{
  "contentStorage": "postgres",
  "title": "西游记",
  "description": "《西游记》是明代的一百回章回体长篇神魔小说，与《三国演义》《水浒传》《红楼梦》并称中国古典四大名著。全书以唐代玄奘西行取经为蓝本，叙述孙悟空出世、大闹天宫与唐僧师徒西行历难求取真经的故事，现存最早刊本是明万历二十年（1592年）金陵世德堂本《新刻出像官板大字西游记》，作者一般署为吴承恩。",
  "url": "/it/works/journey-to-west.html",
  "entity": {
    "id": "work_cn_q70784",
    "type": "work",
    "title": "西游记",
    "slug": "journey-to-west",
    "aliases": [
      "Journey to the West"
    ],
    "previousSlugs": [
      "journey-to-west-q70784"
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    "summary": "《西游记》是明代的一百回章回体长篇神魔小说，与《三国演义》《水浒传》《红楼梦》并称中国古典四大名著。全书以唐代玄奘西行取经为蓝本，叙述孙悟空出世、大闹天宫与唐僧师徒西行历难求取真经的故事，现存最早刊本是明万历二十年（1592年）金陵世德堂本《新刻出像官板大字西游记》，作者一般署为吴承恩。",
    "status": "published",
    "categories": [
      "category-literature",
      "category-classical-fiction"
    ],
    "tags": [
      "tag-classics",
      "tag-ancient-china",
      "tag-four-great-classics"
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "id": "wikidata",
        "title": "Wikidata Q70784",
        "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q70784"
      },
      {
        "id": "zhwiki",
        "title": "西游记（中文维基百科）",
        "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%B8%B8%E8%AE%B0"
      },
      {
        "id": "wikisource",
        "title": "西游记（维基文库）",
        "url": "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%B8%B8%E8%A8%98"
      },
      {
        "id": "gmrb",
        "title": "小说里的中国传统",
        "author": "光明日报",
        "date": "2018-11-26",
        "url": "https://epaper.gmw.cn/gmrb/images/2018-11/26/13/wxycjGM13B20181126B.pdf"
      }
    ],
    "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00",
    "updatedAt": "2026-10-31T23:15:00+08:00",
    "updatedBy": "user:admin",
    "revision": 5,
    "body": "## 概述\n\n《西游记》是明代的一百回章回体长篇神魔小说，与[[work_cn_q70806|《三国演义》]]、[[work_cn_q70827|《水浒传》]]、[[work_cn_q8265|《红楼梦》]]并称中国古典四大名著。全书以唐代玄奘西行取经的史实为蓝本，写孙悟空出世、学艺与大闹天宫，继而叙述唐僧带领孙悟空、猪八戒、沙僧与白龙马西行，历经八十一难抵达灵山取回真经、五圣成真的故事。[^zhwiki][^wikidata]\n\n## 作者与成书\n\n故事素材经历了长期积累：玄奘取经的事迹在唐以后演为笔记、变文、杂剧与平话，宋元时期已出现多种以取经为题材的作品。今见《西游记》的最早刊本为明万历二十年（1592年）金陵世德堂梓行的《新刻出像官板大字西游记》，此本未署作者姓名，只题“华阳洞天主人校”，陈元之《序》明言“不知其何人所为”。20世纪20年代，鲁迅、胡适据《淮安府志》等记载考定此书为淮安[[person_cn_q228889|吴承恩]]所作，“吴著”说此后长期居于主流；1980年代以来，陆续有学者提出质疑，作者归属至今仍有争议。[^gmrb][^zhwiki]\n\n## 内容\n\n全书大致可分为三部分：前七回写孙悟空出世、求仙学道与大闹天宫；第八回至第十二回交代取经缘起与唐僧身世；第十三回以后写取经途中降妖伏魔的历难历程。书中把神魔世界与人间世态交织在一起，孙悟空、猪八戒、唐僧等形象以及“大闹天宫”“三打白骨精”“真假美猴王”等情节流传最广。[^zhwiki]\n\n## 版本\n\n明代刊本有世德堂本、杨闽斋本、《李卓吾先生批评西游记》等，清代又有多种刊本与抄本，并出现了《西游证道书》等删改评点本。20世纪以来，以世德堂本为底本整理的排印本最为通行。[^zhwiki]\n\n## 影响\n\n《西游记》被视为中国古代神魔小说的高峰，对后世小说、戏曲、说唱与民间信仰影响深远，孙悟空的形象在各地演为独立的信仰与民俗。全书广泛流传于日本、朝鲜半岛、越南等汉文文化圈，并被大量改编为戏曲、影视、动画、漫画与游戏作品。[^zhwiki]\n\n## 参见\n\n- [[work_cn_q70806|《三国演义》]]\n- [[work_cn_q70827|《水浒传》]]\n- [[work_cn_q8265|《红楼梦》]]\n- [[person_cn_q228889|吴承恩]]\n- [[person_cn_q11500143|齐天大圣]]",
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    "workKind": "book",
    "medium": "章回体长篇神魔小说",
    "published": {
      "year": 1592,
      "precision": "year",
      "display": "明万历二十年（1592年）"
    },
    "language": "中文",
    "creators": [
      "吴承恩"
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    {
      "id": "tag-classics",
      "slug": "classics",
      "name": "Classici",
      "description": "Opere classiche e romanzi della Cina premoderna.",
      "names": {
        "ar": "كلاسيكيات",
        "de": "Klassiker",
        "en": "Classics",
        "es": "Clásicos",
        "fr": "Classiques",
        "hi": "शास्त्रीय कृतियाँ",
        "id": "Karya klasik",
        "it": "Classici",
