{
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  "title": "J·J·汤姆孙",
  "description": "英国物理学家、电子的发现者J·J·汤姆孙（J.J. Thomson，1856年12月18日—1940年8月30日），因气体导电研究获1906年诺贝尔物理学奖。",
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    "title": "J·J·汤姆孙",
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    "aliases": [
      "J.J. Thomson",
      "Joseph John Thomson"
    ],
    "summary": "英国物理学家、电子的发现者J·J·汤姆孙（J.J. Thomson，1856年12月18日—1940年8月30日），因气体导电研究获1906年诺贝尔物理学奖。",
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        "id": "s1",
        "title": "J.J. Thomson – Facts",
        "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
        "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1906/thomson/facts/"
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      {
        "id": "s2",
        "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1906",
        "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
        "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1906/summary/"
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      {
        "id": "s3",
        "title": "J.J. Thomson – Biographical",
        "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
        "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1906/thomson/biographical/"
      },
      {
        "id": "s4",
        "title": "J. J. Thomson – Wikipedia",
        "author": "Wikipedia",
        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._J._Thomson"
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    "createdAt": "2026-11-01T03:38:01+08:00",
    "updatedAt": "2026-11-02T12:23:30+08:00",
    "updatedBy": "user:admin",
    "revision": 4,
    "body": "**J·J·汤姆孙**（Joseph John Thomson，1856年12月18日—1940年8月30日）出生于英国，1940年8月30日在剑桥（英国）去世。\n\n## 生平与职业生涯\n\n汤姆孙14岁入曼彻斯特欧文学院，后以数学奖学金入剑桥大学三一学院。1882年任三一学院讲师，1884年年仅28岁接替瑞利勋爵出任卡文迪什实验物理学教授兼卡文迪什实验室主任，直至1919年由学生卢瑟福接任；任内把卡文迪什实验室建成世界一流的亚原子物理研究中心[^s3]。\n\n## 主要成就\n\n他长期研究气体导电与阴极射线，1897年证明阴极射线是由带负电的粒子组成，其荷质比对应的质量远小于氢离子，从而确认电子是原子的组分；他对正射线的研究则为同位素的发现和质谱法奠定了基础[^s4]。\n\n## 获奖\n\n1906 年诺贝尔物理学奖授予 J·J·汤姆孙，官方获奖理由（官方原文）：“in recognition of the great merits of his theoretical and experimental investigations on the conduction of electricity by gases”[^s1]。获奖时所属机构为 University of Cambridge，所在地为剑桥（英国）[^s1]。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[work_nobel_prize_1906|1906 年诺贝尔奖]]、[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]",
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    "birth": {
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    "death": {
      "year": 1940,
      "month": 8,
      "day": 30,
      "precision": "day",
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      "name": "Nobel Prize",
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      "names": {
        "de": "Nobelpreis",
        "en": "Nobel Prize",
        "es": "Premio Nobel",
        "fr": "Prix Nobel",
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        "ko": "노벨상",
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        "zh-hant": "諾貝爾獎"
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      "descriptions": {
        "en": "Nobel prizes, their laureates, awarding bodies and yearly lists.",
        "zh": "诺贝尔奖各奖项、历年名单与相关人物、机构。"
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      "edition": "1906",
      "name": "J·J·汤姆孙",
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