收购漫画出版商Boom! Studios[^s1]。\n\n## 主要业务\n\n该集团出版各类体裁和形式的图书，旗下包括美、英、加、澳、新西兰、葡萄牙、印度等地的企鹅与兰登书屋公司、全球的DK，以及兰登书屋在西班牙、西语美洲和德国的公司[^s1]。旗下出版品牌包括Alfred A. Knopf、Doubleday、Viking、Penguin Classics等[^s1]。\n\n## 经营情况\n\n2020年并入贝塔斯曼德语出版组后，该集团共有365个出版品牌[^s1]。2021年，该集团全球员工约1万人，每年出版1.5万种图书；2023年营收为45.3亿欧元[^s1]。",
      "url": "/organizations/penguin-random-house.html",
      "lang": "id",
      "fallback": true,
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh"
      ],
      "orgKind": "publisher",
      "founded": {
        "year": 2013,
        "month": 7,
        "day": 1,
        "precision": "day",
        "display": "2013年7月1日"
      },
      "orgStatus": "active",
      "headquartersNote": "美国纽约兰登书屋大厦；英国总部在伦敦。"
    },
    {
      "id": "organization_citic_press",
      "type": "organization",
      "title": "中信出版集团",
      "slug": "citic-press",
      "aliases": [
        "中信出版社",
        "中信出版集团股份有限公司",
        "CITIC Press Corporation"
      ],
      "summary": "中信出版集团是1988年在北京成立的出版企业，隶属中国中信集团，专长经管图书出版。",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-literature"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-publishing"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "s1",
          "title": "中信出版集团",
          "author": "维基百科",
          "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-cn/中信出版社",
          "locator": "2026-11-01 访问"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-11-01T03:12:45+08:00",
      "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:12:45+08:00",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 1,
      "body": "**中信出版集团**（旧称中信出版社）是1988年在[[place_beijing|北京]]成立的出版企业，隶属中国中信集团[^s1]。\n\n## 沿革\n\n1988年8月20日，中信出版社获批成立，隶属中国国际信托投资公司（后更名中国中信集团），为全民所有制企业[^s1]。2008年改制为股份公司，2013年发展为中信出版集团，2015年12月登陆全国中小企业股份转让系统（新三板）[^s1]。现为深圳证券交易所上市公司，股票代码300788[^s1]。2017年9月27日，该公司宣布与日本文化便利俱乐部合资设立中信出版日本株式会社[^s1]。\n\n## 主要业务\n\n该公司专长经管图书出版，亦出版文学等领域图书；旗下墨狸工作室等品牌还出版日本漫画中文版[^s1]。\n\n## 经营情况\n\n2014年结算期，中信出版集团净利润为6408.9万元人民币，总资产为6.1亿元人民币[^s1]。",
      "url": "/organizations/citic-press.html",
      "lang": "id",
      "fallback": true,
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh"
      ],
      "orgKind": "publisher",
      "founded": {
        "year": 1988,
        "month": 8,
        "day": 20,
        "precision": "day",
        "display": "1988年8月20日"
      },
      "orgStatus": "active",
      "headquartersNote": "北京市朝阳区"
    },
    {
      "id": "organization_changjiang_literature_art",
      "type": "organization",
      "title": "长江文艺出版社",
      "slug": "changjiang-literature-and-art-publishing-house",
      "aliases": [
        "长江文艺"
      ],
      "summary": "长江文艺出版社是1955年成立、位于武汉的文学出版社，现属湖北长江出版集团。",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-literature"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-publishing",
        "tag-literature"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "s1",
          "title": "长江文艺出版社",
          "author": "维基百科",
          "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-cn/长江文艺出版社",
          "locator": "2026-11-01 访问"
        },
        {
          "id": "s2",
          "title": "《活着》的读者接受与当代中国的情感结构",
          "author": "中国作家网",
          "date": "2024-02-22",
          "url": "https://www.chinawriter.com.cn/n1/2024/0222/c404030-40181661.html"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-11-01T03:12:03+08:00",
      "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:12:03+08:00",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 1,
      "body": "**长江文艺出版社**是1955年成立、位于[[place_wuhan|武汉]]的文学出版社，现为湖北长江出版集团下属出版社[^s1]。\n\n## 沿革\n\n该社成立于1955年，后建立了北京、上海分社[^s1]。\n\n## 主要业务\n\n该社主要出版文学作品，出版类型包括图书和期刊[^s1]。1993年11月，该社出版了[[person_douban_1a65aa1c200d|余华]][[work_douban_2f6237a9f600|《活着》]]不到十一万字的长篇单行本，此后各版大体以该版为基础[^s2]。\n\n## 经营情况\n\n2009年，该社被新闻出版署评为全国百佳图书出版单位（文艺类）[^s1]。",
      "url": "/organizations/changjiang-literature-and-art-publishing-house.html",
      "lang": "id",
      "fallback": true,
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh"
      ],
      "orgKind": "publisher",
      "founded": {
        "year": 1955,
        "precision": "year",
        "display": "1955年"
      },
      "orgStatus": "active",
      "headquartersNote": "湖北省武汉市"
    },
    {
      "id": "organization_beijing_october_literature_art",
      "type": "organization",
      "title": "北京十月文艺出版社",
      "slug": "beijing-october-literature-and-art-publishing-house",
      "aliases": [
        "十月文艺"
      ],
      "summary": "北京十月文艺出版社是1983年在北京成立的文学出版社，属北京出版集团“十月”文学品牌，出版过《穆斯林的葬礼》《平凡的世界》《文城》等书。",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-literature"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-publishing",
        "tag-literature"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "s1",
          "title": "十月文艺 | 四十年，四十本书",
          "author": "北京出版集团",
          "date": "2023-10-31",
          "url": "http://bph.com.cn/news/detail/3713.html"
        },
        {
          "id": "s2",
          "title": "北京十月文艺出版社：中国原创文学出版重要平台",
          "author": "千龙网（凤凰网转载）",
          "date": "2018-10-08",
          "url": "https://culture.ifeng.com/c/7gpR9txL2Ce"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-11-01T03:11:47+08:00",
      "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:11:47+08:00",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 1,
      "body": "**北京十月文艺出版社**是1983年在[[place_beijing|北京]]成立的文学出版社[^s1]。它与《十月》杂志、十月文学院、《十月少年文学》杂志共同构成北京出版集团旗下的“十月”文学品牌[^s2]。\n\n## 沿革\n\n1983年，该社在北京市崇文区东兴隆街的一栋旧式木楼里创立，同年10月引进出版欧文·斯通《梵高传》，12月起编辑出版以扶植文学新人为宗旨的《希望文学丛书》[^s1]。\n\n## 主要业务\n\n该社出版的长篇小说《少年天子》《穆斯林的葬礼》《无字》《额尔古纳河右岸》《北上》《宝水》等获茅盾文学奖[^s1]。2009年5月该社出版路遥《平凡的世界》，并于同年取得该书独家版权[^s1]。2021年3月，该社出版[[person_douban_1a65aa1c200d|余华]]的长篇小说[[work_wencheng|《文城》]][^s1]。\n\n## 经营情况\n\n据北京出版集团2023年的文章，《穆斯林的葬礼》累计销量突破500万册，《平凡的世界》累计销量突破2000万册[^s1]。",
