{ "contentStorage": "postgres", "title": "Cerca", "url": "/it/search-395.html", "entities": [ { "id": "person_cn_q10061", "type": "person", "title": "朱翊钧", "slug": "wanli", "aliases": [ "Wanli" ], "previousSlugs": [ "wanli-q10061" ], "summary": "朱翊钧（1563年—1620年8月18日），明朝第十三位皇帝，庙号神宗，年号万历。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q10061", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10061" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "明神宗（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E7%A5%9E%E5%AE%97" }, { "id": "zhengshi", "title": "明史卷二十（维基文库）", "url": "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E5%8F%B2/%E5%8D%B720" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T10:43:22+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 8, "body": "朱翊钧是明朝皇帝，庙号神宗，年号万历。他生于1563年，卒于1620年8月18日，葬[[place_hist_q41135|明十三陵]]内[[place_hist_q11087810|明定陵]]。[^wikidata][^zhwiki]《明史》写他「讳翊钧」。[^zhengshi]\n\n## 皇太子\n\n《明史》说他是穆宗第三子，母亲是贵妃李氏。隆庆二年立为皇太子，当时六岁。本纪称他器宇不凡。穆宗曾在宫中叫他骑马驰骋，他说自己是天下主，不能独自驰驱，免得有坠马之忧。穆宗很高兴，下马慰劳他。陈皇后病居别宫时，他每天早晨跟着贵妃去问候起居。皇后听到脚步声就高兴，勉强起身。他拿经书请教，皇后没有不回答的，贵妃也很高兴，两宫因此更加和睦。[^zhengshi]\n\n## 即位\n\n隆庆六年五月，穆宗去世。六月甲子，他即皇帝位，把下一年定为万历元年，大赦天下。建文朝尽节而死的大臣被祀于乡里，有后裔的予以恤录。同月罢高拱，高仪去世，礼部尚书吕调阳以文渊阁大学士入阁。七月开始把漕运通到密云，并戒谕廷臣除去积习。尊皇后为仁圣皇太后，贵妃为慈圣皇太后。九月，穆宗葬于昭陵。十二月，因为大行皇帝丧期未满，停罢明年元夕的灯火和宫中宴。[^zhengshi]\n\n## 基本信息\n\n- 姓名：朱翊钧[^wikidata]\n- 庙号：神宗[^zhengshi]\n- 年号：万历[^zhengshi]\n- 简介：明朝第十三位皇帝[^wikidata]\n- 所属朝代：明朝[^wikidata]\n- 出生地：[[place_beijing|北京市]][^wikidata]\n- 职业：诗人[^wikidata]", "url": "/people/wanli.html", "lang": "it", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "birth": { "year": 1563, "display": "1563年" }, "death": { "year": 1620, "month": 8, "day": 18, "display": "1620年8月18日" }, "occupations": [ "诗人" ], "personCategory": "历史人物" }, { "id": "person_cn_q9965", "type": "person", "title": "明成祖", "slug": "yongle-emperor", "aliases": [ "Yongle Emperor" ], "previousSlugs": [ "yongle-emperor-q9965" ], "summary": "明成祖（1360年—1424年），明朝第三位皇帝。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q9965", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9965" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "明成祖（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E6%88%90%E7%A5%96" }, { "id": "zhengshi", "title": "明史卷五（维基文库）", "url": "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E5%8F%B2/%E5%8D%B75" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T10:43:17+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 7, "body": "## 生平\n\n明成祖朱棣（1360年—1424年），明太祖[[person_cn_q9957|朱元璋]]第四子，生于应天府。洪武三年（1370年）封燕王，洪武十三年（1380年）就藩北平，多次奉命参与北方军事行动，曾招降北元太尉乃儿不花。建文帝即位后推行削藩，建文元年（1399年）朱棣起兵，史称靖难之役；建文四年（1402年）燕军攻入南京，建文帝下落不明，朱棣即皇帝位，改元永乐。即位后他五次亲征漠北，并一度将安南置于明朝统治之下；永乐十九年（1421年）正式迁都北京。永乐二十二年（1424年），他在第五次北征途中崩于榆木川，葬[[place_hist_q41135|明十三陵]]内[[place_hist_q11088234|明长陵]]，合葬[[person_cn_q1135688|仁孝文皇后]]徐氏；庙号初为太宗，嘉靖年间改称成祖。[^zhwiki][^zhengshi]\n\n## 历史成就\n\n朱棣在位二十二年，国势强盛，史称永乐盛世：迁都北京并营建宫城，使政治与军事重心北移；派遣郑和率船队出使西洋，首航于永乐三年（1405年）；命解缙、姚广孝等编纂类书《永乐大典》；五次亲征蒙古诸部，维持北疆攻势。与此同时，他继续并强化中央集权，设立东厂，扩展锦衣卫与宦官在政务监察中的作用，并大规模清洗建文帝旧臣；靖难之役本身也是一场造成巨大破坏的宗室内战。其功业与手段，后世评价并存。[^zhwiki]\n\n## 正史记载\n\n正史传记见《明史卷五》[^zhengshi]。\n\n## 基本信息\n\n- 简介：明朝第三位皇帝[^wikidata]\n- 所属朝代或国家：元朝、明朝[^wikidata]\n- 出生地：[[place_nanjing|南京市]][^wikidata]", "url": "/people/yongle-emperor.html", "lang": "it", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "birth": { "year": 1360, "display": "1360年" }, "death": { "year": 1424, "display": "1424年" }, "nativePlace": "南京市", "personCategory": "历史人物" }, { "id": "person_cn_q9957", "type": "person", "title": "朱元璋", "slug": "hongwu-emperor", "aliases": [ "Hongwu Emperor" ], "previousSlugs": [ "hongwu-emperor-q9957" ], "summary": "朱元璋（1328年—1398年），明朝开国皇帝。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q9957", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9957" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "朱元璋（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%B1%E5%85%83%E7%92%8B" }, { "id": "zhengshi", "title": "明史卷一（维基文库）", "url": "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E5%8F%B2/%E5%8D%B71" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T10:43:15+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 7, "body": "## 生平\n\n朱元璋（1328年—1398年），字国瑞，濠州钟离县（今安徽凤阳）人，原名朱重八，出身贫农，幼时曾为地主放牛。至正四年（1344年）淮北大旱饥荒，他的父母与长兄相继亡故，他入皇觉寺为僧，后离寺云游淮西。至正十二年（1352年），他参加郭子兴领导的红巾军，获赐名元璋，逐渐崛起。至正十六年（1356年）攻克集庆，改应天府，以此为根据地；至正二十三年（1363年）于鄱阳湖之战歼灭陈友谅，至正二十七年（1367年）平江之战俘虏张士诚，统一南方。洪武元年（1368年），朱元璋在应天称帝，建立明朝；同年徐达北伐攻入元大都，终结元朝在内地的统治，并收复燕云十六州。洪武三十一年（1398年）崩于应天，葬[[place_hist_q28769|明孝陵]]，庙号太祖；合葬[[person_cn_q1068941|孝慈高皇后]]马氏。[^zhwiki][^zhengshi]\n\n## 历史成就\n\n朱元璋建国后推行休养生息：下令农民归耕、奖励垦荒、大兴移民屯田与军屯、兴修水利、丈量土地清查户口、减免赋税，社会生产逐渐恢复发展，史称洪武之治。制度上，他创立卫所制使军士屯田自给，制定《大明律》，分封藩王镇守边疆。与此同时，他废除中书省与丞相、由皇帝直领六部，设立锦衣卫，用严刑峻法惩治贪腐，并诛除胡惟庸、蓝玉等功臣宿将及其党羽，君主专制空前强化。后世对其评价两极：肯定者重其澄清吏治、恢复民生、奠定明朝二百余年基业；批评者则指其严刑峻法与屠戮功臣，为明代政治留下猜忌残酷的阴影。[^zhwiki]\n\n## 正史记载\n\n正史传记见《明史卷一》[^zhengshi]。\n\n## 基本信息\n\n- 简介：明朝开国皇帝[^wikidata]\n- 所属朝代或国家：元朝、明朝[^wikidata]\n- 出生地：[[place_cn_341126|凤阳县]][^wikidata]", "url": "/people/hongwu-emperor.html", "lang": "it", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "birth": { "year": 1328, "display": "1328年" }, "death": { "year": 1398, "display": "1398年" }, "occupations": [ "統治者" ], "nativePlace": "凤阳县", "personCategory": "历史人物" }, { "id": "place_hist_q41135", "type": "place", "title": "明十三陵", "slug": "ming-thirteen-tombs", "aliases": [ "十三陵", "明代帝陵", "Ming tombs", "Ming Tombs", "Thirteen Tombs of the Ming Dynasty" ], "summary": "明十三陵是位于今北京市昌平区天寿山一带的明代皇陵区，安葬自成祖至思宗共十三位皇帝，为明清皇家陵寝世界遗产组成部分。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-geography", "category-history", "category-historical-divisions" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q41135", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41135", "locator": "P625；P1435 全国重点文物保护单位；含长陵、定陵等十三座帝陵" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "明十三陵（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%89%E9%99%B5" }, { "id": "unesco", "title": "Imperial Tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties（UNESCO）", "author": "UNESCO World Heritage Centre", "date": "2003", "url": "https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1004/", "locator": "组成部分 Ming Tombs；2003年扩展列入" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-01T10:41:58+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T10:43:12+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 3, "body": "**明十三陵**是位于今北京市[[place_cn_110114|昌平区]]天寿山一带的明代皇陵区，安葬自[[person_cn_q9965|明成祖]]至[[person_cn_q10069|崇祯帝]]共十三位皇帝及其后妃。[^zhwiki][^wikidata]\n\n## 位置与范围\n\n陵区北倚天寿山，南向开口，以大红门、神道串联各陵。主陵为[[place_hist_q11088234|明长陵]]（成祖），另有献、景、裕、茂、泰、康、永、昭、定、庆、德、思等十二座帝陵；其中[[place_hist_q11087810|明定陵]]（神宗）地宫经考古发掘并向公众开放。[^zhwiki][^wikidata]\n\n## 沿革与保护\n\n永乐七年（1409年）成祖始建长陵，此后仁、宣、英、宪、孝、武、世、穆、神、光、熹、思诸帝陵陆续建成于同一陵区。[^zhwiki]1961年3月4日列为第一批全国重点文物保护单位。[^wikidata]2003年作为「明清皇家陵寝」组成部分列入联合国教科文组织《世界遗产名录》。[^unesco]\n\n## 现状\n\n陵区现为文物保护单位与开放参观景区；长陵、定陵、昭陵等主要陵寝对公众开放。[^zhwiki]", "url": "/places/ming-thirteen-tombs.html", "lang": "it", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh" ], "disambiguation": "北京昌平明代皇陵区", "placeKind": "陵区", "coordinates": { "latitude": 40.253333, "longitude": 116.2175 }, "adminArea": "今北京市昌平区" }, { "id": "place_hist_q11087810", "type": "place", "title": "明定陵", "slug": "ming-dingling", "aliases": [ "定陵", "神宗陵", "Dingling Mausoleum", "Ming Dingling" ], "summary": "明定陵是明神宗万历帝及其孝端显皇后、孝靖太后的合葬陵寝，位于北京昌平明十三陵，地宫经考古发掘并开放。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-geography", "category-history", "category-historical-divisions" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q11087810", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11087810", "locator": "P625；P361 明十三陵" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "明定陵（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E5%AE%9A%E9%99%B5" }, { "id": "zhengshi", "title": "明史/卷21（维基文库）", "url": "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E5%8F%B2/%E5%8D%B721", "locator": "神宗本纪相关葬制" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-01T10:43:03+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T10:43:03+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 1, "body": "**明定陵**是明朝第十三位皇帝[[person_cn_q10061|明神宗]]朱翊钧及其孝端显皇后、孝靖太后的合葬陵寝，位于今北京市[[place_cn_110114|昌平区]][[place_hist_q41135|明十三陵]]大峪山东麓。[^zhwiki][^wikidata]与河北遵化清东陵内文宗定陵并非同一处。\n\n## 位置与范围\n\n定陵地面建筑占地约十八万平方米，前有三进院落，后接宝城；规模在十三陵中仅次于长陵、永陵。[^zhwiki]\n\n## 沿革与发掘\n\n万历十二年（1584年）前后开始营建，历时约六年建成；万历四十八年（1620年）神宗崩后葬入。[^zhwiki]1956年经国务院批准试掘，1957年打开玄宫石门，是明十三陵中第一座也是迄今唯一经考古发掘的帝陵地宫。[^zhwiki]\n\n## 现状\n\n属明十三陵全国重点文物保护单位与世界遗产范围；地宫现以「地下宫殿」形式对公众开放。