{
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      "id": "person_cn_q123786411",
      "type": "person",
      "title": "华佗",
      "slug": "hua-tuo-sanguo-q123786411",
      "previousSlugs": [
        "hua-tuo-sanguo-q123786411-q31749"
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      "summary": "华佗是《三国演义》中的人物形象，原型为历史人物华佗。小说中他先为关羽刮骨疗毒，后为曹操治头风，因提出开脑取风涎而被曹操疑为报仇，下狱而死，临死赠出《青囊书》。",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-literature",
        "category-people",
        "category-fictional-characters"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-fictional-character",
        "tag-classics"
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        {
          "id": "wikidata",
          "title": "Wikidata Q123786411",
          "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123786411"
        },
        {
          "id": "huatuo",
          "title": "华佗（维基百科）",
          "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%8E%E4%BD%97"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00",
      "updatedAt": "2026-11-02T11:33:21+08:00",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 6,
      "body": "## 人物形象\n\n以下写的是《三国演义》中的华佗形象，原型为历史人物[[person_cn_q31749|华佗]]，两者不可混淆。小说中的华佗事迹有违史实年序，属于艺术虚构。[^wikidata]\n\n## 刮骨疗毒\n\n小说第七十五回写关羽攻樊城时右臂中了毒箭，华佗为他刮骨疗毒，关羽一面弈棋饮酒，一面伸臂任华佗割治，谈笑自若。这一段是小说中关羽硬汉形象最著名的注脚。[^wikidata][^huatuo]\n\n## 为曹操治头风\n\n第七十八回，曹操因砍伐梨树建宫受惊，头风发作，经华歆推荐召来华佗。华佗说病根在脑中，风涎不能出，须先饮麻沸散，再用利斧砍开脑袋取出风涎方可根除。曹操疑心华佗与关羽情熟，是借机为关羽报仇，不听贾诩劝谏，将华佗下狱拷问，华佗旬日后死于狱中。临死前他把《青囊书》赠给狱卒吴押狱，书却被吴押狱的妻子烧毁，只抢回一两页，记的都是阉鸡阉猪之类的小手术。[^wikidata][^huatuo]\n\n需要区分的是：历史上华佗死于曹操之手在前，不可能在219年再为关羽疗毒，小说把两件事都安在华佗身上，是罗贯中为突出曹操多疑而作的安排。[^wikidata][^huatuo]\n\n## 出现于\n\n- [[work_cn_q70806|《三国演义》]]",
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        "en"
      ],
      "occupations": [
        "医生",
        "外科医生"
      ],
      "disambiguation": "《三国演义》人物",
      "isFictional": true,
      "personCategory": "文学人物"
    }
  ],
  "title": "华佗",
  "description": "华佗（？—208年），中国、东汉人物。",
  "url": "/it/people/hua-tuo.html",
  "entity": {
    "id": "person_cn_q31749",
    "type": "person",
    "title": "华佗",
    "slug": "hua-tuo",
    "aliases": [
      "Hua Tuo"
    ],
    "previousSlugs": [
      "hua-tuo-q31749"
    ],
    "summary": "华佗（？—208年），中国、东汉人物。",
    "status": "published",
    "categories": [
      "category-history",
      "category-people",
      "category-historical-figures"
    ],
    "tags": [
      "tag-ancient-china"
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "id": "wikidata",
        "title": "Wikidata Q31749",
        "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31749"
      },
      {
        "id": "zhwiki",
        "title": "华佗（维基百科）",
        "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%8E%E4%BD%97"
      },
      {
        "id": "zhengshi",
        "title": "三国志·卷29（维基文库）",
        "url": "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%9C%8B%E5%BF%97/%E5%8D%B729"
      },
      {
        "id": "wiki-person_cn_q31749",
        "title": "华佗（维基百科）",
        "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/华佗",
        "locator": "人物条目"
      }
    ],
    "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00",
    "updatedAt": "2026-11-02T11:33:02+08:00",
    "updatedBy": "user:admin",
    "revision": 5,
