{ "contentStorage": "postgres", "namePrimary": { "person_cn_q1074409": true, "person_cn_q1226371": true, "person_cn_q1325642": true, "person_cn_q21040369": true, "person_cn_q470072": true, "person_cn_q703372": true }, "title": "Persone", "url": "/it/people-115.html", "entities": [ { "id": "person_cn_q17790", "type": "person", "title": "康熙帝", "slug": "kangxi-emperor", "aliases": [ "Kangxi Emperor" ], "previousSlugs": [ "kangxi-emperor-q17790" ], "summary": "康熙帝（1654年5月4日—1722年12月20日），清朝第3位皇帝。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q17790", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17790" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "康熙帝（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BA%B7%E7%86%99%E5%B8%9D" }, { "id": "zhengshi", "title": "清史稿/卷6（维基文库）", "url": "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B76" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T10:37:06+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 7, "body": "## 生平\n\n康熙帝（1654年5月4日—1722年12月20日），名玄烨，[[person_cn_q310453|顺治帝]]第三子，生母为[[person_cn_q1036431|孝康章皇后]]佟佳氏。[^zhwiki]顺治十八年（1661年）顺治帝驾崩，临终立玄烨为储君；玄烨幼时曾出天花而幸存、具有免疫力，这也是他被选中的原因之一。玄烨即位时年仅八岁，由索尼、苏克萨哈、遏必隆、鳌拜四大臣辅政。[^zhengshi][^zhwiki]康熙八年（1669年），康熙帝设计擒拿专权的鳌拜，开始亲政。[^zhwiki]\n\n亲政后，康熙帝先后平定三藩之乱，派兵收复被明郑占据的台湾，与沙俄签订《尼布楚条约》确定黑龙江流域边界，并三度亲征平定准噶尔部噶尔丹的叛乱；晚年在西藏驱逐准噶尔势力，使西藏正式纳入版图。康熙六十一年十一月十三日（1722年12月20日），康熙帝崩于畅春园，庙号圣祖，葬[[place_hist_q306978|清东陵]]景陵，在位六十一年，是中国历史上在位时间最长的皇帝。[^zhengshi][^zhwiki]\n\n## 历史成就\n\n康熙帝在位期间推行轻徭薄赋、与民休息的政策，整顿吏治，六次南巡并亲自督察黄河、永定河河工；他尊崇儒学，开博学鸿儒科笼络汉族士大夫，主持编修《明史》，组织编纂《康熙字典》《古今图书集成》等大型典籍；又以多伦会盟等方式联络蒙古各部，册封班禅，确立了巩固边疆的统治方针，并重用传教士学习西方科学。其统治使清朝出现相对稳定的局面，为此后百余年的“康乾盛世”奠定基础。[^zhwiki]另一方面，康熙晚年倦于政务、标榜宽纵，致使吏治废弛、贪污与国库亏空问题滋生，皇太子两立两废引发的夺嫡之争也对清朝政治产生不良影响。[^zhwiki]\n\n## 正史记载\n\n正史传记见《清史稿/卷6》[^zhengshi]。\n\n## 基本信息\n\n- 简介：清朝第3位皇帝[^wikidata]\n- 所属朝代或国家：清朝[^wikidata]\n- 出生地：[[place_beijing|北京市]][^wikidata]", "url": "/people/kangxi-emperor.html", "lang": "it", "sourceLang": "zh", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "birth": { "year": 1654, "month": 5, "day": 4, "display": "1654年5月4日" }, "death": { "year": 1722, "month": 12, "day": 20, "display": "1722年12月20日" }, "occupations": [ "书法家" ], "nativePlace": "北京市", "personCategory": "历史人物" }, { "id": "person_cn_q1036431", "type": "person", "title": "孝康章皇后", "slug": "empress-xiaokangzhang", "aliases": [ "佟佳氏", "佟妃", "慈和皇太后", "Empress Xiaokangzhang" ], "summary": "孝康章皇后佟佳氏是清世祖顺治帝嫔妃、圣祖康熙帝生母，康熙朝尊为皇太后，葬清孝陵。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q1036431", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1036431", "locator": "P569 生年；P570 卒年；P26 顺治帝；P40 康熙帝" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "孝康章皇后（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AD%9D%E5%BA%B7%E7%AB%A0%E7%9A%87%E5%90%8E" }, { "id": "zhengshi", "title": "清史稿/卷214（维基文库）", "url": "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7214", "locator": "列传一·孝康章皇后" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-01T10:40:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T10:36:41+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 1, "body": "**孝康章皇后**（佟佳氏，1640年12月31日—1663年3月20日）是清朝[[person_cn_q310453|顺治帝]]嫔妃、[[person_cn_q17790|康熙帝]]生母。[^zhengshi][^zhwiki]\n\n## 生平\n\n佟佳氏为佟图赖之女，初入宫为世祖妃。顺治十一年三月戊申（1654年5月4日）生皇三子玄烨。[^zhengshi]顺治十八年世祖崩，玄烨即位；康熙元年尊为皇太后，徽号慈和。[^zhengshi][^zhwiki]\n\n康熙二年二月庚戌（1663年3月20日）崩于北京紫禁城，年二十四。[^zhengshi][^wikidata]及崩，葬[[place_hist_q24841407|清孝陵]]；累加谥，曰孝康慈和庄懿恭惠温穆端靖崇天育圣章皇后。[^zhengshi]康熙帝命其家佟氏改佟佳氏、入满洲，后族抬旗自此始。[^zhengshi]\n\n## 亲属\n\n子一：圣祖[[person_cn_q17790|康熙帝]]。夫：世祖[[person_cn_q310453|顺治帝]]。葬地：[[place_hist_q306978|清东陵]]内[[place_hist_q24841407|清孝陵]]。[^zhengshi][^zhwiki]", "url": "/people/empress-xiaokangzhang.html", "lang": "it", "sourceLang": "zh", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh" ], "birth": { "year": 1640, "month": 12, "day": 31, "display": "1640年12月31日" }, "death": { "year": 1663, "month": 3, "day": 20, "display": "1663年3月20日" }, "occupations": [ "后妃" ], "personCategory": "历史人物" }, { "id": "person_cn_q9738", "type": "person", "title": "武则天", "slug": "wu-zetian", "aliases": [ "Wu Zetian", "武曌" ], "previousSlugs": [ "wu-zetian-q9738" ], "summary": "武则天（武曌）参与唐高宗朝政，690年建立武周并称帝。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q9738", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9738" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "武则天（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AD%A6%E5%88%99%E5%A4%A9" }, { "id": "zhengshi", "title": "新唐书/卷004（维基文库）", "url": "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%94%90%E6%9B%B8/%E5%8D%B7004", "locator": "本纪第四：入宫、为后与参政；改国号周；神龙元年复位及十一月崩" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T09:13:31+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 5, "body": "**武则天（武曌）**是中国唐代的政治人物，参与唐高宗朝政，后建立武周并称帝[^zhengshi]。\n\n## 生平\n\n《新唐书》记载，武氏出身并州文水武家，十四岁入宫为唐太宗才人。太宗去世后，她入感业寺为尼；唐高宗召她回宫，并于永徽六年（655年）立为皇后[^zhengshi]。\n\n高宗显庆以后患病，曾令她处理百司奏事；此后她参与朝政。高宗去世后，武氏以皇太后身份临朝称制[^zhengshi]。\n\n690年，她改国号为周并称帝。705年，唐中宗复位后，她迁居上阳宫，同年十一月去世，谥为大圣则天皇后[^zhengshi]。", "url": "/people/wu-zetian.html", "lang": "it", "sourceLang": "zh", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "birth": { "year": 624, "display": "624年" }, "death": { "year": 705, "display": "705年" }, "occupations": [ "诗人", "皇后", "女皇帝" ], "personCategory": "历史人物" }, { "id": "person_nobel_262", "type": "person", "title": "赫伯特·豪普特曼", "slug": "herbert-a-hauptman", "aliases": [ "Herbert A. Hauptman" ], "summary": "赫伯特·豪普特曼（Herbert A. Hauptman，1917年2月14日—2011年10月23日）是1985 年诺贝尔化学奖得主之一。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-awards", "category-people" ], "tags": [ "tag-nobel-prize" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Herbert A. Hauptman – Facts", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1985/hauptman/facts/" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1985", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1985/summary/" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-01T03:38:01+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T08:59:01+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 4, "body": "**赫伯特·豪普特曼**（Herbert A. Hauptman，1917年2月14日—2011年10月23日）出生于美国纽约，2011年10月23日在布法罗去世[^s1]。\n\n## 获奖\n\n豪普特曼与杰罗姆·卡尔共同获得[[work_nobel_prize_1985|1985年诺贝尔化学奖]]，以表彰他们在发展测定晶体结构的直接法方面作出的杰出贡献[^s2]。获奖时，豪普特曼任职于布法罗医学基金会（The Medical Foundation of Buffalo）[^s1]。", "url": "/people/herbert-a-hauptman.html", "lang": "it", "sourceLang": "zh", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh" ], "birth": { "year": 1917, "month": 2, "day": 14, "precision": "day", "display": "1917年2月14日" }, "death": { "year": 2011, "month": 10, "day": 23, "precision": "day", "display": "2011年10月23日" } }, { "id": "person_nobel_79", "type": "person", "title": "玛丽亚·格佩特-梅耶", "slug": "maria-goeppert-mayer", "aliases": [ "Maria Goeppert Mayer" ], "summary": "玛丽亚·格佩特-梅耶（Maria Goeppert Mayer，1906—1972）是1963年诺贝尔物理学奖得主之一。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-awards", "category-people" ], "tags": [ "tag-nobel-prize" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Maria Goeppert Mayer – Facts", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1963/mayer/facts/" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1963", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1963/summary/" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-01T03:38:01+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T08:45:50+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 4, "body": "**玛丽亚·格佩特-梅耶**（Maria Goeppert Mayer，1906年6月28日—1972年2月20日）出生于卡托维兹，逝于圣迭戈[^s1]。\n\n1963年，她与 J. Hans D. Jensen、Eugene P. Wigner 共同获得诺贝尔物理学奖，获奖理由为“for their discoveries concerning nuclear shell structure”[^s1]。获奖时，她任职于加利福尼亚大学[^s1]。\n\n参见：[[work_nobel_prize_1963|1963年诺贝尔奖]]、[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]", "url": "/people/maria-goeppert-mayer.html", "lang": "it", "sourceLang": "zh", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh" ], "birth": { "year": 1906, "month": 6, "day": 28, "precision": "day", "display": "1906年6月28日" }, "death": { "year": 1972, "month": 2, "day": 20, "precision": "day", "display": "1972年2月20日" } }, { "id": "person_nobel_890", "type": "person", "title": "迈克尔·莱维特", "slug": "michael-levitt", "aliases": [ "Michael Levitt" ], "summary": "迈克尔·莱维特（Michael Levitt，生于1947年5月9日）是2013年诺贝尔化学奖得主之一。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-awards", "category-people" ], "tags": [ "tag-nobel-prize" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Michael Levitt – Facts", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2013/levitt/facts/" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2013", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2013/summary/" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-01T03:38:01+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T08:41:23+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 4, "body": "**迈克尔·莱维特**（Michael Levitt，生于1947年5月9日）出生于南非比勒陀利亚[^s1]。\n\n2013年，莱维特与马丁·卡普拉斯、阿里耶·瓦谢尔共同获得诺贝尔化学奖，获奖理由为“for the development of multiscale models for complex chemical systems”[^s1]。获奖时，他任职于斯坦福大学医学院[^s1]。