{
  "contentStorage": "postgres",
  "title": "元英宗",
  "description": "元英宗（1302年—1323年），元朝皇帝。",
  "url": "/it/people/gegeen-khan.html",
  "entity": {
    "id": "person_cn_q8549",
    "type": "person",
    "title": "元英宗",
    "slug": "gegeen-khan",
    "aliases": [
      "Gegeen Khan"
    ],
    "previousSlugs": [
      "gegeen-khan-q8549"
    ],
    "summary": "元英宗（1302年—1323年），元朝皇帝。",
    "status": "published",
    "categories": [
      "category-history",
      "category-people",
      "category-historical-figures"
    ],
    "tags": [
      "tag-ancient-china"
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "id": "wikidata",
        "title": "Wikidata Q8549",
        "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8549"
      },
      {
        "id": "zhwiki",
        "title": "元英宗（维基百科）",
        "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%83%E8%8B%B1%E5%AE%97"
      },
      {
        "id": "zhengshi",
        "title": "元史·卷027（维基文库）",
        "url": "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E5%85%83%E5%8F%B2/%E5%8D%B7027"
      }
    ],
    "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00",
    "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T16:59:15+08:00",
    "updatedBy": "user:admin",
    "revision": 6,
    "body": "## 生平\n\n元英宗硕德八剌（1302年—1323年），元仁宗之子。1320年仁宗去世，十八岁的硕德八剌在大都即位，改元至治。英宗自幼接受儒学教育，崇尚以儒治国，但即位之初，朝政受制于太皇太后答己与右丞相铁木迭儿，他任用木华黎后裔拜住为左丞相，以分权制衡。1322年，铁木迭儿与答己相继去世，英宗得以亲政，擢拜住为中书右丞相并独任丞相，着手推行改革。1323年九月，英宗自上都避暑结束、南返大都途中，在南坡店被铁木迭儿的义子、御史大夫铁失等人刺杀，拜住同时遇害，史称“南坡之变”。英宗在位三年，遇害时年仅二十一岁，后谥睿圣文孝皇帝，庙号英宗。[^zhengshi][^zhwiki]\n\n## 历史成就\n\n英宗亲政不足一年，却推行了元朝中期最有声势的一轮改革，史称“至治改革”：他裁汰冗官，命监察机构纠察官吏不法，推行“助役法”以减轻百姓的差役负担，并着手清理铁木迭儿一党的势力。法制建设是其朝最可记述的成果：至治三年（1323年）颁布《大元通制》二千五百三十九条，这是元朝的第二部成文法典；此前官修的政书《大元圣政国朝典章》（即《元典章》）汇辑了自元太宗以来近九十年的诏令、条格与判例，史料价值极高，至今仍是研究元代社会的基本文献。[^zhwiki]《元史》称英宗“性刚明”，为政严毅，曾戒群臣“卿等居高位，食厚禄，当勉力图报……若为不法，则必刑无赦”；但他的清算扩大之后，触犯了蒙古保守贵族的既得利益，加之刑戮果决，终使奸党铤而走险。《元史》对此的盖棺之论是：“然以果于刑戮，奸党畏诛，遂构大变云。”[^zhengshi]\n\n## 正史记载\n\n正史传记见《元史·卷027》[^zhengshi]。\n\n## 基本信息\n\n- 简介：元朝皇帝[^wikidata]\n- 所属朝代或国家：元朝[^wikidata]\n- 出生地：元大都[^wikidata]",
    "url": "/people/gegeen-khan.html",
    "lang": "it",
    "fallback": true,
    "availableLangs": [
      "zh",
      "en"
    ],
    "birth": {
      "year": 1302,
      "display": "1302年"
    },
    "death": {
      "year": 1323,
      "display": "1323年"
    },
    "nativePlace": "元大都",
    "personCategory": "历史人物"
  },
  "entities": null,
  "tags": [
    {
      "id": "tag-ancient-china",
      "slug": "ancient-china",
      "name": "Cina antica",
      "description": "Storia, personaggi e divisioni amministrative dall'epoca pre-Qin alla dinastia Qing.",
      "names": {
        "ar": "الصين القديمة",
        "de": "Das alte China",
        "en": "Ancient China",
        "es": "China antigua",
        "fr": "Chine ancienne",
        "hi": "प्राचीन चीन",
        "id": "Tiongkok kuno",
        "it": "Cina antica",
        "ja": "中国古代",
        "ko": "중국 고대",
        "ms": "China purba",
        "nl": "Het oude China",
        "pt": "China antiga",
        "ru": "Древний Китай",
        "th": "จีนโบราณ",
        "tr": "Antik Çin",
