{ "contentStorage": "postgres", "title": "汉宣帝", "description": "汉宣帝（公元前90年—公元前47年），西汉人物。", "url": "/it/people/emperor-xuan-han.html", "entity": { "id": "person_cn_q7230", "type": "person", "title": "汉宣帝", "slug": "emperor-xuan-han", "aliases": [ "Emperor Xuan of Han" ], "previousSlugs": [ "emperor-xuan-han-q7230" ], "summary": "汉宣帝（公元前90年—公元前47年），西汉人物。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q7230", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7230" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "汉宣帝（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E5%AE%A3%E5%B8%9D" }, { "id": "zhengshi", "title": "汉书·卷008（维基文库）", "url": "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E6%9B%B8/%E5%8D%B7008" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:10:19+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 6, "body": "## 生平\n\n汉宣帝刘询（前91年—前48年），原名刘病已，汉武帝曾孙，戾太子刘据之孙，史皇孙刘进之子。前91年巫蛊之祸爆发，刘据、刘进父子皆死，出生才数月的刘病已也被收系入狱，因廷尉监丙吉庇护而得以活命，后遇大赦出狱，先依外家史氏生活，再被收养于掖庭；掖庭令张贺是刘据旧吏，对他抚养教读甚厚，他又娶许广汉之女许平君为妻。前74年昭帝去世，昌邑王刘贺即位二十七日即被霍光废黜，霍光采纳丙吉的推荐，迎立刘病已为帝，是为宣帝。宣帝即位之初政事一决于霍光，如芒在背；前68年霍光去世后他逐步亲政，翦除霍氏势力，前66年以谋反之罪族灭霍氏，废霍皇后。[^zhengshi][^zhwiki]前48年，宣帝崩于未央宫，在位二十七年，葬杜陵，谥曰孝宣皇帝。[^zhengshi]\n\n## 历史成就\n\n宣帝为政讲究“霸王道杂之”——语出他对太子的告诫，被班固记入《汉书》：他一面延续昭帝以来与民休息、轻徭薄赋的路线，一面厉行核查吏治。他要求郡国守相尽职尽责，设置廷尉平（廷平）专理冤狱，多次派遣使者巡行天下、举荐冤狱、查察苛政，对治绩优异的黄霸、王成等破格擢升赏赐，对酷吏严延年及失职的赵广汉等则依法诛罚，史称其治“信赏必罚，综核名实”，“吏称其职，民安其业”。[^zhengshi][^zhwiki]民生方面，他多次下诏免除田租、勾销百姓所贷官种，并设立常平仓以平抑粮价。[^zhwiki]对外方面，前71年他发五将军之师与乌孙夹击匈奴，取得决定性胜利；匈奴内乱衰弱之后，前60年汉朝设置西域都护府，西域诸国正式纳入汉朝版图；前51年呼韩邪单于入长安朝见称臣，自高祖以来延续百年的汉匈战争大体告终。[^zhwiki]同年他又亲自主持石渠阁会议，裁定《诗》《书》《礼》《易》《春秋》五经的经义异同，是西汉经学史上的一件大事。[^zhwiki]宣帝与其祖汉昭帝的统治合称“昭宣之治”，西汉国力在其朝达到极盛。正史对他评价甚高，班固赞其“功光于祖宗，德垂于后世”；不过史家亦指出，赵广汉、韩延寿等能吏良臣死于其手，治政有偏于严苛的一面。[^zhengshi][^zhwiki]\n\n## 正史记载\n\n正史传记见《汉书·卷008》[^zhengshi]。\n\n## 基本信息\n\n- 所属朝代或国家：西汉[^wikidata]\n- 出生地：长安[^wikidata]", "url": "/people/emperor-xuan-han.html", "lang": "it", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "birth": { "year": -90, "display": "公元前90年" }, "death": { "year": -47, "display": "公元前47年" }, "occupations": [ "君主" ], "nativePlace": "长安", "personCategory": "历史人物" }, "entities": null, "tags": [ { "id": "tag-ancient-china", "slug": "ancient-china", "name": "Cina antica", "description": "Storia, personaggi e divisioni amministrative dall'epoca pre-Qin alla dinastia Qing.", "names": { "ar": "الصين القديمة", "de": "Das alte China", "en": "Ancient China", "es": "China antigua", "fr": "Chine ancienne", "hi": "प्राचीन चीन", "id": "Tiongkok kuno", "it": "Cina antica", "ja": "中国古代", "ko": "중국 고대", "ms": "China purba", "nl": "Het oude China", "pt": "China antiga", "ru": "Древний Китай", "th": "จีนโบราณ", "tr": "Antik Çin", "vi": "Trung