[^zhwiki]", "url": "/places/ming-dingling.html", "lang": "it", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh" ], "disambiguation": "明神宗陵，北京昌平十三陵；非清东陵定陵", "placeKind": "陵寝", "coordinates": { "latitude": 40.295, "longitude": 116.21583 }, "adminArea": "今北京市昌平区" }, { "id": "place_hist_q11088234", "type": "place", "title": "明长陵", "slug": "ming-changling", "aliases": [ "长陵", "成祖陵", "Changling Mausoleum", "Ming Changling" ], "summary": "明长陵是明成祖朱棣与仁孝文皇后徐氏的合葬陵寝，位于北京昌平明十三陵，为该陵区首建主陵。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-geography", "category-history", "category-historical-divisions" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q11088234", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11088234", "locator": "P625；P361 明十三陵；含成祖、仁孝文皇后" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "明长陵（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E9%95%B7%E9%99%B5" }, { "id": "zhengshi", "title": "明史/卷5（维基文库）", "url": "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E5%8F%B2/%E5%8D%B75", "locator": "成祖本纪：葬长陵" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-01T10:43:01+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T10:43:01+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 1, "body": "**明长陵**是[[person_cn_q9965|明成祖]]朱棣与[[person_cn_q1135688|仁孝文皇后]]徐氏的合葬陵寝，位于今北京市[[place_cn_110114|昌平区]][[place_hist_q41135|明十三陵]]天寿山主峰南麓，为十三陵首建帝陵与主陵。[^zhwiki][^wikidata]\n\n## 位置与范围\n\n长陵坐北朝南，地面建筑含祾恩门、祾恩殿、明楼、宝城宝顶等，是十三陵中保存较完整、规模最大的一处。[^zhwiki]\n\n## 沿革\n\n永乐七年（1409年）始建，永乐十三年（1415年）主体完工；永乐五年（1407年）徐皇后先葬于此，永乐二十二年（1424年）成祖崩后合葬长陵。[^zhwiki][^zhengshi]地宫未经考古发掘。[^zhwiki]\n\n## 现状\n\n属明十三陵全国重点文物保护单位与世界遗产范围，现对公众开放参观。[^zhwiki]", "url": "/places/ming-changling.html", "lang": "it", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh" ], "disambiguation": "明成祖陵，北京昌平十三陵", "placeKind": "陵寝", "coordinates": { "latitude": 40.30111, "longitude": 116.24306 }, "adminArea": "今北京市昌平区", "established": { "year": 1409, "precision": "year", "display": "永乐七年（1409年）始建" } }, { "id": "place_hist_q28769", "type": "place", "title": "明孝陵", "slug": "ming-xiaoling", "aliases": [ "孝陵", "明太祖陵", "Ming Xiaoling", "Xiaoling Mausoleum", "Xiao Mausoleum" ], "summary": "明孝陵是明太祖朱元璋与孝慈高皇后马氏的合葬陵寝，位于南京市紫金山南麓，为明清皇家陵寝世界遗产组成部分。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-geography", "category-history", "category-historical-divisions" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q28769", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28769", "locator": "P625；P131 南京；P1435 全国重点文物保护单位；P757 1004-005" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "明孝陵（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E5%AD%9D%E9%99%B5" }, { "id": "unesco", "title": "Imperial Tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties（UNESCO）", "author": "UNESCO World Heritage Centre", "date": "2003", "url": "https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1004/", "locator": "组成部分 Ming Xiaoling；2003年扩展列入" }, { "id": "zhengshi", "title": "明史/卷3（维基文库）", "url": "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E5%8F%B2/%E5%8D%B73", "locator": "太祖本纪：葬孝陵" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-01T10:42:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T10:42:53+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 2, "body": "**明孝陵**是明朝开国皇帝[[person_cn_q9957|朱元璋]]与皇后[[person_cn_q1068941|孝慈高皇后]]马氏的合葬陵寝，位于今江苏省[[place_nanjing|南京市]][[place_cn_320102|玄武区]]紫金山独龙阜玩珠峰下。[^zhwiki][^wikidata]因马皇后谥「孝慈」，故名孝陵；与河北遵化[[place_hist_q24841407|清孝陵]]并非同一处。\n\n## 位置与范围\n\n陵园坐落于紫金山南麓，东邻中山陵一带，总体布局分神道与陵宫两部分，神道石刻与宝城、享殿等构成完整陵寝轴线。[^zhwiki]\n\n## 沿革\n\n洪武十四年（1381年）动工，洪武十五年（1382年）马皇后葬入；洪武十六年（1383年）享殿等主体工程告竣，至永乐三年（1405年）整体建成，历时二十余年。[^zhwiki][^wikidata]洪武三十一年（1398年）太祖崩，葬孝陵。[^zhengshi]\n\n## 现状\n\n1961年3月列为第一批全国重点文物保护单位。[^wikidata]2003年作为「明清皇家陵寝」组成部分列入联合国教科文组织《世界遗产名录》（组成部分编号1004-005）。[^unesco]现为开放参观的文物保护与风景名胜区域。[^zhwiki]", "url": "/places/ming-xiaoling.html", "lang": "it", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh" ], "disambiguation": "南京明太祖陵；非河北遵化清孝陵", "placeKind": "陵寝", "coordinates": { "latitude": 32.060305555556, "longitude": 118.83456944444 }, "adminArea": "今江苏省南京市玄武区", "established": { "year": 1381, "precision": "year", "display": "洪武十四年（1381年）始建" } }, { "id": "place_hist_q306978", "type": "place", "title": "清东陵", "slug": "qing-dongling", "aliases": [ "Eastern Qing tombs", "Eastern Qing Tombs", "Eastern Tombs of the Qing Dynasty", "清東陵" ], "summary": "清东陵是位于今河北省遵化市马兰峪一带的清代皇陵区，为明清皇家陵寝世界遗产组成部分。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-geography", "category-history", "category-historical-divisions" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q306978", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q306978", "locator": "P625；P131 遵化；P1435 全国重点文物保护单位；P757 1004-002" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "清东陵（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E4%B8%9C%E9%99%B5" }, { "id": "unesco", "title": "Imperial Tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties（UNESCO）", "author": "UNESCO World Heritage Centre", "date": "2000", "url": "https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1004/", "locator": "组成部分 Eastern Qing Tombs（1004-002）；2000年列入" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-01T10:40:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T10:42:50+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 4, "body": "**清东陵**是位于今河北省[[place_cn_130281|遵化市]]西北马兰峪昌瑞山一带的清代皇陵区。[^zhwiki][^wikidata]\n\n## 位置与范围\n\n陵区北倚昌瑞山，西距北京市区约125公里，属今[[place_cn_130200|唐山市]]遵化市境。[^zhwiki]区内以[[place_hist_q24841407|清孝陵]]为中轴线，主要帝陵包括孝陵（世祖）、景陵（圣祖）、裕陵（高宗）、定陵（文宗）、惠陵（穆宗），另有昭西陵、孝东陵及定东陵等后陵与妃园寝。[^zhwiki]\n\n## 沿革与保护\n\n陵区自顺治末年至康熙初年以世祖孝陵开建，其后康、乾、咸、同等朝帝后陆续葬此。[^zhwiki]1961年3月4日，清东陵被列为第一批全国重点文物保护单位。[^wikidata]2000年，作为「明清皇家陵寝」组成部分列入联合国教科文组织《世界遗产名录》（组成部分编号1004-002）。[^unesco]\n\n## 现状\n\n陵区现为文物保护与开放参观场所；唐山清东陵景区于2015年列为国家5A级旅游景区。[^zhwiki]", "url": "/places/qing-dongling.html", "lang": "it", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh" ], "disambiguation": "河北遵化清代皇陵区", "placeKind": "陵区", "coordinates": { "latitude": 40.193333333333, "longitude": 117.65111111111 }, "adminArea": "今河北省唐山市遵化市" }, { "id": "place_hist_q24841407", "type": "place", "title": "清孝陵", "slug": "qing-xiaoling", "aliases": [ "孝陵", "世祖陵", "Xiaoling Mausoleum (Qing dynasty)", "Xiaoling Tomb", "Qing Xiaoling" ], "summary": "清孝陵是清世祖顺治帝的陵寝，位于河北遵化清东陵，为该陵区首建帝陵。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-geography", "category-history", "category-historical-divisions" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q24841407", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q24841407", "locator": "P625；P361 清东陵；P4330 含顺治帝" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "清孝陵（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E5%AD%9D%E9%99%B5" }, { "id": "zhengshi", "title": "清史稿/卷86（维基文库）", "url": "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B786", "locator": "志六十一·礼五：康熙二年建世祖陵曰孝陵" }, { "id": "zhengshi214", "title": "清史稿/卷214（维基文库）", "url": "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7214", "locator": "孝康章皇后、孝献皇后合葬孝陵" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-01T10:40:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T10:42:48+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 4, "body": "**清孝陵**是清世祖[[person_cn_q310453|顺治帝]]的陵寝，位于今河北省[[place_cn_130281|遵化市]][[place_hist_q306978|清东陵]]，昌瑞山主峰南麓，为清东陵首建帝陵。[^zhwiki][^zhengshi]与南京[[place_hist_q28769|明孝陵]]并非同一处。\n\n## 位置与范围\n\n孝陵处于清东陵中轴线，神道自南向北串联石牌坊、大红门、神功圣德碑亭、石像生、隆恩殿、方城明楼与宝城宝顶等地表建筑。[^zhwiki]\n\n## 沿革\n\n顺治十八年（1661年）世祖崩后开始筹划建陵；康熙二年（1663年）动工，康熙三年（1664年）主体基本完工，康熙七年（1668年）附属建筑告竣。[^zhwiki][^zhengshi]地宫安葬顺治帝，并合葬[[person_cn_q1036431|孝康章皇后]]佟佳氏与孝献端敬皇后董鄂氏；三人依当时满洲旧俗实行火葬，地宫中为骨灰坛。[^zhwiki][^zhengshi214]\n\n## 现状\n\n清孝陵属清东陵全国重点文物保护单位与明清皇家陵寝世界遗产范围，现为开放参观的帝陵之一。[^zhwiki]", "url": "/places/qing-xiaoling.html", "lang": "it", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh" ], "disambiguation": "清世祖陵，河北遵化；非南京明孝陵", "placeKind": "陵寝", "coordinates": { "latitude": 40.19528697822957, "longitude": 117.6547528920938 }, "adminArea": "今河北省唐山市遵化市", "established": { "year": 1663, "precision": "year", "display": "康熙二年（1663年）" } }, { "id": "person_cn_q17790", "type": "person", "title": "康熙帝", "slug": "kangxi-emperor", "aliases": [ "Kangxi Emperor" ], "previousSlugs": [ "kangxi-emperor-q17790" ], "summary": "康熙帝（1654年5月4日—1722年12月20日），清朝第3位皇帝。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q17790", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17790" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "康熙帝（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BA%B7%E7%86%99%E5%B8%9D" }, { "id": "zhengshi", "title": "清史稿/卷6（维基文库）", "url": "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B76" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T10:37:06+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 7, "body": "## 生平\n\n康熙帝（1654年5月4日—1722年12月20日），名玄烨，[[person_cn_q310453|顺治帝]]第三子，生母为[[person_cn_q1036431|孝康章皇后]]佟佳氏。