\n\n参见：[[work_nobel_prize_2013|2013年诺贝尔奖]]、[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]", "url": "/people/michael-levitt.html", "lang": "it", "sourceLang": "zh", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh" ], "birth": { "year": 1947, "month": 5, "day": 9, "precision": "day", "display": "1947年5月9日" } }, { "id": "person_nobel_418", "type": "person", "title": "高弗雷·豪斯费尔德", "slug": "godfrey-n-hounsfield", "aliases": [ "Godfrey N. Hounsfield" ], "summary": "高弗雷·豪斯费尔德是英国工程师，因开发计算机辅助断层扫描技术获1979年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-awards", "category-people" ], "tags": [ "tag-nobel-prize" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Godfrey N. Hounsfield – Facts", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1979/hounsfield/facts/" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1979", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1979/summary/" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-01T03:38:01+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T08:39:36+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 4, "body": "**高弗雷·豪斯费尔德**（Godfrey N. Hounsfield，1919年8月28日—2004年8月12日）是英国工程师，生于特伦特河畔纽瓦克，逝于泰晤士河畔金斯顿[^s1]。\n\n1979年，豪斯费尔德与艾伦·科马克共同获诺贝尔生理学或医学奖，获奖理由为“for the development of computer assisted tomography”[^s1]。获奖时，豪斯费尔德任职于伦敦的Central Research Laboratories, EMI[^s1]。\n\n参见：[[work_nobel_prize_1979|1979年诺贝尔奖]]、[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]", "url": "/people/godfrey-n-hounsfield.html", "lang": "it", "sourceLang": "zh", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh" ], "birth": { "year": 1919, "month": 8, "day": 28, "precision": "day", "display": "1919年8月28日" }, "death": { "year": 2004, "month": 8, "day": 12, "precision": "day", "display": "2004年8月12日" } }, { "id": "person_cn_q1045659", "type": "person", "title": "贾华", "slug": "jia-hua", "aliases": [ "Jia Hua" ], "previousSlugs": [ "jia-hua-q1045659" ], "summary": "贾华是《三国演义》里孙权的部将。合肥之战他和宋谦保护孙权。甘露寺一回，他带三百人埋伏，准备刺杀刘备，吴国太下令处斩，刘备求情后得免。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-literature", "category-people", "category-fictional-characters" ], "tags": [ "tag-fictional-character", "tag-classics", "tag-four-great-classics" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q1045659", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1045659" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "贾华 (三国演义)（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B4%BE%E5%8D%8E_(%E4%B8%89%E5%9B%BD%E6%BC%94%E4%B9%89)" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T08:05:59+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 9, "body": "**贾华**是《三国演义》中的虚构人物，为孙权部将[^wikidata][^zhwiki]。\n\n## 合肥\n\n孙权与曹操在合肥交战时，贾华和宋谦持戟护卫孙权。曹操部将乐进进攻孙权时，二人迎战并将其击退；宋谦追击时被李典射杀[^zhwiki]。\n\n## 甘露寺\n\n刘备前往东吴迎娶孙权之妹孙夫人。孙权与吕范安排贾华率兵埋伏，准备刺杀刘备；赵云发现伏兵并告知刘备。吴国太得知此事后大怒，孙权与吕范将责任推给贾华。吴国太命孙权处斩贾华，刘备为其求情后，贾华获赦[^zhwiki]。\n\n## 戏曲形象\n\n京剧《甘露寺》中也有贾华这一角色，由丑角扮演[^zhwiki]。", "url": "/people/jia-hua.html", "lang": "it", "sourceLang": "zh", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "occupations": [ "武将" ], "disambiguation": "《三国演义》人物", "isFictional": true, "personCategory": "文学人物" }, { "id": "person_cn_q470072", "type": "person", "title": "帝辛", "slug": "king-zhou-shang", "aliases": [ "受", "商纣王", "纣王", "King Zhou of Shang" ], "summary": "帝辛（名受）是商朝末代君主，后世常称商纣王。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "帝辛", "author": "维基百科贡献者", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B8%9D%E8%BE%9B" }, { "id": "enwiki", "title": "Di Xin", "author": "Wikipedia contributors", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Di_Xin" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T07:45:06+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 8, "body": "**帝辛**（名受，后世常称商纣王）是商朝末代君主。关于他的生平，传世叙述多出自后世文献，现有考古材料不足以完整复原其个人经历[^zhwiki][^enwiki]。\n\n## 商朝灭亡\n\n传世文献记载，周武王率军伐商，在牧野之战击败商军，商朝随之灭亡。帝辛之死及战事细节主要见于后世叙述[^zhwiki][^enwiki]。\n\n## 后世形象\n\n“纣”是周人对帝辛的贬称。后世文献逐渐将他塑造成暴君形象；明代小说《封神演义》中的帝辛则是文学塑造，见[[person_cn_q131913146|《封神演义》中的帝辛]][^zhwiki][^enwiki]。", "url": "/people/king-zhou-shang.html", "lang": "it", "sourceLang": "zh", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "death": { "year": -1046, "precision": "year", "qualifier": "约", "display": "约公元前1046年" }, "occupations": [ "政治人物" ], "personCategory": "历史人物" }, { "id": "person_cn_q17033073", "type": "person", "title": "Lu Qian", "slug": "lu-qian", "previousSlugs": [ "lu-qian-q17033073" ], "summary": "Lu Qian è un personaggio immaginario de *I briganti*, opera ambientata durante la Grande dinastia Song.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-literature", "category-people", "category-fictional-characters" ], "tags": [ "tag-fictional-character", "tag-classics", "tag-four-great-classics" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q17033073", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17033073" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "陆谦（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%99%86%E8%B0%A6" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-30T10:46:21+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-30T10:47:17+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 40, "body": "## Dati essenziali\n\n- Descrizione: personaggio de *I briganti*[^wikidata]\n- Dinastia o Stato dell’ambientazione: Grande Song[^wikidata]\n\n## Opera in cui compare\n\n- [[work_cn_q70827|*I briganti*]]", "url": "/people/lu-qian.html", "lang": "it", "sourceLang": "zh", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "ar", "de", "en", "es", "fr", "hi", "id", "it", "ja", "ko", "ms", "nl", "pt", "ru", "th", "tr", "vi", "zh-hant" ], "disambiguation": "Personaggio de *I briganti*", "isFictional": true, "personCategory": "personaggio letterario" }, { "id": "person_cn_q19796", "type": "person", "title": "蔡元培", "slug": "cai-yuanpei", "aliases": [ "Cai Yuanpei" ], "previousSlugs": [ "cai-yuanpei-q19796" ], "summary": "蔡元培是中国近代教育家，曾任北京大学校长和中央研究院院长。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q19796", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19796" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "蔡元培（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%94%A1%E5%85%83%E5%9F%B9" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T06:52:47+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 8, "body": "**蔡元培**是中国近代教育家，曾任北京大学校长和中央研究院院长。[^zhwiki]\n\n## 生平\n\n蔡元培字鹤卿、号孑民，浙江绍兴人。25岁中进士，入翰林院任职。戊戌变法后，他辞官投身新式教育，先后主持绍郡中西学堂等学校。1902年，他在上海发起中国教育会，创办爱国女学与爱国学社；1904年创办光复会，次年加入同盟会。1907年赴德国留学，研究哲学、美学、心理学与民族学。[^zhwiki]\n\n1912年，蔡元培出任南京临时政府教育总长，参与制定民国初年的教育方针。1916年底，他出任北京大学校长，推行“思想自由，兼容并包”的办学方针并改革校务。1928年中央研究院成立后，他出任首任院长。[^zhwiki]\n\n## 教育理念\n\n蔡元培倡导军国民教育、实利主义教育、公民道德教育、世界观教育与美感教育并举，并提倡美育、男女同校与平民教育。[^zhwiki]", "url": "/people/cai-yuanpei.html", "lang": "it", "sourceLang": "zh", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "birth": { "year": 1868, "month": 1, "day": 11, "display": "1868年1月11日" }, "death": { "year": 1940, "month": 3, "day": 5, "display": "1940年3月5日" }, "occupations": [ "政治人物", "世界语者", "教育家", "大学教师" ], "nativePlace": "紹興市", "personCategory": "历史人物" }, { "id": "person_cn_q1074409", "type": "person", "title": "司马朗", "slug": "sima-lang", "aliases": [ "Sima Lang" ], "previousSlugs": [ "sima-lang-q1074409" ], "summary": "司马朗，字伯达，是东汉末年曹操麾下官员、司马懿之兄，曾任兖州刺史。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q1074409", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074409" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "司马朗（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%B8%E9%A6%AC%E6%9C%97" }, { "id": "zhengshi", "title": "三国志·卷15（维基文库）", "url": "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%9C%8B%E5%BF%97/%E5%8D%B715" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T06:49:08+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 9, "body": "**司马朗**（字伯达）是东汉末年曹操麾下官员、司马防长子，也是司马懿的兄长。[^zhengshi]\n\n## 经历\n\n司马朗九岁时以言辞得体受到称许，十二岁通过经学考试。关东兵乱期间，他劝前冀州刺史李邵不要迁居；董卓挟持朝廷迁往长安后，他获准返乡，并劝乡人避乱。家乡发生饥荒时，他抚恤宗族、教导诸弟。[^zhengshi]\n\n曹操征辟司马朗为司空掾属，此后他历任成皋令、堂阳长、元城令和丞相主簿，升任兖州刺史。他曾建议州郡置兵并恢复井田制，这些主张未获施行；任兖州刺史期间，他以宽惠治政。[^zhengshi]\n\n建安二十二年（217年）征吴时，军中发生疫病。司马朗巡视病者并供给医药，自己染病去世。[^zhengshi]\n\n## 后世形象\n\n《三国演义》中的同名人物见[[person_cn_q124155359|司马朗（《三国演义》人物）]]。", "url": "/people/sima-lang.html", "lang": "it", "sourceLang": "zh", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "birth": { "year": 171, "display": "171年" }, "death": { "year": 217, "display": "217年" }, "occupations": [ "政治人物" ], "personCategory": "历史人物" }, { "id": "person_cn_q1226371", "type": "person", "title": "丁原", "slug": "ding-yuan", "aliases": [ "Ding Yuan" ], "previousSlugs": [ "ding-yuan-q1226371" ], "summary": "丁原是东汉末年的官员和将领，曾任并州刺史、执金吾并统率并州军。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q1226371", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1226371" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "丁原（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%81%E5%8E%9F" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T06:45:26+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 9, "body": "**丁原**是东汉末年的官员和将领，曾任并州刺史、执金吾并统率并州军。[^zhwiki]\n\n## 生平\n\n丁原早年任县吏。中平五年（188年），他接任并州刺史，随后历任骑都尉、武猛都尉，驻军河内。中平六年（189年），汉灵帝去世后，他应大将军何进之召率兵进入洛阳，后改任执金吾。何进遇害、董卓控制朝政后，吕布受董卓诱使杀害丁原，其部众被董卓兼并。