      "url": "/organizations/beijing-october-literature-and-art-publishing-house.html",
      "lang": "id",
      "fallback": true,
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh"
      ],
      "orgKind": "publisher",
      "founded": {
        "year": 1983,
        "precision": "year",
        "display": "1983年"
      },
      "orgStatus": "active",
      "headquartersNote": "北京；1983年创社于北京市崇文区东兴隆街。"
    },
    {
      "id": "organization_shanghai_literature_art_publishing_house",
      "type": "organization",
      "title": "上海文艺出版社",
      "slug": "shanghai-literature-and-art-publishing-house",
      "aliases": [
        "Shanghai Literature and Art Publishing House"
      ],
      "summary": "上海文艺出版社是1952年在上海成立的综合性文学艺术出版社，前身为新文艺出版社，现隶属上海世纪出版集团。",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-literature"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-publishing",
        "tag-literature"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "s1",
          "title": "上海文艺出版社",
          "author": "维基百科",
          "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-cn/上海文艺出版社",
          "locator": "2026-11-01 访问"
        },
        {
          "id": "s2",
          "title": "兄弟 (小说)",
          "author": "维基百科",
          "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-cn/兄弟_(小说)"
        },
        {
          "id": "s3",
          "title": "许三观卖血记",
          "author": "维基百科",
          "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-cn/许三观卖血记"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-11-01T03:10:44+08:00",
      "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:10:44+08:00",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 1,
      "body": "**上海文艺出版社**是1952年在[[place_shanghai|上海]]成立的综合性文学艺术出版社，现隶属上海世纪出版集团[^s1]。\n\n## 沿革\n\n该社前身为新文艺出版社，1952年6月由群益出版社、海燕书店、大孚出版公司结合设立，并改组为公私合营出版社[^s1]。1958年9月，新文艺出版社与上海文化出版社、上海音乐出版社合并后改为现名，此后又陆续兼并文化生活出版社、平明出版社等机构[^s1]。1963年11月该社与[[organization_renmin_wenxue_chubanshe|人民文学出版社]]合并，次年改名“人民文学出版社上海分社”；文革时期被撤销，文革结束后重新建立[^s1]。\n\n## 主要业务\n\n该社主要出版中外当代和现代文学、艺术作品及文艺理论、文艺批评专著，亦出版《故事会》等期刊[^s1]。2012年，该社在上海书城首发最新版“莫言作品系列”[^s1]。余华的[[work_xusanguan_maixueji|《许三观卖血记》]]曾于2004年由该社出版[^s3]，[[work_douban_9ad3b081730a|《兄弟》]]上部、下部分别于2005年8月和2006年3月由该社出版[^s2]。",
      "url": "/organizations/shanghai-literature-and-art-publishing-house.html",
      "lang": "id",
      "fallback": true,
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh"
      ],
      "orgKind": "publisher",
      "founded": {
        "year": 1952,
        "month": 6,
        "day": 1,
        "precision": "day",
        "display": "1952年6月1日"
      },
      "orgStatus": "active",
      "headquartersNote": "上海市长乐路"
    },
    {
      "id": "organization_shanghai_translation_publishing_house",
      "type": "organization",
      "title": "上海译文出版社",
      "slug": "shanghai-translation-publishing-house",
      "aliases": [
        "Shanghai Translation Publishing House",
        "译文社"
      ],
      "summary": "上海译文出版社是1978年在上海成立的翻译出版社，出版外国文学、外国哲学社会科学著作和外汉词典等，现属上海世纪出版股份有限公司。",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-literature"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-publishing",
        "tag-literature"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "s1",
          "title": "上海译文出版社",
          "author": "维基百科",
          "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-cn/上海译文出版社",
          "locator": "2026-11-01 访问"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-11-01T03:10:22+08:00",
      "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:10:22+08:00",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 1,
      "body": "**上海译文出版社**是1978年在[[place_shanghai|上海]]成立的出版社，出版物以外国图书的翻译作品居多，现为上海世纪出版股份有限公司的分公司[^s1]。\n\n## 沿革\n\n该社成立于1978年1月1日，前身为20世纪50年代成立的上海新文艺出版社和人民文学出版社上海分社的外国文学编辑室[^s1]。1978年4月出版《斯巴达克斯》中译本，同年6月创办《外国文艺》杂志，并与[[organization_renmin_wenxue_chubanshe|人民文学出版社]]合作推出“外国文学名著丛书”[^s1]。1989年8月出版《英汉大词典》上卷，1991年9月出版下卷[^s1]。1991年6月，该社签约购买《斯嘉丽》中文简体字版出版权，这是中国大陆出版界首次取得国外畅销书的独家授权[^s1]。\n\n## 主要业务\n\n该社出版领域涵盖外国文学、外国哲学社会科学著作、外汉词典、外语教育用书和童书等[^s1]。代表性丛书有“二十世纪外国文学丛书”“二十世纪西方哲学译丛”“译文纪实”等，现仍出版《外国文艺》杂志[^s1]。\n\n## 经营情况\n\n2018年，该社授权合作的电子书销售平台达20个，在售电子书品种逾千种[^s1]。",
      "url": "/organizations/shanghai-translation-publishing-house.html",
      "lang": "id",
      "fallback": true,
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh"
      ],
      "orgKind": "publisher",
      "founded": {
        "year": 1978,
        "month": 1,
        "day": 1,
        "precision": "day",
        "display": "1978年1月1日"
      },
      "orgStatus": "active",
      "headquartersNote": "上海市闵行区世纪出版园"
    },
    {
      "id": "organization_sdx_joint_publishing",
      "type": "organization",
      "title": "生活·读书·新知三联书店",
      "slug": "sdx-joint-publishing",
      "aliases": [
        "三联书店",
        "SDX Joint Publishing Company"
      ],
      "summary": "生活·读书·新知三联书店是总部位于北京的书店兼出版社，1948年由三家出版发行机构在香港合并而成，主要出版人文、社会科学著作。",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-literature"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-publishing"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "s1",
          "title": "生活·读书·新知三联书店",
          "author": "维基百科",
          "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-cn/生活·读书·新知三联书店",
          "locator": "2026-11-01 访问"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-11-01T03:09:58+08:00",
      "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:09:58+08:00",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 1,
      "body": "**生活·读书·新知三联书店**（简称三联书店）是1948年10月在香港合并成立、现总部位于[[place_beijing|北京]]的书店兼出版社[^s1]。\n\n## 沿革\n\n三联书店的前身是在[[place_shanghai|上海]]创办的生活书店（1932年）、读书出版社（1934年）和新知书店（1935年）[^s1]。1948年10月，三家机构在香港合并；1949年3月总部迁往北平，成立生活·读书·新知三联书店总管理处[^s1]。1951年并入人民出版社，1954年起成为人民出版社的副牌[^s1]。1986年1月，三联书店恢复独立建制[^s1]。同年上海市政府发起成立上海三联书店，1988年1月香港的三联书店成立为三联书店（香港）有限公司[^s1]。\n\n## 主要业务\n\n三联书店主要出版人文、社会科学著作，发行《读书》《三联生活周刊》《爱乐》等杂志[^s1]。其母公司为中国出版传媒股份有限公司[^s1]。",