[^zhwiki]顺治十八年（1661年）顺治帝驾崩，临终立玄烨为储君；玄烨幼时曾出天花而幸存、具有免疫力，这也是他被选中的原因之一。玄烨即位时年仅八岁，由索尼、苏克萨哈、遏必隆、鳌拜四大臣辅政。[^zhengshi][^zhwiki]康熙八年（1669年），康熙帝设计擒拿专权的鳌拜，开始亲政。[^zhwiki]\n\n亲政后，康熙帝先后平定三藩之乱，派兵收复被明郑占据的台湾，与沙俄签订《尼布楚条约》确定黑龙江流域边界，并三度亲征平定准噶尔部噶尔丹的叛乱；晚年在西藏驱逐准噶尔势力，使西藏正式纳入版图。康熙六十一年十一月十三日（1722年12月20日），康熙帝崩于畅春园，庙号圣祖，葬[[place_hist_q306978|清东陵]]景陵，在位六十一年，是中国历史上在位时间最长的皇帝。[^zhengshi][^zhwiki]\n\n## 历史成就\n\n康熙帝在位期间推行轻徭薄赋、与民休息的政策，整顿吏治，六次南巡并亲自督察黄河、永定河河工；他尊崇儒学，开博学鸿儒科笼络汉族士大夫，主持编修《明史》，组织编纂《康熙字典》《古今图书集成》等大型典籍；又以多伦会盟等方式联络蒙古各部，册封班禅，确立了巩固边疆的统治方针，并重用传教士学习西方科学。其统治使清朝出现相对稳定的局面，为此后百余年的“康乾盛世”奠定基础。[^zhwiki]另一方面，康熙晚年倦于政务、标榜宽纵，致使吏治废弛、贪污与国库亏空问题滋生，皇太子两立两废引发的夺嫡之争也对清朝政治产生不良影响。[^zhwiki]\n\n## 正史记载\n\n正史传记见《清史稿/卷6》[^zhengshi]。\n\n## 基本信息\n\n- 简介：清朝第3位皇帝[^wikidata]\n- 所属朝代或国家：清朝[^wikidata]\n- 出生地：[[place_beijing|北京市]][^wikidata]", "url": "/people/kangxi-emperor.html", "lang": "it", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "birth": { "year": 1654, "month": 5, "day": 4, "display": "1654年5月4日" }, "death": { "year": 1722, "month": 12, "day": 20, "display": "1722年12月20日" }, "occupations": [ "书法家" ], "nativePlace": "北京市", "personCategory": "历史人物" }, { "id": "person_cn_q1036431", "type": "person", "title": "孝康章皇后", "slug": "empress-xiaokangzhang", "aliases": [ "佟佳氏", "佟妃", "慈和皇太后", "Empress Xiaokangzhang" ], "summary": "孝康章皇后佟佳氏是清世祖顺治帝嫔妃、圣祖康熙帝生母，康熙朝尊为皇太后，葬清孝陵。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q1036431", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1036431", "locator": "P569 生年；P570 卒年；P26 顺治帝；P40 康熙帝" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "孝康章皇后（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AD%9D%E5%BA%B7%E7%AB%A0%E7%9A%87%E5%90%8E" }, { "id": "zhengshi", "title": "清史稿/卷214（维基文库）", "url": "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7214", "locator": "列传一·孝康章皇后" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-01T10:40:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T10:36:41+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 1, "body": "**孝康章皇后**（佟佳氏，1640年12月31日—1663年3月20日）是清朝[[person_cn_q310453|顺治帝]]嫔妃、[[person_cn_q17790|康熙帝]]生母。[^zhengshi][^zhwiki]\n\n## 生平\n\n佟佳氏为佟图赖之女，初入宫为世祖妃。顺治十一年三月戊申（1654年5月4日）生皇三子玄烨。[^zhengshi]顺治十八年世祖崩，玄烨即位；康熙元年尊为皇太后，徽号慈和。[^zhengshi][^zhwiki]\n\n康熙二年二月庚戌（1663年3月20日）崩于北京紫禁城，年二十四。[^zhengshi][^wikidata]及崩，葬[[place_hist_q24841407|清孝陵]]；累加谥，曰孝康慈和庄懿恭惠温穆端靖崇天育圣章皇后。[^zhengshi]康熙帝命其家佟氏改佟佳氏、入满洲，后族抬旗自此始。[^zhengshi]\n\n## 亲属\n\n子一：圣祖[[person_cn_q17790|康熙帝]]。夫：世祖[[person_cn_q310453|顺治帝]]。葬地：[[place_hist_q306978|清东陵]]内[[place_hist_q24841407|清孝陵]]。[^zhengshi][^zhwiki]", "url": "/people/empress-xiaokangzhang.html", "lang": "it", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh" ], "birth": { "year": 1640, "month": 12, "day": 31, "display": "1640年12月31日" }, "death": { "year": 1663, "month": 3, "day": 20, "display": "1663年3月20日" }, "occupations": [ "后妃" ], "personCategory": "历史人物" }, { "id": "place_us_tx_woodcreek", "type": "place", "title": "Woodcreek", "slug": "tx-woodcreek", "summary": "Woodcreek 是位于美国得克萨斯州海斯县的聚落。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-geography" ], "tags": [], "sources": [ { "id": "geonames", "title": "GeoNames US dataset (US.txt / admin2Codes.txt)", "url": "https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/US.zip", "locator": "US.txt：geonameid 4742902；admin2Codes.txt：得克萨斯州海斯县代码" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-29T11:05:07+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T09:32:05+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 4, "body": "**Woodcreek** 是位于美国[[place_us_tx|得克萨斯州]][[place_us_tx_hays_county|海斯县]]的聚落[^geonames]。", "url": "/places/tx-woodcreek.html", "lang": "it", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "placeKind": "populated_place", "coordinates": { "latitude": 30.02827, "longitude": -98.11112 }, "adminArea": "美国 · 得克萨斯州 · Woodcreek" }, { "id": "place_cn_440608", "type": "place", "title": "高明区", "slug": "gaoming", "aliases": [ "Gaoming District" ], "previousSlugs": [ "gaoming-440608" ], "summary": "高明区是广东省佛山市下辖的市辖区，行政区划代码为440608。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-geography", "category-china-admin-divisions" ], "tags": [ "tag-admin-division" ], "sources": [ { "id": "mca2023", "title": "2023年中华人民共和国县以上行政区划代码（民政部）", "url": "https://www.mca.gov.cn/mzsj/xzqh/2023/202301xzqh.html", "locator": "代码 440608：高明区" }, { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q603151", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q603151", "locator": "P1082：人口（2020）；P625：坐标" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "高明区（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E6%98%8E%E5%8C%BA", "locator": "行政区划与地理信息" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T09:31:46+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 6, "body": "**高明区**是[[place_foshan|佛山市]]下辖的市辖区，行政区划代码为 440608[^mca2023]。第七次全国人口普查登记其常住人口为 46.9 万人（2020 年）[^wikidata]。", "url": "/places/gaoming.html", "lang": "it", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "disambiguation": "广东省佛山市", "placeKind": "市辖区", "coordinates": { "latitude": 22.90435, "longitude": 112.88499 }, "adminArea": "中华人民共和国·广东省·佛山市·高明区" }, { "id": "place_us_ca_elkhorn", "type": "place", "title": "Elkhorn", "slug": "ca-elkhorn", "summary": "Elkhorn 是位于美国加利福尼亚州蒙特雷县的聚落。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-geography" ], "tags": [], "sources": [ { "id": "geonames", "title": "GeoNames US dataset (US.txt / admin2Codes.txt)", "url": "https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/US.zip", "locator": "US.txt：geonameid 5346162；admin2Codes.txt：加利福尼亚州蒙特雷县代码" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-29T11:29:39+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T09:31:20+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 4, "body": "**Elkhorn** 是位于美国[[place_us_ca|加利福尼亚州]][[place_us_ca_monterey_county|蒙特雷县]]的聚落[^geonames]。", "url": "/places/ca-elkhorn.html", "lang": "it", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "placeKind": "populated_place", "coordinates": { "latitude": 36.8244, "longitude": -121.7405 }, "adminArea": "美国 · 加利福尼亚州 · Elkhorn" }, { "id": "place_us_nc_vass", "type": "place", "title": "Vass", "slug": "nc-vass", "summary": "Vass是美国北卡罗来纳州穆尔县的镇。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-geography" ], "tags": [ "tag-admin-division" ], "sources": [ { "id": "geonames", "title": "GeoNames US dataset (US.txt / admin2Codes.txt)", "url": "https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/US.zip" }, { "id": "census2020", "title": "2020 Census Gazetteer Files: Places", "author": "U.S. Census Bureau", "date": "2020", "url": "https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2020_Gazetteer/2020_Gaz_place_national.txt", "locator": "GEOID 3769840, Vass town" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-29T10:43:29+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T09:31:01+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 4, "body": "**Vass**是美国[[place_us_nc|北卡罗来纳州]][[place_us_nc_moore_county|穆尔县]]的镇[^census2020]。", "url": "/places/nc-vass.html", "lang": "it", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "placeKind": "town", "coordinates": { "latitude": 35.253875, "longitude": -79.284645 }, "adminArea": "美国 · 北卡罗来纳州 · Vass" }, { "id": "place_us_hi_honaunau_napoopoo", "type": "place", "title": "Honaunau-Napoopoo", "slug": "hi-honaunau-napoopoo", "summary": "Honaunau-Napoopoo是美国夏威夷州夏威夷县的普查指定地区。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-geography" ], "tags": [ "tag-admin-division" ], "sources": [ { "id": "geonames", "title": "GeoNames US dataset (US.txt / admin2Codes.txt)", "url": "https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/US.zip" }, { "id": "census2020", "title": "2020 Census Gazetteer Files: Places", "author": "U.S. Census Bureau", "date": "2020", "url": "https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2020_Gazetteer/2020_Gaz_place_national.txt", "locator": "GEOID 1516160, Honaunau-Napoopoo CDP" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-29T11:39:38+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T09:31:00+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 4, "body": "**Honaunau-Napoopoo**是美国[[place_us_hi|夏威夷州]][[place_us_hi_hawaii_county|夏威夷县]]的普查指定地区[^census2020]。", "url": "/places/hi-honaunau-napoopoo.html", "lang": "it", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "placeKind": "census_place", "coordinates": { "latitude": 19.472511, "longitude": -155.841489 }, "adminArea": "美国 · 夏威夷州 · Honaunau-Napoopoo" }, { "id": "place_us_ne_preston", "type": "place", "title": "Preston", "slug": "ne-preston", "summary": "Preston是美国内布拉斯加州理查森县的村。