        "ja": "古典名著",
        "ko": "고전 명저",
        "ms": "Karya klasik",
        "nl": "Klassiekers",
        "pt": "Clássicos",
        "ru": "Классика",
        "th": "วรรณกรรมคลาสสิก",
        "tr": "Klasik eserler",
        "vi": "Tác phẩm cổ điển",
        "zh": "古典名著",
        "zh-hant": "古典名著"
      },
      "descriptions": {
        "ar": "الأعمال الكلاسيكية والروايات في الصين ما قبل الحديثة.",
        "de": "Klassische Werke und Romane des vormodernen China.",
        "en": "Classic works and novels of pre-modern China.",
        "es": "Obras clásicas y novelas de la China premoderna.",
        "fr": "Œuvres classiques et romans de la Chine prémoderne.",
        "hi": "पूर्व-आधुनिक चीन की शास्त्रीय कृतियाँ और उपन्यास।",
        "id": "Karya klasik dan novel Tiongkok pra-modern.",
        "it": "Opere classiche e romanzi della Cina premoderna.",
        "ja": "中国古代の古典的な著作と小説。",
        "ko": "중국 고대의 고전 저술과 소설.",
        "ms": "Karya klasik dan novel China pramoden.",
        "nl": "Klassieke werken en romans uit het premoderne China.",
        "pt": "Obras clássicas e romances da China pré-moderna.",
        "ru": "Классические произведения и романы традиционного Китая.",
        "th": "วรรณกรรมและนวนิยายคลาสสิกของจีนก่อนยุคใหม่",
        "tr": "Modern öncesi Çin'in klasik eserleri ve romanları.",
        "vi": "Các tác phẩm và tiểu thuyết cổ điển của Trung Quốc tiền hiện đại.",
        "zh": "中国古代经典著作与小说。",
        "zh-hant": "中國古代經典著作與小說。"
      },
      "count": 1077
    },
    {
      "id": "tag-ancient-china",
      "slug": "ancient-china",
      "name": "Cina antica",
      "description": "Storia, personaggi e divisioni amministrative dall'epoca pre-Qin alla dinastia Qing.",
      "names": {
        "ar": "الصين القديمة",
        "de": "Das alte China",
        "en": "Ancient China",
        "es": "China antigua",
        "fr": "Chine ancienne",
        "hi": "प्राचीन चीन",
        "id": "Tiongkok kuno",
        "it": "Cina antica",
        "ja": "中国古代",
        "ko": "중국 고대",
        "ms": "China purba",
        "nl": "Het oude China",
        "pt": "China antiga",
        "ru": "Древний Китай",
        "th": "จีนโบราณ",
        "tr": "Antik Çin",
        "vi": "Trung Quốc cổ đại",
        "zh": "中国古代",
        "zh-hant": "中國古代"
      },
      "descriptions": {
        "ar": "التاريخ والشخصيات والتقسيمات الإدارية من عصر ما قبل تشين إلى أسرة تشينغ.",
        "de": "Geschichte, Personen und Verwaltungsgliederung von der Zeit vor Qin bis zur Qing-Dynastie.",
        "en": "History, people and administrative divisions from the pre-Qin era to the Qing dynasty.",
        "es": "Historia, personajes y divisiones administrativas desde la era pre-Qin hasta la dinastía Qing.",
        "fr": "Histoire, personnages et divisions administratives de l'époque pré-Qin à la dynastie Qing.",
        "hi": "चिन-पूर्व काल से चिंग राजवंश तक का इतिहास, व्यक्ति और प्रशासनिक विभाजन।",
        "id": "Sejarah, tokoh, dan pembagian administratif dari era pra-Qin hingga Dinasti Qing.",
        "it": "Storia, personaggi e divisioni amministrative dall'epoca pre-Qin alla dinastia Qing.",
        "ja": "先秦から清代までの歴史・人物・行政区画。",
        "ko": "先秦부터 청대까지의 역사·인물·행정 구역.",
        "ms": "Sejarah, tokoh dan bahagian pentadbiran dari zaman pra-Qin hingga Dinasti Qing.",
        "nl": "Geschiedenis, personen en bestuurlijke indeling van de pre-Qin-periode tot de Qing-dynastie.",
        "pt": "História, personagens e divisões administrativas da era pré-Qin até à dinastia Qing.",
