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  "description": "软件工程是把系统化、有纪律、可量化的方法用于软件的开发、运行和维护，也就是把工程应用于软件。",
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    "summary": "软件工程是把系统化、有纪律、可量化的方法用于软件的开发、运行和维护，也就是把工程应用于软件。",
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        "title": "Guide to the Software Engineering Body of Knowledge (SWEBOK Guide) v4.0a",
        "author": "Hironori Washizaki (ed.), IEEE Computer Society",
        "date": "2026-08",
        "url": "https://ieeecs-media.computer.org/media/education/swebok/swebok-v4.pdf",
        "locator": "Introduction; Table I.1; Table I.2; Appendix B"
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    "body": "ISO/IEC/IEEE 系统与软件工程词汇把软件工程定义为：把系统化、有纪律、可量化的方法用于软件的开发、运行和维护，也就是把工程应用于软件。同一种词汇把软件定义为计算机程序、规程，以及可能与之相关的、属于计算机系统运行的文档和数据。指南还记下历史上的其他定义，并指出它们的共同点是都处理软件的开发与维护。[^s1]\n\n软件工程处于计算机科学与技术的数学和物理学科，以及把这些发现用于特定应用领域的工作之间。科学旨在发现；工程把知识用于在有限资源下成本有效地解决现实问题。指南因此把计算机科学和工程中的相关理论收进三个基础知识域，其余知识域则收录软件工程的实践和工程经济学。软件工程与计算机科学相关但不同，正如化学工程与化学相关但不同。[^s1]\n\nSWEBOK Guide 不是知识本体。知识本体存在于已出版文献中。指南的目的是描述其中普遍接受的部分、加以组织，并提供主题入口。它的五项目标是：促成国际上一致的软件工程观点；划定学科范围，并说明它相对于计算机科学、项目管理、计算机工程和数学等学科的位置；刻画学科内容；提供软件工程知识体系的主题入口；为课程开发以及个人认证和执照材料提供基础。[^s1]\n\n第 1 至 15 章是软件工程知识域，第 16 至 18 章是基础知识域。指南承认十一个相关学科，但不把刻画这些学科的知识当作自己的目标：业务分析、计算机工程、计算机科学、网络安全、数据科学、一般管理、信息系统与技术、数学、项目管理、质量管理、系统工程。[^s1]\n\n知识域：\n\n- [[concept_software_requirements|软件需求]]\n- [[concept_software_architecture|软件架构]]\n- [[concept_software_design|软件设计]]\n- [[concept_software_construction|软件构造]]\n- [[concept_software_testing|软件测试]]\n- [[concept_software_engineering_operations|软件工程运行]]\n- [[concept_software_maintenance|软件维护]]\n- [[concept_software_configuration_management|软件配置管理]]\n- [[concept_software_engineering_management|软件工程管理]]\n- [[concept_software_engineering_process|软件工程过程]]\n- [[concept_software_engineering_models_and_methods|软件工程模型与方法]]\n- [[concept_software_quality|软件质量]]\n- [[concept_software_security|软件安全]]\n- [[concept_software_engineering_professional_practice|软件工程职业实践]]\n- [[concept_software_engineering_economics|软件工程经济学]]\n- [[concept_computing_foundations|计算基础]]\n- [[concept_mathematical_foundations|数学基础]]\n- [[concept_engineering_foundations|工程基础]]\n\n指南附录列出的词汇标准是 [[work_ieee_24765_2017|ISO/IEC/IEEE 24765:2017]]。开发流程见 [[concept_software_engineering_process|软件工程过程]]，需求与文档类规范见 [[concept_software_requirements|软件需求]] 和 [[concept_software_quality|软件质量]]。[^s1]",
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