红楼梦 URL: https://knowledge.ivjn.us/it/works/dream-red-chamber.html 《红楼梦》原名《石头记》，是清代曹雪芹创作前八十回的章回体长篇小说，与《三国演义》《水浒传》《西游记》并称中国古典四大名著。全书以贾、史、王、薛四大家族的兴衰为背景，以贾宝玉与林黛玉、薛宝钗的爱情婚姻悲剧为主线，最初以脂砚斋评本抄本流传，清乾隆五十六年（1791年）程伟元、高鹗首次排印一百二十回本。 ## 概述 《红楼梦》原名《石头记》，是清代[曹雪芹](https://knowledge.ivjn.us/it/people/cao-xueqin.html)创作前八十回的章回体长篇小说，与[《三国演义》](https://knowledge.ivjn.us/it/works/romance-three-kingdoms.html)、[《水浒传》](https://knowledge.ivjn.us/it/works/water-margin.html)、[《西游记》](https://knowledge.ivjn.us/it/works/journey-to-west.html)并称中国古典四大名著。全书以贾、史、王、薛四大家族的兴衰为背景，以贾宝玉与林黛玉、薛宝钗的爱情婚姻悲剧为主线，叙述贾府由盛转衰的过程，并借大观园中的闺阁日常与诗词活动刻画众多女性形象。[^zhwiki][^wikidata] ## 作者与成书 小说第一回自述经“披阅十载，增删五次”而成，稿本最初以《石头记》之名在小范围传抄，另有《情僧录》《风月宝鉴》《金陵十二钗》等题名。曹雪芹生前未能完成全书，今存抄本多题《脂砚斋重评石头记》，带脂砚斋、畸笏叟等人的批语，通称脂本。[^zhwiki] ## 版本 脂本系统中，甲戌本的过录底本年代最早，庚辰本抄得较早且较为完整，存七十八回，是整理本依据的主要底本。清乾隆五十六年（1791年），程伟元、高鹗首次以活字排印一百二十回本，通称程甲本；次年又修订排印，称程乙本，《红楼梦》自此有了广泛流传的印刷本。[^gmrb2][^zhwiki] 后四十回的作者自胡适考证以来长期被归于高鹗，20世纪后期以来这一说法受到质疑。人民文学出版社与中国艺术研究院红楼梦研究所商定，将整理本署名改为“前八十回曹雪芹著，后四十回无名氏续，程伟元、高鹗整理”，目前后四十回的续作者仍无定论。[^gmrb2] ## 内容与主题 小说前八十回由甄士隐、贾雨村引出贾府故事，写黛玉进府、元妃省亲、大观园结社、抄检大观园等情节，人物命运与家族盛衰交织，书中诗词曲赋常用来暗示人物结局。贾宝玉、林黛玉、薛宝钗、王熙凤、贾母等形象与“金陵十二钗”的判词结构，是全书最受关注的部分。[^zhwiki] ## 影响 围绕《红楼梦》的作者、版本与后四十回形成了专门的“红学”研究，它也是中国古典小说中被改编为戏曲、影视、绘画最多的作品之一。[^zhwiki] ## 主要人物 - [贾宝玉](https://knowledge.ivjn.us/it/people/jia-baoyu.html) - [林黛玉](https://knowledge.ivjn.us/it/people/lin-daiyu.html) - [薛宝钗](https://knowledge.ivjn.us/it/people/xue-baochai.html) - [王熙凤](https://knowledge.ivjn.us/it/people/wang-xifeng.html) - [贾母](https://knowledge.ivjn.us/it/people/grandmother-jia.html) - [史湘云](https://knowledge.ivjn.us/it/people/shi-xiangyun.html) - [妙玉](https://knowledge.ivjn.us/it/people/miao-yu.html) - [李纨](https://knowledge.ivjn.us/it/people/li-wan.html) - [秦可卿](https://knowledge.ivjn.us/it/people/qin-keqing.html) - [贾探春](https://knowledge.ivjn.us/it/people/jia-tanchun.html) - [贾惜春](https://knowledge.ivjn.us/it/people/jia-xichun.html) - [贾迎春](https://knowledge.ivjn.us/it/people/jia-yingchun.html) - [袭人](https://knowledge.ivjn.us/it/people/hua-xiren.html) - [晴雯](https://knowledge.ivjn.us/it/people/qing-wen.html) - [鸳鸯](https://knowledge.ivjn.us/it/people/jin-yuanyang.html) - [刘姥姥](https://knowledge.ivjn.us/it/people/granny-liu.html) 全书登场人物的完整列表见关系页面的“描绘”分组。 ## 参见 - [《三国演义》](https://knowledge.ivjn.us/it/works/romance-three-kingdoms.html) - [《水浒传》](https://knowledge.ivjn.us/it/works/water-margin.html) - [《西游记》](https://knowledge.ivjn.us/it/works/journey-to-west.html) - [曹雪芹](https://knowledge.ivjn.us/it/people/cao-xueqin.html) Updated: 2026-10-31 Tags: - Classici https://knowledge.ivjn.us/it/tags/classics.html - Cina antica https://knowledge.ivjn.us/it/tags/ancient-china.html - Quattro grandi romanzi classici https://knowledge.ivjn.us/it/tags/four-great-classics.html Relations: - Created by: 曹雪芹 https://knowledge.ivjn.us/it/people/cao-xueqin.html - Depicts: 宝珠 https://knowledge.ivjn.us/it/people/bao-zhu.html - Depicts: 尤三姐 https://knowledge.ivjn.us/it/people/you-sanjie.html - Depicts: 尤二姐 https://knowledge.ivjn.us/it/people/you-erjie.html - Depicts: 文官 https://knowledge.ivjn.us/it/people/wen-guan.html - Depicts: 柳五儿 https://knowledge.ivjn.us/it/people/liu-wu-er.html - Depicts: 柳家的 https://knowledge.ivjn.us/it/people/liu-jia-de.html - Depicts: 柳湘莲 https://knowledge.ivjn.us/it/people/liu-xianglian.html - Depicts: 焦大 https://knowledge.ivjn.us/it/people/jiao-da.html - Depicts: 甄宝玉 https://knowledge.ivjn.us/it/people/zhen-baoyu.html - Depicts: 碧痕 https://knowledge.ivjn.us/it/people/bi-hen.html - Exemplifies concepts: 四大名著 https://knowledge.ivjn.us/it/concepts/four-great-classics.html (四大名著之一) Mentioned in: - 四大名著 https://knowledge.ivjn.us/it/concepts/four-great-classics.html - 宝珠 https://knowledge.ivjn.us/it/people/bao-zhu.html - 尤三姐 https://knowledge.ivjn.us/it/people/you-sanjie.html - 尤二姐 https://knowledge.ivjn.us/it/people/you-erjie.html - 文官 https://knowledge.ivjn.us/it/people/wen-guan.html - 柳五儿 https://knowledge.ivjn.us/it/people/liu-wu-er.html - 柳家的 https://knowledge.ivjn.us/it/people/liu-jia-de.html - 柳湘莲 https://knowledge.ivjn.us/it/people/liu-xianglian.html - 焦大 https://knowledge.ivjn.us/it/people/jiao-da.html - 甄宝玉 https://knowledge.ivjn.us/it/people/zhen-baoyu.html Sources: - Wikidata Q8265 https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8265 - 红楼梦（中文维基百科） https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BA%A2%E6%A5%BC%E6%A2%A6 - 红楼梦（维基文库） https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E7%B4%85%E6%A8%93%E5%A4%A2 - 新版《红楼梦》续写者变为无名氏 https://epaper.gmw.cn/wzb/html/2018-02/27/nw.D110000wzb_20180227_2-06.htm