[^zhwiki]\n\n## 后世形象\n\n《三国演义》中的同名人物见[[person_cn_q123596928|丁原（《三国演义》人物）]]。", "url": "/people/ding-yuan.html", "lang": "it", "sourceLang": "zh", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "death": { "year": 189, "display": "189年" }, "occupations": [ "政治人物" ], "personCategory": "历史人物" }, { "id": "person_cn_q1207671", "type": "person", "title": "曾子", "slug": "zengzi", "aliases": [ "Zengzi" ], "previousSlugs": [ "zengzi-q1207671" ], "summary": "曾子（名参，字子舆）是春秋末期鲁国人、孔子弟子，后世儒家尊称其为“宗圣”。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q1207671", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207671" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "曾子（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9B%BE%E5%AD%90" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T06:12:22+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 8, "body": "## 生平\n\n曾子名参，字子舆，春秋末期鲁国人，是孔子的弟子。关于他的生卒年份，现有来源记载不一：Wikidata 记为公元前503年至前434年，中文维基百科正文则记为前505年至前432年；因此本条不将具体年份列为确定信息。[^wikidata] [^zhwiki]\n\n## 思想与影响\n\n曾子以“吾日三省吾身”等修身主张闻名。后世儒家传统尊称他为“宗圣”；《大学》等经典也常与曾子联系起来。[^zhwiki]\n\n## 相关作品\n\n- [[work_cn_q1069886|《大学》]]", "url": "/people/zengzi.html", "lang": "it", "sourceLang": "zh", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "occupations": [ "作家", "哲学家" ], "nativePlace": "中國", "personCategory": "历史人物" }, { "id": "person_hnlib_23586e317453", "type": "person", "title": "弗洛伦斯·威廉姆斯", "slug": "florence-williams", "aliases": [ "Florence Williams", "威廉姆斯（Florence Williams）" ], "previousSlugs": [ "hnlib-author-wei-lian-mu-si-f-l-o-r-e-n-c-e-w-i-l-l-i-a-m-s" ], "summary": "弗洛伦斯·威廉姆斯是关注环境与健康议题的科学记者和作家，著有《自然修复》等作品。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-literature", "category-people" ], "tags": [], "sources": [ { "id": "official-bio", "title": "About Florence", "author": "Florence Williams", "url": "https://florencewilliams.com/about/" }, { "id": "hnlib-1953", "title": "自然修复：为什么自然使人更快乐、更健康、更有趣", "author": "海宁市图书馆", "date": "2024", "url": "https://reader.hnlib.com/Recommend/Detail/1953", "locator": "作者署名、出版日期" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-01T03:34:33+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T05:59:55+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 3, "body": "**弗洛伦斯·威廉姆斯**（Florence Williams）是科学记者和作家，关注环境与人类健康的关系，曾为《纽约时报》《大西洋月刊》《国家地理》等媒体撰稿，并任《Outside》特约编辑[^official-bio]。她著有《自然修复》（*The Nature Fix*, 2017）；《乳房：自然与非自然史》（*Breasts: A Natural and Unnatural History*, 2012）获《洛杉矶时报》科学与技术图书奖及2013年Audie一般非虚构类奖[^official-bio]。海宁市图书馆所藏《自然修复》中译本于2024年出版，书目署名Florence Williams[^hnlib-1953]。", "url": "/people/florence-williams.html", "lang": "it", "sourceLang": "zh", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh" ], "occupations": [ "作者" ], "personCategory": "作者" }, { "id": "person_nobel_269", "type": "person", "title": "查尔斯·佩德森", "slug": "charles-j-pedersen", "aliases": [ "Charles J. Pedersen" ], "summary": "查尔斯·佩德森（Charles J. Pedersen）是研究配位化学与冠醚的化学家，1987年与唐纳德·克拉姆、让-马里·莱恩共同获得诺贝尔化学奖。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-awards", "category-people" ], "tags": [ "tag-nobel-prize" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Charles J. Pedersen – Facts", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1987/pedersen/facts/", "locator": "Born and died dates, birth and death places, affiliation at the time of the award, and prize motivation." }, { "id": "s2", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1987", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1987/summary/", "locator": "Laureates and official prize motivation." }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Charles J. Pedersen – Biographical", "author": "Charles J. Pedersen", "date": "1988", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1987/pedersen/biographical/", "locator": "From Les Prix Nobel. The Nobel Prizes 1987, edited by Wilhelm Odelberg, Nobel Foundation, Stockholm, 1988; education and career narrative." } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-01T03:38:01+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T05:51:41+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 7, "body": "**查尔斯·J·佩德森**（Charles J. Pedersen）是研究配位化学与冠醚的化学家，与唐纳德·克拉姆、让-马里·莱恩共同获得1987年诺贝尔化学奖；官方授奖理由为“发展和使用具有结构特异性、高度选择性相互作用的分子”。[^s2]\n\n佩德森出生于釜山（诺贝尔基金会原文写作 Pusan, Korea，今属韩国），后来定居美国新泽西州塞勒姆，并在那里去世。他先后在日本长崎和横滨求学，之后赴美国，在代顿大学取得化学工程学士学位，并在麻省理工学院取得有机化学硕士学位。获奖时，他任职于位于特拉华州威尔明顿的杜邦公司。[^s1][^s3]\n\n## 科研生涯\n\n1927年，佩德森进入杜邦公司，整个化学家生涯都在那里度过，1969年退休。早期研究涉及石油产品中的金属去活剂，以及石油产品和橡胶的氧化劣化；后来他也研究聚合物。1960年，他重返配位化学研究，在一次实验中意外得到少量未知白色晶体，随后鉴定为二苯并-18-冠-6（dibenzo-18-crown-6），即首个被发现的冠醚。此后他将职业生涯最后九年用于冠醚研究。[^s3]\n\n该年度化学奖得主名单见[[work_nobel_prize_1987|1987年诺贝尔奖]]。\n\n[^s1]: The Nobel Foundation, “Charles J. Pedersen – Facts”，出生、逝世、获奖时所属机构及授奖理由。\n[^s2]: The Nobel Foundation, “The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1987”，得主名单与官方授奖理由。\n[^s3]: Charles J. Pedersen, “Biographical,” 收录于 The Nobel Prizes 1987（Nobel Foundation，1988），教育及职业经历。", "url": "/people/charles-j-pedersen.html", "lang": "it", "sourceLang": "zh", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "birth": { "year": 1904, "month": 10, "day": 3, "precision": "day", "display": "1904年10月3日" }, "death": { "year": 1989, "month": 10, "day": 26, "precision": "day", "display": "1989年10月26日" } }, { "id": "person_cn_q855467", "type": "person", "title": "王汗", "slug": "ong-khan", "aliases": [ "Ong Khan" ], "previousSlugs": [ "ong-khan-q855467" ], "summary": "王汗（脱里）是12世纪末至13世纪初蒙古高原克烈部的统治者，曾与铁木真结盟，后与其交战。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q855467", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q855467" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "王汗（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E6%B1%97" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T05:45:13+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 8, "body": "**王汗**（脱里，蒙古语：Tooril）是12世纪末至13世纪初蒙古高原克烈部的统治者，曾与铁木真结盟，后来双方反目[^zhwiki]。\n\n## 政治生涯\n\n王汗曾与铁木真联兵对抗其他蒙古高原部族。1196年，他协助金朝军队击败塔塔儿部，获金朝册封。此后，他一度失势并在铁木真帮助下恢复权位[^zhwiki]。\n\n1203年，王汗与铁木真交战败亡，克烈部众随后被并入蒙古部[^zhwiki]。", "url": "/people/ong-khan.html", "lang": "it", "sourceLang": "zh", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "death": { "year": 1203, "display": "1203年" }, "occupations": [ "可汗" ], "nativePlace": "蒙古國", "personCategory": "历史人物" }, { "id": "person_cn_q9790", "type": "person", "title": "唐文宗", "slug": "emperor-wenzong-tang", "aliases": [ "Emperor Wenzong of Tang" ], "previousSlugs": [ "emperor-wenzong-tang-q9790" ], "summary": "唐文宗李昂（809年—840年）是唐朝皇帝，在位期间朝廷与宦官集团的权力冲突加剧。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q9790", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9790" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "唐文宗（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%94%90%E6%96%87%E5%AE%97" }, { "id": "zhengshi", "title": "新唐书·卷008（维基文库）", "url": "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%94%90%E6%9B%B8/%E5%8D%B7008" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T05:41:18+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 8, "body": "**唐文宗李昂**（809年—840年）是唐朝皇帝，826年继位，在位至840年[^zhengshi]。\n\n## 即位与朝政\n\n李昂初名李涵，是唐穆宗次子、唐敬宗之弟，初封江王。敬宗去世后，朝廷发生拥立与军事冲突，李涵即位后改名李昂。即位初年，他遣放宫女并裁减官员，试图整顿朝政[^zhwiki]。\n\n## 甘露之变\n\n831年，李昂与宰相宋申锡谋划削弱宦官势力，计划泄露后宋申锡获罪。此后李昂任用李训、郑注并借机削弱宦官王守澄的势力。835年，李训等人借“甘露”事件策划诛杀宦官，计划失败，史称甘露之变；宦官随后大规模清洗朝臣，李训及多名宰相被杀[^zhengshi][^zhwiki]。\n\n此后文宗受制于宦官。840年去世后，宦官废黜其所立太子李成美，拥立李炎为帝[^zhengshi]。", "url": "/people/emperor-wenzong-tang.html", "lang": "it", "sourceLang": "zh", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "birth": { "year": 809, "display": "809年" }, "death": { "year": 840, "display": "840年" }, "nativePlace": "长安", "personCategory": "历史人物" }, { "id": "person_cn_q369608", "type": "person", "title": "齐白石", "slug": "qi-baishi", "aliases": [ "Qi Baishi" ], "previousSlugs": [ "qi-baishi-q369608" ], "summary": "齐白石是中国近现代画家、书法家、篆刻家和诗人，以花鸟、草虫及篆刻作品著称。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q369608", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q369608" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "齐白石（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BD%90%E7%99%BD%E7%9F%B3" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T05:23:10+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 8, "body": "**齐白石**（原名纯芝，后名璜，号白石山人）是中国近现代画家、书法家、篆刻家和诗人，籍贯湖南湘潭。[^zhwiki][^wikidata]\n\n## 生平\n\n齐白石出身农民家庭，自幼体弱，曾入蒙馆半年后辍学务农；十四岁起做木匠并学习雕花，后来兼习绘画，师从胡沁园、陈少蕃等人，学习诗、书、画、印。三十五岁拜王湘绮为师。四十岁后多次远游，画风逐渐由工笔转向写意。1917年起定居北京卖画刻印，经陈师曾赏识与提携后声名渐起。此后曾任北平艺专等校教授；1949年后任中央美术学院名誉教授，1953年当选中国美术家协会主席，1956年获世界和平理事会国际和平奖。[^zhwiki]\n\n## 艺术与影响\n\n齐白石在继承徐渭、朱耷、石涛与吴昌硕等画家传统的基础上形成个人风格，常以“衰年变法”概括其晚年转变，作品题材包括山水、花鸟、草虫与蔬果。他提出“作画妙在似与不似之间”，笔下的虾、蟹、蛙以观察细致和水墨表现见称。他亦精于篆刻，自称“三百石印富翁”；李苦禅、李可染、王雪涛等曾从其学艺。[^zhwiki]水星上有以其命名的撞击坑。[^zhwiki]", "url": "/people/qi-baishi.html", "lang": "it", "sourceLang": "zh", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "birth": { "year": 1864, "month": 1, "day": 1, "display": "1864年1月1日" }, "death": { "year": 1957, "month": 9, "day": 16, "display": "1957年9月16日" }, "occupations": [ "诗人", "政治人物", "画家", "书法家" ], "nativePlace": "湘潭县", "personCategory": "历史人物" }, { "id": "person_cn_q1325642", "type": "person", "title": "邓忠", "slug": "deng-zhong", "aliases": [ "Deng Zhong" ], "previousSlugs": [ "deng-zhong-q1325642" ], "summary": "邓忠是曹魏将领、邓艾之子，曾参与灭蜀之战。