      "url": "/organizations/sdx-joint-publishing.html",
      "lang": "id",
      "fallback": true,
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh"
      ],
      "disambiguation": "本条目指总部位于北京的三联书店；1986年成立的上海三联书店和三联书店（香港）有限公司另为独立机构。",
      "orgKind": "publisher",
      "founded": {
        "year": 1948,
        "month": 10,
        "precision": "month",
        "display": "1948年10月"
      },
      "orgStatus": "active",
      "headquartersNote": "北京市东城区；1948年在香港合并成立，1949年3月总部迁往北平。"
    },
    {
      "id": "organization_renmin_wenxue_chubanshe",
      "type": "organization",
      "title": "人民文学出版社",
      "slug": "peoples-literature-publishing-house",
      "aliases": [
        "People's Literature Publishing House",
        "人文社"
      ],
      "summary": "人民文学出版社是1951年成立的国家级文学专业出版机构，总部位于北京，现为中国出版集团下属出版社。",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-literature"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-publishing",
        "tag-literature"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "s1",
          "title": "人民文学出版社",
          "author": "维基百科",
          "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-cn/人民文学出版社",
          "locator": "2026-11-01 访问"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-11-01T03:09:25+08:00",
      "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:09:25+08:00",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 1,
      "body": "**人民文学出版社**（简称人文社）是1951年成立的国家级文学专业出版机构，总部位于[[place_beijing|北京]][^s1]。\n\n## 沿革\n\n首任社长兼总编辑为冯雪峰[^s1]。该社历史上使用过外国文学出版社、作家出版社、文学古籍刊行社等副牌；其中作家出版社作为副牌的时期为1953年11月至1958年8月、1960年12月至1980年1月，上海文艺出版社也曾于1964年4月至1970年12月改为人民文学出版社上海分社[^s1]。该社现为中国出版集团下属出版社，下属天天出版社，并控股出版机构九久读书人[^s1]。\n\n## 主要业务\n\n该社除出版当代文学作品外，也出版经典著作和中外著名作家的文集、全集，出版物包括《鲁迅全集》《茅盾全集》《巴金全集》《莎士比亚全集》、钱锺书《围城》、陈忠实《白鹿原》以及《哈利·波特》中译本等[^s1]。它还出版《中华文学选刊》等文学报刊[^s1]。\n\n## 经营情况\n\n2009年，该社被新闻出版署评为全国百佳图书出版单位（文艺类）[^s1]。",
      "url": "/organizations/peoples-literature-publishing-house.html",
      "lang": "id",
      "fallback": true,
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh"
      ],
      "orgKind": "publisher",
      "founded": {
        "year": 1951,
        "month": 3,
        "precision": "month",
        "display": "1951年3月"
      },
      "orgStatus": "active",
      "headquartersNote": "北京市丰台区"
    },
    {
      "id": "work_shibasuichumenyuanxing",
      "type": "work",
      "title": "十八岁出门远行",
      "slug": "shi-ba-sui-chu-men-yuan-xing",
      "summary": "《十八岁出门远行》是余华的短篇小说，1987年发表于《北京文学》，是他的成名作。",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-literature"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-literature"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "s1",
          "title": "纪念《收获》创刊60周年｜余华：纵论人生，纵论自我",
          "author": "余华（澎湃新闻）",
          "date": "2017-12-08",
          "url": "https://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_1896476"
        },
        {
          "id": "s2",
          "title": "《河边的错误》--书汇--中国作家网",
          "author": "中国作家网",
          "date": "2018-02-28",
          "url": "https://www.chinawriter.com.cn/n1/2018/0228/c405069-29839513.html"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-11-01T02:58:43+08:00",
      "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:04:56+08:00",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 3,
      "body": "**《十八岁出门远行》**是[[person_douban_1a65aa1c200d|余华]]创作的短篇小说，余华称之为自己的成名作[^s1]。\n\n## 创作背景\n\n小说初稿在浙江海盐河边的一间小房子里写成。1986年深秋，余华带着初稿到北京参加《北京文学》改稿会，副主编李陀读后大力推荐。小说在《北京文学》1987年第1期青年作家专号上以头条发表[^s1]。\n\n## 版本与影响\n\n经李陀宣传，小说发表后引起关注；李陀随后把余华的中篇小说推荐给《收获》，并请编辑部读一读这篇小说[^s1]。它与《河边的错误》《一九八六年》《古典爱情》等同属余华的主要中短篇小说[^s2]。",
      "url": "/works/shi-ba-sui-chu-men-yuan-xing.html",
      "lang": "id",
      "fallback": true,
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh"
      ],
      "workKind": "short_story",
      "medium": "文字",
      "published": {
        "year": 1987,
        "precision": "year",
        "display": "1987年"
      },
      "language": "中文",
      "creators": [
        "余华"
      ]
    },
    {
      "customFields": [
        {
          "key": "isbn",
          "value": "9787513312103"
        }
      ],
      "id": "work_diqitian",
      "type": "work",
      "title": "第七天",
      "slug": "di-qi-tian",
      "summary": "《第七天》是余华的长篇小说，2013年由新星出版社出版，讲述一个普通人死后七日的见闻。",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-literature"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-literature"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "s1",
          "title": "《第七天》",
          "author": "中国作家网",
          "date": "2013-06-14",
          "url": "http://www.chinawriter.com.cn/book/2013-06-14/3695.html"
        },
        {
          "id": "s2",
          "title": "第七天 (小说)",
          "author": "维基百科",
          "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-cn/第七天_(小说)"
        },
        {
          "id": "s3",
          "title": "余华《第七天》被揭“致命伤” 过度炒作遭质疑",
          "author": "路艳霞（北京日报，中新网转载）",
          "date": "2013-06-26",
          "url": "https://www.chinanews.com.cn/cul/2013/06-26/4969771.shtml"
        },
        {
          "id": "s4",
          "title": "余华《第七天》开篇提前曝光 跟以往作品大不同",
          "author": "蔡震（扬子晚报，中国作家网转载）",
          "date": "2013-06-05",
          "url": "http://www.chinawriter.com.cn/2013/2013-06-05/164041.html"
        },
        {
          "id": "s5",
          "title": "纪念《收获》创刊60周年｜余华：纵论人生，纵论自我",
          "author": "余华（澎湃新闻）",
          "date": "2017-12-08",
          "url": "https://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_1896476"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-11-01T02:58:08+08:00",
