{
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  "title": "朱元璋 · Relasi",
  "description": "朱元璋（1328年—1398年），明朝开国皇帝。",
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    "summary": "朱元璋（1328年—1398年），明朝开国皇帝。",
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        "title": "朱元璋（维基百科）",
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      {
        "id": "zhengshi",
        "title": "明史卷一（维基文库）",
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    "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00",
    "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T10:43:15+08:00",
    "updatedBy": "user:admin",
    "revision": 7,
    "body": "## 生平\n\n朱元璋（1328年—1398年），字国瑞，濠州钟离县（今安徽凤阳）人，原名朱重八，出身贫农，幼时曾为地主放牛。至正四年（1344年）淮北大旱饥荒，他的父母与长兄相继亡故，他入皇觉寺为僧，后离寺云游淮西。至正十二年（1352年），他参加郭子兴领导的红巾军，获赐名元璋，逐渐崛起。至正十六年（1356年）攻克集庆，改应天府，以此为根据地；至正二十三年（1363年）于鄱阳湖之战歼灭陈友谅，至正二十七年（1367年）平江之战俘虏张士诚，统一南方。洪武元年（1368年），朱元璋在应天称帝，建立明朝；同年徐达北伐攻入元大都，终结元朝在内地的统治，并收复燕云十六州。洪武三十一年（1398年）崩于应天，葬[[place_hist_q28769|明孝陵]]，庙号太祖；合葬[[person_cn_q1068941|孝慈高皇后]]马氏。[^zhwiki][^zhengshi]\n\n## 历史成就\n\n朱元璋建国后推行休养生息：下令农民归耕、奖励垦荒、大兴移民屯田与军屯、兴修水利、丈量土地清查户口、减免赋税，社会生产逐渐恢复发展，史称洪武之治。制度上，他创立卫所制使军士屯田自给，制定《大明律》，分封藩王镇守边疆。与此同时，他废除中书省与丞相、由皇帝直领六部，设立锦衣卫，用严刑峻法惩治贪腐，并诛除胡惟庸、蓝玉等功臣宿将及其党羽，君主专制空前强化。后世对其评价两极：肯定者重其澄清吏治、恢复民生、奠定明朝二百余年基业；批评者则指其严刑峻法与屠戮功臣，为明代政治留下猜忌残酷的阴影。[^zhwiki]\n\n## 正史记载\n\n正史传记见《明史卷一》[^zhengshi]。\n\n## 基本信息\n\n- 简介：明朝开国皇帝[^wikidata]\n- 所属朝代或国家：元朝、明朝[^wikidata]\n- 出生地：[[place_cn_341126|凤阳县]][^wikidata]",
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