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q1325642", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1325642" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "邓忠 (曹魏)（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%84%A7%E5%BF%A0_(%E6%9B%B9%E9%AD%8F)" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T05:18:26+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 7, "body": "**邓忠**是曹魏将领，邓艾之子，籍贯义阳郡棘阳县。[^zhwiki][^wikidata]\n\n## 生平\n\n甘露元年（256年），邓艾因功封邓侯，邓忠随父受封惠唐亭侯。景元四年（263年），邓艾奉诏征伐蜀汉，邓忠随军出征。邓艾偷渡阴平、进逼成都后，邓忠与师纂在绵竹之战中分攻蜀军两翼；初战受挫后再次进攻，击败诸葛瞻所部。[^zhwiki]\n\n蜀汉灭亡后，钟会诬陷邓艾谋反，邓艾、邓忠父子被解送洛阳。钟会之乱平定后，卫瓘派田续追杀，邓艾父子在绵竹西被杀。泰始九年（273年），邓忠随父恢复名节。[^zhwiki]", "url": "/people/deng-zhong.html", "lang": "it", "sourceLang": "zh", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "birth": { "year": 230, "display": "230年" }, "death": { "year": 264, "display": "264年" }, "occupations": [ "军官" ], "disambiguation": "曹魏", "personCategory": "历史人物" }, { "id": "person_cn_q21040369", "type": "person", "title": "杨颙", "slug": "yang-yong", "aliases": [ "Yang Yong" ], "previousSlugs": [ "yang-yong-q21040369" ], "summary": "杨颙是蜀汉官员，曾任巴郡太守、丞相主簿及东曹属。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q21040369", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21040369" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "杨颙（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A5%8A%E9%A1%92" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T05:15:18+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 8, "body": "**杨颙**（字子昭）是蜀汉官员，籍贯荆州襄阳，曾任巴郡太守、丞相主簿及东曹属。[^zhwiki][^wikidata]\n\n## 生平\n\n杨颙与杨仪同族，随刘备入蜀。[^zhwiki]\n\n## 劝谏与身后评价\n\n任丞相主簿时，杨颙见诸葛亮亲自校对簿册，便以奴仆、婢女、鸡、狗、牛、马各司其职为喻，劝他分工治事；并举汉代丙吉、陈平为例，说明为政者若事事亲理，只会身心俱疲、难以成事。[^zhwiki]杨颙去世后，诸葛亮十分悲痛，并在写给留府长史张裔、蒋琬的信中称其离世是朝廷的重大损失。王夫之在《读通鉴论》中也称赞这番进言。[^zhwiki]", "url": "/people/yang-yong.html", "lang": "it", "sourceLang": "zh", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "death": { "year": 234, "precision": "year" }, "occupations": [ "政治人物" ], "personCategory": "历史人物" }, { "id": "person_cn_q703372", "type": "person", "title": "曹羲", "slug": "cao-xi", "aliases": [ "Cao Xi" ], "previousSlugs": [ "cao-xi-q703372" ], "summary": "曹羲是曹魏官员，曹真之子、曹爽之弟，曾任中领军，249年高平陵之变后被处死。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "sgz9", "title": "三国志卷九·魏书·曹真传、曹爽传", "author": "陈寿撰，裴松之注", "url": "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/三国志/卷09", "locator": "《魏书·曹真传》记曹羲等五子封列侯；《魏书·曹爽传》记曹羲任中领军、劝谏及高平陵之变后结局" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T04:16:06+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 7, "body": "曹羲是曹魏官员，曹真之子、曹爽之弟，曾任中领军；249年高平陵之变后与曹爽等一同被处死。[^sgz9]\n\n## 生平\n\n曹真去世后，魏明帝追念其功，将曹羲等五子封为列侯。曹爽辅政期间，曹羲任中领军。曹爽生活奢侈、擅取财物，曹羲对此深感忧虑，多次劝止；他还写了三篇文章，陈述骄奢过度可能招致的祸败，借告诫弟弟们来提醒曹爽。[^sgz9]\n\n249年，司马懿发动高平陵之变，曹爽被免职。桓范劝曹爽兄弟带魏帝曹芳前往许昌、召集兵马自辅，曹羲没有响应。曹爽后来投降；公卿廷议以谋反等罪名判处曹爽、曹羲等人死刑，并夷灭三族。[^sgz9]", "url": "/people/cao-xi.html", "lang": "it", "sourceLang": "zh", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "death": { "year": 249, "display": "249年" }, "occupations": [ "政治人物" ], "personCategory": "历史人物" }, { "id": "person_nobel_726", "type": "person", "title": "若雷斯·阿尔费罗夫", "slug": "zhores-alferov", "aliases": [ "Zhores Alferov", "Zhores I. Alferov" ], "summary": "若雷斯·阿尔费罗夫（Zhores Alferov，1930年3月15日—2019年3月1日）是2000 年诺贝尔物理学奖得主之一。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-awards", "category-people" ], "tags": [ "tag-nobel-prize" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Zhores Alferov – Facts", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2000/alferov/facts/" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 2000", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2000/summary/" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-01T03:38:01+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T04:09:56+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 3, "body": "**若雷斯·阿尔费罗夫**（Zhores I. Alferov，1930年3月15日—2019年3月1日）出生于维捷布斯克（白俄罗斯），2019年3月1日在圣彼得堡（俄罗斯）去世。\n\n## 获奖\n\n2000 年诺贝尔物理学奖由 3 位得主共享，若雷斯·阿尔费罗夫占其中 1/4 份，官方获奖理由（官方原文）：“for developing semiconductor heterostructures used in high-speed- and opto-electronics”[^s1]。获奖时所属机构为 A.F. Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute，所在地为圣彼得堡（俄罗斯）[^s1]。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[work_nobel_prize_2000|2000 年诺贝尔奖]]、[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]", "url": "/people/zhores-alferov.html", "lang": "it", "sourceLang": "zh", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh" ], "birth": { "year": 1930, "month": 3, "day": 15, "precision": "day", "display": "1930年3月15日" }, "death": { "year": 2019, "month": 3, "day": 1, "precision": "day", "display": "2019年3月1日" } }, { "id": "person_nobel_794", "type": "person", "title": "伊夫·肖万", "slug": "yves-chauvin", "aliases": [ "Yves Chauvin" ], "summary": "伊夫·肖万（Yves Chauvin，1930年10月10日—2015年1月27日）是2005 年诺贝尔化学奖得主之一。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-awards", "category-people" ], "tags": [ "tag-nobel-prize" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Yves Chauvin – Facts", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2005/chauvin/facts/" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2005", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2005/summary/" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-01T03:38:01+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T04:09:54+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 3, "body": "**伊夫·肖万**（Yves Chauvin，1930年10月10日—2015年1月27日）出生于梅嫩（比利时），2015年1月27日在图尔（法国）去世。\n\n## 获奖\n\n2005 年诺贝尔化学奖由 3 位得主共享，伊夫·肖万占其中 1/3 份，官方获奖理由（官方原文）：“for the development of the metathesis method in organic synthesis”[^s1]。获奖时所属机构为 Institut Français du Pétrole，所在地为吕埃-马尔迈松（法国）[^s1]。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[work_nobel_prize_2005|2005 年诺贝尔奖]]、[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]", "url": "/people/yves-chauvin.html", "lang": "it", "sourceLang": "zh", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh" ], "birth": { "year": 1930, "month": 10, "day": 10, "precision": "day", "display": "1930年10月10日" }, "death": { "year": 2015, "month": 1, "day": 27, "precision": "day", "display": "2015年1月27日" } }, { "id": "person_nobel_265", "type": "person", "title": "李远哲", "slug": "yuan-t-lee", "aliases": [ "Yuan T. Lee" ], "summary": "李远哲（Yuan T. Lee，1936年11月19日—）是1986 年诺贝尔化学奖得主之一。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-awards", "category-people" ], "tags": [ "tag-nobel-prize" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Yuan T. Lee – Facts", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1986/lee/facts/" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1986", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1986/summary/" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-01T03:38:01+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T04:09:52+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 3, "body": "**李远哲**（Yuan T. Lee，1936年11月19日—）出生于新竹市（中华民国）。\n\n## 获奖\n\n1986 年诺贝尔化学奖由 3 位得主共享，李远哲占其中 1/3 份，官方获奖理由（官方原文）：“for their contributions concerning the dynamics of chemical elementary processes”[^s1]。获奖时所属机构为 University of California，所在地为伯克利（美国）[^s1]。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[work_nobel_prize_1986|1986 年诺贝尔奖]]、[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]", "url": "/people/yuan-t-lee.html", "lang": "it", "sourceLang": "zh", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh" ], "birth": { "year": 1936, "month": 11, "day": 19, "precision": "day", "display": "1936年11月19日" } }, { "id": "person_nobel_927", "type": "person", "title": "大隅良典", "slug": "yoshinori-ohsumi", "aliases": [ "Yoshinori Ohsumi" ], "summary": "大隅良典（Yoshinori Ohsumi，1945年2月9日—）是2016 年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖得主。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-awards", "category-people" ], "tags": [ "tag-nobel-prize" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Yoshinori Ohsumi – Facts", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/2016/ohsumi/facts/" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2016", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/2016/summary/" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-01T03:38:01+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T04:09:50+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 3, "body": "**大隅良典**（Yoshinori Ohsumi，1945年2月9日—）出生于福冈市（日本）。\n\n## 获奖\n\n2016 年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖授予 大隅良典，官方获奖理由（官方原文）：“for his discoveries of mechanisms for autophagy”[^s1]。获奖时所属机构为 Tokyo Institute of Technology，所在地为东京都（日本）[^s1]。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[work_nobel_prize_2016|2016 年诺贝尔奖]]、[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]", "url": "/people/yoshinori-ohsumi.html", "lang": "it", "sourceLang": "zh", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh" ], "birth": { "year": 1945, "month": 2, "day": 9, "precision": "day", "display": "1945年2月9日" } }, { "id": "person_nobel_826", "type": "person", "title": "南部阳一郎", "slug": "yoichiro-nambu", "aliases": [ "Yoichiro Nambu" ], "summary": "南部阳一郎（Yoichiro Nambu，1921年1月18日—2015年7月5日）是2008 年诺贝尔物理学奖得主之一。