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-geography" ], "tags": [ "tag-admin-division" ], "sources": [ { "id": "geonames", "title": "GeoNames US dataset (US.txt / admin2Codes.txt)", "url": "https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/US.zip" }, { "id": "census2020", "title": "2020 Census Gazetteer Files: Places", "author": "U.S. Census Bureau", "date": "2020", "url": "https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2020_Gazetteer/2020_Gaz_place_national.txt", "locator": "GEOID 3140325, Preston village" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-29T11:17:18+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T09:31:00+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 4, "body": "**Preston**是美国[[place_us_ne|内布拉斯加州]][[place_us_ne_richardson_county|理查森县]]的村[^census2020]。", "url": "/places/ne-preston.html", "lang": "it", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "placeKind": "village", "coordinates": { "latitude": 40.034587, "longitude": -95.518106 }, "adminArea": "美国 · 内布拉斯加州 · Preston" }, { "id": "place_us_vt_east_barre", "type": "place", "title": "East Barre", "slug": "vt-east-barre", "summary": "East Barre是美国佛蒙特州华盛顿县的普查指定地区。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-geography" ], "tags": [ "tag-admin-division" ], "sources": [ { "id": "geonames", "title": "GeoNames US dataset (US.txt / admin2Codes.txt)", "url": "https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/US.zip" }, { "id": "census2020", "title": "2020 Census Gazetteer Files: Places", "author": "U.S. Census Bureau", "date": "2020", "url": "https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2020_Gazetteer/2020_Gaz_place_national.txt", "locator": "GEOID 5019075, East Barre CDP" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-29T11:26:22+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T09:30:59+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 4, "body": "**East Barre**是美国[[place_us_vt|佛蒙特州]][[place_us_vt_washington_county|华盛顿县]]的普查指定地区[^census2020]。", "url": "/places/vt-east-barre.html", "lang": "it", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "placeKind": "census_place", "coordinates": { "latitude": 44.14834, "longitude": -72.449497 }, "adminArea": "美国 · 佛蒙特州 · East Barre" }, { "customFields": [ { "key": "cuisine", "value": "北京菜" }, { "key": "address", "value": "北京市东城区箭厂胡同22号" }, { "key": "phone", "value": "+86 10 8663 2999" }, { "key": "price", "value": "¥¥¥¥" }, { "key": "awards", "value": "米其林一星；2025黑珍珠二钻；2026黑珍珠二钻" } ], "id": "place_restaurant_beijing_jingyan_hanlin_academy", "type": "place", "title": "京艷·翰林书院", "slug": "restaurant-beijing-jingyan-hanlin-academy", "aliases": [ "翰林书院", "Mansion Cuisine by Jingyan", "Jing Yan by Chef Duan" ], "summary": "北京东城区箭厂胡同院落内的北京菜餐厅，米其林一星，2025、2026黑珍珠餐厅指南均为二钻。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-restaurants" ], "tags": [ "tag-black-pearl-guide" ], "sources": [ { "id": "michelin", "title": "Mansion Cuisine by Jingyan", "author": "MICHELIN Guide", "url": "https://guide.michelin.com/us/en/beijing-municipality/beijing/restaurant/mansion-cuisine-by-jingyan", "locator": "Description, signature dishes and Beijing one-star distinction" }, { "id": "bp2025", "title": "2025黑珍珠餐厅指南北京上榜餐厅（官方海报）", "author": "北京旅游网", "date": "2025-01", "url": "https://www.visitbeijing.com.cn/article/4KzKb2d0LkU", "locator": "京艷·翰林书院上榜条目" }, { "id": "bp2026", "title": "黑珍珠餐厅指南·上榜餐厅（2026）", "author": "美团", "url": "https://blackpearl.meituan.com/home/en/home/1", "locator": "北京地区餐厅榜单中的京艷·翰林书院（二钻）；访问日期 2026-10-30" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-30T02:42:42+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T09:30:57+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 10, "body": "**京艷·翰林书院**是位于北京市东城区的北京菜餐厅，列入[[work_black_pearl_guide_2026|2026《黑珍珠餐厅指南》]]二钻名单[^bp2026]；2025年亦获该指南二钻[^bp2025]，并获《米其林指南》北京一星[^michelin]。\n\n餐厅设于改建的院落宅邸中，菜式以经典北京菜为基础进行现代演绎，并供应北京主题鸡尾酒[^michelin]。\n\n## 招牌菜\n\n- 枣木烤鸭：除传统片皮外还可三种吃法呈现[^michelin]\n- 章丘大葱烧海参[^michelin]", "url": "/places/restaurant-beijing-jingyan-hanlin-academy.html", "lang": "it", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "disambiguation": "北京东城区箭厂胡同", "placeKind": "restaurant", "coordinates": { "latitude": 39.946107, "longitude": 116.405959 }, "locationNote": "北京市东城区箭厂胡同22号", "adminArea": "北京市东城区" }, { "rankingTiers": [ { "id": "physics", "label": "诺贝尔物理学奖" }, { "id": "chemistry", "label": "诺贝尔化学奖" }, { "id": "medicine", "label": "诺贝尔生理学或医学奖" }, { "id": "literature", "label": "诺贝尔文学奖" } ], "rankingColumns": [ { "key": "motivation", "label": "获奖理由" }, { "key": "affiliation", "label": "获奖时所属机构" } ], "rankingEntries": [ { "name": "费利克斯·布洛赫", "tier": "physics", "entityId": "person_nobel_58", "sourceId": "s1", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for their development of new methods for nuclear magnetic precision measurements and discoveries in connection therewith" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "Stanford University" } ] }, { "name": "爱德华·珀塞尔", "tier": "physics", "entityId": "person_nobel_59", "sourceId": "s1", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for their development of new methods for nuclear magnetic precision measurements and discoveries in connection therewith" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "Harvard University" } ] }, { "name": "阿彻·约翰·波特·马丁", "tier": "chemistry", "entityId": "person_nobel_214", "sourceId": "s2", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for their invention of partition chromatography" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "National Institute for Medical Research" } ] }, { "name": "理查德·劳伦斯·米林顿·辛格", "tier": "chemistry", "entityId": "person_nobel_215", "sourceId": "s2", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for their invention of partition chromatography" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "Rowett Research Institute" } ] }, { "name": "赛尔曼·A·瓦克斯曼", "tier": "medicine", "entityId": "person_nobel_353", "sourceId": "s3", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for his discovery of streptomycin, the first antibiotic effective against tuberculosis" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "Rutgers University" } ] }, { "name": "弗朗索瓦·莫里亚克", "tier": "literature", "entityId": "person_nobel_623", "sourceId": "s4", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for the deep spiritual insight and the artistic intensity with which he has in his novels penetrated the drama of human life" } ] } ], "id": "work_nobel_prize_1952", "type": "work", "title": "1952 年诺贝尔奖", "slug": "nobel-prize-1952", "aliases": [ "Nobel Prize 1952", "1952诺贝尔奖" ], "summary": "1952 年诺贝尔奖得主名单记录了该年度四个奖项的六位得主。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-awards" ], "tags": [ "tag-nobel-prize" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1952", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1952/summary/", "locator": "Announcement date" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1952", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1952/summary/", "locator": "Announcement date" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1952", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1952/summary/", "locator": "Announcement date" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1952", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1952/summary/", "locator": "Announcement date" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T09:30:13+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 6, "body": "**1952 年诺贝尔奖得主名单**记录了诺贝尔奖在 1952 年各奖项的获奖者。\n\n## 获奖名单公布日期\n\n| 奖项 | 公布日期 |\n| --- | --- |\n| 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 1952-11-06[^s1] |\n| 诺贝尔化学奖 | 1952-11-06[^s2] |\n| 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 | 1952-10-23[^s3] |\n| 诺贝尔文学奖 | 1952-11-06[^s4] |", "url": "/works/nobel-prize-1952.html", "lang": "it", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "workKind": "ranking_list", "published": { "year": 1952, "precision": "year" }, "language": "中文" }, { "id": "place_us_mo_hurley", "type": "place", "title": "Hurley", "slug": "mo-hurley", "summary": "Hurley是美国密苏里州斯通县的城市。