        "vi": "Trung Quốc cổ đại",
        "zh": "中国古代",
        "zh-hant": "中國古代"
      },
      "descriptions": {
        "ar": "التاريخ والشخصيات والتقسيمات الإدارية من عصر ما قبل تشين إلى أسرة تشينغ.",
        "de": "Geschichte, Personen und Verwaltungsgliederung von der Zeit vor Qin bis zur Qing-Dynastie.",
        "en": "History, people and administrative divisions from the pre-Qin era to the Qing dynasty.",
        "es": "Historia, personajes y divisiones administrativas desde la era pre-Qin hasta la dinastía Qing.",
        "fr": "Histoire, personnages et divisions administratives de l'époque pré-Qin à la dynastie Qing.",
        "hi": "चिन-पूर्व काल से चिंग राजवंश तक का इतिहास, व्यक्ति और प्रशासनिक विभाजन।",
        "id": "Sejarah, tokoh, dan pembagian administratif dari era pra-Qin hingga Dinasti Qing.",
        "it": "Storia, personaggi e divisioni amministrative dall'epoca pre-Qin alla dinastia Qing.",
        "ja": "先秦から清代までの歴史・人物・行政区画。",
        "ko": "先秦부터 청대까지의 역사·인물·행정 구역.",
        "ms": "Sejarah, tokoh dan bahagian pentadbiran dari zaman pra-Qin hingga Dinasti Qing.",
        "nl": "Geschiedenis, personen en bestuurlijke indeling van de pre-Qin-periode tot de Qing-dynastie.",
        "pt": "História, personagens e divisões administrativas da era pré-Qin até à dinastia Qing.",
        "ru": "История, персоналии и административное деление от доциньской эпохи до династии Цин.",
        "th": "ประวัติศาสตร์ บุคคล และเขตการปกครองตั้งแต่ยุคก่อนฉินจนถึงราชวงศ์ชิง",
        "tr": "Qin öncesi dönemden Qing hanedanına kadar tarih, kişiler ve idari bölümler.",
        "vi": "Lịch sử, nhân vật và đơn vị hành chính từ thời Tiền Tần đến nhà Thanh.",
        "zh": "先秦至清代的历史、人物与政区。",
        "zh-hant": "先秦至清代的歷史、人物與政區。"
      },
      "count": 1095
    }
  ],
  "relations": [
    {
      "id": "rel_8549_born_in_101186473",
      "fromId": "person_cn_q8549",
      "relationType": "born_in",
      "toId": "place_hist_q101186473",
      "sourceRefs": [
        {
          "entityId": "person_cn_q8549",
          "sourceId": "wikidata"
        }
      ],
      "label": "Born in",
      "targetId": "place_hist_q101186473",
      "targetTitle": "元大都",
      "targetUrl": "/it/places/yuandadu.html",
      "incoming": false
    }
  ],
  "versions": [
    {
      "revision": 6,
      "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T16:59:15+08:00",
      "message": "当前版本",
      "hasSnapshot": true,
      "url": "/it/people/gegeen-khan/at/6.html"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "it",
  "availableLangs": [
    "zh",
    "en"
  ],
  "fallback": true,
  "infoFields": [
    {
      "key": "birth_date",
      "label": "Birth",
      "value": "1302年"
    },
    {
      "key": "death_date",
      "label": "Death",
      "value": "1323年"
    },
    {
      "key": "native_place",
      "label": "Native place",
      "value": "元大都"
    },
    {
      "key": "person_category",
      "label": "Person category",
      "value": "历史人物"
    }
  ],
  "relationsTotal": 1,
  "relationCounts": [
    {
      "relationType": "born_in",
      "incoming": false,
      "label": "Born in",
      "total": 1
    }
  ]
}