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-awards", "category-people" ], "tags": [ "tag-nobel-prize" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Yoichiro Nambu – Facts", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2008/nambu/facts/" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 2008", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2008/summary/" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-01T03:38:01+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T04:09:48+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 3, "body": "**南部阳一郎**（Yoichiro Nambu，1921年1月18日—2015年7月5日）出生于东京都（日本），2015年7月5日在大阪市（日本）去世。\n\n## 获奖\n\n2008 年诺贝尔物理学奖由 3 位得主共享，南部阳一郎占其中 1/2 份，官方获奖理由（官方原文）：“for the discovery of the mechanism of spontaneous broken symmetry in subatomic physics”[^s1]。获奖时所属机构为 Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago，所在地为芝加哥（美国）[^s1]。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[work_nobel_prize_2008|2008 年诺贝尔奖]]、[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]", "url": "/people/yoichiro-nambu.html", "lang": "it", "sourceLang": "zh", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh" ], "birth": { "year": 1921, "month": 1, "day": 18, "precision": "day", "display": "1921年1月18日" }, "death": { "year": 2015, "month": 7, "day": 5, "precision": "day", "display": "2015年7月5日" } }, { "id": "person_nobel_50", "type": "person", "title": "沃尔夫冈·泡利", "slug": "wolfgang-pauli", "aliases": [ "Wolfgang Pauli" ], "summary": "沃尔夫冈·泡利（Wolfgang Pauli，1900年4月25日—1958年12月15日）是1945 年诺贝尔物理学奖得主。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-awards", "category-people" ], "tags": [ "tag-nobel-prize" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Wolfgang Pauli – Facts", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1945/pauli/facts/" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1945", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1945/summary/" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-01T03:38:01+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T04:09:44+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 3, "body": "**沃尔夫冈·泡利**（Wolfgang Pauli，1900年4月25日—1958年12月15日）出生于维也纳（奥地利），1958年12月15日在苏黎世（瑞士）去世。\n\n## 获奖\n\n1945 年诺贝尔物理学奖授予 沃尔夫冈·泡利，官方获奖理由（官方原文）：“for the discovery of the Exclusion Principle, also called the Pauli Principle”[^s1]。获奖时所属机构为 Princeton University，所在地为普林斯顿（美国）[^s1]。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[work_nobel_prize_1945|1945 年诺贝尔奖]]、[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]", "url": "/people/wolfgang-pauli.html", "lang": "it", "sourceLang": "zh", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh" ], "birth": { "year": 1900, "month": 4, "day": 25, "precision": "day", "display": "1900年4月25日" }, "death": { "year": 1958, "month": 12, "day": 15, "precision": "day", "display": "1958年12月15日" } }, { "id": "person_nobel_137", "type": "person", "title": "沃尔夫冈·保罗", "slug": "wolfgang-paul", "aliases": [ "Wolfgang Paul" ], "summary": "沃尔夫冈·保罗（Wolfgang Paul，1913年8月10日—1993年12月7日）是1989 年诺贝尔物理学奖得主之一。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-awards", "category-people" ], "tags": [ "tag-nobel-prize" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Wolfgang Paul – Facts", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1989/paul/facts/" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1989", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1989/summary/" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-01T03:38:01+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T04:09:42+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 3, "body": "**沃尔夫冈·保罗**（Wolfgang Paul，1913年8月10日—1993年12月7日）出生于德国，1993年12月7日在波恩（德国）去世。\n\n## 获奖\n\n1989 年诺贝尔物理学奖由 3 位得主共享，沃尔夫冈·保罗占其中 1/4 份，官方获奖理由（官方原文）：“for the development of the ion trap technique”[^s1]。获奖时所属机构为 University of Bonn，所在地为波恩（德国）[^s1]。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[work_nobel_prize_1989|1989 年诺贝尔奖]]、[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]", "url": "/people/wolfgang-paul.html", "lang": "it", "sourceLang": "zh", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh" ], "birth": { "year": 1913, "month": 8, "day": 10, "precision": "day", "display": "1913年8月10日" }, "death": { "year": 1993, "month": 12, "day": 7, "precision": "day", "display": "1993年12月7日" } }, { "id": "person_nobel_739", "type": "person", "title": "沃尔夫冈·克特勒", "slug": "wolfgang-ketterle", "aliases": [ "Wolfgang Ketterle" ], "summary": "沃尔夫冈·克特勒（Wolfgang Ketterle，1957年10月21日—）是2001 年诺贝尔物理学奖得主之一。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-awards", "category-people" ], "tags": [ "tag-nobel-prize" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Wolfgang Ketterle – Facts", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2001/ketterle/facts/" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 2001", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2001/summary/" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-01T03:38:01+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T04:09:41+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 3, "body": "**沃尔夫冈·克特勒**（Wolfgang Ketterle，1957年10月21日—）出生于海德堡（德国）。\n\n## 获奖\n\n2001 年诺贝尔物理学奖由 3 位得主共享，沃尔夫冈·克特勒占其中 1/3 份，官方获奖理由（官方原文）：“for the achievement of Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute gases of alkali atoms, and for early fundamental studies of the properties of the condensates”[^s1]。获奖时所属机构为 Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)，所在地为剑桥（美国）[^s1]。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[work_nobel_prize_2001|2001 年诺贝尔奖]]、[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]", "url": "/people/wolfgang-ketterle.html", "lang": "it", "sourceLang": "zh", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh" ], "birth": { "year": 1957, "month": 10, "day": 21, "precision": "day", "display": "1957年10月21日" } }, { "id": "person_nobel_594", "type": "person", "title": "瓦迪斯瓦夫·雷蒙特", "slug": "wladyslaw-reymont", "aliases": [ "Władysław Reymont", "Władysław Stanisław Reymont" ], "summary": "瓦迪斯瓦夫·雷蒙特（Władysław Reymont，1867年5月7日—1925年12月5日）是1924 年诺贝尔文学奖得主。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-awards", "category-people" ], "tags": [ "tag-nobel-prize" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Władysław Reymont – Facts", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1924/reymont/facts/" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1924", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1924/summary/" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-01T03:38:01+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T04:09:37+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 3, "body": "**瓦迪斯瓦夫·雷蒙特**（Władysław Stanisław Reymont，1867年5月7日—1925年12月5日）出生于波兰，1925年12月5日在华沙（波兰）去世。\n\n## 获奖\n\n1924 年诺贝尔文学奖授予 瓦迪斯瓦夫·雷蒙特，官方获奖理由（官方原文）：“for his great national epic, \u003cI\u003eThe Peasants\u003c/I\u003e”[^s1]。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[work_nobel_prize_1924|1924 年诺贝尔奖]]、[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]", "url": "/people/wladyslaw-reymont.html", "lang": "it", "sourceLang": "zh", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh" ], "birth": { "year": 1867, "month": 5, "day": 7, "precision": "day", "display": "1867年5月7日" }, "death": { "year": 1925, "month": 12, "day": 5, "precision": "day", "display": "1925年12月5日" } }, { "id": "person_nobel_673", "type": "person", "title": "维斯瓦娃·辛波丝卡", "slug": "wislawa-szymborska", "aliases": [ "Wisława Szymborska" ], "summary": "维斯瓦娃·辛波丝卡（Wisława Szymborska，1923年7月2日—2012年2月1日）是1996 年诺贝尔文学奖得主。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-awards", "category-people" ], "tags": [ "tag-nobel-prize" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Wisława Szymborska – Facts", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1996/szymborska/facts/" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1996", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1996/summary/" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-01T03:38:01+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T04:09:35+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 3, "body": "**维斯瓦娃·辛波丝卡**（Wisława Szymborska，1923年7月2日—2012年2月1日）出生于库尔尼克（波兰），2012年2月1日在克拉科夫（波兰）去世。\n\n## 获奖\n\n1996 年诺贝尔文学奖授予 维斯瓦娃·辛波丝卡，官方获奖理由（官方原文）：“for poetry that with ironic precision allows the historical and biological context to come to light in fragments of human reality”[^s1]。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[work_nobel_prize_1996|1996 年诺贝尔奖]]、[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]", "url": "/people/wislawa-szymborska.html", "lang": "it", "sourceLang": "zh", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh" ], "birth": { "year": 1923, "month": 7, "day": 2, "precision": "day", "display": "1923年7月2日" }, "death": { "year": 2012, "month": 2, "day": 1, "precision": "day", "display": "2012年2月1日" } }, { "id": "person_nobel_624", "type": "person", "title": "温斯顿·丘吉尔", "slug": "winston-churchill", "aliases": [ "Sir Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill", "Winston Churchill" ], "summary": "温斯顿·丘吉尔（Winston Churchill，1874年11月30日—1965年1月24日）是1953 年诺贝尔文学奖得主。