      "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:04:41+08:00",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 3,
      "body": "**《第七天》**是[[person_douban_1a65aa1c200d|余华]]创作的长篇小说，由新星出版社出版[^s1]。\n\n## 成书与出版\n\n余华在写完《兄弟》后便有意集中书写“文革”之后三十多年间发生的奇怪事情，2013年初想到一个死者接到殡仪馆电话的开头后开始写作；全书以七章写七天[^s5]。书名源自《旧约·创世记》中神在第七日安息的记载[^s4]。2013年6月14日，该书纸质版与电子版同步首发[^s3]。\n\n## 内容\n\n小说用荒诞的笔触讲述一个普通人死后七日的见闻[^s1]。主人公杨飞在死后七天中经历并回忆自己的人生，由此带出中国社会的各种问题[^s2]。\n\n## 影响\n\n该书上市后，围绕作品质量和出版方的营销宣传出现了较多批评[^s3]；也有评论者不同意将其视为“新闻串烧”的说法[^s2]。",
      "url": "/works/di-qi-tian.html",
      "lang": "id",
      "fallback": true,
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh"
      ],
      "disambiguation": "余华长篇小说",
      "workKind": "book",
      "medium": "文字",
      "published": {
        "year": 2013,
        "month": 6,
        "precision": "month",
        "display": "2013年6月"
      },
      "language": "中文",
      "creators": [
        "余华"
      ]
    },
    {
      "customFields": [
        {
          "key": "isbn",
          "value": "9787530221099"
        }
      ],
      "id": "work_wencheng",
      "type": "work",
      "title": "文城",
      "slug": "wen-cheng",
      "summary": "《文城》是余华的第六部长篇小说，2021年由北京十月文艺出版社出版，讲述林祥福南下寻找妻子所说的“文城”的故事。",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-literature"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-literature"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "s1",
          "title": "《文城》--书汇--中国作家网",
          "author": "中国作家网",
          "date": "2021-02-23",
          "url": "http://www.chinawriter.com.cn/n1/2021/0223/c405084-32034548.html"
        },
        {
          "id": "s2",
          "title": "《文城》一个月，读者怎么看？",
          "author": "中国作家网",
          "date": "2021-03-23",
          "url": "https://www.chinawriter.com.cn/n1/2021/0323/c407521-32057585.html"
        },
        {
          "id": "s3",
          "title": "余华谈新作《文城》：一座不存在的城市 所有故事却都跟它有关",
          "author": "新华网",
          "date": "2021-04-29",
          "url": "http://www.xinhuanet.com/politics/2021-04/29/c_1211134530.htm"
        },
        {
          "id": "s4",
          "title": "余华长篇新作《文城》推出",
          "author": "傅小平（文学报，中国作家网转载）",
          "date": "2021-02-22",
          "url": "https://www.chinawriter.com.cn/n1/2021/0222/c403994-32033355.html"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-11-01T02:58:28+08:00",
      "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:04:19+08:00",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 2,
      "body": "**《文城》**是[[person_douban_1a65aa1c200d|余华]]创作的长篇小说，由北京十月文艺出版社出版[^s1]，是他的第六部长篇小说[^s3]。\n\n## 成书与出版\n\n该书由新经典与北京十月文艺出版社推出，距余华上一部长篇《第七天》相隔八年[^s4]。2021年2月22日开始预售，3月3日正式销售；首印50万册，预售第二天又加印10万册。封面画为当代艺术家张晓刚的作品《失忆与记忆：男人》[^s2]。\n\n## 内容\n\n故事背景为19世纪与20世纪之交的中国：北方富家少爷林祥福与南来女子小美生下一女，小美生育后离去、再无音讯，林祥福背着女儿一路南下，寻找小美所在的“文城”[^s2]。他最终在溪镇落脚，成为万亩荡和木器社的主人[^s1]。",
      "url": "/works/wen-cheng.html",
      "lang": "id",
      "fallback": true,
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh"
      ],
      "disambiguation": "余华长篇小说",
      "workKind": "book",
      "medium": "文字",
      "published": {
        "year": 2021,
        "precision": "year",
        "display": "2021年"
      },
      "language": "中文",
      "creators": [
        "余华"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "work_zaixiyuzhonghuhan",
      "type": "work",
      "title": "在细雨中呼喊",
      "slug": "zai-xi-yu-zhong-hu-han",
      "aliases": [
        "呼喊与细雨"
      ],
      "summary": "《在细雨中呼喊》是余华的第一部长篇小说，原名《呼喊与细雨》，1991年发表于《收获》，以孙光林的回忆写其童年与少年时代。",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-literature"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-literature"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "s1",
          "title": "在细雨中呼喊",
          "author": "维基百科",
          "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-cn/在细雨中呼喊"
        },
        {
          "id": "s2",
          "title": "纪念《收获》创刊60周年｜余华：纵论人生，纵论自我",
          "author": "余华（澎湃新闻）",
          "date": "2017-12-08",
          "url": "https://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_1896476"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-11-01T02:57:45+08:00",
      "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:04:01+08:00",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 2,
      "body": "**《在细雨中呼喊》**是[[person_douban_1a65aa1c200d|余华]]的第一部长篇小说，原名《呼喊与细雨》[^s1]。\n\n## 成书与出版\n\n余华最初将书稿送到《收获》编辑部时，编辑李小林对后半部分不满意；他在1991年夏秋于嘉兴重写了后半部分，九月下旬交稿后，小说被编入该刊当年第6期并作为头条发表[^s2]。\n\n## 内容\n\n小说以主人公孙光林“我”的回忆展开：“我”六岁时被军人王立强带离故乡南门，在孙荡镇生活；王立强死后，十一岁的“我”独自走回南门，在路上与祖父孙有元相遇。此后小说写到父亲孙广才、弟弟孙光明和玩伴苏宇等人的命运，直至“我”高中毕业后考上大学、离开南门[^s1]。",
      "url": "/works/zai-xi-yu-zhong-hu-han.html",
      "lang": "id",
      "fallback": true,
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh"
      ],
      "workKind": "book",
      "medium": "文字",
      "published": {
        "year": 1991,
        "precision": "year",
        "display": "1991年"
      },
      "language": "中文",
      "creators": [
        "余华"
      ]
    },
    {
      "customFields": [
        {
          "key": "isbn",
          "value": "9787532125968"
        }
      ],
      "id": "work_xusanguan_maixueji",
      "type": "work",
      "title": "许三观卖血记",
      "slug": "xu-san-guan-mai-xue-ji",
      "summary": "《许三观卖血记》是余华的长篇小说，1995年发表于《收获》，写丝厂工人许三观为家人一次次卖血的经历。",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-literature"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-literature"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "s1",
          "title": "许三观卖血记",
          "author": "维基百科",
          "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-cn/许三观卖血记"
        },
        {
          "id": "s2",
          "title": "纪念《收获》创刊60周年｜余华：纵论人生，纵论自我",
          "author": "余华（澎湃新闻）",
