--- { "aliases": [ "Nobel Prize 1991", "1991诺贝尔奖" ], "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "categories": [ "category-awards" ], "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00", "fallback": true, "id": "work_nobel_prize_1991", "lang": "it", "language": "中文", "published": { "precision": "year", "year": 1991 }, "rankingColumns": [ { "key": "motivation", "label": "获奖理由" }, { "key": "affiliation", "label": "获奖时所属机构" } ], "rankingEntries": [ { "entityId": "person_nobel_141", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for discovering that methods developed for studying order phenomena in simple systems can be generalized to more complex forms of matter, in particular to liquid crystals and polymers" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "Collège de France" } ], "name": "皮埃尔-吉勒·德热纳", "sourceId": "s1", "tier": "physics" }, { "entityId": "person_nobel_276", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for his contributions to the development of the methodology of high resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology)" } ], "name": "理查德·恩斯特", "sourceId": "s2", "tier": "chemistry" }, { "entityId": "person_nobel_444", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for their discoveries concerning the function of single ion channels in cells" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "Max-Planck-Institut für Biophysikalische Chemie" } ], "name": "厄温·内尔", "sourceId": "s3", "tier": "medicine" }, { "entityId": "person_nobel_445", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for their discoveries concerning the function of single ion channels in cells" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "Max-Planck-Institut für medizinische Forschung" } ], "name": "伯特·萨克曼", "sourceId": "s3", "tier": "medicine" }, { "entityId": "person_nobel_668", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "who through her magnificent epic writing has - in the words of Alfred Nobel - been of very great benefit to humanity" } ], "name": "内丁·戈迪默", "sourceId": "s4", "tier": "literature" }, { "entityId": "person_nobel_707", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for his discovery and clarification of the significance of transaction costs and property rights for the institutional structure and functioning of the economy" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "University of Chicago" } ], "name": "罗纳德·科斯", "sourceId": "s5", "tier": "economics" } ], "rankingTiers": [ { "id": "physics", "label": "诺贝尔物理学奖" }, { "id": "chemistry", "label": "诺贝尔化学奖" }, { "id": "medicine", "label": "诺贝尔生理学或医学奖" }, { "id": "literature", "label": "诺贝尔文学奖" }, { "id": "economics", "label": "瑞典中央银行纪念阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔经济学奖" } ], "revision": 4, "slug": "nobel-prize-1991", "sourceLang": "zh", "sources": [ { "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "id": "s1", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1991", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1991/summary/" }, { "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "id": "s2", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1991", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1991/summary/" }, { "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "id": "s3", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1991", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1991/summary/" }, { "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "id": "s4", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1991", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1991/summary/" }, { "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "id": "s5", "title": "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1991", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/1991/summary/" } ], "status": "published", "summary": "1991 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 5 个奖项、6 位得主，获奖名单在 1991-10-03 至 1991-10-16 陆续公布：诺贝尔物理学奖 1 位，诺贝尔化学奖 1 位，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 2 位，诺贝尔文学奖 1 位，瑞典中央银行纪念阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔经济学奖 1 位。", "tags": [ "tag-nobel-prize" ], "title": "1991 年诺贝尔奖", "type": "work", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:32:05+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "workKind": "ranking_list" } --- # 1991 年诺贝尔奖 1991 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 5 个奖项、6 位得主，获奖名单在 1991-10-03 至 1991-10-16 陆续公布：诺贝尔物理学奖 1 位，诺贝尔化学奖 1 位，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 2 位，诺贝尔文学奖 1 位，瑞典中央银行纪念阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔经济学奖 1 位。 **1991 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 1991-10-03 至 1991-10-16 陆续公布[^s1]。 ## 本年度获奖情况 | 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 | | --- | --- | ---: | | 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 1991-10-16 | 1 | | 诺贝尔化学奖 | 1991-10-16 | 1 | | 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 | 1991-10-07 | 2 | | 诺贝尔文学奖 | 1991-10-03 | 1 | | 瑞典中央银行纪念阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔经济学奖 | 1991-10-15 | 1 | 得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。 ## 参见 [诺贝尔奖](/it/concepts/nobel-prize.html)、[诺贝尔基金会](/it/organizations/nobel-foundation.html) 更新时间：2026-11-01 ## 标签 ## 关系 - Published by：[诺贝尔基金会](/it/organizations/nobel-foundation.html) - Previous edition：[1990 年诺贝尔奖](/it/works/nobel-prize-1990.html) - Next edition：[1992 年诺贝尔奖](/it/works/nobel-prize-1992.html) 第 1 / 1 页，共 3 条。 ## 正文反向链接 - [皮埃尔-吉勒·德热纳](/it/people/pierre-gilles-de-gennes.html) - [理查德·恩斯特](/it/people/richard-r-ernst.html) - [厄温·内尔](/it/people/erwin-neher.html) - [伯特·萨克曼](/it/people/bert-sakmann.html) - [内丁·戈迪默](/it/people/nadine-gordimer.html) - [罗纳德·科斯](/it/people/ronald-h-coase.html) ## 来源 - The Nobel Prize in Physics 1991：https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1991/summary/ - The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1991：https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1991/summary/ - The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1991：https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1991/summary/ - The Nobel Prize in Literature 1991：https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1991/summary/ - The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1991：https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/1991/summary/