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-awards", "category-people" ], "tags": [ "tag-nobel-prize" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Winston Churchill – Facts", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1953/churchill/facts/" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1953", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1953/summary/" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-01T03:38:01+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T04:09:33+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 3, "body": "**温斯顿·丘吉尔**（Sir Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill，1874年11月30日—1965年1月24日）出生于伍德斯托克（英国），1965年1月24日在伦敦（英国）去世。\n\n## 获奖\n\n1953 年诺贝尔文学奖授予 温斯顿·丘吉尔，官方获奖理由（官方原文）：“for his mastery of historical and biographical description as well as for brilliant oratory in defending exalted human values”[^s1]。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[work_nobel_prize_1953|1953 年诺贝尔奖]]、[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]", "url": "/people/winston-churchill.html", "lang": "it", "sourceLang": "zh", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh" ], "birth": { "year": 1874, "month": 11, "day": 30, "precision": "day", "display": "1874年11月30日" }, "death": { "year": 1965, "month": 1, "day": 24, "precision": "day", "display": "1965年1月24日" } }, { "id": "person_nobel_63", "type": "person", "title": "威利斯·兰姆", "slug": "willis-e-lamb", "aliases": [ "Willis E. Lamb", "Willis Eugene Lamb" ], "summary": "威利斯·兰姆（Willis E. Lamb，1913年7月12日—2008年5月15日）是1955 年诺贝尔物理学奖得主之一。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-awards", "category-people" ], "tags": [ "tag-nobel-prize" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Willis E. Lamb – Facts", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1955/lamb/facts/" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1955", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1955/summary/" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-01T03:38:01+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T04:09:31+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 3, "body": "**威利斯·兰姆**（Willis Eugene Lamb，1913年7月12日—2008年5月15日）出生于洛杉矶（美国），2008年5月15日在图森（美国）去世。\n\n## 获奖\n\n1955 年诺贝尔物理学奖由 2 位得主共享，威利斯·兰姆占其中 1/2 份，官方获奖理由（官方原文）：“for his discoveries concerning the fine structure of the hydrogen spectrum”[^s1]。获奖时所属机构为 Stanford University，所在地为斯坦福（美国）[^s1]。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[work_nobel_prize_1955|1955 年诺贝尔奖]]、[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]", "url": "/people/willis-e-lamb.html", "lang": "it", "sourceLang": "zh", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh" ], "birth": { "year": 1913, "month": 7, "day": 12, "precision": "day", "display": "1913年7月12日" }, "death": { "year": 2008, "month": 5, "day": 15, "precision": "day", "display": "2008年5月15日" } }, { "id": "person_nobel_716", "type": "person", "title": "威廉·维克里", "slug": "william-vickrey", "aliases": [ "William Vickrey" ], "summary": "威廉·维克里（William Vickrey，1914年6月21日—1996年10月11日）是1996 年瑞典中央银行纪念阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔经济学奖得主之一。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-awards", "category-people" ], "tags": [ "tag-nobel-prize" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "William Vickrey – Facts", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/1996/vickrey/facts/" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1996", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/1996/summary/" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-01T03:38:01+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T04:09:29+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 3, "body": "**威廉·维克里**（William Vickrey，1914年6月21日—1996年10月11日）出生于维多利亚（加拿大），1996年10月11日在哈里逊（美国）去世。\n\n## 获奖\n\n1996 年瑞典中央银行纪念阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔经济学奖由 2 位得主共享，威廉·维克里占其中 1/2 份，官方获奖理由（官方原文）：“for their fundamental contributions to the economic theory of incentives under asymmetric information”[^s1]。获奖时所属机构为 Columbia University，所在地为纽约（美国）[^s1]。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[work_nobel_prize_1996|1996 年诺贝尔奖]]、[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]", "url": "/people/william-vickrey.html", "lang": "it", "sourceLang": "zh", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh" ], "birth": { "year": 1914, "month": 6, "day": 21, "precision": "day", "display": "1914年6月21日" }, "death": { "year": 1996, "month": 10, "day": 11, "precision": "day", "display": "1996年10月11日" } }, { "id": "person_nobel_328", "type": "person", "title": "威廉·莫菲", "slug": "william-p-murphy", "aliases": [ "William P. Murphy", "William Parry Murphy" ], "summary": "威廉·莫菲（William P. Murphy，1892年2月6日—1987年10月9日）是1934 年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖得主之一。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-awards", "category-people" ], "tags": [ "tag-nobel-prize" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "William P. Murphy – Facts", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1934/murphy/facts/" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1934", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1934/summary/" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-01T03:38:01+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T04:09:27+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 3, "body": "**威廉·莫菲**（William Parry Murphy，1892年2月6日—1987年10月9日）出生于斯托顿（美国），1987年10月9日在布鲁克莱恩（美国）去世。\n\n## 获奖\n\n1934 年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖由 3 位得主共享，威廉·莫菲占其中 1/3 份，官方获奖理由（官方原文）：“for their discoveries concerning liver therapy in cases of anaemia”[^s1]。获奖时所属机构为 Harvard University，所在地为剑桥（美国）[^s1]。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[work_nobel_prize_1934|1934 年诺贝尔奖]]、[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]", "url": "/people/william-p-murphy.html", "lang": "it", "sourceLang": "zh", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh" ], "birth": { "year": 1892, "month": 2, "day": 6, "precision": "day", "display": "1892年2月6日" }, "death": { "year": 1987, "month": 10, "day": 9, "precision": "day", "display": "1987年10月9日" } }, { "id": "person_nobel_249", "type": "person", "title": "威廉·利普斯科姆", "slug": "william-lipscomb", "aliases": [ "William Lipscomb", "William N. Lipscomb" ], "summary": "威廉·利普斯科姆（William Lipscomb，1919年12月9日—2011年4月14日）是1976 年诺贝尔化学奖得主。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-awards", "category-people" ], "tags": [ "tag-nobel-prize" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "William Lipscomb – Facts", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1976/lipscomb/facts/" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1976", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1976/summary/" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-01T03:38:01+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T04:09:25+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 3, "body": "**威廉·利普斯科姆**（William N. Lipscomb，1919年12月9日—2011年4月14日）出生于克利夫兰（美国），2011年4月14日在剑桥（美国）去世。\n\n## 获奖\n\n1976 年诺贝尔化学奖授予 威廉·利普斯科姆，官方获奖理由（官方原文）：“for his studies on the structure of boranes illuminating problems of chemical bonding”[^s1]。获奖时所属机构为 Harvard University，所在地为剑桥（美国）[^s1]。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[work_nobel_prize_1976|1976 年诺贝尔奖]]、[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]", "url": "/people/william-lipscomb.html", "lang": "it", "sourceLang": "zh", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh" ], "birth": { "year": 1919, "month": 12, "day": 9, "precision": "day", "display": "1919年12月9日" }, "death": { "year": 2011, "month": 4, "day": 14, "precision": "day", "display": "2011年4月14日" } }, { "id": "person_nobel_741", "type": "person", "title": "威廉·斯坦迪什·诺尔斯", "slug": "william-knowles", "aliases": [ "William Knowles", "William S. Knowles" ], "summary": "威廉·斯坦迪什·诺尔斯（William Knowles，1917年6月1日—2012年6月13日）是2001 年诺贝尔化学奖得主之一。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-awards", "category-people" ], "tags": [ "tag-nobel-prize" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "William Knowles – Facts", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2001/knowles/facts/" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2001", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2001/summary/" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-01T03:38:01+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T04:09:24+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 3, "body": "**威廉·斯坦迪什·诺尔斯**（William S. Knowles，1917年6月1日—2012年6月13日）出生于汤顿（美国），2012年6月13日在切斯特菲尔德（美国）去世。\n\n## 获奖\n\n2001 年诺贝尔化学奖由 3 位得主共享，威廉·斯坦迪什·诺尔斯占其中 1/4 份，官方获奖理由（官方原文）：“for their work on chirally catalysed hydrogenation reactions”[^s1]。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[work_nobel_prize_2001|2001 年诺贝尔奖]]、[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]", "url": "/people/william-knowles.html", "lang": "it", "sourceLang": "zh", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh" ], "birth": { "year": 1917, "month": 6, "day": 1, "precision": "day", "display": "1917年6月1日" }, "death": { "year": 2012, "month": 6, "day": 13, "precision": "day", "display": "2012年6月13日" } }, { "id": "person_nobel_243", "type": "person", "title": "威廉·霍华德·斯坦", "slug": "william-h-stein", "aliases": [ "William H. Stein" ], "summary": "威廉·霍华德·斯坦（William H. Stein，1911年6月25日—1980年2月2日）是1972 年诺贝尔化学奖得主之一。