          "date": "2017-12-08",
          "url": "https://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_1896476"
        },
        {
          "id": "s3",
          "title": "余华",
          "author": "中国作家网",
          "url": "https://www.chinawriter.com.cn/fwzj/writer/19.shtml"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-11-01T02:57:27+08:00",
      "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:03:40+08:00",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 2,
      "body": "**《许三观卖血记》**是[[person_douban_1a65aa1c200d|余华]]创作的长篇小说，1995年发表于《收获》[^s2]。\n\n## 成书与出版\n\n1994年下半年，余华计划在1995年的《收获》上每期发表一个短篇小说。《许三观卖血记》起初也按短篇构思，写作中先扩展为中篇、又成为长篇，最终刊于该刊1995年第6期[^s2]。\n\n## 内容\n\n小说以丝厂工人许三观为主人公，时代背景为20世纪50、60年代。许三观初次卖血后用所得的钱娶了人称“油条西施”的许玉兰，此后为了家人一次次卖血；他得知长子并非自己亲生后仍接纳了这个儿子，年老时又为救他去卖血，几乎丧命[^s1]。\n\n## 版本\n\n上海文艺出版社于2004年出版该书；小说还被译为韩文、德文、意大利文等多种语言[^s1]。\n\n## 影响\n\n《许三观卖血记》与《活着》同时入选百位批评家和文学编辑评选的“九十年代最具有影响的十部作品”[^s3]。韩国电影《许三观》改编自该小说，由河正宇执导并主演，2015年在韩国上映[^s1]。",
      "url": "/works/xu-san-guan-mai-xue-ji.html",
      "lang": "id",
      "fallback": true,
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh"
      ],
      "workKind": "book",
      "medium": "文字",
      "published": {
        "year": 1995,
        "precision": "year",
        "display": "1995年"
      },
      "language": "中文",
      "creators": [
        "余华"
      ]
    },
    {
      "customFields": [
        {
          "key": "isbn",
          "value": "9787532129027\n9787532129843"
        }
      ],
      "id": "work_douban_9ad3b081730a",
      "type": "work",
      "title": "兄弟",
      "slug": "douban-book-xiong-di-shang-xia-he-ji",
      "aliases": [
        "兄弟（上下合集）"
      ],
      "summary": "《兄弟》是余华的长篇小说，分上、下两部，以江南小镇兄弟李光头和宋钢的命运贯穿“文革”与改革开放两个时代。",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-literature"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-literature"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "online",
          "title": "兄弟上下",
          "url": "https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%85%84%E5%BC%9F%E4%B8%8A%E4%B8%8B/57823405"
        },
        {
          "id": "s1",
          "title": "兄弟 (小说)",
          "author": "维基百科",
          "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-cn/兄弟_(小说)"
        },
        {
          "id": "s2",
          "title": "余华",
          "author": "中国作家网",
          "url": "https://www.chinawriter.com.cn/fwzj/writer/19.shtml"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:14:32+08:00",
      "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T02:57:04+08:00",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 6,
      "body": "**《兄弟》**是[[person_douban_1a65aa1c200d|余华]]创作的长篇小说，分上、下两部[^s1]。\n\n## 成书与出版\n\n上部于2005年8月、下部于2006年3月由上海文艺出版社出版[^s1]。\n\n## 内容\n\n小说讲述江南小镇两兄弟李光头和宋钢的人生：李光头的母亲李兰与宋钢的父亲宋凡平结婚，两个没有血缘关系的孩子成为兄弟[^s2]。上部写“文革”中这个家庭的遭遇，宋凡平在运动中遭迫害致死；下部写改革开放时代两兄弟迥异的命运，李光头经商暴富，宋钢则在下岗与病痛中潦倒，最终卧轨自杀[^s1]。\n\n## 版本\n\n2017年出版过上下合集版本[^online]。\n\n## 影响\n\n《兄弟》获2008年法国首届《国际信使》外国小说奖[^online]。",
      "url": "/works/douban-book-xiong-di-shang-xia-he-ji.html",
      "lang": "id",
      "fallback": true,
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh"
      ],
      "disambiguation": "余华长篇小说",
      "workKind": "book",
      "medium": "文字",
      "published": {
        "year": 2005,
        "month": 8,
        "precision": "month",
        "display": "2005年8月（上部）"
      },
      "language": "中文",
      "creators": [
        "余华"
      ]
    },
    {
      "customFields": [
        {
          "key": "isbn",
          "value": "9787530215593"
        }
      ],
      "id": "work_douban_2f6237a9f600",
      "type": "work",
      "title": "活着",
      "slug": "douban-book-huo-zhe",
      "summary": "《活着》是余华的长篇小说，1992年首刊于《收获》，1993年出版长篇单行本，以老人福贵自述一生的方式展开。",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-literature"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-literature"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "online",
          "title": "2024.10好书推荐",
          "url": "https://tsg.ncnu.edu.cn/engine2/general/7640970/detail?engineInstanceId=1223054\u0026pageId=189246\u0026typeId=3748069"
        },
        {
          "id": "s1",
          "title": "《活着》的读者接受与当代中国的情感结构",
          "author": "中国作家网",
          "date": "2024-02-22",
          "url": "https://www.chinawriter.com.cn/n1/2024/0222/c404030-40181661.html"
        },
        {
          "id": "s2",
          "title": "纪念《收获》创刊60周年｜余华：纵论人生，纵论自我",
          "author": "余华（澎湃新闻）",
          "date": "2017-12-08",
          "url": "https://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_1896476"
        },
        {
          "id": "s3",
          "title": "余华",
          "author": "中国作家网",
          "url": "https://www.chinawriter.com.cn/fwzj/writer/19.shtml"
        },
        {
          "id": "s4",
          "title": "蒋济永：《活着》三个版本的构成与意义生成",
          "author": "中国作家网",
          "date": "2020-03-13",
          "url": "https://www.chinawriter.com.cn/n1/2020/0313/c404030-31630564.html"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:12:54+08:00",
      "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T02:56:30+08:00",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 5,
      "body": "**《活着》**是[[person_douban_1a65aa1c200d|余华]]创作的长篇小说，最初以中篇小说形式发表于《收获》[^s1]。\n\n## 成书与出版\n\n余华在1992年初想到“活着”这一题目，起初用第三人称叙述，写了一万多字后改为由福贵自述的第一人称；小说在北京写完解放前的部分，回到嘉兴写完解放后的部分[^s2]。初刊本不到六万字，刊于《收获》1992年第6期；余华在参与电影剧本改编的过程中增写了约四万字，1993年11月由长江文艺出版社出版不到十一万字的长篇单行本，此后各版大体以该版为基础[^s1]。\n\n## 内容\n\n小说以叙述者“我”在乡间收集民间歌谣时遇到老人福贵开篇，由福贵讲述自己的一生：他年轻时赌光家业，从地主少爷变得一贫如洗；为母亲求医途中被国民党部队抓了壮丁，被解放军俘虏后回到家中，女儿已经变成哑巴；此后妻子、儿子、女儿、外孙又因各种意外相继离世。他经历一生的苦难，仍乐观地活着[^online]。\n\n## 版本\n\n北京十月文艺出版社于2017年出版过该书[^online]。\n\n## 影响\n\n《活着》与《许三观卖血记》同时入选百位批评家和文学编辑评选的“九十年代最具有影响的十部作品”[^s3]。小说发表前，余华已将电影版权卖给导演张艺谋[^s1]；余华与芦苇据初刊本改编的同名电影于1994年出品[^s4]。",