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-geography" ], "tags": [ "tag-admin-division" ], "sources": [ { "id": "geonames", "title": "GeoNames US dataset (US.txt / admin2Codes.txt)", "url": "https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/US.zip" }, { "id": "census2020", "title": "2020 Census Gazetteer Files: Places", "author": "U.S. Census Bureau", "date": "2020", "url": "https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2020_Gazetteer/2020_Gaz_place_national.txt", "locator": "GEOID 2933922, Hurley city" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-29T10:55:24+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T09:29:31+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 4, "body": "**Hurley**是美国[[place_us_mo|密苏里州]][[place_us_mo_stone_county|斯通县]]的城市[^census2020]。", "url": "/places/mo-hurley.html", "lang": "it", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "placeKind": "city", "coordinates": { "latitude": 36.930598, "longitude": -93.499156 }, "adminArea": "美国 · 密苏里州 · Hurley" }, { "id": "place_us_tx_niederwald", "type": "place", "title": "Niederwald", "slug": "tx-niederwald", "summary": "Niederwald是美国得克萨斯州考德威尔县的城市。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-geography" ], "tags": [ "tag-admin-division" ], "sources": [ { "id": "geonames", "title": "GeoNames US dataset (US.txt / admin2Codes.txt)", "url": "https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/US.zip" }, { "id": "census2020", "title": "2020 Census Gazetteer Files: Places", "author": "U.S. Census Bureau", "date": "2020", "url": "https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2020_Gazetteer/2020_Gaz_place_national.txt", "locator": "GEOID 4851492, Niederwald city" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-29T11:04:13+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T09:29:31+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 4, "body": "**Niederwald**是美国[[place_us_tx|得克萨斯州]][[place_us_tx_caldwell_county|考德威尔县]]的城市[^census2020]。", "url": "/places/tx-niederwald.html", "lang": "it", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "placeKind": "city", "coordinates": { "latitude": 29.994192, "longitude": -97.775749 }, "adminArea": "美国 · 得克萨斯州 · Niederwald" }, { "id": "place_us_co_keystone", "type": "place", "title": "Keystone", "slug": "co-keystone", "summary": "Keystone是美国科罗拉多州萨米特县的普查指定地区。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-geography" ], "tags": [ "tag-admin-division" ], "sources": [ { "id": "geonames", "title": "GeoNames US dataset (US.txt / admin2Codes.txt)", "url": "https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/US.zip" }, { "id": "census2020", "title": "2020 Census Gazetteer Files: Places", "author": "U.S. Census Bureau", "date": "2020", "url": "https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2020_Gazetteer/2020_Gaz_place_national.txt", "locator": "GEOID 0840550, Keystone CDP" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-29T11:31:37+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T09:29:20+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 4, "body": "**Keystone**是美国[[place_us_co|科罗拉多州]][[place_us_co_summit_county|萨米特县]]的普查指定地区[^census2020]。", "url": "/places/co-keystone.html", "lang": "it", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "placeKind": "census_place", "coordinates": { "latitude": 39.573898, "longitude": -105.934721 }, "adminArea": "美国 · 科罗拉多州 · Keystone" }, { "id": "organization_shanghai_subway_operation_2", "type": "organization", "title": "上海地铁第二运营有限公司", "slug": "shanghai-subway-operation-2", "aliases": [ "Shanghai No. 2 Metro Operation Co. Ltd." ], "summary": "上海地铁第二运营有限公司是上海市的地铁运营机构。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-transit", "category-urban-rail" ], "tags": [ "tag-metro", "tag-transit-operator" ], "sources": [ { "id": "cptond", "title": "CPTOND-2025 — Wang, Liang 等 (CC BY 4.0)", "url": "https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.29377427.v2", "locator": "Shanghai/shanghai_metro_routes.shp; company_cn" }, { "id": "operation-companies", "title": "Shentong Metro Group — Wikipedia", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shentong_Metro_Group#Operation_companies", "locator": "Operation company / Chinese name / Metro lines table; CC BY-SA 4.0, retrieved 2026-10-24." } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-24T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T09:29:07+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 4, "body": "**上海地铁第二运营有限公司**是[[place_shanghai|上海市]]的地铁运营机构[^cptond]。", "url": "/organizations/shanghai-subway-operation-2.html", "lang": "it", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh" ], "orgKind": "metro_operator", "orgStatus": "active", "headquartersNote": "上海市普陀区曹杨路78号2号楼" }, { "id": "place_hangzhou_zhongtai", "type": "place", "title": "中泰站", "slug": "hangzhou-zhongtai", "aliases": [ "Zhongtai station" ], "summary": "中泰站是杭州市地铁16号线的车站。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-transit", "category-urban-rail" ], "tags": [ "tag-metro", "tag-metro-station" ], "sources": [ { "id": "cptond", "title": "CPTOND-2025 — Wang, Liang 等 (CC BY 4.0)", "url": "https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.29377427.v2", "locator": "Hangzhou/hangzhou_metro_stops.shp; DBF rows 836,853; stop_id=BV11280865" }, { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q75832358", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75832358" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-24T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T09:28:50+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 5, "body": "**中泰站**是杭州市地铁16号线的车站[^cptond]。", "url": "/places/hangzhou-zhongtai.html", "lang": "it", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "placeKind": "metro_station", "coordinates": { "latitude": 30.2456615, "longitude": 119.9248983 }, "established": { "year": 2020, "month": 4, "day": 23, "display": "2020年4月23日" } }, { "id": "place_opapimiskan_lake_airport", "type": "place", "title": "Opapimiskan Lake Airport", "slug": "opapimiskan-lake-airport", "aliases": [ "YBS", "CKM8" ], "summary": "Opapimiskan Lake Airport 是位于加拿大安大略省 Opapimiskan Lake 的小型机场，IATA 代码为 YBS。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-transit", "category-aviation" ], "tags": [ "tag-airport" ], "sources": [ { "id": "ourairports", "title": "Airports dataset (airports.csv)", "author": "OurAirports", "url": "https://ourairports.com/data/airports.csv", "locator": "id 1211（CKM8）；type、名称、IATA 代码、GPS/local code、scheduled_service 及 municipality 字段" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-29T14:58:43+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T09:28:34+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 3, "body": "**Opapimiskan Lake Airport** 是位于加拿大安大略省 Opapimiskan Lake 的小型机场，IATA 代码为 YBS；当地机场代码为 CKM8，未提供定期航班服务。[^ourairports]", "url": "/places/opapimiskan-lake-airport.html", "lang": "it", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh" ], "placeKind": "airport", "coordinates": { "latitude": 52.6067008972, "longitude": -90.3768997192 }, "adminArea": "加拿大 · 安大略省 · Opapimiskan Lake" }, { "id": "place_rupsi_airport", "type": "place", "title": "Aeroporto di Rupsi", "slug": "rupsi-airport", "aliases": [ "RUP", "VERU" ], "summary": "Aeroporto di Rupsi (IATA/ICAO: RUP / VERU) è un aeroporto di piccole dimensioni al servizio di Rupsi, India. Si trova a circa 40 metri sul livello del mare ed è privo di voli di linea. Le coordinate sono 26.1419° N, 89.9079° E.[^ourairports]", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-transit", "category-aviation" ], "tags": [ "tag-airport" ], "sources": [ { "id": "ourairports", "title": "OurAirports 公开机场数据集", "author": "OurAirports", "url": "https://ourairports.com/data/" }, { "id": "enwiki", "title": "Rupsi Airport（英文维基百科）", "author": "Wikipedia", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rupsi_Airport" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-30T08:31:33+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-30T08:31:36+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 40, "body": "Aeroporto di Rupsi (IATA/ICAO: RUP / VERU) è un aeroporto di piccole dimensioni al servizio di Rupsi, India. Si trova a circa 40 metri sul livello del mare ed è privo di voli di linea. Le coordinate sono 26.1419° N, 89.9079° E.[^ourairports]", "url": "/places/rupsi-airport.html", "lang": "it", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "ar", "de", "en", "es", "fr", "hi", "id", "it", "ja", "ko", "ms", "nl", "pt", "ru", "th", "tr", "vi", "zh-hant" ], "placeKind": "airport", "coordinates": { "latitude": 26.141867, "longitude": 89.907892 }, "adminArea": "India" }, { "id": "place_us_vt_bridport", "type": "place", "title": "Bridport", "slug": "vt-bridport", "summary": "Bridport是美国佛蒙特州阿迪森县的镇。