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  <description>软件工程模型与方法为软件工程加上结构，使其系统化、可重复，并更有可能成功。</description>
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        <title>Guide to the Software Engineering Body of Knowledge (SWEBOK Guide) v4.0a</title>
        <author>Hironori Washizaki (ed.), IEEE Computer Society</author>
        <date>2026-08</date>
        <url>https://ieeecs-media.computer.org/media/education/swebok/swebok-v4.pdf</url>
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    <body>模型提供一种解题途径，以及构造和分析模型的记法与规程。方法为最终软件及相关工作产品的系统化规格说明、设计、构造、测试和验证提供一种途径。模型和方法的范围差别很大，可以从生存周期的一个阶段覆盖到整个生存周期。本知识域关注跨越多个生存周期阶段的模型与方法；只针对单个阶段的方法放在其他知识域。所讨论的方法包括启发式方法、形式化方法、原型方法和敏捷方法。[^s1]&#xA;&#xA;&#xA;该知识域在指南中的一级主题为：&#xA;&#xA;- 建模&#xA;- 模型类型&#xA;- 模型分析&#xA;- 软件工程方法</body>
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