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-awards", "category-people" ], "tags": [ "tag-nobel-prize" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "William H. Stein – Facts", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1972/stein/facts/" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1972", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1972/summary/" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-01T03:38:01+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T04:09:22+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 3, "body": "**威廉·霍华德·斯坦**（William H. Stein，1911年6月25日—1980年2月2日）出生于纽约（美国），1980年2月2日在纽约（美国）去世。\n\n## 获奖\n\n1972 年诺贝尔化学奖由 3 位得主共享，威廉·霍华德·斯坦占其中 1/4 份，官方获奖理由（官方原文）：“for their contribution to the understanding of the connection between chemical structure and catalytic activity of the active centre of the ribonuclease molecule”[^s1]。获奖时所属机构为 Rockefeller University，所在地为纽约（美国）[^s1]。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[work_nobel_prize_1972|1972 年诺贝尔奖]]、[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]", "url": "/people/william-h-stein.html", "lang": "it", "sourceLang": "zh", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh" ], "birth": { "year": 1911, "month": 6, "day": 25, "precision": "day", "display": "1911年6月25日" }, "death": { "year": 1980, "month": 2, "day": 2, "precision": "day", "display": "1980年2月2日" } }, { "id": "person_nobel_970", "type": "person", "title": "威廉·凯林", "slug": "william-g-kaelin-jr", "aliases": [ "William G. Kaelin Jr" ], "summary": "威廉·凯林（William G. Kaelin Jr，1957年11月23日—）是2019 年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖得主之一。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-awards", "category-people" ], "tags": [ "tag-nobel-prize" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "William G. Kaelin Jr – Facts", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/2019/kaelin/facts/" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2019", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/2019/summary/" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-01T03:38:01+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T04:09:18+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 3, "body": "**威廉·凯林**（William G. Kaelin Jr，1957年11月23日—）出生于纽约（美国）。\n\n## 获奖\n\n2019 年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖由 3 位得主共享，威廉·凯林占其中 1/3 份，官方获奖理由（官方原文）：“for their discoveries of how cells sense and adapt to oxygen availability”[^s1]。获奖时所属机构为 Harvard Medical School，所在地为波士顿（美国）[^s1]。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[work_nobel_prize_2019|2019 年诺贝尔奖]]、[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]", "url": "/people/william-g-kaelin-jr.html", "lang": "it", "sourceLang": "zh", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh" ], "birth": { "year": 1957, "month": 11, "day": 23, "precision": "day", "display": "1957年11月23日" } }, { "id": "person_nobel_620", "type": "person", "title": "威廉·福克纳", "slug": "william-faulkner", "aliases": [ "William Faulkner" ], "summary": "威廉·福克纳（William Faulkner，1897年9月25日—1962年7月6日）是1949 年诺贝尔文学奖得主。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-awards", "category-people" ], "tags": [ "tag-nobel-prize" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "William Faulkner – Facts", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1949/faulkner/facts/" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1949", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1949/summary/" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-01T03:38:01+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T04:09:16+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 3, "body": "**威廉·福克纳**（William Faulkner，1897年9月25日—1962年7月6日）出生于新奥尔巴尼（美国），1962年7月6日在拜黑利亚（美国）去世。\n\n## 获奖\n\n1949 年诺贝尔文学奖授予 威廉·福克纳，官方获奖理由（官方原文）：“for his powerful and artistically unique contribution to the modern American novel”[^s1]。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[work_nobel_prize_1949|1949 年诺贝尔奖]]、[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]", "url": "/people/william-faulkner.html", "lang": "it", "sourceLang": "zh", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh" ], "birth": { "year": 1897, "month": 9, "day": 25, "precision": "day", "display": "1897年9月25日" }, "death": { "year": 1962, "month": 7, "day": 6, "precision": "day", "display": "1962年7月6日" } }, { "id": "person_nobel_706", "type": "person", "title": "威廉·福塞斯·夏普", "slug": "william-f-sharpe", "aliases": [ "William F. Sharpe" ], "summary": "威廉·福塞斯·夏普（William F. Sharpe，1934年6月16日—）是1990 年瑞典中央银行纪念阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔经济学奖得主之一。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-awards", "category-people" ], "tags": [ "tag-nobel-prize" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "William F. Sharpe – Facts", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/1990/sharpe/facts/" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1990", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/1990/summary/" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-01T03:38:01+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T04:09:13+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 3, "body": "**威廉·福塞斯·夏普**（William F. Sharpe，1934年6月16日—）出生于波士顿（美国）。\n\n## 获奖\n\n1990 年瑞典中央银行纪念阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔经济学奖由 3 位得主共享，威廉·福塞斯·夏普占其中 1/3 份，官方获奖理由（官方原文）：“for their pioneering work in the theory of financial economics”[^s1]。获奖时所属机构为 Stanford University，所在地为斯坦福（美国）[^s1]。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[work_nobel_prize_1990|1990 年诺贝尔奖]]、[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]", "url": "/people/william-f-sharpe.html", "lang": "it", "sourceLang": "zh", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh" ], "birth": { "year": 1934, "month": 6, "day": 16, "precision": "day", "display": "1934年6月16日" } }, { "id": "person_nobel_209", "type": "person", "title": "威廉·吉奥克", "slug": "william-f-giauque", "aliases": [ "William F. Giauque", "William Francis Giauque" ], "summary": "威廉·吉奥克（William F. Giauque，1895年5月12日—1982年3月28日）是1949 年诺贝尔化学奖得主。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-awards", "category-people" ], "tags": [ "tag-nobel-prize" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "William F. Giauque – Facts", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1949/giauque/facts/" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1949", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1949/summary/" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-01T03:38:01+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T04:09:10+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 3, "body": "**威廉·吉奥克**（William Francis Giauque，1895年5月12日—1982年3月28日）出生于尼亚加拉瀑布城（加拿大），1982年3月28日在伯克利（美国）去世。\n\n## 获奖\n\n1949 年诺贝尔化学奖授予 威廉·吉奥克，官方获奖理由（官方原文）：“for his contributions in the field of chemical thermodynamics, particularly concerning the behaviour of substances at extremely low temperatures”[^s1]。获奖时所属机构为 University of California，所在地为伯克利（美国）[^s1]。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[work_nobel_prize_1949|1949 年诺贝尔奖]]、[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]", "url": "/people/william-f-giauque.html", "lang": "it", "sourceLang": "zh", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh" ], "birth": { "year": 1895, "month": 5, "day": 12, "precision": "day", "display": "1895年5月12日" }, "death": { "year": 1982, "month": 3, "day": 28, "precision": "day", "display": "1982年3月28日" } }, { "id": "person_nobel_911", "type": "person", "title": "W·E·莫尔纳尔", "slug": "william-e-moerner", "aliases": [ "William E. Moerner" ], "summary": "W·E·莫尔纳尔（William E. Moerner，1953年6月24日—）是2014 年诺贝尔化学奖得主之一。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-awards", "category-people" ], "tags": [ "tag-nobel-prize" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "William E. Moerner – Facts", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2014/moerner/facts/" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2014", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2014/summary/" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-01T03:38:01+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T04:09:07+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 3, "body": "**W·E·莫尔纳尔**（William E. Moerner，1953年6月24日—）出生于普莱森顿（美国）。\n\n## 获奖\n\n2014 年诺贝尔化学奖由 3 位得主共享，W·E·莫尔纳尔占其中 1/3 份，官方获奖理由（官方原文）：“for the development of super-resolved fluorescence microscopy”[^s1]。获奖时所属机构为 Stanford University，所在地为斯坦福（美国）[^s1]。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[work_nobel_prize_2014|2014 年诺贝尔奖]]、[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]", "url": "/people/william-e-moerner.html", "lang": "it", "sourceLang": "zh", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh" ], "birth": { "year": 1953, "month": 6, "day": 24, "precision": "day", "display": "1953年6月24日" } }, { "id": "person_nobel_154", "type": "person", "title": "威廉·丹尼尔·菲利普斯", "slug": "william-d-phillips", "aliases": [ "William D. Phillips" ], "summary": "威廉·丹尼尔·菲利普斯（William D. Phillips，1948年11月5日—）是1997 年诺贝尔物理学奖得主之一。