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  "description": "徐霞客（1587年1月5日—1641年3月8日），明朝人物。",
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    "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:24:14+08:00",
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    "body": "## 生平\n\n徐霞客（1587年—1641年），名弘祖，字振之，号霞客，南直隶江阴县人。他自万历年间开始出游，三十余年间纵游中国南北，足迹遍及今北京、河北、山东、河南、江苏、浙江、福建、山西、江西、湖南、广西、云南、贵州等十六省，所到之处探幽寻秘、记录见闻，常露宿荒野，旅途中多次绝粮、遇盗。崇祯十年（1637年）他在湘江遇盗，跳水脱身后一无所有，靠借贷才完成旅程。崇祯十四年（1641年）他在云南腾越游历时得病，双足不能行走，由当地知府用轿子送返江阴，不久去世。[^zhwiki]\n\n## 历史成就\n\n徐霞客是中国历史上著名的地理学家、旅行家和文学家。他对石灰岩（岩溶）地貌进行了深刻的研究和记录，对溶洞分布以及石钟乳、石笋、溶沟、石芽、石梁的成因都有详细考释，是世界上对岩溶地貌进行系统考察的先行者；他还考察了长江源头，纠正了古代文献以岷山为长江源头（“导江”）的错误论断。他留下的旅行日记经后人整理为《徐霞客游记》，内容涵盖地理、地貌、水文、气候、植物、农业、矿业、交通、古迹与风俗民情，具有很高的科学和文学价值。清初钱谦益将他与张骞、玄奘、耶律楚材并列。[^zhwiki]\n\n## 基本信息\n\n- 所属朝代或国家：明朝[^wikidata]\n- 出生地：[[place_cn_320281|江阴市]][^wikidata]\n\n## 著作\n\n- [[work_cn_q8045132|《徐霞客游记》]]",
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