{
  "contentStorage": "postgres",
  "title": "Bayern (Freistaat Bayern)",
  "description": "Bayern dengan keluasan sekitar 70.500 km² ialah negeri persekutuan (Bundesland) terbesar di Jerman dan dengan kira-kira 13,1 juta penduduk (Banci 2022) negeri kedua terpadat penduduk; ibu negerinya ialah München.",
  "url": "/ms/places/de-bayern/at/19.html",
  "entity": {
    "id": "place_de_bayern",
    "type": "place",
    "title": "Bayern (Freistaat Bayern)",
    "slug": "de-bayern",
    "summary": "Bayern dengan keluasan sekitar 70.500 km² ialah negeri persekutuan (Bundesland) terbesar di Jerman dan dengan kira-kira 13,1 juta penduduk (Banci 2022) negeri kedua terpadat penduduk; ibu negerinya ialah München.",
    "status": "published",
    "categories": [
      "category-geography",
      "category-history"
    ],
    "tags": [
      "tag-admin-division"
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "id": "wikipedia",
        "title": "Bayern — Wikipedia",
        "url": "https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayern",
        "locator": "abgerufen 2026-10-28"
      }
    ],
    "createdAt": "2026-10-31T12:39:18+08:00",
    "updatedAt": "2026-10-31T12:39:18+08:00",
    "updatedBy": "user:admin",
    "revision": 19,
    "body": "## Ringkasan\n\nFreistaat Bayern terletak di tenggara Jerman dan bersempadan dengan Austria serta Republik Czech. Ibu negerinya ialah München. Bayern ialah negeri persekutuan (Bundesland) terluas (sekitar 70.500 km²) dan mempunyai kira-kira 13,1 juta penduduk (Banci 2022). Kod ISO-3166-2 ialah DE-BY. Bayern ialah negeri pengasas Republik Persekutuan Jerman pada 1949.\n\n## Bahagian pentadbiran\n\nNegeri ini terbahagi kepada 7 wilayah pentadbiran (Regierungsbezirk): Oberbayern, Niederbayern, Oberpfalz, Oberfranken, Mittelfranken, Unterfranken dan Schwaben. Di bawahnya terdapat 71 daerah (Landkreis) dan 25 bandar raya bebas daerah (kreisfreie Stadt) – jumlah terbesar antara semua negeri persekutuan.\n\n## Bandar terbesar\n\n- München（sekitar 1,5 juta penduduk）\n- Nürnberg（sekitar 520.000 penduduk）\n- Augsburg（sekitar 300.000 penduduk）\n- Regensburg（sekitar 235.000 penduduk）\n- Ingolstadt（sekitar 140.000 penduduk）\n\n## Pengangkutan\n\nMünchen ialah nod pengangkutan terpenting di Jerman selatan dengan Lapangan Terbang München dan sambungan ICE ke semua bahagian negeri. U-Bahn München dengan laluan [[concept_ubahn_muenchen_u1|U1]] hingga [[concept_ubahn_muenchen_u8|U8]] dikendalikan oleh [[organization_mvg|MVG]]; Nürnberg turut memiliki U-Bahn tersendiri.\n\n## Ekonomi\n\nBayern mempunyai ekonomi negeri terbesar di Jerman dengan sektor kukuh dalam industri automotif dan aeroangkasa (BMW, Audi), kejuruteraan elektrik (Siemens), separa konduktor (Infineon) serta pelancongan yang cemerlang di kawasan Alp.",
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    "lang": "ms",
    "sourceLang": "zh",
    "availableLangs": [
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      "ar",
      "en",
      "es",
      "fr",
      "hi",
      "id",
      "it",
      "ja",
      "ko",
      "ms",
      "nl",
      "pt",
      "ru",
      "th",
      "tr",
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    ],
    "placeKind": "Bundesland",
    "coordinates": {
      "latitude": 48.79,
      "longitude": 11.5
    },
    "adminArea": "Deutschland",
    "established": {
      "year": 1949,
      "precision": "year",
      "display": "1949 (Gründung der Bundesrepublik Deutschland)"
    }
  },
  "entities": null,
  "tags": [
    {
      "id": "tag-admin-division",
      "slug": "admin-division",
      "name": "Bahagian pentadbiran",
      "description": "Wilayah peringkat provinsi, prefektur dan daerah serta perkembangan sejarahnya.",
      "names": {
        "ar": "تقسيم إداري",
        "de": "Verwaltungsgliederung",
        "en": "Administrative division",
        "es": "División administrativa",
        "fr": "Division administrative",
        "hi": "प्रशासनिक विभाजन",
        "id": "Pembagian administratif",
        "it": "Divisione amministrativa",
        "ja": "行政区画",
        "ko": "행정 구역",
        "ms": "Bahagian pentadbiran",
        "nl": "Bestuurlijke indeling",
        "pt": "Divisão administrativa",
        "ru": "Административное деление",
        "th": "เขตการปกครอง",
        "tr": "İdari bölüm",
        "vi": "Đơn vị hành chính",
        "zh": "行政区划",
        "zh-hant": "行政區劃"
      },
      "descriptions": {
        "ar": "المقاطعات والولايات والمناطق على مختلف المستويات وتطورها التاريخي.",
        "de": "Provinzen, Präfekturen und Kreise sowie ihre historische Entwicklung.",
        "en": "Provinces, prefectures and counties, with their historical evolution.",
        "es": "Provincias, prefecturas y condados, y su evolución histórica.",
        "fr": "Provinces, préfectures et comtés, et leur évolution historique.",
        "hi": "प्रांत, प्रीफ़ेक्चर और ज़िले तथा उनका ऐतिहासिक विकास।",
        "id": "Provinsi, prefektur, dan kabupaten beserta perkembangan historisnya.",
        "it": "Divisioni a livello provinciale, prefettizio e distrettuale e la loro evoluzione storica.",
        "ja": "省・地・県各級の行政区画とその歴史的沿革。",
        "ko": "성·지·현 각급 행정 구역과 그 역사적 연혁.",
        "ms": "Wilayah peringkat provinsi, prefektur dan daerah serta perkembangan sejarahnya.",
        "nl": "Provincies, prefecturen en districten en hun historische ontwikkeling.",
        "pt": "Divisões provinciais, prefeituras e condados e a sua evolução histórica.",
        "ru": "Провинции, округа и уезды, а также их историческое развитие.",
        "th": "เขตการปกครองระดับมณฑล จังหวัด และอำเภอ ตลอดจนพัฒนาการทางประวัติศาสตร์",
        "tr": "İl, vilayet ve ilçe düzeyindeki idari birimler ve tarihsel gelişimi.",
        "vi": "Các cấp tỉnh, địa khu, huyện và quá trình phát triển lịch sử.",
        "zh": "省、地、县各级行政区及其历史沿革。",
        "zh-hant": "省、地、縣各級行政區及其歷史沿革。"
      },
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      "label": "Located in",
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      "targetTitle": "德国（德意志联邦共和国）",
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      "label": "Contains places",
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      "label": "Contains places",
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      ],
      "label": "Contains places",
      "targetId": "place_de_kruen",
      "targetTitle": "克吕恩",
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    {
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      "label": "Contains places",
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      "targetTitle": "森林前诺伊堡",
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    {
      "id": "relation_place_de_nuernberg_located_in_state",
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      "targetTitle": "纽伦堡",
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      "label": "Contains places",
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      "targetTitle": "泰斯纳赫",
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      "label": "Contains places",
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      "targetTitle": "Wirsberg",
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      "updatedAt": "2026-10-31T12:41:39+08:00",
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