        "ru": "История, персоналии и административное деление от доциньской эпохи до династии Цин.",
        "th": "ประวัติศาสตร์ บุคคล และเขตการปกครองตั้งแต่ยุคก่อนฉินจนถึงราชวงศ์ชิง",
        "tr": "Qin öncesi dönemden Qing hanedanına kadar tarih, kişiler ve idari bölümler.",
        "vi": "Lịch sử, nhân vật và đơn vị hành chính từ thời Tiền Tần đến nhà Thanh.",
        "zh": "先秦至清代的历史、人物与政区。",
        "zh-hant": "先秦至清代的歷史、人物與政區。"
      },
      "count": 1097
    },
    {
      "id": "tag-four-great-classics",
      "slug": "four-great-classics",
      "name": "Quattro grandi romanzi classici",
      "description": "Il sogno della camera rossa, Il romanzo dei Tre Regni, I briganti, Il viaggio in Occidente e i loro personaggi.",
      "names": {
        "ar": "الروايات الكلاسيكية الأربع العظيمة",
        "de": "Vier klassische Romane",
        "en": "Four Great Classical Novels",
        "es": "Cuatro grandes novelas clásicas",
        "fr": "Quatre grands romans classiques",
        "hi": "चार महान शास्त्रीय उपन्यास",
        "id": "Empat Novel Klasik Besar",
        "it": "Quattro grandi romanzi classici",
        "ja": "中国四大名著",
        "ko": "중국 4대 명저",
        "ms": "Empat Novel Klasik Agung",
        "nl": "Vier grote klassieke romans",
        "pt": "Quatro grandes romances clássicos",
        "ru": "Четыре классических романа",
        "th": "สี่สุดยอดวรรณกรรมคลาสสิก",
        "tr": "Dört Büyük Klasik Roman",
        "vi": "Tứ đại danh tác",
        "zh": "四大名著",
        "zh-hant": "四大名著"
      },
      "descriptions": {
        "ar": "حلم المقصورة الحمراء، ورومانسية الممالك الثلاث، وعلى ضفاف الماء، ورحلة إلى الغرب وشخصياتها.",
        "de": "Der Traum der Roten Kammer, Die Geschichte der Drei Reiche, Die Räuber vom Liang-Schan-Moor, Die Reise nach Westen und ihre Figuren.",
        "en": "Dream of the Red Chamber, Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Water Margin, Journey to the West, and their characters.",
        "es": "Sueño en el pabellón rojo, Romance de los Tres Reinos, A la orilla del agua, Viaje al Oeste y sus personajes.",
        "fr": "Le Rêve dans le pavillon rouge, Les Trois Royaumes, Au bord de l'eau, La Pérégrination vers l'Ouest et leurs personnages.",
        "hi": "रेड चैंबर का सपना, तीन राज्यों का रोमांस, वॉटर मार्जिन, पश्चिम की यात्रा और उनके पात्र।",
        "id": "Impian Paviliun Merah, Kisah Tiga Negara, Batas Air, Perjalanan ke Barat, dan tokoh-tokohnya.",
        "it": "Il sogno della camera rossa, Il romanzo dei Tre Regni, I briganti, Il viaggio in Occidente e i loro personaggi.",
        "ja": "『紅楼夢』『三国志演義』『水滸伝』『西遊記』とその登場人物。",
        "ko": "《홍루몽》《삼국지연의》《수호전》《서유기》와 그 등장인물.",
        "ms": "Impian Bilik Merah, Kisah Tiga Kerajaan, Batas Air, Perjalanan ke Barat dan watak-wataknya.",
        "nl": "De droom van de rode kamer, De Drie Koninkrijken, De waterkant, De reis naar het westen en hun personages.",
        "pt": "O Sonho da Câmara Vermelha, Romance dos Três Reinos, À Beira d'Água, Jornada ao Oeste e seus personagens.",
        "ru": "«Сон в красном тереме», «Троецарствие», «Речные заводи», «Путешествие на Запад» и их персонажи.",
        "th": "ความฝันในหอแดง สามก๊ก ซ้องกั๋ง ไซอิ๋ว และตัวละครในเรื่อง",
        "tr": "Kızıl Köşkün Rüyası, Üç Krallık Romansı, Su Kenarı, Batıya Yolculuk ve karakterleri.",
        "vi": "Hồng lâu mộng, Tam quốc diễn nghĩa, Thủy hử, Tây du ký và các nhân vật.",
        "zh": "《红楼梦》《三国演义》《水浒传》《西游记》及其人物。",
        "zh-hant": "《紅樓夢》《三國演義》《水滸傳》《西遊記》及其人物。"
      },
      "count": 572
    }
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