      "url": "/works/douban-book-huo-zhe.html",
      "lang": "id",
      "fallback": true,
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh"
      ],
      "disambiguation": "余华长篇小说",
      "workKind": "book",
      "medium": "文字",
      "published": {
        "year": 1992,
        "precision": "year",
        "display": "1992年"
      },
      "language": "中文",
      "creators": [
        "余华"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "work_chiikawa_epos_card_designs",
      "type": "work",
      "title": "Desain dan keuntungan kartu Chiikawa Epos",
      "slug": "chiikawa-epos-card-designs",
      "summary": "Desain kartu, maskot penukaran poin, dan hadiah belanja tahunan kartu Chiikawa Epos.",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-brand-collaboration"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-chiikawa"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "s1",
          "title": "ちいかわ エポスカード",
          "author": "株式会社エポスカード",
          "url": "https://www.eposcard.co.jp/gecard/chiikawa/index.html"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-10-30T15:28:23+08:00",
      "updatedAt": "2026-10-30T17:04:38+08:00",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 39,
      "body": "Lini ini terdiri atas desain kartu, maskot penukaran poin, dan hadiah belanja tahunan. Desain terus ditambah sejak 2021; poin dapat ditukar dengan maskot Okaimono Kentei; sejak 16 Februari 2026 belanja 500 ribu yen memberi kartu logam dan 1 juta yen memberi boneka beretui.\n\nLihat juga：[[organization_epos_card|Epos Card]]、[[event_chiikawa_epos_card|Peluncuran kartu Chiikawa Epos]]、[[work_chiikawa|Chiikawa]] \u003c!-- see-also --\u003e",
      "url": "/works/chiikawa-epos-card-designs.html",
      "lang": "id",
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh",
        "ar",
        "de",
        "en",
        "es",
        "fr",
        "hi",
        "id",
        "it",
        "ja",
        "ko",
        "ms",
        "nl",
        "pt",
        "ru",
        "th",
        "tr",
        "vi",
        "zh-hant"
      ],
      "workKind": "collaboration_product",
      "medium": "信用卡卡面、吉祥物、金属卡与卡套",
      "published": {
        "year": 2021,
        "month": 10,
        "day": 29,
        "precision": "day",
        "display": "2021年10月29日"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "work_chiikawa_happy_meal_toys",
      "type": "work",
      "title": "Mainan Chiikawa Happy Meal",
      "slug": "chiikawa-happy-meal-toys",
      "summary": "Mainan dan alat tulis Chiikawa di Happy Meal McDonald's Jepang: gelombang pertama 2023 dan delapan figuran pada 2025 serta 2026.",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-brand-collaboration"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-chiikawa"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "s1",
          "title": "ハッピーセット「SPY×FAMILY」「ちいかわ」9月1日から期間限定販売",
          "author": "日本マクドナルド株式会社",
          "date": "2023-08-25",
          "url": "https://www.mcdonalds.co.jp/company/news/2023/0825a/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s2",
          "title": "ハッピーセット「ちいかわ」5月15日より期間限定販売",
          "author": "日本マクドナルド株式会社",
          "date": "2026-05-08",
          "url": "https://www.mcdonalds.co.jp/company/news/2026/0508a/"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-10-30T15:02:24+08:00",
      "updatedAt": "2026-10-30T17:01:13+08:00",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 39,
      "body": "Gelombang pertama berupa set stiker dan buku mewarnai dengan karakter berseragam kru; lini 2025 dan 2026 beralih ke delapan figuran berpensil, dengan Chiikawa, Hachiware, dan Usagi berperan sebagai manajer, kurir, barista, dan penerima tamu.\n\nLihat juga：[[organization_mcdonalds_japan|McDonald's Jepang]]、[[event_chiikawa_happy_meal|Kolaborasi Chiikawa Happy Meal]]、[[work_chiikawa|Chiikawa]] \u003c!-- see-also --\u003e",
      "url": "/works/chiikawa-happy-meal-toys.html",
      "lang": "id",
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh",
        "ar",
        "de",
        "en",
        "es",
        "fr",
        "hi",
        "id",
        "it",
        "ja",
        "ko",
        "ms",
        "nl",
        "pt",
        "ru",
        "th",
        "tr",
        "vi",
        "zh-hant"
      ],
      "workKind": "collaboration_product",
      "medium": "玩具、文具",
      "published": {
        "year": 2023,
        "month": 9,
        "day": 1,
        "precision": "day",
        "display": "2023年9月1日"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "work_chiikawa_ichiban_kuji_prizes",
      "type": "work",
      "title": "Hadiah Ichiban Kuji Chiikawa",
      "slug": "chiikawa-ichiban-kuji-prizes",
      "summary": "Hadiah dari gelombang Ichiban Kuji Chiikawa: figuran adegan, perlengkapan penyimpanan, handuk, dan bantal hadiah terakhir.",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-brand-collaboration"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-chiikawa"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "s1",
          "title": "一番くじ倶楽部 BANDAI SPIRITS公式 一番くじ情報サイト",
          "author": "株式会社バンダイスピリッツ",
          "url": "https://1kuji.com/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s2",
          "title": "吉伊卡哇一番賞 2026 最新彈情報",
          "author": "goshoot",
          "date": "2026-08",
          "url": "https://goshoot.com.tw/article-chiikawa-ichiban-latest.html"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-10-30T15:28:51+08:00",
      "updatedAt": "2026-10-30T17:05:42+08:00",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 39,
