{
  "contentStorage": "postgres",
  "title": "孟子 · 関係",
  "description": "孟子，名轲，战国时期邹（今山东省邹城市）人，儒家代表人物，后世尊为“亚圣”，与孔子并称“孔孟”，著有《孟子》七篇。",
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    "id": "person_cn_q188903",
    "type": "person",
    "title": "孟子",
    "slug": "mencius",
    "aliases": [
      "Mencius",
      "孟轲"
    ],
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    "summary": "孟子，名轲，战国时期邹（今山东省邹城市）人，儒家代表人物，后世尊为“亚圣”，与孔子并称“孔孟”，著有《孟子》七篇。",
    "status": "published",
    "categories": [
      "category-history",
      "category-people",
      "category-historical-figures"
    ],
    "tags": [
      "tag-ancient-china"
    ],
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      {
        "id": "wikidata",
        "title": "Wikidata Q188903",
        "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188903"
      },
      {
        "id": "zhwiki",
        "title": "孟子（维基百科）",
        "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AD%9F%E5%AD%90"
      },
      {
        "id": "zhengshi",
        "title": "史記/卷074（维基文库）",
        "url": "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E5%8F%B2%E8%A8%98/%E5%8D%B7074"
      }
    ],
    "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00",
    "updatedAt": "2026-10-30T13:41:43+08:00",
    "updatedBy": "user:admin",
    "revision": 6,
    "body": "孟子，名轲，战国时期邾国（邹国，今山东省邹城市）人，儒家代表人物。他受业于子思的门人，继承并发展孔子的学说，主张性善、仁政与王道，后世尊为“亚圣”，与孔子并称“孔孟”。[^zhengshi][^zhwiki]\n\n## 正史记载\n\n\u003e 孟軻，騶人也。受業子思之門人。道既通，游事齊宣王，宣王不能用。適梁，梁惠王不果所言，則見以為迂遠而闊於事情。當是之時，秦用商君，富國彊兵；楚、魏用吳起，戰勝弱敵；齊威王、宣王用孫子、田忌之徒，而諸侯東面朝齊。天下方務於合從連衡，以攻伐為賢，而孟軻乃述唐、虞、三代之德，是以所如者不合。退而與萬章之徒序詩書，述仲尼之意，作孟子七篇。\n\n——《史记·孟子荀卿列传》[^zhengshi]\n\n## 生平\n\n孟子是邾国（邹国）人。其祖先出自鲁国公族孟孙氏，食邑郕城被齐攻破后，子孙分散，孟子一支迁居邹国。他受业于[[person_cn_q1147803|子思]]的门人；子思卒年早于孟子出生数十年，故《史记》所记受业于子思门人之说较为可信。[^zhwiki]\n\n他效法[[person_cn_q4604|孔子]]，带领门徒游说诸侯：至齐事齐宣王，宣王不能用；至梁见梁惠王，其言被视为迂远而不切事情。当时秦用商鞅、楚魏用吴起、齐用孙膑田忌，诸侯以合纵连横与攻伐为务，而孟子称述唐、虞、三代之德，故所至多不合。晚年退居，与万章等弟子序《诗》《书》，述孔子之意，著《孟子》七篇。[^zhengshi]\n\n## 思想\n\n孟子学说的出发点是性善论。他认为人生来具有恻隐、羞恶、辞让、是非之心，即仁义礼智的“四端”：人乍见孺子将入于井，皆有怵惕恻隐之心，并非为了结交其父母或求取名誉。人为不善，是失其本心，因此主张“求其放心”以复其性。[^zhwiki]\n\n政治上，他主张行仁政、王天下，认为君主应将不忍人之心推及于政，“老吾老以及人之老，幼吾幼以及人之幼”；并提出“民为贵，社稷次之，君为轻”，认为民心向背决定政权存续。他重义轻利，又以“浩然之气”论修养。[^zhwiki]\n\n## 著作\n\n《孟子》七篇，即《梁惠王》《公孙丑》《滕文公》《离娄》《万章》《告子》《尽心》，各分上下。[^zhwiki]\n\n## 后世地位\n\n《汉书·艺文志》将《孟子》列入诸子略，视为子书。唐代韩愈作《原道》，以孟子为孔子之后唯一继承道统者，其地位自此逐渐上升。北宋元丰六年（1083年），孟子被追封为“邹国公”，翌年获准配享孔庙；元代至顺元年（1330年）加封“邹国亚圣公”，此后称“亚圣”，地位仅次于孔子。南宋朱熹将《孟子》与《论语》《大学》《中庸》合为“四书”，《孟子》亦列入“十三经”。[^zhwiki]\n\n相传明太祖朱元璋不满其民本思想，命刘三吾等删节《孟子》，编成《孟子节文》。[^zhwiki]\n\n## 基本信息\n\n- 姓名：孟轲[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n- 简介：战国时期哲学家，儒家代表人物[^wikidata]\n- 所属朝代或国家：邾国（邹国）[^wikidata]\n- 出生地：[[place_cn_370883|邹城市]][^wikidata]\n\n## 著作\n\n- [[work_cn_q1195444|《孟子》]]",
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