{
  "contentStorage": "postgres",
  "title": "元文宗",
  "description": "元文宗（1304年—1332年），元朝皇帝。",
  "url": "/it/people/jayaatu-khan.html",
  "entity": {
    "id": "person_cn_q8655",
    "type": "person",
    "title": "元文宗",
    "slug": "jayaatu-khan",
    "aliases": [
      "Jayaatu Khan"
    ],
    "previousSlugs": [
      "jayaatu-khan-q8655"
    ],
    "summary": "元文宗（1304年—1332年），元朝皇帝。",
    "status": "published",
    "categories": [
      "category-history",
      "category-people",
      "category-historical-figures"
    ],
    "tags": [
      "tag-ancient-china"
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "id": "wikidata",
        "title": "Wikidata Q8655",
        "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8655"
      },
      {
        "id": "zhwiki",
        "title": "元文宗（维基百科）",
        "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%83%E6%96%87%E5%AE%97"
      },
      {
        "id": "zhengshi",
        "title": "Q85434824（维基文库）",
        "url": "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E5%85%83%E5%8F%B2/%E5%8D%B7032"
      }
    ],
    "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00",
    "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T16:58:37+08:00",
    "updatedBy": "user:admin",
    "revision": 6,
    "body": "## 生平\n\n元文宗图帖睦尔（1304年—1332年），元武宗次子，早年曾被放逐海南，后移居建康。1328年，泰定帝在上都去世，留守大都的燕帖木儿发动政变，派人迎立时为怀王的图帖睦尔；同年九月，图帖睦尔在大都即位，上都方面则另立泰定帝之子天顺帝，两都交兵，史称“天历之变”。燕帖木儿击败上都朝廷后，文宗依先前的约定，让位于自漠北南下的长兄和世㻋（元明宗），自居皇太子（实为皇太弟）之位。1329年八月，明宗在与文宗相聚宴饮之后突然去世——后世有一说认为系燕帖木儿下毒，此说并无确证——文宗随即在上都复位。此后朝政长期把持在燕帖木儿手中，文宗本人的权力十分有限。至顺三年（1332年）文宗病逝于上都，年二十八；他因太子早逝，又自念对明宗有愧，遗命以明宗之子继位，其侄宁宗、顺帝先后即位。[^zhengshi][^zhwiki]\n\n## 历史成就\n\n文宗是元代皇帝中汉文化修养最深的几位之一，喜好诗文，精于书画，《元史》称其书法宗法晋人、落笔过人。他在位期间最具分量的建树在文治：天历二年（1329年）设立奎章阁学士院，聚集虞集等儒臣讲论经史、考察历代治乱，并令勋贵大臣子弟入阁学习；又敕令编纂《经世大典》，两年后修成，这部巨著系统保存了元朝一代的典章制度，是研究元代制度史的基本文献。[^zhengshi][^zhwiki]政治上则乏善可陈：权臣燕帖木儿自恃拥立之功，专擅朝政、排斥异己，文宗复位后也未能加以约束，朝政日趋腐败，各地民变渐起，元朝国势的颓势在其朝已然显露。[^zhwiki]后世史家的评价因此呈现两面：魏源肯定他开奎章阁、编《经世大典》“开一代文明之治”，同时指出他得位于燕帖木儿、复位又牵涉明宗暴卒之谜，“其得罪万世也，亦以燕帖木儿”；《新元史》柯劭忞则批评他“垂拱于上，无所可否，日与文字之士从容翰墨而已”，认为这正是元祚衰微的征兆。[^zhwiki]\n\n## 正史记载\n\n正史传记见《Q85434824》[^zhengshi]。\n\n## 基本信息\n\n- 简介：元朝皇帝[^wikidata]\n- 所属朝代或国家：元朝[^wikidata]\n- 出生地：戈壁[^wikidata]",
    "url": "/people/jayaatu-khan.html",
    "lang": "it",
    "fallback": true,
    "availableLangs": [
      "zh",
      "en"
    ],
    "birth": {
      "year": 1304,
      "display": "1304年"
    },
    "death": {
      "year": 1332,
      "display": "1332年"
    },
    "occupations": [
      "画家",
      "书法家"
    ],
    "nativePlace": "戈壁",
    "personCategory": "历史人物"
  },
  "entities": null,
  "tags": [
    {
      "id": "tag-ancient-china",
      "slug": "ancient-china",
      "name": "Cina antica",
      "description": "Storia, personaggi e divisioni amministrative dall'epoca pre-Qin alla dinastia Qing.",
      "names": {
        "ar": "الصين القديمة",
        "de": "Das alte China",
        "en": "Ancient China",
        "es": "China antigua",