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-awards", "category-people" ], "tags": [ "tag-nobel-prize" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "William D. Phillips – Facts", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1997/phillips/facts/" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1997", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1997/summary/" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-01T03:38:01+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T04:09:05+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 3, "body": "**威廉·丹尼尔·菲利普斯**（William D. Phillips，1948年11月5日—）出生于威尔克斯-巴里（美国）。\n\n## 获奖\n\n1997 年诺贝尔物理学奖由 3 位得主共享，威廉·丹尼尔·菲利普斯占其中 1/3 份，官方获奖理由（官方原文）：“for development of methods to cool and trap atoms with laser light”[^s1]。获奖时所属机构为 National Institute of Standards and Technology，所在地为盖瑟斯堡（美国）[^s1]。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[work_nobel_prize_1997|1997 年诺贝尔奖]]、[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]", "url": "/people/william-d-phillips.html", "lang": "it", "sourceLang": "zh", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh" ], "birth": { "year": 1948, "month": 11, "day": 5, "precision": "day", "display": "1948年11月5日" } }, { "id": "person_nobel_968", "type": "person", "title": "威廉·诺德豪斯", "slug": "william-d-nordhaus", "aliases": [ "William D. Nordhaus" ], "summary": "威廉·诺德豪斯（William D. Nordhaus，1941年5月31日—）是2018 年瑞典中央银行纪念阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔经济学奖得主之一。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-awards", "category-people" ], "tags": [ "tag-nobel-prize" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "William D. Nordhaus – Facts", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/2018/nordhaus/facts/" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2018", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/2018/summary/" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-01T03:38:01+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T04:09:04+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 3, "body": "**威廉·诺德豪斯**（William D. Nordhaus，1941年5月31日—）出生于阿尔伯克基（美国）。\n\n## 获奖\n\n2018 年瑞典中央银行纪念阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔经济学奖由 2 位得主共享，威廉·诺德豪斯占其中 1/2 份，官方获奖理由（官方原文）：“for integrating climate change into long-run macroeconomic analysis”[^s1]。获奖时所属机构为 Yale University，所在地为纽黑文（美国）[^s1]。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[work_nobel_prize_2018|2018 年诺贝尔奖]]、[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]", "url": "/people/william-d-nordhaus.html", "lang": "it", "sourceLang": "zh", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh" ], "birth": { "year": 1941, "month": 5, "day": 31, "precision": "day", "display": "1941年5月31日" } }, { "id": "person_nobel_916", "type": "person", "title": "威廉·塞西尔·坎贝尔", "slug": "william-c-campbell", "aliases": [ "William C. Campbell" ], "summary": "威廉·塞西尔·坎贝尔（William C. Campbell，1930年6月28日—）是2015 年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖得主之一。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-awards", "category-people" ], "tags": [ "tag-nobel-prize" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "William C. Campbell – Facts", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/2015/campbell/facts/" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2015", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/2015/summary/" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-01T03:38:01+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T04:09:02+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 3, "body": "**威廉·塞西尔·坎贝尔**（William C. Campbell，1930年6月28日—）出生于拉梅尔顿（爱尔兰）。\n\n## 获奖\n\n2015 年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖由 3 位得主共享，威廉·塞西尔·坎贝尔占其中 1/4 份，官方获奖理由（官方原文）：“for their discoveries concerning a novel therapy against infections caused by roundworm parasites”[^s1]。获奖时所属机构为 Drew University，所在地为麦迪逊（美国）[^s1]。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[work_nobel_prize_2015|2015 年诺贝尔奖]]、[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]", "url": "/people/william-c-campbell.html", "lang": "it", "sourceLang": "zh", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh" ], "birth": { "year": 1930, "month": 6, "day": 28, "precision": "day", "display": "1930年6月28日" } }, { "id": "person_nobel_593", "type": "person", "title": "威廉·巴特勒·叶芝", "slug": "william-butler-yeats", "aliases": [ "William Butler Yeats" ], "summary": "威廉·巴特勒·叶芝（William Butler Yeats，1865年6月13日—1939年1月28日）是1923 年诺贝尔文学奖得主。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-awards", "category-people" ], "tags": [ "tag-nobel-prize" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "William Butler Yeats – Facts", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1923/yeats/facts/" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1923", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1923/summary/" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-01T03:38:01+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T04:09:00+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 3, "body": "**威廉·巴特勒·叶芝**（William Butler Yeats，1865年6月13日—1939年1月28日）出生于都柏林（爱尔兰），1939年1月28日在罗克布吕讷-卡普马丹（法国）去世。\n\n## 获奖\n\n1923 年诺贝尔文学奖授予 威廉·巴特勒·叶芝，官方获奖理由（官方原文）：“for his always inspired poetry, which in a highly artistic form gives expression to the spirit of a whole nation”[^s1]。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[work_nobel_prize_1923|1923 年诺贝尔奖]]、[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]", "url": "/people/william-butler-yeats.html", "lang": "it", "sourceLang": "zh", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh" ], "birth": { "year": 1865, "month": 6, "day": 13, "precision": "day", "display": "1865年6月13日" }, "death": { "year": 1939, "month": 1, "day": 28, "precision": "day", "display": "1939年1月28日" } }, { "id": "person_nobel_20", "type": "person", "title": "威廉·亨利·布拉格", "slug": "william-bragg", "aliases": [ "Sir William Henry Bragg", "William Bragg" ], "summary": "威廉·亨利·布拉格（William Bragg，1862年7月2日—1942年3月12日）是1915 年诺贝尔物理学奖得主之一。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-awards", "category-people" ], "tags": [ "tag-nobel-prize" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "William Bragg – Facts", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1915/wh-bragg/facts/" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1915", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1915/summary/" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-01T03:38:01+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T04:08:58+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 3, "body": "**威廉·亨利·布拉格**（Sir William Henry Bragg，1862年7月2日—1942年3月12日）出生于威克顿（英国），1942年3月12日在伦敦（英国）去世。\n\n## 获奖\n\n1915 年诺贝尔物理学奖由 2 位得主共享，威廉·亨利·布拉格占其中 1/2 份，官方获奖理由（官方原文）：“for their services in the analysis of crystal structure by means of X-rays”[^s1]。获奖时所属机构为 University College，所在地为伦敦（英国）[^s1]。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[work_nobel_prize_1915|1915 年诺贝尔奖]]、[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]", "url": "/people/william-bragg.html", "lang": "it", "sourceLang": "zh", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh" ], "birth": { "year": 1862, "month": 7, "day": 2, "precision": "day", "display": "1862年7月2日" }, "death": { "year": 1942, "month": 3, "day": 12, "precision": "day", "display": "1942年3月12日" } }, { "id": "person_nobel_65", "type": "person", "title": "威廉·肖克利", "slug": "william-b-shockley", "aliases": [ "William B. Shockley", "William Bradford Shockley" ], "summary": "威廉·肖克利（William B. Shockley，1910年2月13日—1989年8月12日）是1956 年诺贝尔物理学奖得主之一。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-awards", "category-people" ], "tags": [ "tag-nobel-prize" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "William B. Shockley – Facts", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1956/shockley/facts/" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1956", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1956/summary/" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-01T03:38:01+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T04:08:56+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 3, "body": "**威廉·肖克利**（William Bradford Shockley，1910年2月13日—1989年8月12日）出生于伦敦（英国），1989年8月12日在帕洛阿尔托（美国）去世。\n\n## 获奖\n\n1956 年诺贝尔物理学奖由 3 位得主共享，威廉·肖克利占其中 1/3 份，官方获奖理由（官方原文）：“for their researches on semiconductors and their discovery of the transistor effect”[^s1]。获奖时所属机构为 Semiconductor Laboratory of Beckman Instruments, Inc.，所在地为山景城（美国）[^s1]。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[work_nobel_prize_1956|1956 年诺贝尔奖]]、[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]", "url": "/people/william-b-shockley.html", "lang": "it", "sourceLang": "zh", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh" ], "birth": { "year": 1910, "month": 2, "day": 13, "precision": "day", "display": "1910年2月13日" }, "death": { "year": 1989, "month": 8, "day": 12, "precision": "day", "display": "1989年8月12日" } } ], "lang": "it", "pagination": { "page": 115, "pageSize": 50, "total": 6704, "pageCount": 135, "prevUrl": "/it/people-114.json?type=person", "nextUrl": "/it/people-116.json?type=person" } }