{
  "contentStorage": "postgres",
  "title": "段祺瑞",
  "description": "段祺瑞（1865年3月6日—1936年11月2日），清朝、中华民国人物。",
  "url": "/it/people/duan-qirui.html",
  "entity": {
    "id": "person_cn_q706172",
    "type": "person",
    "title": "段祺瑞",
    "slug": "duan-qirui",
    "aliases": [
      "Duan Qirui"
    ],
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    "summary": "段祺瑞（1865年3月6日—1936年11月2日），清朝、中华民国人物。",
    "status": "published",
    "categories": [
      "category-history",
      "category-people",
      "category-historical-figures"
    ],
    "tags": [
      "tag-ancient-china"
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    "sources": [
      {
        "id": "wikidata",
        "title": "Wikidata Q706172",
        "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q706172"
      },
      {
        "id": "zhwiki",
        "title": "段祺瑞（维基百科）",
        "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AE%B5%E7%A5%BA%E7%91%9E"
      }
    ],
    "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00",
    "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:16:25+08:00",
    "updatedBy": "user:admin",
    "revision": 6,
    "body": "## 生平\n\n段祺瑞（1865年—1936年），字芝泉，安徽合肥人，祖籍江西饶州。1885年以优异成绩考入天津武备学堂炮兵科，毕业后被派赴德国学习军事、在克虏伯兵工厂实习。回国后他协助袁世凯在小站练兵，主管炮兵训练，与冯国璋、王士珍并称“北洋三杰”，段被称为“北洋之虎”。1911年武昌起义后，他被召回任清军第二军军统，随后领衔联名发出通电，要求清帝退位、赞成共和，史称“共和双电”。此后他历任参谋总长、国务卿、国务总理等职，成为皖系领袖；1917年他力主对德宣战，又在张勋复辟后于马厂誓师将其平定。1920年直皖战争中皖系溃败，段祺瑞辞职退隐。1924年他出任中华民国临时执政，1926年三一八惨案后被冯玉祥赶下台，此后隐居天津、上海，1936年11月2日病逝。著有《正道居集》。[^zhwiki]\n\n## 历史成就\n\n段祺瑞反对帝制，主张责任内阁制与武力统一，在清帝退位、再造共和的过程中起到关键作用。他主政期间力主参加第一次世界大战，使中国成为战胜国并加入国际联盟，又迫使外蒙古取消自治。他长期主持新军训练与学务，对北洋军的养成影响深远；但其武力统一政策与三一八惨案中军警镇压请愿学生的行为，也使他备受争议。[^zhwiki]\n\n## 基本信息\n\n- 所属朝代或国家：清朝、中华民国[^wikidata]\n- 出生地：[[place_cn_340123|肥西县]][^wikidata]",
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    "lang": "it",
    "fallback": true,
    "availableLangs": [
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    ],
    "birth": {
      "year": 1865,
      "month": 3,
      "day": 6,
      "display": "1865年3月6日"
    },
    "death": {
      "year": 1936,
      "month": 11,
      "day": 2,
      "display": "1936年11月2日"
    },
    "occupations": [
      "政治人物"
    ],
    "nativePlace": "肥西县",
    "personCategory": "历史人物"
  },
  "entities": null,
  "tags": [
    {
      "id": "tag-ancient-china",
      "slug": "ancient-china",
      "name": "Cina antica",
      "description": "Storia, personaggi e divisioni amministrative dall'epoca pre-Qin alla dinastia Qing.",
      "names": {
        "ar": "الصين القديمة",
        "de": "Das alte China",
        "en": "Ancient China",
        "es": "China antigua",
        "fr": "Chine ancienne",
        "hi": "प्राचीन चीन",
        "id": "Tiongkok kuno",
        "it": "Cina antica",
        "ja": "中国古代",
        "ko": "중국 고대",
        "ms": "China purba",
        "nl": "Het oude China",
        "pt": "China antiga",
        "ru": "Древний Китай",
        "th": "จีนโบราณ",
        "tr": "Antik Çin",
        "vi": "Trung Quốc cổ đại",
        "zh": "中国古代",
        "zh-hant": "中國古代"
      },
      "descriptions": {
        "ar": "التاريخ والشخصيات والتقسيمات الإدارية من عصر ما قبل تشين إلى أسرة تشينغ.",
        "de": "Geschichte, Personen und Verwaltungsgliederung von der Zeit vor Qin bis zur Qing-Dynastie.",
        "en": "History, people and administrative divisions from the pre-Qin era to the Qing dynasty.",
        "es": "Historia, personajes y divisiones administrativas desde la era pre-Qin hasta la dinastía Qing.",
        "fr": "Histoire, personnages et divisions administratives de l'époque pré-Qin à la dynastie Qing.",
        "hi": "चिन-पूर्व काल से चिंग राजवंश तक का इतिहास, व्यक्ति और प्रशासनिक विभाजन।",
        "id": "Sejarah, tokoh, dan pembagian administratif dari era pra-Qin hingga Dinasti Qing.",
        "it": "Storia, personaggi e divisioni amministrative dall'epoca pre-Qin alla dinastia Qing.",
        "ja": "先秦から清代までの歴史・人物・行政区画。",
        "ko": "先秦부터 청대까지의 역사·인물·행정 구역.",
        "ms": "Sejarah, tokoh dan bahagian pentadbiran dari zaman pra-Qin hingga Dinasti Qing.",
        "nl": "Geschiedenis, personen en bestuurlijke indeling van de pre-Qin-periode tot de Qing-dynastie.",
        "pt": "História, personagens e divisões administrativas da era pré-Qin até à dinastia Qing.",
        "ru": "История, персоналии и административное деление от доциньской эпохи до династии Цин.",
        "th": "ประวัติศาสตร์ บุคคล และเขตการปกครองตั้งแต่ยุคก่อนฉินจนถึงราชวงศ์ชิง",
        "tr": "Qin öncesi dönemden Qing hanedanına kadar tarih, kişiler ve idari bölümler.",
        "vi": "Lịch sử, nhân vật và đơn vị hành chính từ thời Tiền Tần đến nhà Thanh.",
        "zh": "先秦至清代的历史、人物与政区。",
        "zh-hant": "先秦至清代的歷史、人物與政區。"
      },
      "count": 1097
    }
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    {
      "revision": 6,
      "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:16:25+08:00",
      "message": "当前版本",
      "hasSnapshot": true,
      "url": "/it/people/duan-qirui/at/6.html"
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  ],
  "lang": "it",
  "availableLangs": [
    "zh",
    "en"
  ],
  "fallback": true,
  "infoFields": [
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      "key": "birth_date",
      "label": "Birth",
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      "value": "1936年11月2日"
    },
    {
      "key": "native_place",
      "label": "Native place",
      "value": "肥西县"
    },
    {
      "key": "person_category",
      "label": "Person category",
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