        "fr": "Chine ancienne",
        "hi": "प्राचीन चीन",
        "id": "Tiongkok kuno",
        "it": "Cina antica",
        "ja": "中国古代",
        "ko": "중국 고대",
        "ms": "China purba",
        "nl": "Het oude China",
        "pt": "China antiga",
        "ru": "Древний Китай",
        "th": "จีนโบราณ",
        "tr": "Antik Çin",
        "vi": "Trung Quốc cổ đại",
        "zh": "中国古代",
        "zh-hant": "中國古代"
      },
      "descriptions": {
        "ar": "التاريخ والشخصيات والتقسيمات الإدارية من عصر ما قبل تشين إلى أسرة تشينغ.",
        "de": "Geschichte, Personen und Verwaltungsgliederung von der Zeit vor Qin bis zur Qing-Dynastie.",
        "en": "History, people and administrative divisions from the pre-Qin era to the Qing dynasty.",
        "es": "Historia, personajes y divisiones administrativas desde la era pre-Qin hasta la dinastía Qing.",
        "fr": "Histoire, personnages et divisions administratives de l'époque pré-Qin à la dynastie Qing.",
        "hi": "चिन-पूर्व काल से चिंग राजवंश तक का इतिहास, व्यक्ति और प्रशासनिक विभाजन।",
        "id": "Sejarah, tokoh, dan pembagian administratif dari era pra-Qin hingga Dinasti Qing.",
        "it": "Storia, personaggi e divisioni amministrative dall'epoca pre-Qin alla dinastia Qing.",
        "ja": "先秦から清代までの歴史・人物・行政区画。",
        "ko": "先秦부터 청대까지의 역사·인물·행정 구역.",
        "ms": "Sejarah, tokoh dan bahagian pentadbiran dari zaman pra-Qin hingga Dinasti Qing.",
        "nl": "Geschiedenis, personen en bestuurlijke indeling van de pre-Qin-periode tot de Qing-dynastie.",
        "pt": "História, personagens e divisões administrativas da era pré-Qin até à dinastia Qing.",
        "ru": "История, персоналии и административное деление от доциньской эпохи до династии Цин.",
        "th": "ประวัติศาสตร์ บุคคล และเขตการปกครองตั้งแต่ยุคก่อนฉินจนถึงราชวงศ์ชิง",
        "tr": "Qin öncesi dönemden Qing hanedanına kadar tarih, kişiler ve idari bölümler.",
        "vi": "Lịch sử, nhân vật và đơn vị hành chính từ thời Tiền Tần đến nhà Thanh.",
        "zh": "先秦至清代的历史、人物与政区。",
        "zh-hant": "先秦至清代的歷史、人物與政區。"
      },
      "count": 1095
    }
  ],
  "versions": [
    {
      "revision": 6,
      "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T16:58:37+08:00",
      "message": "当前版本",
      "hasSnapshot": true,
      "url": "/it/people/jayaatu-khan/at/6.html"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "it",
  "availableLangs": [
    "zh",
    "en"
  ],
  "fallback": true,
  "infoFields": [
    {
      "key": "birth_date",
      "label": "Birth",
      "value": "1304年"
    },
    {
      "key": "death_date",
      "label": "Death",
      "value": "1332年"
    },
    {
      "key": "native_place",
      "label": "Native place",
      "value": "戈壁"
    },
    {
      "key": "person_category",
      "label": "Person category",
      "value": "历史人物"
    },
    {
      "key": "occupations",
      "label": "Occupations",
      "value": "画家, 书法家"
    }
  ]
}