    "body": "## 概况\n\n华佗（？—208年），字元化，沛国谯人，东汉末年名医。华佗精通内、外、妇、儿各科，发明麻沸散用于外科手术，创编五禽戏以强身健体，被后世尊为“外科圣手”。[^wiki-person_cn_q31749]\n\n华佗因不愿为曹操专任医官而遭忌恨，208年被曹操杀害；其医术多赖弟子吴普、樊阿等人传承。[^wiki-person_cn_q31749]\n## 正史记载\n\n\u003e 華佗杜夔朱建平周宣管輅\n\n——《三国志·卷29》[^zhengshi]\n\n## 基本信息\n\n- 所属朝代或国家：中国、东汉[^wikidata]\n- 出生地：[[place_cn_341600|亳州市]][^wikidata]\n\n## 演义及游戏中的形象\n\n- [[person_cn_q123786411|华佗]]（《三国演义》人物）",
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    "death": {
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      "display": "208年"
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    "occupations": [
      "医生",
      "外科医生"
    ],
    "personCategory": "历史人物"
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    {
      "id": "tag-ancient-china",
      "slug": "ancient-china",
      "name": "Cina antica",
      "description": "Storia, personaggi e divisioni amministrative dall'epoca pre-Qin alla dinastia Qing.",
      "names": {
        "ar": "الصين القديمة",
        "de": "Das alte China",
        "en": "Ancient China",
        "es": "China antigua",
        "fr": "Chine ancienne",
        "hi": "प्राचीन चीन",
        "id": "Tiongkok kuno",
        "it": "Cina antica",
        "ja": "中国古代",
        "ko": "중국 고대",
        "ms": "China purba",
        "nl": "Het oude China",
        "pt": "China antiga",
        "ru": "Древний Китай",
        "th": "จีนโบราณ",
        "tr": "Antik Çin",
        "vi": "Trung Quốc cổ đại",
        "zh": "中国古代",
        "zh-hant": "中國古代"
      },
      "descriptions": {
        "ar": "التاريخ والشخصيات والتقسيمات الإدارية من عصر ما قبل تشين إلى أسرة تشينغ.",
        "de": "Geschichte, Personen und Verwaltungsgliederung von der Zeit vor Qin bis zur Qing-Dynastie.",
        "en": "History, people and administrative divisions from the pre-Qin era to the Qing dynasty.",
        "es": "Historia, personajes y divisiones administrativas desde la era pre-Qin hasta la dinastía Qing.",
        "fr": "Histoire, personnages et divisions administratives de l'époque pré-Qin à la dynastie Qing.",
        "hi": "चिन-पूर्व काल से चिंग राजवंश तक का इतिहास, व्यक्ति और प्रशासनिक विभाजन।",
        "id": "Sejarah, tokoh, dan pembagian administratif dari era pra-Qin hingga Dinasti Qing.",
        "it": "Storia, personaggi e divisioni amministrative dall'epoca pre-Qin alla dinastia Qing.",
        "ja": "先秦から清代までの歴史・人物・行政区画。",
        "ko": "先秦부터 청대까지의 역사·인물·행정 구역.",
        "ms": "Sejarah, tokoh dan bahagian pentadbiran dari zaman pra-Qin hingga Dinasti Qing.",
        "nl": "Geschiedenis, personen en bestuurlijke indeling van de pre-Qin-periode tot de Qing-dynastie.",
        "pt": "História, personagens e divisões administrativas da era pré-Qin até à dinastia Qing.",
        "ru": "История, персоналии и административное деление от доциньской эпохи до династии Цин.",
        "th": "ประวัติศาสตร์ บุคคล และเขตการปกครองตั้งแต่ยุคก่อนฉินจนถึงราชวงศ์ชิง",
        "tr": "Qin öncesi dönemden Qing hanedanına kadar tarih, kişiler ve idari bölümler.",
        "vi": "Lịch sử, nhân vật và đơn vị hành chính từ thời Tiền Tần đến nhà Thanh.",
        "zh": "先秦至清代的历史、人物与政区。",
        "zh-hant": "先秦至清代的歷史、人物與政區。"
      },
      "count": 1097
    }
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      "updatedAt": "2026-11-02T11:33:02+08:00",
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