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-geography" ], "tags": [ "tag-admin-division" ], "sources": [ { "id": "geonames", "title": "GeoNames US dataset (US.txt / admin2Codes.txt)", "url": "https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/US.zip" }, { "id": "census2020", "title": "2020 Census Gazetteer Files: County Subdivisions", "author": "U.S. Census Bureau", "date": "2020", "url": "https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2020_Gazetteer/2020_Gaz_cousubs_national.zip", "locator": "GEOID 5000108575, Bridport town" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-29T11:26:19+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T09:26:51+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 4, "body": "**Bridport**是美国[[place_us_vt|佛蒙特州]][[place_us_vt_addison_county|阿迪森县]]的镇[^census2020]。", "url": "/places/vt-bridport.html", "lang": "it", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "placeKind": "town", "coordinates": { "latitude": 43.981724, "longitude": -73.331937 }, "adminArea": "美国 · 佛蒙特州 · Bridport" }, { "id": "place_us_ar_beedeville", "type": "place", "title": "Beedeville", "slug": "ar-beedeville", "summary": "Beedeville是美国阿肯色州杰克逊县的镇。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-geography" ], "tags": [ "tag-admin-division" ], "sources": [ { "id": "geonames", "title": "GeoNames US dataset (US.txt / admin2Codes.txt)", "url": "https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/US.zip" }, { "id": "census2020", "title": "2020 Census Gazetteer Files: Places", "author": "U.S. Census Bureau", "date": "2020", "url": "https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2020_Gazetteer/2020_Gaz_place_national.txt", "locator": "GEOID 0504720, Beedeville town" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-29T10:44:41+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T09:26:50+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 4, "body": "**Beedeville**是美国[[place_us_ar|阿肯色州]][[place_us_ar_jackson_county|杰克逊县]]的镇[^census2020]。", "url": "/places/ar-beedeville.html", "lang": "it", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "placeKind": "town", "coordinates": { "latitude": 35.429169, "longitude": -91.110738 }, "adminArea": "美国 · 阿肯色州 · Beedeville" }, { "id": "place_us_ut_salt_lake_city_avenues", "type": "place", "title": "大道区", "slug": "ut-salt-lake-city-avenues", "aliases": [ "The Avenues" ], "summary": "大道区（The Avenues）是美国犹他州盐湖城的一处社区。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-geography" ], "tags": [], "sources": [ { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "大道区（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%81%93%E5%8C%BA", "locator": "导语；社区名称及其与盐湖城的关系" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-29T03:03:07+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T09:26:50+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 5, "body": "**大道区**（The Avenues）是美国犹他州盐湖城的一处社区[^zhwiki]。", "url": "/places/ut-salt-lake-city-avenues.html", "lang": "it", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "placeKind": "neighborhood", "coordinates": { "latitude": 40.778, "longitude": -111.869 }, "adminArea": "美国 · 犹他州 · 盐湖城 · 大道区" }, { "id": "place_us_ar_western_grove", "type": "place", "title": "Western Grove", "slug": "ar-western-grove", "summary": "Western Grove 是位于美国阿肯色州牛顿县的聚落。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-geography" ], "tags": [], "sources": [ { "id": "geonames", "title": "GeoNames US dataset (US.txt / admin2Codes.txt)", "url": "https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/US.zip", "locator": "US.txt：geonameid 4135950；admin2Codes.txt：阿肯色州牛顿县代码" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-29T10:45:46+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T09:26:49+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 4, "body": "**Western Grove** 是位于美国[[place_us_ar|阿肯色州]][[place_us_ar_newton_county|牛顿县]]的聚落[^geonames]。", "url": "/places/ar-western-grove.html", "lang": "it", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "placeKind": "populated_place", "coordinates": { "latitude": 36.10091, "longitude": -92.95378 }, "adminArea": "美国 · 阿肯色州 · Western Grove" }, { "id": "place_us_ok_salem_50353", "type": "place", "title": "Salem", "slug": "ok-salem-50353", "summary": "Salem 是位于美国俄克拉何马州奥克马尔吉县的聚落。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-geography" ], "tags": [], "sources": [ { "id": "geonames", "title": "GeoNames US dataset (US.txt / admin2Codes.txt)", "url": "https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/US.zip", "locator": "US.txt：geonameid 4550353；admin2Codes.txt：俄克拉何马州奥克马尔吉县代码" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-29T11:00:27+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T09:26:35+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 4, "body": "**Salem** 是位于美国[[place_us_ok|俄克拉何马州]][[place_us_ok_okmulgee_county|奥克马尔吉县]]的聚落[^geonames]。", "url": "/places/ok-salem-50353.html", "lang": "it", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "placeKind": "populated_place", "coordinates": { "latitude": 35.38399, "longitude": -95.92861 }, "adminArea": "美国 · 俄克拉何马州 · Salem" }, { "id": "place_us_la_urania", "type": "place", "title": "Urania", "slug": "la-urania", "summary": "Urania 是位于美国路易斯安那州拉萨尔堂区的聚落。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-geography" ], "tags": [], "sources": [ { "id": "geonames", "title": "GeoNames US dataset (US.txt / admin2Codes.txt)", "url": "https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/US.zip", "locator": "US.txt：geonameid 4344414；admin2Codes.txt：路易斯安那州拉萨尔堂区代码" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-29T10:53:31+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T09:26:21+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 4, "body": "**Urania** 是位于美国[[place_us_la|路易斯安那州]][[place_us_la_lasalle_county|拉萨尔堂区]]的聚落[^geonames]。", "url": "/places/la-urania.html", "lang": "it", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "placeKind": "populated_place", "coordinates": { "latitude": 31.86378, "longitude": -92.29597 }, "adminArea": "美国 · 路易斯安那州 · Urania" }, { "id": "place_us_nd_sibley", "type": "place", "title": "西布利", "slug": "nd-sibley", "aliases": [ "Sibley" ], "summary": "西布利（Sibley）是位于美国北达科他州巴恩斯县的聚落。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-geography" ], "tags": [], "sources": [ { "id": "geonames", "title": "GeoNames US dataset (US.txt / admin2Codes.txt)", "url": "https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/US.zip", "locator": "US.txt：geonameid 5061890；admin2Codes.txt：北达科他州巴恩斯县代码" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-29T11:16:39+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T09:26:04+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 4, "body": "**西布利**（Sibley）是位于美国[[place_us_nd|北达科他州]][[place_us_nd_barnes_county|巴恩斯县]]的聚落[^geonames]。", "url": "/places/nd-sibley.html", "lang": "it", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "placeKind": "populated_place", "coordinates": { "latitude": 47.21721, "longitude": -97.96454 }, "adminArea": "美国 · 北达科他州 · 西布利" }, { "id": "place_us_co_gunbarrel", "type": "place", "title": "Gunbarrel", "slug": "co-gunbarrel", "summary": "Gunbarrel 是位于美国科罗拉多州博尔德县的聚落。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-geography" ], "tags": [], "sources": [ { "id": "geonames", "title": "GeoNames US dataset (US.txt / admin2Codes.txt)", "url": "https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/US.zip", "locator": "US.txt：geonameid 7261393；admin2Codes.txt：科罗拉多州博尔德县代码" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-29T11:39:28+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T09:25:44+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 4, "body": "**Gunbarrel** 是位于美国[[place_us_co|科罗拉多州]][[place_us_co_boulder_county|博尔德县]]的聚落[^geonames]。", "url": "/places/co-gunbarrel.html", "lang": "it", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "placeKind": "populated_place", "coordinates": { "latitude": 40.06335, "longitude": -105.17107 }, "adminArea": "美国 · 科罗拉多州 · Gunbarrel" }, { "id": "place_us_tx_oakwood", "type": "place", "title": "Oakwood", "slug": "tx-oakwood", "summary": "Oakwood 是位于美国得克萨斯州莱昂县的聚落。