Quốc cổ đại", "zh": "中国古代", "zh-hant": "中國古代" }, "descriptions": { "ar": "التاريخ والشخصيات والتقسيمات الإدارية من عصر ما قبل تشين إلى أسرة تشينغ.", "de": "Geschichte, Personen und Verwaltungsgliederung von der Zeit vor Qin bis zur Qing-Dynastie.", "en": "History, people and administrative divisions from the pre-Qin era to the Qing dynasty.", "es": "Historia, personajes y divisiones administrativas desde la era pre-Qin hasta la dinastía Qing.", "fr": "Histoire, personnages et divisions administratives de l'époque pré-Qin à la dynastie Qing.", "hi": "चिन-पूर्व काल से चिंग राजवंश तक का इतिहास, व्यक्ति और प्रशासनिक विभाजन।", "id": "Sejarah, tokoh, dan pembagian administratif dari era pra-Qin hingga Dinasti Qing.", "it": "Storia, personaggi e divisioni amministrative dall'epoca pre-Qin alla dinastia Qing.", "ja": "先秦から清代までの歴史・人物・行政区画。", "ko": "先秦부터 청대까지의 역사·인물·행정 구역.", "ms": "Sejarah, tokoh dan bahagian pentadbiran dari zaman pra-Qin hingga Dinasti Qing.", "nl": "Geschiedenis, personen en bestuurlijke indeling van de pre-Qin-periode tot de Qing-dynastie.", "pt": "História, personagens e divisões administrativas da era pré-Qin até à dinastia Qing.", "ru": "История, персоналии и административное деление от доциньской эпохи до династии Цин.", "th": "ประวัติศาสตร์ บุคคล และเขตการปกครองตั้งแต่ยุคก่อนฉินจนถึงราชวงศ์ชิง", "tr": "Qin öncesi dönemden Qing hanedanına kadar tarih, kişiler ve idari bölümler.", "vi": "Lịch sử, nhân vật và đơn vị hành chính từ thời Tiền Tần đến nhà Thanh.", "zh": "先秦至清代的历史、人物与政区。", "zh-hant": "先秦至清代的歷史、人物與政區。" }, "count": 1097 } ], "relations": [ { "id": "rel_7230_born_in_6501000", "fromId": "person_cn_q7230", "relationType": "born_in", "toId": "place_hist_q6501000", "sourceRefs": [ { "entityId": "person_cn_q7230", "sourceId": "wikidata" } ], "label": "Born in", "targetId": "place_hist_q6501000", "targetTitle": "长安", "targetUrl": "/it/places/changan.html", "incoming": false } ], "versions": [ { "revision": 6, "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:10:19+08:00", "message": "当前版本", "hasSnapshot": true, "url": "/it/people/emperor-xuan-han/at/6.html" } ], "lang": "it", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "fallback": true, "infoFields": [ { "key": "birth_date", "label": "Birth", "value": "公元前90年" }, { "key": "death_date", "label": "Death", "value": "公元前47年" }, { "key": "native_place", "label": "Native place", "value": "长安" }, { "key": "person_category", "label": "Person category", "value": "历史人物" }, { "key": "occupations", "label": "Occupations", "value": "君主" } ], "relationsTotal": 1, "relationCounts": [ { "relationType": "born_in", "incoming": false, "label": "Born in", "total": 1 } ] }