      "body": "Hadiah dibagi dari A sampai H plus hadiah terakhir, dengan selusin hingga lebih dari dua puluh jenis per gelombang. Gelombang pemandian mencakup figuran penyimpanan pemandian, tempat pensil berpapan putar, dan bantal dua sisi 60 cm; gelombang ramen menonjolkan mangkuk, pengatur waktu, dan handuk.\n\nLihat juga：[[organization_bandai_spirits|Bandai Spirits]]、[[event_chiikawa_ichiban_kuji|Seri Ichiban Kuji Chiikawa]]、[[work_chiikawa|Chiikawa]] \u003c!-- see-also --\u003e",
      "url": "/works/chiikawa-ichiban-kuji-prizes.html",
      "lang": "id",
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh",
        "ar",
        "de",
        "en",
        "es",
        "fr",
        "hi",
        "id",
        "it",
        "ja",
        "ko",
        "ms",
        "nl",
        "pt",
        "ru",
        "th",
        "tr",
        "vi",
        "zh-hant"
      ],
      "workKind": "collaboration_product",
      "medium": "抽赏景品",
      "published": {
        "year": 2025,
        "month": 1,
        "day": 24,
        "precision": "day",
        "display": "2025年1月24日"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "work_chiikawa_kura_sushi_prizes",
      "type": "work",
      "title": "Hadiah dan peralatan Chiikawa × Kura Sushi",
      "slug": "chiikawa-kura-sushi-prizes",
      "summary": "Hadiah undian serta piring sushi dan cangkir orisinal dari kolaborasi Kura Sushi.",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-brand-collaboration"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-chiikawa"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "s1",
          "title": "くら寿司オリジナル!ちいかわデザインの寿司皿等が手に入る くら寿司×「ちいかわ」コラボキャンペーン",
          "author": "くら寿司株式会社",
          "date": "2025-06",
          "url": "https://www.kurasushi.co.jp/author/006533.html"
        },
        {
          "id": "s2",
          "title": "くら寿司 プレスリリース一覧",
          "author": "くら寿司株式会社",
          "url": "https://www.kurasushi.co.jp/author/"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-10-30T15:27:52+08:00",
      "updatedAt": "2026-10-30T17:03:36+08:00",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 39,
      "body": "Ada dua kelompok: figuran, magnet akrilik, dan pin dari undian Bikkura Pon, serta piring sushi dan cangkir yunomi orisinal sebagai bonus pembelian. Perlengkapannya berdesain Kura Sushi sendiri dan bonusnya terbatas.\n\nLihat juga：[[organization_kura_sushi|Kura Sushi]]、[[event_chiikawa_kura_sushi|Kampanye Chiikawa × Kura Sushi]]、[[work_chiikawa|Chiikawa]] \u003c!-- see-also --\u003e",
      "url": "/works/chiikawa-kura-sushi-prizes.html",
      "lang": "id",
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh",
        "ar",
        "de",
        "en",
        "es",
        "fr",
        "hi",
        "id",
        "it",
        "ja",
        "ko",
        "ms",
        "nl",
        "pt",
        "ru",
        "th",
        "tr",
        "vi",
        "zh-hant"
      ],
      "workKind": "collaboration_product",
      "medium": "景品公仔、磁贴、徽章、餐具",
      "published": {
        "year": 2025,
        "month": 6,
        "day": 27,
        "precision": "day",
        "display": "2025年6月27日"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "work_chiikawa_uniqlo_ut_collection",
      "type": "work",
      "title": "Koleksi UT film Chiikawa",
      "slug": "chiikawa-uniqlo-ut-collection",
      "summary": "Lini UT dan sweatshirt UNIQLO untuk film Chiikawa, tersedia sejak 17 Juli 2026.",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-brand-collaboration"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-chiikawa"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "s1",
          "title": "「全部ほしい!」【ユニクロ】ちいかわUTコレクションが7/17より発売",
          "author": "朝日新聞デジタルマガジン\u0026[and]",
          "date": "2026-07",
          "url": "https://www.asahi.com/and/w/article/16727218"
        },
        {
          "id": "s2",
          "title": "CHIIKAWA UT 商品页",
          "author": "UNIQLO",
          "url": "https://uniqlo.com/vn/en/products/E491211-000/00"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-10-30T15:02:51+08:00",
      "updatedAt": "2026-10-30T17:02:31+08:00",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 39,
      "body": "Ada delapan desain UT, empat wanita dan empat anak, dengan motif adegan film seperti perjalanan dengan perahu bebek dan teman-teman terjerat rumput laut, ditambah enam sweatshirt, tiga dan tiga, dirilis 24 Juli. Desainnya diawasi Nagano.\n\nLihat juga：[[organization_uniqlo|UNIQLO]]、[[event_chiikawa_uniqlo_ut|Kolaborasi Chiikawa UNIQLO UT]]、[[work_chiikawa|Chiikawa]] \u003c!-- see-also --\u003e",
      "url": "/works/chiikawa-uniqlo-ut-collection.html",
      "lang": "id",
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh",
        "ar",
        "de",
        "en",
        "es",
        "fr",
        "hi",
        "id",
        "it",
        "ja",
        "ko",
        "ms",
        "nl",
        "pt",
        "ru",
        "th",
        "tr",
        "vi",
        "zh-hant"
      ],
      "workKind": "collaboration_product",
      "medium": "印花 T 恤、卫衣",
      "published": {
        "year": 2026,
        "month": 7,
        "day": 17,
        "precision": "day",
        "display": "2026年7月17日"
      }
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    {
      "id": "work_chiikawa_x_sanrio_goods_2025",
      "type": "work",
      "title": "Produk Chiikawa x Sanrio Characters",
      "slug": "chiikawa-x-sanrio-goods-2025",
      "summary": "Lini 21 item bertema tukar kostum antara Chiikawa dan Sanrio Characters, dirilis 13 Juni 2025.",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-brand-collaboration"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-chiikawa"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "s1",
          "title": "「ちいかわ×サンリオキャラクターズ」をサンリオにて6月13日(金)発売",
          "author": "株式会社サンリオ",
          "date": "2025-05-27",
          "url": "https://corporate.sanrio.co.jp/news/assets/pdf/2025/20250527193655319s.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-10-30T15:01:55+08:00",