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-geography" ], "tags": [], "sources": [ { "id": "geonames", "title": "GeoNames US dataset (US.txt / admin2Codes.txt)", "url": "https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/US.zip", "locator": "US.txt：geonameid 4716050；admin2Codes.txt：得克萨斯州莱昂县代码" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-29T11:04:16+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T09:25:23+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 4, "body": "**Oakwood** 是位于美国[[place_us_tx|得克萨斯州]][[place_us_tx_leon_county|莱昂县]]的聚落[^geonames]。", "url": "/places/tx-oakwood.html", "lang": "it", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "placeKind": "populated_place", "coordinates": { "latitude": 31.5849, "longitude": -95.84913 }, "adminArea": "美国 · 得克萨斯州 · Oakwood" }, { "id": "place_us_or_parkdale", "type": "place", "title": "Parkdale", "slug": "or-parkdale", "summary": "Parkdale是美国俄勒冈州胡德里弗县的普查指定地区。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-geography" ], "tags": [ "tag-admin-division" ], "sources": [ { "id": "geonames", "title": "GeoNames US dataset (US.txt / admin2Codes.txt)", "url": "https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/US.zip" }, { "id": "census2020", "title": "2020 Census Gazetteer Files: Places", "author": "U.S. Census Bureau", "date": "2020", "url": "https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2020_Gazetteer/2020_Gaz_place_national.txt", "locator": "GEOID 4156500, Parkdale CDP" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-29T11:36:08+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T09:24:33+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 4, "body": "**Parkdale**是美国[[place_us_or|俄勒冈州]][[place_us_or_hood_river_county|胡德里弗县]]的普查指定地区[^census2020]。", "url": "/places/or-parkdale.html", "lang": "it", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "placeKind": "census_place", "coordinates": { "latitude": 45.513042, "longitude": -121.592076 }, "adminArea": "美国 · 俄勒冈州 · Parkdale" }, { "id": "place_us_ks_scott_city", "type": "place", "title": "Scott City", "slug": "ks-scott-city", "summary": "Scott City是美国堪萨斯州斯科特县的城市。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-geography" ], "tags": [ "tag-admin-division" ], "sources": [ { "id": "geonames", "title": "GeoNames US dataset (US.txt / admin2Codes.txt)", "url": "https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/US.zip" }, { "id": "census2020", "title": "2020 Census Gazetteer Files: Places", "author": "U.S. Census Bureau", "date": "2020", "url": "https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2020_Gazetteer/2020_Gaz_place_national.txt", "locator": "GEOID 2063600, Scott City city" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-29T11:32:03+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T09:24:32+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 4, "body": "**Scott City**是美国[[place_us_ks|堪萨斯州]][[place_us_ks_scott_county|斯科特县]]的城市[^census2020]。", "url": "/places/ks-scott-city.html", "lang": "it", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "placeKind": "city", "coordinates": { "latitude": 38.478872, "longitude": -100.903053 }, "adminArea": "美国 · 堪萨斯州 · Scott City" }, { "id": "place_us_ky_williamstown", "type": "place", "title": "Williamstown", "slug": "ky-williamstown", "summary": "Williamstown是美国肯塔基州格兰特县的城市。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-geography" ], "tags": [ "tag-admin-division" ], "sources": [ { "id": "geonames", "title": "GeoNames US dataset (US.txt / admin2Codes.txt)", "url": "https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/US.zip" }, { "id": "census2020", "title": "2020 Census Gazetteer Files: Places", "author": "U.S. Census Bureau", "date": "2020", "url": "https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2020_Gazetteer/2020_Gaz_place_national.txt", "locator": "GEOID 2183406, Williamstown city" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-29T10:52:43+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T09:24:31+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 4, "body": "**Williamstown**是美国[[place_us_ky|肯塔基州]][[place_us_ky_grant_county|格兰特县]]的城市[^census2020]。", "url": "/places/ky-williamstown.html", "lang": "it", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "placeKind": "city", "coordinates": { "latitude": 38.639811, "longitude": -84.572517 }, "adminArea": "美国 · 肯塔基州 · Williamstown" }, { "id": "place_cn_370602", "type": "place", "title": "芝罘区", "slug": "zhifu", "aliases": [ "Zhifu District" ], "previousSlugs": [ "zhifu-370602" ], "summary": "芝罘区是山东省烟台市下辖的市辖区。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-geography", "category-china-admin-divisions" ], "tags": [ "tag-admin-division" ], "sources": [ { "id": "mca2023", "title": "2023年中华人民共和国县以上行政区划代码（民政部）", "url": "https://www.mca.gov.cn/mzsj/xzqh/2023/202301xzqh.html", "locator": "代码 370602 芝罘区" }, { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q6501416", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6501416", "locator": "Q6501416；面积（P2046）与2020年人口（P1082）" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "芝罘区（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8A%9D%E7%BD%98%E5%8C%BA" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T09:24:07+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 6, "body": "**芝罘区**是山东省烟台市下辖的市辖区[^mca2023]。\n\n## 行政区划代码\n\n370602[^mca2023]\n\n## 面积与人口\n\n- 面积：179.18 平方公里[^wikidata]\n- 人口：87.7 万人（2020年）[^wikidata]", "url": "/places/zhifu.html", "lang": "it", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "disambiguation": "山东省烟台市", "placeKind": "市辖区", "coordinates": { "latitude": 37.536944, "longitude": 121.401389 }, "adminArea": "中华人民共和国·山东省·烟台市·芝罘区" }, { "id": "place_wuhan_hongshanlu", "type": "place", "title": "洪山路站", "slug": "wuhan-hongshanlu", "aliases": [ "Hongshan Road Station" ], "summary": "洪山路站是武汉市武昌区的武汉地铁8号线车站。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-transit", "category-urban-rail" ], "tags": [ "tag-metro", "tag-metro-station" ], "sources": [ { "id": "cptond", "title": "CPTOND-2025 — Wang, Liang 等 (CC BY 4.0)", "url": "https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.29377427.v2", "locator": "Wuhan/wuhan_metro_stops.shp; DBF rows 370,555; stop_id=BV11475174" }, { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q104663991", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104663991", "locator": "Q104663991；所在行政区与开通日期" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "洪山路站（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B4%AA%E5%B1%B1%E8%B7%AF%E7%AB%99" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-24T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T09:23:53+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 4, "body": "**洪山路站**是[[place_wuhan|武汉市]][[place_cn_420106|武昌区]]的[[concept_wuhan_metro_line_8|武汉地铁8号线]]车站[^cptond][^wikidata]。", "url": "/places/wuhan-hongshanlu.html", "lang": "it", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "placeKind": "metro_station", "coordinates": { "latitude": 30.5478483, "longitude": 114.338301 }, "adminArea": "中华人民共和国·湖北省·武汉市·武昌区", "established": { "year": 2021, "month": 1, "day": 2, "display": "2021年1月2日" } }, { "id": "place_us_ga_rhine", "type": "place", "title": "Rhine", "slug": "ga-rhine", "summary": "Rhine是美国佐治亚州道奇县的聚落。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-geography" ], "tags": [ "tag-admin-division" ], "sources": [ { "id": "geonames", "title": "GeoNames US dataset (US.txt / admin2Codes.txt)", "url": "https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/US.zip" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-29T10:48:37+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T09:23:18+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 4, "body": "**Rhine**是美国[[place_us_ga|佐治亚州]][[place_us_ga_dodge_county|道奇县]]的聚落[^geonames]。", "url": "/places/ga-rhine.html", "lang": "it", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "placeKind": "populated_place", "coordinates": { "latitude": 31.98962, "longitude": -83.20015 }, "adminArea": "美国 · 佐治亚州 · Rhine" }, { "id": "place_us_wa_duvall", "type": "place", "title": "杜瓦尔", "slug": "wa-duvall", "aliases": [ "Duvall" ], "summary": "杜瓦尔（Duvall）是美国华盛顿州金县的城市。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-geography" ], "tags": [ "tag-admin-division" ], "sources": [ { "id": "geonames", "title": "GeoNames US dataset (US.txt / admin2Codes.txt)", "url": "https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/US.zip" }, { "id": "census2020", "title": "2020 Census Gazetteer Files: Places", "author": "U.S. Census Bureau", "date": "2020", "url": "https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2020_Gazetteer/2020_Gaz_place_national.txt", "locator": "GEOID 5319035, Duvall city" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-29T11:37:01+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T09:23:17+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 4, "body": "**杜瓦尔**（Duvall）是美国[[place_us_wa|华盛顿州]][[place_us_wa_king_county|金县]]的城市[^census2020]。", "url": "/places/wa-duvall.html", "lang": "it", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "placeKind": "city", "coordinates": { "latitude": 47.735512, "longitude": -121.972224 }, "adminArea": "美国 · 华盛顿州 · 杜瓦尔" }, { "id": "place_us_ca_clio", "type": "place", "title": "克里奥", "slug": "ca-clio", "aliases": [ "Clio" ], "summary": "克里奥（Clio）是美国加利福尼亚州普卢默斯县的普查指定地区。