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  "title": "约翰·马瑟",
  "description": "约翰·马瑟（John C. Mather，1946年8月7日—）是美国天体物理学家，NASA戈达德航天中心研究员，因领导COBE卫星、发现宇宙微波背景辐射的黑体谱形式而获得2006年诺贝尔物理学奖。",
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        "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 2006",
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        "title": "Measuring the Big Bang with the COBE satellite | NASA Science",
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    "body": "**约翰·马瑟**（John C. Mather，1946年8月7日—）出生于罗亚诺克（美国）。\n\n## 生平与职业生涯\n\n约翰·马瑟是美国天体物理学家，长期任职于美国国家航空航天局戈达德航天中心。1974年，他向NASA提出宇宙背景探测者（COBE）卫星计划并担任首席研究员，协调上千人的团队；卫星于1989年发射升空[^s3]。\n\n## 主要成就\n\n马瑟直接负责COBE上测量宇宙微波背景辐射谱的远红外绝对分光光度计（FIRAS）：观测开始仅9分钟，数据即显示背景辐射具有近乎完美的黑体谱，温度为2.725K，偏差仅约百万分之五十[^s3]。这是大爆炸理论最有力的证据之一，使宇宙学从思辨走向精密科学；COBE随后还揭示了背景辐射在不同方向上的微小各向异性，为星系形成的种子提供了线索。马瑟因此与斯穆特共享2006年诺贝尔物理学奖[^s3]。\n\n## 获奖\n\n2006 年诺贝尔物理学奖由 2 位得主共享，约翰·马瑟占其中 1/2 份，官方获奖理由（官方原文）：“for their discovery of the blackbody form and anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background radiation”[^s1]。获奖时所属机构为 NASA Goddard Space Flight Center，所在地为绿带城（美国）[^s1]。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[work_nobel_prize_2006|2006 年诺贝尔奖]]、[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]",
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