--- { "aliases": [ "Nobel Prize 2018", "2018诺贝尔奖" ], "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "categories": [ "category-awards" ], "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00", "fallback": true, "id": "work_nobel_prize_2018", "lang": "ms", "language": "中文", "published": { "precision": "year", "year": 2018 }, "rankingColumns": [ { "key": "motivation", "label": "获奖理由" }, { "key": "affiliation", "label": "获奖时所属机构" } ], "rankingEntries": [ { "entityId": "person_nobel_960", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for the optical tweezers and their application to biological systems" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "Bell Laboratories" } ], "name": "阿瑟·阿什金", "sourceId": "s1", "tier": "physics" }, { "entityId": "person_nobel_961", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for their method of generating high-intensity, ultra-short optical pulses" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "École Polytechnique" } ], "name": "热拉尔·穆鲁", "sourceId": "s1", "tier": "physics" }, { "entityId": "person_nobel_962", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for their method of generating high-intensity, ultra-short optical pulses" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "University of Waterloo" } ], "name": "唐娜·斯特里克兰", "sourceId": "s1", "tier": "physics" }, { "entityId": "person_nobel_963", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for the directed evolution of enzymes" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "California Institute of Technology (Caltech)" } ], "name": "弗朗西丝·阿诺德", "sourceId": "s2", "tier": "chemistry" }, { "entityId": "person_nobel_964", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for the phage display of peptides and antibodies" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "University of Missouri" } ], "name": "乔治·P·史密斯", "sourceId": "s2", "tier": "chemistry" }, { "entityId": "person_nobel_965", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for the phage display of peptides and antibodies" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology" } ], "name": "格雷格·温特", "sourceId": "s2", "tier": "chemistry" }, { "entityId": "person_nobel_958", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for their discovery of cancer therapy by inhibition of negative immune regulation" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy" } ], "name": "詹姆斯·艾利森", "sourceId": "s3", "tier": "medicine" }, { "entityId": "person_nobel_959", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for their discovery of cancer therapy by inhibition of negative immune regulation" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "Kyoto University" } ], "name": "本庶佑", "sourceId": "s3", "tier": "medicine" }, { "entityId": "person_nobel_979", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for a narrative imagination that with encyclopedic passion represents the crossing of boundaries as a form of life" } ], "name": "奥尔加·托卡尔丘克", "sourceId": "s4", "tier": "literature" }, { "entityId": "person_nobel_968", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for integrating climate change into long-run macroeconomic analysis" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "Yale University" } ], "name": "威廉·诺德豪斯", "sourceId": "s5", "tier": "economics" }, { "entityId": "person_nobel_969", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for integrating technological innovations into long-run macroeconomic analysis" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "NYU Stern School of Business" } ], "name": "保罗·罗默", "sourceId": "s5", "tier": "economics" } ], "rankingTiers": [ { "id": "physics", "label": "诺贝尔物理学奖" }, { "id": "chemistry", "label": "诺贝尔化学奖" }, { "id": "medicine", "label": "诺贝尔生理学或医学奖" }, { "id": "literature", "label": "诺贝尔文学奖" }, { "id": "economics", "label": "瑞典中央银行纪念阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔经济学奖" } ], "revision": 4, "slug": "nobel-prize-2018", "sources": [ { "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "id": "s1", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 2018", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2018/summary/" }, { "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "id": "s2", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2018", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2018/summary/" }, { "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "id": "s3", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2018", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/2018/summary/" }, { "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "id": "s4", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Literature 2018", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/2018/summary/" }, { "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "id": "s5", "title": "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2018", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/2018/summary/" } ], "status": "published", "summary": "2018 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 5 个奖项、11 位得主，获奖名单在 2018-10-01 至 2019-10-10 陆续公布：诺贝尔物理学奖 3 位，诺贝尔化学奖 3 位，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 2 位，诺贝尔文学奖 1 位，瑞典中央银行纪念阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔经济学奖 2 位。", "tags": [ "tag-nobel-prize" ], "title": "2018 年诺贝尔奖", "type": "work", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:33:53+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "workKind": "ranking_list" } --- # 2018 年诺贝尔奖 2018 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 5 个奖项、11 位得主，获奖名单在 2018-10-01 至 2019-10-10 陆续公布：诺贝尔物理学奖 3 位，诺贝尔化学奖 3 位，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 2 位，诺贝尔文学奖 1 位，瑞典中央银行纪念阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔经济学奖 2 位。 **2018 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 2018-10-01 至 2019-10-10 陆续公布[^s1]。 ## 本年度获奖情况 | 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 | | --- | --- | ---: | | 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 2018-10-02 | 3 | | 诺贝尔化学奖 | 2018-10-03 | 3 | | 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 | 2018-10-01 | 2 | | 诺贝尔文学奖 | 2019-10-10 | 1 | | 瑞典中央银行纪念阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔经济学奖 | 2018-10-01 | 2 | 得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。 ## 参见 [诺贝尔奖](/ms/concepts/nobel-prize.html)、[诺贝尔基金会](/ms/organizations/nobel-foundation.html) 更新时间：2026-11-01 ## 标签 ## 关系 - Published by：[诺贝尔基金会](/ms/organizations/nobel-foundation.html) - Previous edition：[2017 年诺贝尔奖](/ms/works/nobel-prize-2017.html) - Next edition：[2019 年诺贝尔奖](/ms/works/nobel-prize-2019.html) 第 1 / 1 页，共 3 条。 ## 正文反向链接 - [詹姆斯·艾利森](/ms/people/james-p-allison.html) - [本庶佑](/ms/people/tasuku-honjo.html) - [阿瑟·阿什金](/ms/people/arthur-ashkin.html) - [热拉尔·穆鲁](/ms/people/gerard-mourou.html) - [唐娜·斯特里克兰](/ms/people/donna-strickland.html) - [弗朗西丝·阿诺德](/ms/people/frances-h-arnold.html) - [乔治·P·史密斯](/ms/people/george-p-smith.html) - [格雷格·温特](/ms/people/gregory-p-winter.html) - [威廉·诺德豪斯](/ms/people/william-d-nordhaus.html) - [保罗·罗默](/ms/people/paul-m-romer.html) ## 来源 - The Nobel Prize in Physics 2018：https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2018/summary/ - The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2018：https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2018/summary/ - The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2018：https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/2018/summary/ - The Nobel Prize in Literature 2018：https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/2018/summary/ - The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2018：https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/2018/summary/