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-geography" ], "tags": [ "tag-admin-division" ], "sources": [ { "id": "geonames", "title": "GeoNames US dataset (US.txt / admin2Codes.txt)", "url": "https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/US.zip" }, { "id": "census2020", "title": "2020 Census Gazetteer Files: Places", "author": "U.S. Census Bureau", "date": "2020", "url": "https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2020_Gazetteer/2020_Gaz_place_national.txt", "locator": "GEOID 0614106, Clio CDP" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-29T11:29:26+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T09:23:16+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 4, "body": "**克里奥**（Clio）是美国[[place_us_ca|加利福尼亚州]][[place_us_ca_plumas_county|普卢默斯县]]的普查指定地区[^census2020]。", "url": "/places/ca-clio.html", "lang": "it", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "placeKind": "census_place", "coordinates": { "latitude": 39.754217, "longitude": -120.566728 }, "adminArea": "美国 · 加利福尼亚州 · 克里奥" }, { "id": "place_us_tn_henry_county", "type": "place", "title": "亨利县", "slug": "tn-henry-county", "aliases": [ "Henry County" ], "summary": "亨利县（Henry County）是美国田纳西州下辖的县。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-geography" ], "tags": [ "tag-admin-division" ], "sources": [ { "id": "geonames", "title": "GeoNames US dataset (US.txt / admin2Codes.txt)", "url": "https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/US.zip" }, { "id": "census2020", "title": "2020 Census Gazetteer Files: Counties", "author": "U.S. Census Bureau", "date": "2020", "url": "https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2020_Gazetteer/2020_Gaz_counties_national.zip", "locator": "GEOID 47079, Henry County, Tennessee" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-29T10:18:08+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T09:23:15+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 4, "body": "**亨利县**（Henry County）是美国[[place_us_tn|田纳西州]]下辖的县，2020年美国人口普查 GEOID 为 47079[^census2020]。", "url": "/places/tn-henry-county.html", "lang": "it", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "placeKind": "county", "coordinates": { "latitude": 36.325295, "longitude": -88.300288 }, "adminArea": "美国 · 田纳西州 · 亨利县" }, { "id": "place_ketchikan_international_airport", "type": "place", "title": "克奇坎国际机场", "slug": "ketchikan-international-airport", "aliases": [ "KTN", "PAKT", "Ketchikan International Airport" ], "summary": "克奇坎国际机场是位于美国阿拉斯加州 Ketchikan 的中型机场，提供定期航班服务。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-transit", "category-aviation" ], "tags": [ "tag-airport" ], "sources": [ { "id": "ourairports", "title": "OurAirports 公开机场数据集", "author": "OurAirports", "url": "https://ourairports.com/data/", "locator": "airports.csv；记录 5382（PAKT）" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-29T14:28:41+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T09:23:07+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 3, "body": "**克奇坎国际机场**（Ketchikan International Airport）是位于美国阿拉斯加州 Ketchikan 的中型机场，IATA 代码 KTN，ICAO 代码 PAKT，提供定期航班，海拔约 27 米[^ourairports]。", "url": "/places/ketchikan-international-airport.html", "lang": "it", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh" ], "placeKind": "airport", "coordinates": { "latitude": 55.35559845, "longitude": -131.7140045 }, "adminArea": "美国 · 阿拉斯加州 · Ketchikan" }, { "id": "place_us_sc_chesterfield", "type": "place", "title": "切斯特菲尔德", "slug": "sc-chesterfield", "aliases": [ "Chesterfield" ], "summary": "切斯特菲尔德（Chesterfield）是美国南卡罗来纳州切斯特菲尔德县的镇。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-geography" ], "tags": [], "sources": [ { "id": "geonames", "title": "GeoNames US dataset (US.txt / admin2Codes.txt)", "url": "https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/US.zip" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-29T11:01:19+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T09:21:59+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 3, "body": "**切斯特菲尔德（Chesterfield）**是美国南卡罗来纳州切斯特菲尔德县的镇[^geonames]。", "url": "/places/sc-chesterfield.html", "lang": "it", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "placeKind": "town", "coordinates": { "latitude": 34.73599, "longitude": -80.08812 }, "adminArea": "美国 · 南卡罗来纳州 · 切斯特菲尔德" }, { "customFields": [ { "key": "isbn", "value": "9787559609502" } ], "id": "work_hnlib_823867cd9b89", "type": "work", "title": "葡萄牙的高山", "slug": "hnlib-book-pu-tao-ya-de-gao-shan", "summary": "扬·马特尔于 2016 年出版的长篇小说，以葡萄牙三段不同时期的人物故事为主线。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-literature" ], "tags": [], "sources": [ { "id": "online", "title": "葡萄牙的高山", "url": "https://reader.hnlib.com/Recommend/Detail/666", "locator": "海宁市图书馆推荐书目记录：作者署名、出版社、出版时间、ISBN与主题" }, { "id": "bookpage", "title": "The High Mountains of Portugal", "author": "Yann Martel", "url": "https://www.yannmartel.com/books/the-high-mountains-of-portugal", "locator": "2016 novel; synopsis and publication information" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-01T03:19:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T09:21:43+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 3, "body": "**《葡萄牙的高山》**是扬·马特尔于 2016 年出版的长篇小说[^bookpage]。\n\n## 内容\n\n小说由三个时代的故事构成：1904 年，一名博物馆馆员前往葡萄牙寻找一件特殊十字架；1938 年，一位病理学家为一名死者进行尸检；1981 年，一名加拿大参议员与一只黑猩猩搬到葡萄牙北部乡村[^bookpage]。\n\n## 中文版\n\n海宁市图书馆目录收录的中文译本由北京联合出版公司于 2017 年出版，版本资料见信息框[^online]。", "url": "/works/hnlib-book-pu-tao-ya-de-gao-shan.html", "lang": "it", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh" ], "workKind": "book", "medium": "长篇小说", "creators": [ "扬·马特尔" ] }, { "id": "place_us_mi_kalamazoo", "type": "place", "title": "卡拉马祖", "slug": "mi-kalamazoo", "aliases": [ "Kalamazoo" ], "summary": "卡拉马祖（Kalamazoo）是美国密歇根州卡拉马祖县的城市。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-geography" ], "tags": [ "tag-admin-division" ], "sources": [ { "id": "geonames", "title": "GeoNames US dataset (US.txt / admin2Codes.txt)", "url": "https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/US.zip" }, { "id": "census2020", "title": "2020 Census Gazetteer Files: Places", "author": "U.S. Census Bureau", "date": "2020", "url": "https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2020_Gazetteer/2020_Gaz_place_national.txt", "locator": "GEOID 2642160, Kalamazoo city" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-29T11:13:43+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T09:21:07+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 4, "body": "**卡拉马祖**（Kalamazoo）是美国[[place_us_mi|密歇根州]][[place_us_mi_kalamazoo_county|卡拉马祖县]]的城市[^census2020]。", "url": "/places/mi-kalamazoo.html", "lang": "it", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "placeKind": "city", "coordinates": { "latitude": 42.275163, "longitude": -85.588501 }, "adminArea": "美国 · 密歇根州 · 卡拉马祖" }, { "id": "place_chongqing_huanlegu", "type": "place", "title": "欢乐谷站", "slug": "chongqing-huanlegu", "aliases": [ "Happy Valley station" ], "summary": "欢乐谷站是重庆市的一座地铁车站。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-transit", "category-urban-rail" ], "tags": [ "tag-metro", "tag-metro-station" ], "sources": [ { "id": "cptond", "title": "CPTOND-2025 — Wang, Liang 等 (CC BY 4.0)", "url": "https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.29377427.v2", "locator": "Chongqing/chongqing_metro_stops.shp; DBF rows 305,404; stop_id=BV10426731" }, { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q28415041", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28415041" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-24T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T09:21:06+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 5, "body": "欢乐谷站是[[place_chongqing|重庆市]]的地铁车站[^cptond]。", "url": "/places/chongqing-huanlegu.html", "lang": "it", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "placeKind": "metro_station", "coordinates": { "latitude": 29.6718238, "longitude": 106.5050254 }, "established": { "year": 2015, "month": 2, "day": 28, "display": "2015年2月28日" } } ], "lang": "it", "pagination": { "page": 395, "pageSize": 50, "total": 50001, "pageCount": 1000, "prevUrl": "/it/search-394.json", "nextUrl": "/it/search-396.json" } }