{
  "contentStorage": "postgres",
  "title": "卫匡国",
  "description": "卫匡国（1614年—1661年6月6日），清朝人物。",
  "url": "/it/people/martino-martini.html",
  "entity": {
    "id": "person_cn_q1243676",
    "type": "person",
    "title": "卫匡国",
    "slug": "martino-martini",
    "aliases": [
      "Martino Martini"
    ],
    "previousSlugs": [
      "martino-martini-q1243676"
    ],
    "summary": "卫匡国（1614年—1661年6月6日），清朝人物。",
    "status": "published",
    "categories": [
      "category-history",
      "category-people",
      "category-historical-figures"
    ],
    "tags": [
      "tag-ancient-china"
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "id": "wikidata",
        "title": "Wikidata Q1243676",
        "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1243676"
      },
      {
        "id": "zhwiki",
        "title": "卫匡国（维基百科）",
        "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%AB%E5%8C%A1%E5%9B%BD"
      }
    ],
    "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00",
    "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:12:20+08:00",
    "updatedBy": "user:admin",
    "revision": 6,
    "body": "## 生平\n\n卫匡国（1614年9月20日—1661年6月6日），原名马提诺·马尔蒂尼（Martino Martini），意大利特伦托人，天主教耶稣会传教士、汉学家，“卫匡国”是他的汉名。[^zhwiki]1643年夏，卫匡国抵达澳门；1650年春到北京，曾觐见顺治帝。同年，他受耶稣会中国传教团委派赴罗马教廷，陈述耶稣会关于中国礼仪之争的见解，并将当时明清战争的记录带往欧洲。1657年4月动身返回中国，同行者还有南怀仁等16名耶稣会传教士；1659年6月抵达杭州。1661年6月6日，卫匡国因霍乱在杭州去世。[^zhwiki]\n\n## 历史成就\n\n卫匡国著有《中国新图志》《中国上古历史》《鞑靼战纪》《中国耶稣会教士纪略》《汉语语法》《逑友篇》等作品，把中国的地理与历史知识系统地介绍到欧洲，是在欧洲掀起中国礼仪问题争论的奠基者之一。[^zhwiki]\n\n## 基本信息\n\n- 所属朝代或国家：清朝[^wikidata]\n- 出生地：特伦托[^wikidata]",
    "url": "/people/martino-martini.html",
    "lang": "it",
    "sourceLang": "zh",
    "fallback": true,
    "availableLangs": [
      "zh",
      "en"
    ],
    "birth": {
      "year": 1614,
      "display": "1614年"
    },
    "death": {
      "year": 1661,
      "month": 6,
      "day": 6,
      "display": "1661年6月6日"
    },
    "occupations": [
      "作家",
      "历史学家",
      "传教士",
      "地理学家"
    ],
    "nativePlace": "特伦托",
    "personCategory": "历史人物"
  },
  "entities": null,
  "tags": [
    {
      "id": "tag-ancient-china",
      "slug": "ancient-china",
      "name": "Cina antica",
      "description": "Storia, personaggi e divisioni amministrative dall'epoca pre-Qin alla dinastia Qing.",
      "names": {
        "ar": "الصين القديمة",
        "de": "Das alte China",
        "en": "Ancient China",
        "es": "China antigua",
        "fr": "Chine ancienne",
        "hi": "प्राचीन चीन",
        "id": "Tiongkok kuno",
        "it": "Cina antica",
        "ja": "中国古代",
        "ko": "중국 고대",
        "ms": "China purba",
        "nl": "Het oude China",
        "pt": "China antiga",
        "ru": "Древний Китай",
        "th": "จีนโบราณ",
        "tr": "Antik Çin",
        "vi": "Trung Quốc cổ đại",
        "zh": "中国古代",
        "zh-hant": "中國古代"
      },
      "descriptions": {
        "ar": "التاريخ والشخصيات والتقسيمات الإدارية من عصر ما قبل تشين إلى أسرة تشينغ.",
        "de": "Geschichte, Personen und Verwaltungsgliederung von der Zeit vor Qin bis zur Qing-Dynastie.",
        "en": "History, people and administrative divisions from the pre-Qin era to the Qing dynasty.",
        "es": "Historia, personajes y divisiones administrativas desde la era pre-Qin hasta la dinastía Qing.",
        "fr": "Histoire, personnages et divisions administratives de l'époque pré-Qin à la dynastie Qing.",
        "hi": "चिन-पूर्व काल से चिंग राजवंश तक का इतिहास, व्यक्ति और प्रशासनिक विभाजन।",
        "id": "Sejarah, tokoh, dan pembagian administratif dari era pra-Qin hingga Dinasti Qing.",
        "it": "Storia, personaggi e divisioni amministrative dall'epoca pre-Qin alla dinastia Qing.",
        "ja": "先秦から清代までの歴史・人物・行政区画。",
        "ko": "先秦부터 청대까지의 역사·인물·행정 구역.",
        "ms": "Sejarah, tokoh dan bahagian pentadbiran dari zaman pra-Qin hingga Dinasti Qing.",
        "nl": "Geschiedenis, personen en bestuurlijke indeling van de pre-Qin-periode tot de Qing-dynastie.",
        "pt": "História, personagens e divisões administrativas da era pré-Qin até à dinastia Qing.",
        "ru": "История, персоналии и административное деление от доциньской эпохи до династии Цин.",
        "th": "ประวัติศาสตร์ บุคคล และเขตการปกครองตั้งแต่ยุคก่อนฉินจนถึงราชวงศ์ชิง",
        "tr": "Qin öncesi dönemden Qing hanedanına kadar tarih, kişiler ve idari bölümler.",
        "vi": "Lịch sử, nhân vật và đơn vị hành chính từ thời Tiền Tần đến nhà Thanh.",
        "zh": "先秦至清代的历史、人物与政区。",
        "zh-hant": "先秦至清代的歷史、人物與政區。"
      },
      "count": 1097
    }
  ],
  "relations": [
    {
      "id": "rel_1243676_born_in_3376",
      "fromId": "person_cn_q1243676",
      "relationType": "born_in",
      "toId": "place_hist_trento",
      "sourceRefs": [
        {
          "entityId": "person_cn_q1243676",
          "sourceId": "wikidata"
        }
      ],
      "label": "Born in",
      "targetId": "place_hist_trento",
      "targetTitle": "特伦托",
      "targetUrl": "/it/places/trento.html",
      "incoming": false
    }
  ],
  "versions": [
    {
      "revision": 6,
      "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:12:20+08:00",
      "message": "当前版本",
      "hasSnapshot": true,
      "url": "/it/people/martino-martini/at/6.html"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "it",
  "availableLangs": [
    "zh",
    "en"
  ],
  "fallback": true,
  "infoFields": [
    {
      "key": "birth_date",
      "label": "Birth",
      "value": "1614年"
    },
    {
      "key": "death_date",
      "label": "Death",
      "value": "1661年6月6日"
    },
    {
      "key": "native_place",
      "label": "Native place",
      "value": "特伦托"
    },
    {
      "key": "person_category",
      "label": "Person category",
      "value": "历史人物"
    },
    {
      "key": "occupations",
      "label": "Occupations",
      "value": "作家, 历史学家, 传教士, 地理学家"
    }
  ],
  "relationsTotal": 1,
  "relationCounts": [
    {
      "relationType": "born_in",
      "incoming": false,
      "label": "Born in",
      "total": 1
    }
  ]
}