      "updatedAt": "2026-10-30T16:59:49+08:00",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 39,
      "body": "Boneka plush-nya bisa dilepas tudung karakter Sanrio-nya, ditambah gantungan maskot, pouch, tote bag, dan jepit rambut rahasia. Karakternya dirancang berpasangan, dengan kombinasi untuk karakter lain.\n\nLihat juga：[[organization_sanrio|Sanrio]]、[[event_chiikawa_x_sanrio_2025|Peluncuran Chiikawa x Sanrio Characters]]、[[work_chiikawa|Chiikawa]] \u003c!-- see-also --\u003e",
      "url": "/works/chiikawa-x-sanrio-goods-2025.html",
      "lang": "id",
      "availableLangs": [
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        "ar",
        "de",
        "en",
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        "pt",
        "ru",
        "th",
        "tr",
        "vi",
        "zh-hant"
      ],
      "workKind": "collaboration_product",
      "medium": "毛绒公仔、吊饰、包袋",
      "published": {
        "year": 2025,
        "month": 6,
        "day": 13,
        "precision": "day",
        "display": "2025年6月13日"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "work_gunpla",
      "type": "work",
      "title": "高达模型",
      "slug": "gunpla",
      "aliases": [
        "GUNPLA",
        "ガンプラ",
        "钢普拉",
        "高达塑料模型"
      ],
      "summary": "高达模型（GUNPLA、ガンプラ）是万代集团自1980年7月起发售的高达系列塑料拼装模型产品群，首款为1/144比例的「高达」，定价300日元，至2020年5月累计出货超过7亿个。",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-acg",
        "category-entertainment",
        "category-products"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-gundam"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "s1",
          "title": "ガンプラ - Wikipedia",
          "url": "https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AC%E3%83%B3%E3%83%97%E3%83%A9"
        },
        {
          "id": "s2",
          "title": "BANDAI HOBBY SITE（ガンプラ公式）",
          "url": "https://bandai-hobby.net/"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-10-30T18:30:00+08:00",
      "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T02:43:44+08:00",
      "updatedBy": "api_token",
      "revision": 2,
      "body": "「ガンプラ（GUNPLA，高达模型）」是「高达的塑料模型」的简称，广义指[[concept_gundam|高达]]系列中登场的机动战士、机动装甲与舰船等被模型化的全部产品。1980年7月19日，万代模型以「ベストメカコレクション」第4弹的形式发售1/144比例的「高达」，全高约12.5厘米、零件48件、定价300日元，成为第一款高达模型。初期销量平平，1981年起随重播与剧场版公开迅速升温，形成被称为「高达模型热潮」的社会现象；1981年日本塑料模型整体销售额增至上一年的约1.5倍。\n\n产品按系列与比例展开：1/144 的 HG（1990年登场）与 HGUC（1999年登场）、1/100 的 MG（1995年登场）、1/60 的 PG（1998年登场）、1/144 的 RG（2010年登场），以及面向入门者的 EG（2021年登场）等。1988年以后普遍采用免胶水的卡扣结构与多色成形（いろプラ），不涂装也能接近设定配色。\n\n开发与生产长期集中在静冈，2006年起以静冈市葵区的万代爱好中心为主要生产据点，产品标注「MADE IN JAPAN」。2019年4月累计种类超过2000种、出货超过5亿个；2020年5月发售40周年时累计出货突破7亿个（约4500种）。海外销售自2014年前后正式展开，2014年度出货约1100万个中约三成销往海外。\n\n「ガンプラ」曾为[[organization_sotsu|创通]]的注册商标，2026年4月1日起高达相关事业并入[[organization_bandai_namco_filmworks|万代南梦宫影像制作]]。制造与销售方随组织调整变化：1980年至2018年3月由[[organization_bandai|万代]]的模型事业部门负责，2018年4月1日该事业移交[[organization_bandai_spirits|万代魂]]（BANDAI SPIRITS）。",
      "url": "/works/gunpla.html",
      "lang": "id",
      "fallback": true,
      "availableLangs": [
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      ],
      "workKind": "plastic_model_series",
      "medium": "塑料拼装模型（プラモデル）",
      "published": {
        "year": 1980,
        "month": 7,
        "day": 19,
        "precision": "day",
        "display": "1980年7月19日"
      },
      "language": "ja",
      "creators": [
        "株式会社バンダイ模型（現・BANDAI SPIRITS 模型事业）"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "work_ichiban_kuji",
      "type": "work",
      "title": "一番くじ",
      "slug": "ichiban-kuji",
      "aliases": [
        "一番くじ",
        "Ichiban Kuji",
        "一番赏",
        "ICHIBAN KUJI"
      ],
      "summary": "一番くじ（一番赏）是BANDAI SPIRITS（万代魂）运营的无空奖角色抽奖商品品牌，2003年6月起在便利店销售，2018年4月1日随集团重组由Banpresto移交万代魂，设有「最后赏（ラストワン賞）」并衍生「一番くじプレミアム」「一番くじV」等系列。",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-acg",
        "category-entertainment",
        "category-products"
      ],
      "tags": [],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "s1",
          "title": "一番くじ - Wikipedia",
          "url": "https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E7%95%AA%E3%81%8F%E3%81%98"
        },
        {
          "id": "s2",
          "title": "一番くじ倶楽部 BANDAI SPIRITS公式 一番くじ情報サイト",
          "author": "株式会社BANDAI SPIRITS",
          "url": "https://1kuji.com/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s3",
          "title": "BANDAI SPIRITS - Wikipedia",
          "url": "https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/BANDAI_SPIRITS"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-10-31T00:40:00+08:00",
      "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T02:43:44+08:00",
      "updatedBy": "api_token",
      "revision": 2,
      "body": "「一番くじ」是在便利店、书店与 namco 门店等渠道销售的角色抽奖（キャラクターくじ），特点是无空奖：每抽必得一件商品，并为最后一张奖券的购买者设置「最后赏（ラストワン賞）」。取扱作品以日本动画与游戏为主，也包括迪士尼相关作品、奇幻角色与实拍电影作品。\n\n品牌始于1996年11月，最早以「とるとるキャッチャー一番くじ」的风力抽奖形式出现；2003年6月起以现行形式在便利店销售，最初由万代南梦宫集团的子公司 Banpresto（バンプレスト）运营。2018年4月1日集团重组后，该事业移交[[organization_bandai_spirits|万代魂]]，现由其抽奖创新事业部（ロト・イノベーション事業部）运营，商品与促销物改用该公司的蓝色万代标志。「一番くじ」的名称与字体为万代魂的注册商标。\n\n品牌另有「一番くじプレミアム」「一番くじV」等衍生系列。2022年8月，运营方公布一番くじ官方商店大阪日本桥店长期将旧套组剩余奖券混入新套组销售、未提供应给的最后赏，并关闭该店铺。",
      "url": "/works/ichiban-kuji.html",
      "lang": "id",
      "fallback": true,
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh"
      ],
      "workKind": "lottery_product",
      "medium": "角色抽奖商品（キャラクターくじ）",
      "published": {
        "year": 2003,
        "month": 6,
        "precision": "month",
        "display": "2003年6月"
      },
      "language": "ja",
      "creators": [
        "バンプレスト（現・BANDAI SPIRITS ロト・イノベーション事業部）"
      ]
    }
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